高中英语阅读理解推理题及词义猜测题

高一英语专题培优

——阅读理解解题技巧

第三节：阅读理解之推理判断题

分析解读：

推理判断题考查学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，对作者的态度及文章细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力。考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实，在理解通篇文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意，并做出正确的推断，这是对文章深层次的把握，属于高层次的阅读理解。即根据阅读材料中所提供的已知信息，推断出未知部分。文章中没有明确的答案。要求考生从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法和观点。

技巧点拨：

1.常见提问方式：

(1) ?

(2) ?

(3) …?

(4) ’s ’s ?

(5) ?

(6) ?

(7) ?

(8) ’s 语气?

(9) ?

(10) ?

2.解答步骤：

（1）定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。

（2）字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。

（3）深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。

3.干扰项的特点：

（1）只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当做间接推理。（2）看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符，如因果倒置，手段变目的等。

（3）根据考生已有的常识来看是正确的，但是却不是基于文章

（4）推理过头，引申过度。

4. 注意：有时作者并未把意图说出来，我们可根据字面意思，通过研究语篇的逻辑关系和细节的暗示，来推敲作者的态度，进行深层理解。

典型例析：

一．推断隐含意义：

例： a ? a ? , a . . " ."

Q：.

A. B. .

C. .

D. .

练一练: a a , “I(蟑螂) (蜘蛛).”“?”. “,”, “I’m (房东) I I .”

Q: , .

A． B.

C. D. (昆虫)

技巧：这类题干中通常含有, , , , (暗示)等标志性词语。

解题步骤：1, 全面分析 2, 忠实原文 3, 不要选择表层信息

二．推断作者观点或态度：

例：, ‘s . , . I , France, India, Denmark Nigeria;

a . . ’s a ‘s, a .

Q：?

A. A .

B. .

C. .

D.

练一练: ’t ? I , (行贿)，.. , I’m .

Q: ’s ’s ?

A. B. C. D.

技巧：注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。站在作者的立场或角度思考答案。

表示态度的形容词：(1) 积极的 (9)

(2) 消极的 (10) 漠不关心的

(3) 乐观的 (11) 谨慎的

(4) 悲观的 (12) 惊讶的

(5) 客观的 (13) 同情的

(6) 主观的 (14) 支持的

(7) 羡慕的(15) 怀疑的

(8) 批评的 (16) 赞成的

（17）讽刺的（18）中立的

三．推断写作目的：

例：“ a a ? ?” University Edinburgh. “ a ,” .

Q：.

A. ’

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阅读理解之猜测词义

阅读理解之猜测词义 一. 解释: eg：It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is, it will break easily. eg：Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats. ◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎We are on the night shift --- working from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week. 二. 上下文: 1. e.g. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. e.g. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious . ◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. ◎If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft. 2. e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, but much shorter. e.g. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. eg：American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late. ◎One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever. ◎Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. ◎In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 3. e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. e.g. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. ◎Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 三. 构词法: 1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners 猜一猜: minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president e.g. We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care C prevent D to keep safe with guns e.g. Don’t listen to his nonsense. A having no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense 四. 举例子: e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. e.g. I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.

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高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题附答案

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