专题 阅读理解推理判断

专题阅读理解推理判断

一、推测寓意题

此类题目要求考生在把握故事大意的基础上提炼故事的寓意。充分理解故事内容挖掘作者写作的深层含义是解决这类题的关键。

例：There were smiling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway，wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved.

I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car，so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.

It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore，so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city，I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive，I decided to wave back.

From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time.

The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3∶00 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile，I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug．I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car.

I looked forward to the return journey.

75．What can we learn from the story?

A．Comfort in traveling by train.

B．Pleasure of living in the country.

C．Reading gives people delight.

D．Smiles brighten people up.

二、推测隐含意义题

要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。

这类试题的题干中常含infer(推断)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，indicate(暗示)，conclude(得出结论)，be likely to...等词语。

解答这类试题时，首先通过阅读找到相关信息点；然后研读，理解相关信息点的字面意义；结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。

选择答案时，注意排除以下干扰项，以便缩小选择范围：

1．原文信息的简单重复，而非推断出来的结论。(考生易误选)

2．推理过度的片面结论。

3．与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论等。

4．符合考生已有常识，但文章中没有信息支持。(考生易误选)

例：Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which have powerful effects on our minds and feelings. This clever use of words is what we call literary style(文体)．Above all，the real poet is a master of words. He can express his meaning in words which sing like music，and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them correctly，or they will make our speech silly and common.

60．In the last paragraph，what does the anthor suggest that we should do?

A．Use words skilfully. B．Make musical speeches.

C．Learn poems by heart. D．Associate with listeners.

三、推断作者的情感、观点、态度题

就是作者对于某人、某地或某事等字里行间所流露出来的情感，如高兴、兴奋、喜悦、满意、幸福、快乐、吃惊、忧虑、困惑、忧伤、憎恨等。题干中常有the author felt，feel about 等字眼。解答这类题要设身处地，站在作者的角度，才能体会出作者的真实情感。

要求考生推断作者对某人或某事物的看法或态度。常见的题干有：

1．The writer’s attitude toward...is ________.

2．What is the author’s opinion of...?

3．According to the author，________.

解答时，要根据作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。熟悉作者表达观点态度的词，如subjective (主观的)，objective(客观的)等。

例1：Modern inventions have speeded up people’s lives amazingly.

All this saves time, but at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet-lag; our bodies feel that they have been left behind in another time zone.

However, what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing，or even just one thing at a time.

...we must think of the hard tasks our ancestor faced: they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence.

70．What is the author’s attitude towards the modern technology?

A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Negative.

例2：My family and I lived across the street from Southway Park since I was four years old. Then just last year the city put a chain link fence around the park and started bulldozing (用推土机推平) the trees and grass to make way for a new apartment complex. When I saw the fence and bulldozers, I asked myself, “Why don’t they just leave it alone?

The neighborhood has changed without the park. The streets I used to play in are jammed with cars now. Things will never be the same again.

53．How did the writer feel when he saw the fence and bulldozers?

A．Scared. B．Confused. C．Upset. D．Curious.

例3：It’ll be a win-win project.

For China，such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources，but would also help develop China’s far west. We foresee that in the coming decades，millions of people will migrate to the western

regions，where the land is empty and resources unused. With high-speed trains，people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for all. And they’ll trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries.

69．Which of the following words best describe s the author’s attitude towards China’s high-speed railway plan?

A．Critical. B．Reserved. C．Doubtful. D. Positive.

四、推断作者身份题

解决此类问题时，要运用文段所叙述或描绘的事件、背景提供的信息进行推理判断；有时也要运用已有的经验、经历或常识进行推理判断。

例：Open Letter to an Editor

Our best hope in keeping our best reporters, copy editors, photographers, artists—everyone—is to work harder to make sure they get the help they are demanding to reach their potential. If we can’t do it, they’ll find someone who can. 62．Who probably wrote the letter?

A．An editor. B．An artist. C．A reporter. D．A reader.

五、推断读者身份题

这类试题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断出读者对象，即作者写这篇文章主要是写给谁看的。这类试题曾出现在广东卷、全国卷、北京卷、江西卷中。提问方式有：1．The text is written mainly for ________.

2．Who is the passage written for?

3．Who are the intended readers of the passage?

解答这类试题主要靠理解短文内容，特别要注意体会作者使用的词语和语气。

例：I know lots of women who skip breakfast (不吃早饭), and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it.

But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you’re

trying to lose weight. Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.

I put away the leftovers instead of eating more at night. Try it you may save yourself some pre-bedtime calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects. 44．The text is written mainly for those ________.

A．who go to work early

B．who want to lose weight

C．who stay up late

D．who eat before sleep

六、推断文中人物思想、情感、态度题

推断文章中人物性格的设题形式有：

1．What do we know about somebody in the text?

2．What kind of man somebody is?

3．Somebody can be said to be ________.

做这类题时一定要注意：

A．准确把握字里行间的意思，切忌用自己的观点代替作者的观点。

B．特别注意表达情感、态度和观点的词语。

例1：The car pulled slowly into the driveway and from the look on my mother’s face, I could tell that I was in deep trouble. My mother shut the car door and walked towards me. Her eyes glaring, she shouted, “What in the world were you thinking? I understood when you made castles out of leaves, and climbed the neighbors’ trees, but this! Come inside right now！”I stood there glaring back at her for a minute, angry

because she had insulted (侮辱) my art.

“Now go clean i t up！”Mother and I began cleaning the road. Tears ran down my cheeks as I saw my beautiful rainbow turn into black cement.

42．In his mother’s eyes, the writer ________.

A．was a born artist B．always caused trouble

C．was a problem solver D．worked very hard

例2：Fear plays no part in this latest problem. “I’m not afraid I’ll lose my children. I won’t lose my children. We live together, and nothing, nothing,”she repeats, her voice rising when speaking to John’s lawyer，“will stop me from being with my ch ildren...You are never going to win...”

While matters of money and care won’t be settled for weeks, Jane hardly puts her life on hold.

……“Some people try to knock me down—only to make me more fierce，more

protective，more determined to do better，”she says.“Go ahead，take me on. This will just make me stronger.”

60．Which word can best describe Jane?

A．Proud. B．Fierce. C．Determined. D．Independent.

七、推断文章出处

该类题的设题形式有：

1．The passage is most likely to be taken from ________.

2．Where would this passage most probably appear?

3．The passage is most likely a part of ________.

这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：

A．报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。

B．广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认。

C．产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。

例：Stefania was in a research program, and the scientists in the program were studying body rhythms (节奏)．In this experiment Stefania had spent 130 days in a cave, 30 feet in depth.

During her time in the cave, Stefania had been completely alone except for two white mice. The results were very interesting. How had she spent her time in the cave? The experiment showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature. 70．Where does the text probably come from?

A．A novel. B．A news story. C．A pet magazine. D．A travel guide.

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