阅读理解之推理判断

阅读技巧之------推理判断题

推断隐含意义

（Case1）Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called "the deathwatch beetle."

●The sound of this beetle ________.

A. pleased people.

B. surprised people.

C. frightened people.

D. excited people.

(Case 2) Several different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice Age; today only two exist. The wood bison is the larger of the two, and is now found mostly in western Canada. Better known in the United States is the Plains bison, or buffalo. At one time, herds of these animals could be sighed almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West.

●The author implies that several types of bison______.

A. live outside the United Stated and Canada

B. are well adapted to swampy terrain

C. existed before the Ice Age

D. have been killed or have died out

(2012重庆卷) To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians (基督教徒) ever cooked up. For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil (邪恶的). So when Colu brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be Eden, everyone jumped to be the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.

What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that was thought to have come from Hell (地狱). What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits. Tough the tomato and the man were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit, the general population considered them one and the same, too terrible to touch.

Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet. In the 1880s, the daughter of a well-known plant expert wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her father's house had been the "introduction this wonderful new fruit -- or is it a vegetable?" As late as the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an "evil fruit".

But in the end tomatoes carried the day. The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert Johnson, and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820, people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead. "What are you afraid of?" he shouted. "I'll show you fools these things are good to eat!" Then he bit into the tomato. Some people fainted. But he survived and, according to a local story, set up a tomato-canning factory.

●What can we infer the underlined part in Paragraph 3?

A. The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down.

B. There was little progress in the study of the tomato.

C. The tomato was still refused in most western countries.

D. Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato.

●What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To challenge people's fixed concept of the tomato

B. To give an explanation to people's dislike of the tomato

C. To present the change of people's attitudes to the tomato

D. To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence

推断作者的观点和态度

（Case 1） Just as crying can be healthy, not crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering —can be bad for physical(身体的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don?t fight it. It?s

a natural—and healthy—emotional response.

●According to the author, which of the following statements is true?

A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.

B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.

C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.

D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.

(Case 2) Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventure--- those who have climbed the highest mountains, traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky activity, which may only last a few minutes or even seconds.

I would consider bungee jumping（蹦极跳）to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic（有弹性的）rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is said that about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say as risky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs. Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people's lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival.

Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping.

●The writer of the text has a ____ attitude towards dangerous sports.

A. positive

B. negative

C. neutral

D. nervous

(2102浙江卷) Easter is still a great day for worship, randy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs, but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.

And no, not because the kids like to pull their ears. The culprit is climate change, and some researchers found that rising temperatures arc having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.

Take the Lower Keys March rabbit, for instance. An endangered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys, this species of cottontail is a great swimmer — it lives on the islands! — but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising levels. According to the Center for Biological Diversity, an ocean level rise of only 0. 6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9-meter rise would wipe out their habitat (栖息地) completely.

The snowshoe hare, on the other hand, has a color issue. Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover from predators（捕食者）. As the number of days with snow decreases all across the country, however, more and more bunnies arc being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring, making them an easier mark for predators. Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight, but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question. The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.

American pikas or rock rabbits, a relative of rabbits and hares, might be the firs' of these species to go extinct due to climate change. About 7-8 inches long, pikas live high in the cool, damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains. As global temperatures rise, they would naturally migrate (迁徙) to higher ground — but they already occupy the mountaintops. They can't go any higher. The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat beats up.

The volcano rabbit has the same problem. These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico, and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters, but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher, so they are stuck in the middle. Scientists are concerned about their populations.

Native to the US, pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the American West. They are believed to be the smallest rabbits in the world. Their habitats have been destroyed by development. Several populations, such as the Columbia Basin pygmy, almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs. Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the snow to escape predators, but lesser snowfall is leaving them exposed.

All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter.

●Which best describes the writer's tone in the postage?

A. Approving.

B. Concerned.

C. Enthusiastic.

D. Doubtful.

推断作者的写作目的

（Case 1）“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,”he said.

●The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.

A. test the readers? knowledge about waves

B. draw the readers? attention to the topic

C. show Jamie Taylor?s importance

D. invite the readers to answer them (Case 2) A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the man's big family-his parents, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar.

Three months later the woman went back to her parents' home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house.

It went to the woman's home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husband's home.

●The writer wrote the story in order to________.

A. show that elephants are very clever

B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal

C. show that women care more for animals than men do

D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife

(2012高考湖北卷)Brrriiinnng. The alarm clock announces the start of another busy weekday in the morning. You jump out of bed, rush into the shower, into your clothes and out the door with hardly a moment to think. A stressful journey to work gets your blood pressure climbing. Once at the office, you glance through the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disasters. In that sort of mood, who can get down to work, particularly some creative, original problem-solving work?

The way most of us spend our mornings is exactly opposite to the conditions that promote flexible, open-minded thinking. Imaginative ideas are most likely to come to us when we?re unfocused. If you are one of those energetic morning people, your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed. Sleepy people?s lack of focus leads to an increase in creative problem solving. By not giving yourself time to tune into your wandering mind, you?re missing out on the surprising solutions it may offer.

The trip you take to work doesn?t help, either. The stress slows down the speed with which signals travel between neurons (神经细胞), making inspirations less likely to occur. And while we all should read a lot about what?s going on in the world, it would not make you feel good for sure, so put that news website or newspaper aside until after the day?s work is done.

So what would our mornings look like if we wanted to start them with a full capacity for creative problem solving? We?d set the alarm a few minutes early and lie awake in bed, following our thoughts where they lead. We?d stand a little longer under the warm water of t he shower, stopping thinking about tasks in favor of a few more minutes of relaxation. We?d take some deep breaths on our way to work, instead of complaining about heavy traffic. And once in the office—after we get a cup of coffee—we?d click on links not to the news of the day but to the funniest videos the web has to offer.

●What does the author imply about newspapers?

A. They are solution providers.

B. They are a source of inspiration.

C. They are normally full of bad news.

D. They are more educational than websites.

●The author writes the last paragraph in order to _______.

A. offer practical suggestions

B. summarize past experiences

C. advocate diverse ways of life

D. establish a routine for the future

推断文章出处

（Case 1）Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?”Read the following directions and see if you understand them.

To reduce pain, take two tablets(药片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.

For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount. For children under six years old, ask your doctor?s advice.

Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.

●This text is most probably taken from a ______.

A. textbook

B. newsreel

C. doctor?s notebook

D. bottle of medicine (Case2) More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.

Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the driver's responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind.

However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.

●This text is taken from _____.

A. a medical magazine

B. a police report

C. an advertisement

D. a government information booklet

【2012福建卷】At exactly eleven Sir Percival knocked and entered, with anxiety and worry in every line of his face. This meeting would decide his future life，and he obviously knew it. "You may wonder, Sir Percival,?? said Laura calmly, “if I am going to ask to be released (免除）from my promise to many you. I am not going to ask this. I respect my father's wishes too much.“His face relaxed a little, but one of his feet kept beating the carpet.

"No, if we are going to withdraw.(退出）from our planned marriage, it will be because of your wish, not mine.

“Mine?” he said in great surprise. “What reason could I have for withdrawing??

"A reason that is very hard to tell you," she answered. "There is a change in me. ”

His face went so pale that even his lips lost their color. He turned his head to one side.

"What change?" he asked, trying to appear calm.

“ When the promise was made two years ago, ” she said, 44 my love did not belong to anyone. Will you forgive me, Sir Percival, if I tell you that it now belongs to another person?”“I wish you to understand, “ Laura continued, “that I will never see this person again, and that if you leave me, you only allow mc to remain a single woman for the rest of my life. All I ask is that you forgive mc and keep my secret."

…I will do both those things, “ he said. Then he looked at Laura, as if he was waiting to hear more. "I think I have said enough to give you reason to withdraw from our marriage, “ she added quietly.“ No. You have said enough to make it the dearest wish of my life to marry you, “ he said.

●The passage is probably taken out of .

A. a novel

B. a report

C. a diary

D. an essay

推断下文内容

（Case1)When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities.

●The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about ____________.

A. fire

B. hunting

C. farming

D. urbanization

（Case2）the ability to capture your audience when you walk into a room is sure to start you off on the right foot when going on an interview. Non-verbal signals have five times the impact of verbal signals. So you can count on losing your audience when you walk in with head down, dragging your feet regardless how much you try to change it.

●What is mainly talked about in the next?

A. How to prepare for a job interview.

B. the way we walk says a lot about us.

C. How to read a person from the way he walks.

D. How to improve our health by walking.

课堂练习1

（2012江苏高考）Franz Kafka wrote that "a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us. " I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn't seem to require any explanation.

We?d just finished John Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. "Are you crying?" one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. "I am," I told her, "and the funny thing i s I've read it many times. "

But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I've taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more than I ever will, the novel's terrible logic—the giving way of dreams to fate .

For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works

of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school--one that often attracts the literary-minded children of Manhattan's upper classes—into a less competitive setting. The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates. I thought additional "cultural capital" could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned Ph. D.'s.

Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. The students didn't always read from the expected point of view. About The Red Pony, one student said, "it?s about being a man, it?s about manliness. " I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth's soliloquies (独白)read as raps (说唱) , but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbeck's writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that "all these people hate each other, and they're all white. " His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. Year after year former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.

Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.

●The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to________

A. realize our dreams

B. give support to our life

C. smooth away difficulties

D. awake our emotions

●The author writes the passage mainly to________.

A. introduce classic works of literature

B. advocate teaching literature to touch the heart

C. argue for equality among high school students

D. defend the current testing system

课堂练习2

【2012山东卷】The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru?s heartbreaking story could have one good consequence — other countries might learn from its mistakes.

For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization. The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship. He called the island Pleasant Island.

However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. The whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.

Nauru?s real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate (磷酸盐)on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which a very important fertilizer for farming. The company began mining the phosphate.

A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil. Then it takes away the material it wants. Strip mining totally destroys the land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.

In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.

Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem —their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.

●What might be the author?s purpose in writing the text?

A. To seek help for Nauru?s problems.

B. To give a warning to other countries

C. To show the importance of money

D. To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.

●What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?

A. The ecological damage is difficult to repair.

B. The leaders will take the experts? words seriously.

C. The island was abandoned by the Nauruans

D. The phosphate mines were destroyed

阅读理解专题-推理判断题

2015年阅读理解专题--推理判断题 一.考纲解读： 设题角度: (1)细节推断题 (2). 推断隐含意义 (3). 推断作者观点或态度 (4). 推断写作目的 (5). 推断文章出处 (6). 推断上下文内容等 4.设问方式:It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know/learn (about) that …is most likely . The writer’s attitude toward… is______. The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____. The passage implies that _____. In writing the passage, the author intends to _____. The passage is most likely to be taken from______. Where would this passage most probably appear? The next paragraph would most probably deal with _______ 二. 技巧点拨 1. 细节推断题。 根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等.一般可根据短文提供的信息,或结合生活常识来推断①要吃透文章的字面意思，捕捉有用的提示和线索②对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。③要忠实 于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知。 【题例1】In September, 1940, my mother, sister and I went to Swansea, where my father's ship was getting ready to sail, we brought him a family photograph to be kept with him at all times and keep him safe. (2011·湖南卷B篇)（1.5分钟） 61. We can infer that the mother and children went to Swansea ______. A. to meet a friend B. to see the father off C. to take a family photo D. to enjoy the sailing of the ship 【题例2】Understanding why members of her family and her friends would be there, AT asked why her dance teacher had traveled so far to see her compete(比赛). “She's always been my role model. I've danced with her since I was six. She's been through so many difficulties and came through them all. I've learned to get over bad life's experiences and learned how to move on because of her.”(the fourth paragraph) (2012·全国大纲卷 E篇)（2分钟） 57. Shelley takes her dance teachers as a role model mainly because she is ______. A. determined B. friendly C. strict D. experienced 2. 隐含意义题 这类题目往往要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事情。这类试题的题干中常含

高考英语阅读理解推理判断题

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