语言学术语大全专业英语词汇（2）

语言学术语大全专业英语词汇(2)

语言学术语：词汇

a lexeme词位

a lexical item词条

a minimum free form最小自由形式

a unit of vocabulary词汇单位

abbreviation缩写法

acronym首字母缩写法

addition添加

adjective endocentric compound形容词性向心复合词affix词缀

analogical creation类比构词法

assimilation同化

associative relations联想关系

back-formation逆序造次/逆构词法

blending混成法

borrowing借词法

bound morpheme黏着词素

bound root morpheme黏着词根词素

broadening词义扩大

calque仿造词语

cardinal number基数

central determiners中置限定词

class shift词性变换

clipping截断法

closed-class words封闭类词

coinage/invention新创词语

compound复合词

contact assimilation接触性同化

contiguous assimilation临近性同化contracted form缩写形式

conversion变换/变码

derivational affix派生词缀

derivational morphemes派生语素

derivation派生词

determiners限定词

distant assimilation远距离同化

domain范围/领域

endocentric compound向心复合词

exocentric compound离心复合词

finite element有定成分

finiteness定式

folk etymology俗词源

free morpheme自由词素

frequency count词频统计

grammatical words(function words)语法词/功能词hierarchy层次性

infix中缀

inflectional affix屈折词缀

inflectional morphemes屈折语素

invariable words不变词

lexical words(content words)词汇词/实义词lexicogrammar词汇语法

lexis/vocabulary词汇表

liaison连音

loan translation翻译借词

loanblend混合借词

loanshift转移借词

loanword借词

logogram语标

loss脱落

meaning shift意义转移

meaning shift词义转移

metanalysis再分化

metathesis换位

monosyllabic单音节

morpheme词素

morpheme语素

morpheme语素

morphemic structure语素结构

morphological change形态变化morphological conditioned形态的限制morphology形态学

morphonology形态语音学morphophomemics形态音位学

morpho-syntactic change形态-句法变化multisemous多种意义

narrowing词义缩小

nominal endocentric compound名词性向心复合词non- contiguous assimilation非临近性同化nonomorphemic words单语素词

non-productivity/unproductive非多产性obviative(that)远指代词

opened-class words开放类词

ordinal number序数词

orthographic change拼写的变化paradigmatic relations聚合关系

paradigm聚合体

particles小品词

passive vocabulary消极词汇

phoneme音位

phonological conditioned音位的限制

phonological structure音素结构

polymorphemic words多语素词

polysyllabic多音节

post determiners后置限定词

predeterminers前置限定词

prefix前缀

pro-adjective(so)代形容词

pro-adverb(so)代动词

pro-form代词形式

pro-locative(there)代处所词/代方位词

pro-verb(do/did)代副词

proximate(this)近指代词

register语域

relative uninterruptibility相对连续性

root morpheme词根语素

root词根

semantic change语义变化

semiotics符号学

sequential relations序列关系

split infinitives分裂不定式(She was told to regularly classes) stem词干

suffix后缀

syntactical change句法变化

syntagmatic relations组合关系

synthetic compound综合性复合词

the maximum free form最大自由形式

theory of least effort省力理论

variable words可变词

verbal compound动词性复合词

word class词类

word-formation构词

语言学术语：句法

a principle system原则系统

a rule system规则系统

ablative离格

accessible subject可及主语

accusative宾格

across the board extraction抽取跨界移动

actor动作者

actual sentence division实义句子切分法

adjunction加接

affix hopping词缀越位

anaphor照应语

animate noun有生名词

appellative/vocative function称呼功能

arbitrariness任意性

articulatory-perceptual system发音-听音系统

aspect checking特征验证

aspect feature基本体貌特征

aspect体

ASPP is functional projection .ASPP 是功能投射associative relationship联想关系

asymmetric c-command不对称成分统制

autosyn/autogram/autoknow语法自主

binding domain约束语域

binding约束

bipartition二分法

Bloomfield priori先天综合判断(康德Kant) Cartesian linguistics笛卡尔语言学派

case格

categories语类

C-commanding condition成分统领条件

checking domain检验区域

communicative dynamism (CD)交际动力complement domain补足语区域

complement IP=屈折短语

conative function意欲功能

concatenate联结

conceptual-intentional system概念-意旨系统concord/agreement一致关系/协同关系

constituent command(C-command for short)成分统制constituent morphemes成分规则

constituent成分

construction结构体

Context culture 文化语境

coordinate construction并列结构

core computation核心运算

covert component隐性部分

crossing branch交叉分支

CS(computational system)计算系统

dative movement与格移位

dative与格

determiner限定词

empiricism经验主义(洛克，白板说)

empty category principle空范畴原则

empty subject空主语

endocentric/headed construction向心结构/中心结构

exceptional case marking例外格标记

existential process生存过程

exocentric construction离心结构

expressive function表情功能

Extended Standard theory (EST)扩展的标准理论

external functionalism外部功能主义

extreme functionalism极端的功能主义

fall-category maximal projection全语类的最大投射

Field语场

full-interpretation完全解释原则

functional parameterization hypothesis功能参数设定假设

functional sentence perspective功能句子观

gender性

genitive属格

government支配关系

government管辖

greed句法操作自利原则

head parameter中心语参数

hierarchical structure层级结构

ideational function概念功能

immediate constituent analysis(IC analysis for short)直接成分分析法

imperative祈使语气

imperfective未完成

indicative直陈语气

INFL(inflection)形态变化

英语语言学名词解释(2)

现代语言学 一绪论 1. Linguistics: Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language 2 Phonetics: The study of sounds which are used in linguistics communication is called phonetics. For example, vowels and consonants. 3 Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology.For example,phone,phoneme,and allophone. 4 Morphology :The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology.For example,boy and “ish”---boyish,teach---teacher. 5 Syntax : The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax.For esample,”John like linguistics.” 6 Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called semantics. For example,:The seal could not be found.The zoo keeper became worried.” The seal could not be found,The king became worried.” Here the word seal means different things. 7 Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics.For example, “I do” The word do means different context. 8 Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics.For example,regional dialects,social variation in language. 9Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to workings of mind is called psycholinguistics. 二音系学 1 Phonetics: The study of sounds that are used in linguistic communication is called phonetics. 2 Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. 3 Phone: Phone can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language. A phone is a phonetic unit or segement. It does not necessarily distinguish meaning; some do,some don’t. 4 Phoneme: Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning. The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme;it is a unit that is of distinctive value. 5 allophone: The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environment are called the allophones of that phoneme. 6 Complementary distribution: These two allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in complementary distribution. 7 Minimal pair: When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segement which occurs in the same place in the stings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair. 8 Stress: When a certain syllable of a word is stressed, it means that the syllable is prounced with great force than the other or others. 9 tones: Tones are pitch variation, which are caused by the different rates of vibration of the vocal cords. Pitch variations can distinguish meaning just like phoneme; therefore, the tone is a suprasegemental feature. 10 intonation: When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation. Intonation plays an important role in conveying meaning in almost every language,especially in a language like English{$isbest} 三形态学 1 morphology: Morphology is a branch of grammer which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 2 inflectional morphology: Inflectional morphology studies the inflections of word-formation.

语言学专业英语词汇

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语言学教程术语

语言学教程术语 第一章语言学导论 phonology音系学grammar语法学morphology形态学syntax句法学lexicology词汇学general linguistics普通语言学theoretical linguistics理论语言学historical linguistics历史语言学descriptive linguistics描写语言学empirical linguistics经验语言学dialectology方言学anthropology人类学stylistics文体学signifier能指signified所指morphs形素morphotactics 语素结构学/形态配列学syntactic categories句法范畴syntactic classes句法类别序列sub-structure低层结构super-structure上层结构open syllable开音节closed syllable闭音节checked syllable成阻音节rank 等级level层次ding-dong theory/nativistic theory本能论sing-song theory唱歌说yo-he-ho theory劳动喊声说pooh-pooh theory感叹说ta-ta theory模仿说animal cry theory/bow-wow theory模声说Prague school布拉格学派Bilateral opposition 双边对立Mutilateral opposition多边对立Proportional opposition部分对立Isolated opposition 孤立对立Private opposition表缺对立Graded opposition渐次对立Equipollent opposition均等对立Neutralizable opposition可中立对立Constant opposition恒定对立Systemic-functional grammar系统功能语法Meaning potential意义潜势Conversational implicature会话含义Deictics指示词Presupposition预设Speech acts言语行为Discourse analysis话语分析Contetualism语境论Phatic communion寒暄交谈Metalanguage原语言Applied linguistics应用语言学Nominalism唯名学派Psychosomatics身学 第二章语音 trachea/windpipe气管tip舌尖blade舌叶/舌面front舌前部center舌中部top舌顶back舌后部dorsum舌背root舌跟pharynx喉/咽腔laryngeals喉音laryngealization喉化音vocal cords 声带vocal tract声腔initiator启动部分pulmonic airstream mechanism肺气流机制glottalic airstream mechanism喉气流机制velaric airstream mechanism腭气流机制Adam’s apple喉结Voiceless sound清音Voiceless consonant请辅音Voiced sound浊音Voiced consonant浊辅音Glottal stop喉塞音Breath state呼吸状态Voice state带音状态Whisper state耳语状态Closed state封闭状态Alveolar ride齿龈隆骨Dorsum舌背Ejective呼气音Glottalised stop喉塞音Impossive内爆破音Click/ingressive吸气音Segmental phonology音段音系学Segmental phonemes音段音位Suprasegmental超音段Non-segmental非音段Plurisegmental复音段Synthetic language综合型语言Diacritic mark附加符号Broad transcription宽式标音Narrow transcription窄式标音Orthoepy正音法Orthography正字法Etymology词源Active articulator 积极发音器官Movable speech organ能动发音器官Passive articulator消极发音器官Immovable speech organ不能动发音器官Lateral边音Approximant [j,w]无摩擦延续音Resonant共鸣音Central approximant中央无摩擦延续音Lateral approximant边无摩擦延续音Unilateral consonant单边辅音Bilateral consonant双边辅音Non-lateral非边音Trill [r]颤音trilled consonant颤辅音rolled consonant滚辅音Labal-velar唇化软腭音Interdental齿间音Post-dental后齿音Apico-alveolar舌尖齿龈音Dorso-alveolar舌背齿龈音Palato-alveolar后齿

语言学导论术语汉译完整可编辑版

A-bar movement（A-棒儿移位）306 Ablaut（元音交替）164 Abney, S.（人名，阿伯尼）360 accent (see phrasal stress)（重读）accusative case （宾格）248, 251, 265–6, 356, 360–1 accusative possessors in Child English（儿童英语中宾格性领属者）359–61 accusative subjects（儿童英语中宾格性主语）in Child English355–8 in infinitive clauses（非定式小句）251 acquired language disorders（获得性语言错乱）13, 213 acquisition of language（语言的获得）(see also developmental linguistics（发展语言学）) 408 acrolect（上层方言）234 activation in psycholinguistics（心理语言学中的激活作用）202, 209 active articulator（主动性发音器官）31 active voice（主动语态）137 additions in speech errors（言语失误中的追加）115 Adger, D. （人名，阿杰尔）267 adjacency pairs（邻接对）401 adjectives（形容词）130 comparative form of （（形容词）的比较级形式）130 and derivational morphology（（形容词）和派生形态学）144 dimensional（程度（形容词））175–6, 177, 179 incorporation（（形容词）并入）161 in language acquisition（（语言习中的）形容词）187 superlative form of （形容词的最高级）130 adjuncts（附加语）249, 331 adverbs（副词）130, 144 Affected Object（蒙受性宾语）334–5 affix（词缀）140 Affix Attachment（词缀附接）273, 319 affricates（塞擦音）29 African American Vernacular English (AA VE)（非裔美国人英语方言土语） agreement in（AAVE的一致关系）233, 237 double negation in（AA VE的双重否定）297 empty T in（AA VE中的空语类T）271–2 inversion in（AA VE中的倒装）311–13 possessives in（AA VE中的所有格或属格）237 age and variation in language use（年龄与语言运用中的变异）235–6 age-graded sociolinguistic variables（与年龄段相关的社会语言学变量）16 Agent（施事）305, 333, 334–5 agglutinating languages（黏着语）156–7 agrammatism（语法缺失）(see also Broca’s aphasia（布洛卡失语症）) 214–17,377–82, 385, 408 comprehension errors in（语法缺失中的理解错误）215, 216–17, 378–80 production errors in（语法缺失中的发音错误）215–16, 378 agreement （一致关系）135, 137, 144–5, 233, 248 in AA VE（AA VE中的一致关系）233, 237 in complement clauses（补语小句中的一致关系）251 in East Anglian English（东央格鲁英语中的一致关系）233 in EME（EME中的一致关系）320 operations in syntax（句法中一致关系演算或操作）264–5, 267–8, 306, 345, 407 in SLI（SLI中的一致关系）219, 385 in south western English （东南部英语中的一致关系）233 allomorphs（语素变体）152 allomorphy（语素音位变化）151–2 lexically conditioned（词汇制约的语素音位变化）152 phonologically conditioned（音系制约的语素音位变化）152, 220 plural（复数的语素音位变化）188–9 third person singular present（第三人称单数现在时的语素音位变化）220

语言学术语英汉对照

语言学术语英汉对照——考@翻译硕士唯一认准@鬼谷一喵 第一章 phonology音系学 grammar语法学 morphology形态学 syntax句法学 lexicology词汇学 general linguistics普通语言学 theoretical linguistics理论语言学historical linguistics历史语言学descriptive linguistics描写语言学empirical linguistics经验语言学dialectology方言学 anthropology人类学 stylistics文体学 signifier能指 signified所指 morphs形素 morphotactics语素结构学/形态配列学syntactic categories句法范畴 syntactic classes句法类别序列 sub-structure低层结构 super-structure上层结构 open syllable开音节 closed syllable闭音节 checked syllable成阻音节 rank 等级 level层次 ding-dong theory/nativistic theory本能论sing-song theory唱歌说 yo-he-ho theory劳动喊声说 pooh-pooh theory感叹说 ta-ta theory模仿说 animal cry theory/bow-wow theory模声说Prague school布拉格学派 Bilateral opposition双边对立 Mutilateral opposition多边对立Proportional opposition部分对立 Isolated opposition孤立对立 Private opposition表缺对立 Graded opposition渐次对立 Equipollent opposition均等对立Neutralizable opposition可中立对立Constant opposition恒定对立 Systemic-functional grammar系统功能语法Meaning potential意义潜势Conversational implicature会话含义Deictics指示词Presupposition预设 Speech acts言语行为 Discourse analysis话语分析Contetualism语境论 Phatic communion寒暄交谈Metalanguage原语言 Applied linguistics应用语言学Nominalism唯名学派 Psychosomatics身学 第二章 trachea/windpipe气管 tip舌尖 blade舌叶/舌面 front舌前部 center舌中部 top舌顶 back舌后部 dorsum舌背 root舌跟 pharynx喉/咽腔 laryngeals喉音 laryngealization喉化音 vocal cords声带 vocal tract声腔 initiator启动部分 pulmonic airstream mechanism肺气流机制glottalic airstream mechanism喉气流机制velaric airstream mechanism腭气流机制Adam’s apple喉结 Voiceless sound清音 Voiceless consonant请辅音 Voiced sound浊音 Voiced consonant浊辅音 Glottal stop喉塞音 Breath state呼吸状态 Voice state带音状态 Whisper state耳语状态 Closed state封闭状态 Alveolar ride齿龈隆骨 Dorsum舌背 Ejective呼气音 Glottalised stop喉塞音 Impossive内爆破音 Click/ingressive吸气音 Segmental phonology音段音系学Segmental phonemes音段音位Suprasegmental超音段

语言学术语大全专业英语词汇（2）

语言学术语大全专业英语词汇(2) 语言学术语：词汇 a lexeme词位 a lexical item词条 a minimum free form最小自由形式 a unit of vocabulary词汇单位 abbreviation缩写法 acronym首字母缩写法 addition添加 adjective endocentric compound形容词性向心复合词affix词缀 analogical creation类比构词法 assimilation同化 associative relations联想关系 back-formation逆序造次/逆构词法 blending混成法 borrowing借词法 bound morpheme黏着词素 bound root morpheme黏着词根词素 broadening词义扩大 calque仿造词语 cardinal number基数 central determiners中置限定词 class shift词性变换 clipping截断法 closed-class words封闭类词 coinage/invention新创词语 compound复合词

contact assimilation接触性同化 contiguous assimilation临近性同化contracted form缩写形式 conversion变换/变码 derivational affix派生词缀 derivational morphemes派生语素 derivation派生词 determiners限定词 distant assimilation远距离同化 domain范围/领域 endocentric compound向心复合词 exocentric compound离心复合词 finite element有定成分 finiteness定式 folk etymology俗词源 free morpheme自由词素 frequency count词频统计 grammatical words(function words)语法词/功能词hierarchy层次性 infix中缀 inflectional affix屈折词缀 inflectional morphemes屈折语素 invariable words不变词 lexical words(content words)词汇词/实义词lexicogrammar词汇语法 lexis/vocabulary词汇表 liaison连音 loan translation翻译借词 loanblend混合借词 loanshift转移借词

语言学专业英语词汇

.' 总结英语专业八级语言学谢萌Fighting的日志来源： 一、语言和语言学languageof features of Design 1、语言的区别性特征：没有天然的联系arbitrariness 指语言符号和它代表的意义任意性指语言由两层结构组成二重性duality 指语言可以被创造创造性creativity 指语言可以代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、时间、观点移位性displacement 、语言的功能（不是很重要）2信息功能informative 人际功能interpersonal 施为功能performative emotive function 感情功能phatic communication 寒暄功能recreational function 娱乐功能metalingual function 元语言功能 3、语言学主要分支，考查人类语言中的声音语音学phonetics 研究语音的产生、传播、接受过程 研究语音和音节结构、分布和序列音位学phonology 词的内部结构和构词规则研究形态学morphology 句子结构，词、短语组合的规则句法学syntax 研究 ，还有语言中词之上和之下的意义。如意义语义学semantics 不仅关心字词作为词汇的 语素和句子的意义中研究意义pragmatics 在语境语用学 macrolingustics4、宏观语言学 li人类语言学anthropological 心理语言学psycholinguistics 社会语言学sociolinguistics computational linguisticsnguistics 计算机语言学5语言学中的重要区别 prescriptive说明事情应该是怎么样的规定式和描写式：规定式：descriptive 说明事情本来是怎么样的描写式：synchronic 研究某个特定时期语言共时研究和历时研究：共时：研究语言发展规律历时：diachronic 指语言系统的整体语言和言语：语言：langue指具体实际运用的语言言语：parole chomsky提出)(语言能力和语言运用：乔姆斯基能力：competence用语言的人的语言知识储备performance 真实的语言使用者在实际中的语言使用运用：二、语音学1、语音学分支phonetics研究语言的产生发音语音学articulatory 研究语音的物理属性声学语言学acoustic phonetics phonetics 研究语言怎样被感知听觉语音学auditory 琼斯提出的Jones（国际音标）是由2 IPAdaniel 三、音位学 ;.. .' 1、最小对立体minimal pairs 2、音位phoneme3 音位变体allophones互补分布complementary distribution4 自由变体free variation5 区别特征distinctive features6 suprasegmental feature7 超音段特征tone 声调intonation 音节syllable 重音stress 语调

语言学术语(英-汉对照)表

语言学术语（英-汉对照）表 Glossary and Index A abbreviation 缩写词，略语3.3.1 Abercrombie 10.3.2 ablative 夺格，离格4.1.1 abstractness 抽象性1.3.2 accent 重音（符）2.4.4；2.4.5 accuracy 正确性11.6.4 accusative 宾格4.1.1 achievement test 成绩测试11.6.3 acoustic phonetics 声学语音学1.7.1；2.1 acquisition 习得6.1.2 acronym 缩略语3.3.1 action process 动作过程12.2.3 actor 动作者4.4.2；12.2.3 addition 添加3.3.2 address form 称呼形式7.2.3 addressee 受话人1.4；9.4.1 addresser 发话人1.4；9.4.1 adjective 形容词3.1.2；4.1.1；5.5.2 adjunct 修饰成分；附加语12.2.3 adverb 副词3.1.2 affix 词缀3.2.1 affix hopping 词缀跳跃4.3.1 affixation词缀附加法7.1.4 affricate 塞擦音2.4.3；2.4.5；2.9.1 agreement 一致关系4.1.3 airstream 气流2 alliteration 头韵9.3.2；9.3.6 allomorph 词/语素变体3.2.4；4.3.1 allophone 音位变体2.8 allophonic variation 音位变体2.8.3 allophony音位变体现象2.8.3 alveolar ridge 齿龈2.2

语言学术语

abbreviation缩写法 acculturation语言文化移入acoustic phonetics声学语言学acronym词首字母缩略词 address term称谓语 addresser发话人 addressee受话人 adjacency毗邻Adjacency Condition毗邻条件Adjacency Parameter毗邻参数 Affix词缀 Affixation加词缀法 Affricate塞擦音 Afroasiatic非亚语系agreement rule一致关系规则 allophone音位变体 alveolar齿龈音 alveolus齿龈 angular gyrus角形脑回 antonymy反义现象 antonym反以词 apocope词尾音脱落 aphasia失语症 aphasic失语症患者applied linguistics应用语言学 arbitrariness任意性 argument论元articulatory phonetics发音语音学articulatory variable发音变项 aspiration送气

assimilation同化 approximation近似化 auditory phonetics听觉语音学 Austronesian…语系 Babbling咿呀学语 back-formation逆向构词法 back vowel后元音 Behaviorism行为主义Behaviorist learning theory行为主义学习理论Behaviorist Psychology行为主义心理学 Bilabial双唇音 Bilingualism双语现象 Black English黑人英语 Blending混合法 Borrowing借用 bound morpheme黏着语素 brain lateralization大脑左右半球侧化 branching node分叉点 broad transcription宽式音标 Broca’s area布罗卡区 caretaker speech保姆语 case格 Case Condition格条件 case marking格标志 causative verb使役动词 central vowel中元音 cerebral cortex大脑皮层 cerebral plasticity大脑弹性 channel渠道 classical language古典语言

(完整版)语言学专业词汇中英文对照版(2)

语言学术语（英-汉对照）表 A abbreviation 缩写词，略语ablative 夺格，离格 accent 重音（符）accusative 宾格achievement test 成绩测试 acoustic phonetics 声学语音学 acquisition 习得 acronym 缩略语 action process 动作过程actor 动作者 address form 称呼形式addressee 受话人 addresser 发话人 adjective 形容词 adjunct 修饰成分附加语adverb 副词 affix 词缀 affixation词缀附加法affricate 塞擦音agreement 一致关系 airstream 气流 alliteration 头韵 allomorph 词/语素变体 allophone 音位变体 allophonic variation 音位 变体 allophony音位变体现象 alveolar ridge 齿龈 alveolar 齿龈音 ambiguity 歧义 analogical creation 类推造 字 anapest 抑抑扬格 anaphor 前指替代 anaphoric reference 前指照 应 animate 有生命的 annotation 注解 antecedent 先行词前在词 anthropological linguistics 人类语言学 anticipatory coarticulation 逆化协同发音 antonomasia 换称代类名 antonym 反义词 antonymy 反义(关系) appellative 称谓性 applied linguistics 应用语 言学 applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语言学 appropriacy 适宜性 appropriateness 适宜性得 体性 approximant 无摩擦延续音 aptitude test 素质测试 Arabic 阿拉伯语 arbitrariness 任意性 argument 中项中词主目 article 冠词 articulation 发音 articulator 发音器官 articulatory phonetics 发 音语音学 artificial speech 人工言语 aspect 体 aspirated 吐气送气 assimilation 同化 associative 联想 associative meaning 联想意 义 assonance 准压韵半谐音

英语语言学术语

1. 语言的普遍特征： 任意性arbitrariness 双层结构duality 既由声音和意义结构 多产性productivity 移位性displacement:我们能用语言可以表达许多不在场的东西 文化传播性cultural transmission 2。语言的功能： 传达信息功能informative 人济功能：interpersonal 行事功能：Performative 表情功能：Emotive 寒暄功能：Phatic 娱乐功能recreatinal 元语言功能metalingual 3. 语言学linguistics：包括六个分支 语音学Phonetics 音位学phonology 形态学Morphology 句法学syntax 语义学semantics 语用学pragmatics 4. 现代结构主义语言学创始人：Ferdinand de saussure 提出语言学中最重要的概念对之一：语言与言语language and parole ，语言之语言系统的整体，言语则只待某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语 5. 语法创始人：Noam Chomsky 提出概念语言能力与语言运用competence and performance 1. Which of the following statements can be used to describe displacement. one of the unique properties of language: a. we can easily teach our children to learn a certain language b. we can use both 'shu' and 'tree' to describe the same thing. c. we can u se language to refer to something not present d. we can produce sentences that have never been heard befor e. 2.What is the most important function of language? a. interpersonal b. phatic c. informative d.metallingual 3.The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it ?"is __ a informative b. phatic c. directive d. performative 4.The distinction between competence and performance is proposed by __ a saussure b. halliday

语言学术语

语言学术语 第一章语言学导论 phonology音系学grammar语法学morphology形态学syntax句法学lexicology词汇学general linguistics普通语言学theoretical linguistics 理论语言学historical linguistics历史语言学descriptive linguistics描写语言学empirical linguistics经验语言学dialectology方言学anthropology人类学stylistics文体学signifier能指signified所指morphs形素morphotactics语素结构学/形态配列学syntactic categories 句法范畴syntactic classes句法类别序列sub-structure低层结构super-structure上层结构open syllable开音节closed syllable闭音节checked syllable成阻音节rank 等级level层次ding-dong theory/nativistic theory本能论sing-song theory唱歌说yo-he-ho theory 劳动喊声说pooh-pooh theory感叹说ta-ta theory模仿说animal cry theory/bow-wow theory模声说Prague school布拉格学派Bilateral opposition双边对立Mutilateral opposition多边对立Proportional opposition部分对立Isolated opposition孤立对立Private opposition表缺对立Graded opposition渐次对立Equipollent opposition均等对立Neutralizable opposition可中立对立Constant opposition恒定对立Systemic-functional grammar系统功能语法Meaning potential意义潜势Conversational implicature会话含义Deictics指示词Presupposition预设Speech acts言语行为Discourse analysis话语分析Contetualism语境论Phatic communion寒暄交谈Metalanguage原语言Applied linguistics 应用语言学Nominalism唯名学派Psychosomatics身学 第二章语音 trachea/windpipe气管tip舌尖blade舌叶/舌面front舌前部center舌中部top舌顶back舌后部dorsum舌背root舌跟pharynx喉/咽腔laryngeals喉音laryngealization喉化音vocal cords声带vocal tract声腔initiator启动部分pulmonic airstream mechanism肺气流机制glottalic airstream mechanism喉气流机制velaric airstream mechanism腭气流机制Adam’s apple喉结Voiceless sound清音Voiceless consonant请辅音Voiced sound浊音Voiced consonant浊辅音Glottal stop喉塞音Breath state呼吸状态Voice state带音状态Whisper state耳语状态Closed state 封闭状态Alveolar ride齿龈隆骨Dorsum舌背Ejective呼气音Glottalised stop喉塞音Impossive内爆破音Click/ingressive吸气音Segmental phonology音段音系学Segmental phonemes音段音位