铸造英文对照及解析
铸造常用词中英文对照及简释
1. 铸件后处理(post treatment of casting) [ 铸件] 对清理后的铸件进行热处理﹑整形﹑防锈处理和粗加工的过程。铸件后处理是铸造生产的最后一道工序。
2. 铸件清理(cleaning of casting) [ 铸件] 将铸件从铸型中取出﹐清除掉本体以外的多余部分﹐并打磨精整铸件内外表面的过程。主要工作有清除型芯和芯铁。
3. 铸造有色合金(cast non ferrous alloy) [ 铸造合金] 用以浇注铸件的有色合金(见有色金属)﹐是铸造合金中的一类。主要有铸造铜合金﹑铸造铝合金﹑铸造镁合金等。
4. 浇注系统(gating system) [ 铸型] 为将液态金属引入铸型型腔而在铸型内开设的信道。包括﹕浇口杯，直浇道，横浇道，内浇道。
5. 模样(pattern) [ 铸型] 仿真铸件形状形成铸型型腔的工艺装备或易耗件。为保证形成符合要求的型腔﹐模样应具有足够的强度﹑刚度。
6. 冒口(riser) [ 铸型] 为避免铸件出现缺陷而附加在铸件上方或侧面的补充部分。在铸型中﹐冒口的型腔是存贮液态金属的容器。
7. 芯盒(core box) [ 铸型] 将芯砂制成型芯的工艺装备。可由木材﹑塑料﹑金属或其它材料制成。
8. 芯砂(core sand) [ 造型材料] 铸造生产中用于制造型芯的材料﹐一般由铸造砂﹑型砂黏结剂和辅加物等造型材料按一定的比例混合而成
9. 型砂(molding sand) [ 造型材料] 在砂型铸造中用来造型的材料。型砂一般由铸造砂﹑型砂黏结剂和辅加物等造型材料按一定的比例混合而成。
10. 型砂粘结剂(molding sand binder) [ 造型材料] 将松散的铸造砂粘结在一起使之成为型砂或芯砂的造型材料。
11. 再生砂(reclaimed sand) [ 造型材料] 铸造生产中经过处理基本上恢复了使用性能可以回用的旧砂。
12. 铸造砂(foundry sand) [ 造型材料] 铸造生产中用来配制型砂和芯砂的一种造型材料。
13. 混砂机(sand mixer) [ 铸造设备] 用于混制型砂或芯砂的铸造设备。混砂机一般具有下列功能﹕将旧砂﹑新砂﹑型砂黏结剂和辅料混合均匀。
14. 落砂机(shakeout machine) [ 铸造设备] 利用振动和冲击(见机械振动)使铸型中的型砂和铸件分离的铸造设备。落砂机的振动源分为机械﹑电磁和气动。
15. 抛丸机(shot blasting machine) [ 铸造设备] 利用抛丸器抛出的高速弹丸清理或强化铸件表面的铸造设备。抛丸机能同时对铸件进行落砂﹑除芯和清理。
16. 造芯机(core making machine) [ 铸造设备] 用于制造型芯的铸造设备。根据制芯时实砂方法的不同﹐造芯机可分为震击式制芯机﹑挤芯机和射芯机等。
17. 造型机(molding machine) [ 铸造设备] 用于制造砂型的铸造设备。它的主要功能是﹕填砂﹐将松散的型砂填入砂箱中﹔紧实型砂。
铸造专业术语
Lesson 1 1. fundamental a. 基础的，基本的 2. foundry n. 铸造，铸造工厂（车间） 3. process n. 工序、过程 vt. 使经历某一过程 4. molding（美）n. 造型 moulding（英）n. 造型 5. casting n. 铸造（法）、浇注、铸件 6. involve vt. 包含 involved in 包含在……中，在……中涉及 7. suitable a. 合适的，适当的 8. mold（美）n. 铸型，型 mould（英）n. 铸型，型 9. govern vt.vi. 支配，决定 （be）governed by 取决于……；由……决定 以……为转移。 10. green sand mold n. 湿（砂）型 11. natural a. 天然的，本来的 12. pour vi. Vt. 浇注 13. dry sand mold n. 干（砂）型 14. mixture n. 混合物，混合料 15. ram vi. Vt. 冲紧，紧实 16. bake vt. Vi. 烘烤，焙烤 17. moisture n. 水分，潮气，湿度 18. firm a. 坚硬的 19. coremaking n. 制芯 20. cavity n. 空腔，空洞，孔 21. project vt. Vi. 伸出，突出 22. silica n. 二氧化硅，石英 23. binding material n. 粘结材料，粘结剂 24. independently ad. 独立地，单独地 25. melt vi. Vt. n. 熔化，熔炼，溶液 26. lead n. 铅 27. tin n. 锡 28. zinc n. 锌 29. pot n. 坩埚，罐 30. burner n. 燃烧器，燃烧炉 31. aluminium n. 铝 32. brass n. 黄铜，铜锌合金 33. bronze n. 黄铜，铜锡合金 34. crucible furnace n. 坩埚炉 35. cast iron n. 铸铁 36. cupola n. 冲天炉 37. electric arc furnace n. 电弧炉
英文词根大全
英文词根大全 语法词根词缀记忆法第一部分通过前缀认识单词（常用前缀一） 1、a- ① 加在单词或词根前面，表示" 不，无，非" acentric 无中心的 （a+centric 中心的）asocial 不好社交的（a+social 好社交的）amoral 非道德性的（a+moral 道德的；注意：immoral 不道德的）apolitical. 不关政治的（a+political 政治的）anemia 反常的（a+nomal 正常的 +ous ）apathy 冷漠（a+path 感情+y） ② 加在单词前，表示”在…，…的” asleep 睡着的（a+sleep 睡觉）aside 在边上（a+side 旁边）ahead 在前地（a+head 头）awake 唤醒，醒的（a+wake 醒的）aloud 高声地（a+loud 高声的）alive 活的（a+live 活）alone 孤单的（a+lone 单个的）avare 意识到的（a+ware 注意）awash .泛滥的（a+wash 冲洗） 2、ab-,abs咖在词根前，表示”相反，变坏，离去”等 abnormal 反常的（ab+normal 正常的） abuse滥用（ab+use用宀用坏宀滥用） absorb吸收（ab+sorb吸收宀吸收掉） absent缺席的（ab+sent出现宀没有出现宀缺席的） abdicate退位（ab+dic命令+ate^不在命令退位） abduct诱拐（ab+duct引导宀引走宀诱拐） abject可怜的（ab+ject抛宀抛掉宀可怜的） abstract抽象的；心不在焉的（abs+tract拉宀被拉开宀心不在焉） abstain戒绝（abs+tain拿住宀不再拿住宀戒绝） abscond潜逃（abs+cond藏宀藏起来宀潜逃） abscind废除（abs+cind剪切宀切掉宀废除） abscise切除（abs+cise剪宀剪掉宀切除） abstinence节制；禁欲（abs+tin拿住+ense^不在拿住宀戒除，禁欲） 3、ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前，表示"一再”等加强意abbreviate缩写（ab+brev短+iate宀弄短宀缩写）accelerate 陪伴（ac+company 伙伴宀陪伴）accentuate加速（ac+celer速度宀一再增加速度）accomplish强制（ac+cent唱歌宀一再唱出宀强调）accumulate积累（ac+cumul堆积+ate^堆积起来宀积累）accustom使习惯（ac+custom习俗宀习惯习俗）addict上瘾，入迷（ad+dict说宀一再说起宀对.......................................... 入迷） additive 上瘾的（addict 的形容词） adduce引证，举例（ad+duce引导宀一再引导宀举例说明）affable亲切的（af+fable说话宀不断可以说话宀亲切） affiliation入会，加入（af+fili儿子+ation宀成为儿子宀入会）affinity亲密
机械毕业设计英文外文翻译460数字控制 (2)
附录 科技译文： Numerical Control Numerical Control(NC) is a method of controlling the movements of machineComponents by directly inserting coded instructions in the form of numerical data(numbers and data ) into the system.The system automatically interprets these data and converts to output signals. These signals ,in turn control various machine components ,such as turning spindles on and off ,changing tools,moving the work piece or the tools along specific paths,and turning cutting fluits on and off. In order to appreciate the importer of numerical control of machines ,let’s briefly review how a process such as machining has been carried out traditionally .After studying the working drawing of a part, the operator sets up the appropriate process parameters(such as cutting speed ,feed,depth of cut,cutting fluid ,and so on),determines the sequence of operations to be performed,clamps the work piece in a workholding device such as chuck or collet ,and proceeds to make the part .Depending on part shape and the dimensional accuracy specified ,this approach usually requires skilled
英语词根词缀表(最全)
英语词根词缀表(最全)
英语常用词根词缀表 注：这是本人学习时总结的词根词缀表，希望对大家有帮助，谢谢大家。 1、前缀 a-①无，不，非：amoral 非道德性②[含有in，on，at，by，with，to等意义]：asleep 在熟睡中③[加强意义]：aloud 高声地 ab-离去，相反，不：absorb 吸去 ac-[含有at，to之意；或表示加强意义]：accompany 陪伴 ad-[含有at，to之意；或表示加强意义]：adventure 冒险 an-①无，不：anelectric 不起点的②[加强或引申意义]：announce 宣布 ante-前，先：反对；相反；防止：antiwar 反战的 auto-自己，自动：autobiography 自传 be-①使……；使成为……：befool 欺骗，愚弄②加以……，饰以……，用……（做某事）：becloud 遮暗，遮蔽③在：beside 在……旁边④[加强及引申意义]：befall 降临；发生 bene-善，好；benefit 恩惠，利益 bi-两，二：bicolour 两色的 by-旁，侧，非正式，副：buroad 小路 circum-周围，环绕：circumplanetary 环绕行星的 co-共同：coaction 共同行动 col-共同：collocate 并列；并置 com-①共同：combine 联合；结合②[加强或引申意义]：commix 混合 con-①共同：concolorous 同色的②[加强或引申意义]：conclude 结束，终结 contra-反对，相反：contraposition 对照；针对 cor-①共同；互相：correlation 相互关系②[加强或引申意义]：correct 纠正 counter-反对，相反：countermarch 反方向行进 de-①否定；非；相反：denationalize 非国有化②除去，取消，毁：desalt 除去盐分③离开：detrain 下火车④向下，降低，减少：depress 压低，压下⑤使成……，做成……⑥[或仅作加强意义]：design计划；设计 deca-十：decametre 10米 deci-十分之一：decimetre 1/10米，分米 demi-半：dimigod 半神半人 di-二，双：disyllable 双音节词 dia-贯通；对穿；透过；二者之间：dialogue 对话 dif-分开；否定，不：differ 不同，相异
铸造专业英文词汇
Abating退火 Abrasion磨损 Abrasive paper砂纸 Abrasive wheel 砂轮 Accessory 附件，活块 Acicular ferrite针状铁素体 Acid refractory酸性耐火材料 Acid-proof cast iron / acid-resistance casting/ acid resisting cast iron耐酸铸件 Acid slay酸性渣 Active clay有效粘土 AFS fineness美国铸造学会型砂粒度 Agitator 搅拌机（型砂试验） Agitation 搅拌 Air blower鼓风机 Air drain 出气口（浇注系统） Air pollution control大气污染控制 Air tightness气密性 Air vent 出气孔 Allowance 余量，津贴，补助，宽容 Alloying agent 合金元素 Alloying component 合金成分 Anti-rust防锈 Argon氩气 Atomization雾化，喷雾 Atomizer test雾化试验（检验金属表面油脂）Attack侵蚀 Attack polishing method侵蚀抛光法Automatic charging 自动加料 Automatic de-sprueing自动切除冒口Automatic molding自动造型 Automatic pouring device自动浇注装置Automatic sand plant自动化砂处理装置Baked core干砂芯 Balance天平/余额 Ball feeder球状冒口 Ball hardness布氏硬度 Ball hardness testing machine布氏硬度机Ball mill球磨机 Band/belt conveyer皮带输送机 Band/belt elevator皮带斗式提升机 Bar bend test试棒抗弯试验 Base 底，基础 Base line 基线 Base plate底板 Base sand原砂Basic碱性的，基本的 Batch mill / batch sand mixer混砂机Beader pearlite珠光体 Bed charge/coke底焦 Belt grinder带式磨光机 Bending strength抗弯强度Bentonite膨润土 Binder粘结剂 Bituminous coal dust/black dust煤粉Black short冷脆 Black skin黑皮，铸皮 Blank毛胚，下料 Blast鼓风，送风 Blast capacity风量 Blast fan 离心式鼓风机 Blast hole风口 Blast intensity鼓风强度 Blast pressure gage风压表 Blast regulator风量调节器 Blast volume风量 Bleed缺肉，台箱跑火 Blender混砂机，搅拌机 Blind feeder/head暗冒口 Blind roaster马弗炉 Blind scab起痂 Blister皮下气泡 Blow down停炉 Boiling point沸点 Bond 粘结剂，合同 Bond clay造型粘土 Bond strength粘结强度 Bottom door炉底们 Bottom drop 打炉 Breaking-in 带肉 Brinell hardness布氏硬度Brittleness脆性 Brittle fracture脆性断口，脆性断裂B type graphite B型石墨 Buffing 抛光 Buffing machine抛光机 Bunker料斗 CE carbon equivalent 碳当量Carbide 碳化物 carbon dioxide二氧化碳 carbon monoxide一氧化碳 carbon pick-up增碳 carburetter 增碳剂，汽化器
机械毕业设计英文外文翻译204机电一体化
附录 INTEGRATION OF MACHINERY （From ELECTRICAL AND MACHINERY INDUSTRY）ABSTRACT Machinery was the modern science and technology development inevitable result, this article has summarized the integration of machinery technology basic outline and the development background .Summarized the domestic and foreign integration of machinery technology present situation, has analyzed the integration of machinery technology trend of development. Key word：integration of machinery ，technology，present situation ，product t，echnique of manufacture ，trend of development 0. Introduction modern science and technology unceasing development, impelled different discipline intersecting enormously with the seepage, has caused the project domain technological revolution and the transformation .In mechanical engineering domain, because the microelectronic technology and the computer technology rapid development and forms to the mechanical industry seepage the integration of machinery, caused the mechanical industry the technical structure, the product organization, the function and the constitution, the production method and the management system has had the huge change, caused the industrial production to enter into “the integration of machinery” by “the machinery electrification” for the characteristic development phase. 1. Integration of machinery outline integration of machinery is refers in the organization new owner function, the power function, in the information processing function and the control function introduces the electronic technology, unifies the system the mechanism and the computerization design and the software which constitutes always to call. The integration of machinery development also has become one to have until now own system new discipline, not only develops along with the science and technology, but also entrusts with the new content .But its basic characteristic may summarize is: The integration of machinery is embarks from the system viewpoint, synthesis community technologies and so on utilization mechanical technology, microelectronic technology, automatic control technology,
专业英语 英语词根词缀表
英语词根、词缀表 （1）词根Stems 1 ag, act to do, to drive 做，驱动 agent代理人, active活动的 2 agr field农田 agriculture农业, agrarian田地的 3 alter,al other另，其它 alien外国的，异乡的, alternate交替的 4 am to love爱，亲爱 amicable友善的, amiable和蔼可亲的 5 anim spirit, mind, life 心灵，精神，生命 animal动物, animate有生命的 6 ann, enn year年 annual一年的, centennial一百年的 7 apt to adjust, to fit调整，适应 adapt使适应, aptitude倾向，才能 8 aqua water水 aquarium水族馆, subaquatic水下的 9 arch first, to rule首要的，统治 monarchy君主制, arch-criminal罪魁祸首，首要的，总的10 aster, astro star星 astronomy天文学, asterisk星号 11 audi to hear听 audience听众, audible听得见的
12 bio life生命，生物 biology生物学, bionics仿生学 13 cap, cip, cept, ceive to take, to hold拿，取 capture捕获, recipient接受者, concept 概念, deceive欺骗14 card heart心 cardiac心脏的, cardiogram心电图 15 cede, ceed, cess to go, to yield行，走，让与 precedent先例, exceed超过, secession退出 16 cent hundred百 centigrade百分度的, centimeter厘米 17 center, center center中心 concentrate集中, centrifugal离心力的 18 cert to perceive, to make certain确信，确定 certainty必然的事, certificate证书 19 chrom color颜色 chromatic色的, chromosome染色体 20 chron time时间 chronicle编年史, synchronism同时性 21 cide, cis to kill, to cut杀，切 suicide自杀, bactericide杀菌剂 22 claim, clam to shout叫喊 exclaim惊叫, proclamation宣言 23 clos, clud to shut闭合 claus, clus close关闭, include包括
铸造术语 中英文对照
一、基本术语 1.铸造：casting , founding , foundry 2.砂型铸造：Sand casting process 3.特种铸造：Special casting process 4.铸件：casting 5.毛坯铸件：Rough casting 6.砂型铸件：Sand casting 7.试制铸件：Pilot casting 8.铸态铸件：as-cast casting 9.铸型[型]：mold 10.铸造工艺：Casting process, foundry technology 11.铸造用材料：Foundry materials 12.铸造工艺材料：Consumable materials 13.铸造设备：Foundry equipment, foundry facilities 14.铸工：Caster, founder, foundry worker 15.铸造工作者：foundryman 16.铸造车间：Foundry shop 17.铸造厂：Foundry 18.铸造分厂：Attached foundry, captive foundry, tied foundry 19.铸造三废：Foundry affluent 20.一批： A batch 21.一炉： A cast, a heat, a melt 22.铸焊：Cast welding, flow welding
23.铸锭：ingot 二、铸造合金及熔炼、浇注 2.1铸造合金基础术语 1.铸造合金：Cast alloy 2.共晶合金系：Eutectic alloy system 3.共晶合金：Eutectic alloy 4.亚共晶合金：Hypoeutectic alloy 5.过共晶合金：Hypereutectic alloy 6.共晶团：Eutectic cell 7.共晶温度：Eutectic temperature 8.共晶转变：Eutectic reaction, eutectic transformation 9.共晶组织：Eutectic structure 10.铸造复合材料：Cast composite 11.定向共晶复合材料：Directional eutectic composite 12.非晶态合金：noncrystalline alloy 13.合金元素：Alloying element 14.杂质合金：Tramp element 15.合金遗传性：Alloy heredity 16.铸态组织：As-cast structure 17.铁碳相图：iron-carbon phase diagram 18.碳化物：Carbide
机械类毕业设计外文翻译
本科毕业论文(设计) 外文翻译 学院：机电工程学院 专业：机械工程及自动化 姓名：高峰 指导教师：李延胜 2011年05 月10日 教育部办公厅 Failure Analysis，Dimensional Determination And
Analysis，Applications Of Cams INTRODUCTION It is absolutely essential that a design engineer know how and why parts fail so that reliable machines that require minimum maintenance can be designed．Sometimes a failure can be serious，such as when a tire blows out on an automobile traveling at high speed．On the other hand，a failure may be no more than a nuisance．An example is the loosening of the radiator hose in an automobile cooling system．The consequence of this latter failure is usually the loss of some radiator coolant，a condition that is readily detected and corrected．The type of load a part absorbs is just as significant as the magnitude．Generally speaking，dynamic loads with direction reversals cause greater difficulty than static loads，and therefore，fatigue strength must be considered．Another concern is whether the material is ductile or brittle．For example，brittle materials are considered to be unacceptable where fatigue is involved． Many people mistakingly interpret the word failure to mean the actual breakage of a part．However，a design engineer must consider a broader understanding of what appreciable deformation occurs．A ductile material，however will deform a large amount prior to rupture．Excessive deformation，without fracture，may cause a machine to fail because the deformed part interferes with a moving second part．Therefore，a part fails(even if it has not physically broken)whenever it no longer fulfills its required function．Sometimes failure may be due to abnormal friction or vibration between two mating parts．Failure also may be due to a phenomenon called creep，which is the plastic flow of a material under load at elevated temperatures．In addition，the actual shape of a part may be responsible for failure．For example，stress concentrations due to sudden changes in contour must be taken into account．Evaluation of stress considerations is especially important when there are dynamic loads with direction reversals and the material is not very ductile． In general，the design engineer must consider all possible modes of failure，which include the following． ——Stress ——Deformation ——Wear ——Corrosion ——Vibration ——Environmental damage ——Loosening of fastening devices
铸造英语词汇大全
铸造术语 1 范围 2 基本术语 2.1 铸造casting, founding, foundry 2.2 砂型铸造sand casting process 2.3 特种铸造special casting process 2.4 铸件casting 2.5 毛坯铸件rough casting 2.6 砂型铸件sand casting 2.7 试制铸件pilot casting 2.8 铸态铸件as-cast casting 2.9 铸型[型] mold 2.10 铸造工艺casting process，foundry technology 2.11 铸造用材料foundry materials 2.12 铸造工艺材料consumable materials 2.13 铸造设备foundry equipment ,foundry facilities 2.14 铸工caster，founder，foundry worker 2.15 铸造工作者foundryman 2.16 铸造车间foundry shop 2.17 铸造厂foundry 2.18 铸造分厂attached foundry，captive foundry，tied foundry 2.19 铸造三废foundry effluent 2.20 一批 a batch 2.21 一炉 a cast，a heat，a melt 2.22 铸焊cast welding，flow welding 2.23 铸锭ingot 3 铸造合金及熔炼、浇注 3.1 铸造合金基本术语 3.1.1 铸造合金cast alloy 3.1.2 共晶合金系eutectic alloy system 3.1.3 共晶合金eutectic alloy 3.1.4 亚共晶合金hypoeutectic alloy 3.1.5 过共晶合金hypereutectic alloy 3.1.6 共晶团eutectic cell 3.1.7 共晶温度eutectic temperature 3.1.8 共晶转变eutectic reaction，eutectic transformation 3.1.9 共晶组织eutectic structure 3.1.10 铸造复合材料cast composite 3.1.11 定向共晶复合材料directional eutectic composite 3.1.12 非晶态合金noncrystalline alloy
英语词根词缀原则
原则一、辅音双写。词头词尾第3字母处，双写肯定是词缀。 例如: 缩短 abbreviate = ab- brev-i-ate ab-是前缀,动词前面加强语气,一再地. -ate 动词后缀， -i- 是连接符号, 如ition,ation,ious,iate -brev-词根则是由 brief通过消减元音中的i，f变为对应辅音而构成，为什么我们要消减元音i呢，因为单词中元音本来就多余，最初远古没元音。那为什么不去掉e呢，刘老师说了按a、e、i、o、u排列来消减，明显e排在i前面，所以去i留e。于是我们就明白了，abbreviate一词是由brief一词经过刘老师所悟出的法则演变而来，所以abbreviate 乃是brief一词经加强语气后产生的词汇，意思是“缩短”。 辅音双写，词尾的ll,ss 本来是为了加强声音和书写，其它多数靠谱： 字母双写: 双写最多12个：sleop,rtf,mncb; 联想：sleep roof boot moon 睡觉屋顶月亮鞋? 为什么要双写？辅音双写是为了划分音节并保护原闭音节，元音双写主要是重读，其次也有含义：OO两眼小人物，EE重读同EA；?A高I细U无双。 bb abb-, -bby cc acc-, occ- dd add-, -ddle ee eed, eet, eer ff off, diff, aff, ll -ll -lly mm com- sum- imm-
oo -ood, -oom, -oon -ool -oor pp app- opp- rr -rry -rror -rrow ss -ess??ass- -ssion tt att- -tter -ttle -tting 原则二、元音简写 单词中双元音，组成词根时常瘦身压缩成单元音。 在单音节单词多数都要重读，a, of,to,for,in,and 轻便小介冠连词类除外， 重读时往往用双元音?或+y +w +r, 或辅音+e表示重读闭音节。例如， see, saw, say, lay, lie, late,??tee, tell, talk,??make, meat, site, 但是，单词用作词根时，会简写、压缩字母数量，但也尽量保留原意， 比如，汉字造字时，汉字'人'的作为部首偏旁字根也有多种变体，如：个、大、休， 英语当然也是，如： bound, band, 往往表示成 bind,bond down,dig,deep, die, died, dead 常表示成前缀 di,de。? turret一词中-et后缀表示小（比如closet、toilet等都指的是小地方），而倒数第三个r为辅音重叠，没有实际意义。那么tur部分是怎么来的呢？刘一男老师告诉我们，tur 是由词汇tower经过元音简写而来，tower→twr→tur，最后一步twr→tur的实现源于w 与u同源的事实，于是刘一男老师以非常精彩的方式告诉了我们，turret由我们熟知的tower演变而来，意思是“小塔”。
机械类毕业设计外文文献翻译
沈阳工业大学工程学院 毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 毕业设计（论文）题目：工具盒盖注塑模具设计 外文题目：Friction , Lubrication of Bearing 译文题目：轴承的摩擦与润滑 系（部）：机械系 专业班级：机械设计制造及其自动化0801 学生姓名：王宝帅 指导教师：魏晓波 2010年10 月15 日
外文文献原文： Friction , Lubrication of Bearing In many of the problem thus far , the student has been asked to disregard or neglect friction . Actually , friction is present to some degree whenever two parts are in contact and move on each other. The term friction refers to the resistance of two or more parts to movement. Friction is harmful or valuable depending upon where it occurs. friction is necessary for fastening devices such as screws and rivets which depend upon friction to hold the fastener and the parts together. Belt drivers, brakes, and tires are additional applications where friction is necessary. The friction of moving parts in a machine is harmful because it reduces the mechanical advantage of the device. The heat produced by friction is lost energy because no work takes place. Also , greater power is required to overcome the increased friction. Heat is destructive in that it causes expansion. Expansion may cause a bearing or sliding surface to fit tighter. If a great enough pressure builds up because made from low temperature materials may melt. There are three types of friction which must be overcome in moving parts: (1)starting, (2)sliding, and(3)rolling. Starting friction is the friction between two solids that tend to resist movement. When two parts are at a state of rest, the surface irregularities of both parts tend to interlock and form a wedging action. To produce motion in these parts, the wedge-shaped peaks and valleys of the stationary surfaces must be made to slide out and over each other. The rougher the two surfaces, the greater is starting friction resulting from their movement . Since there is usually no fixed pattern between the peaks and valleys of two mating parts, the irregularities do not interlock once the parts are in motion but slide over each other. The friction of the two surfaces is known as sliding friction. As shown in figure ,starting friction is always greater than sliding friction . Rolling friction occurs when roller devces are subjected to tremendous stress which cause the parts to change shape or deform. Under these conditions, the material in front of a roller tends to pile up and forces the object to roll slightly uphill. This changing of shape , known as deformation, causes a movement of molecules. As a result ,heat is produced from the added energy required to keep the parts turning and overcome friction. The friction caused by the wedging action of surface irregularities can be overcome
英语词根词缀大全
indeed ad. 真正地；确实，实在 deed n. 行为，行动；功绩；契约 相关单词act vi. 行为，做；起作用 n. 行为 ag,act=to act(行动) agency n. 代理；代理处 agent n. 代理人，代理商 agony n. 极度痛苦 action n. 行动；作用 active a. 活跃的，积极的；在活动中的 activity n. 活动，活跃；行动 actor n. 男演员 actress n. 女演员 actual a. 实际的，事实的 actually ad. 实际上；竟然 react vi. 起作用，反应；反对，起反作用；起化学反应 reaction n. (to)反应；反作用 exact a. 确切的，精确的 exactly ad. 确切地；恰恰正是，确实 interaction n. 相互作用，相互影响 inter=between,among interfere vi. 干涉，介入；阻碍，干扰 interference n. 干涉，介入；阻碍，干扰 interior a. 内部的；内地的，国内的 n. 内部；内地 intermediate a. 中间的；中级的 n. 中间体，媒介物 interpret vt. 解释，说明 vi. 口译，翻译 interpretation n. 解释，口译 interpreter n. 译员，口译者 interview n./v. 接见，会见；面谈，面试 interval n. 间隔，间距；（幕间）休息 internal a. 内的，内部的；国内的，内政的 相关单词 external a. 外部的，外面的 ex-=fully,out exterior a. 外部的，外面的 n. 外部 explain v. 解释，说明 example n. 例子；榜样，模范 形近单词 sample vt. 抽样，取样 词根词缀组2 block n.街区；木块；障碍物； vt.堵塞，拦阻 barrier n.屏障；障碍 bar=bar(横木) embarrass vt.使窘迫，使为难 bar n.酒吧间，售酒的柜台；条，杆；栅，栏； vt.阻止，阻拦 barrel n.桶，筒 与“容器”相关的单词