2017年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(第3套)

2017年6月大学英语四级真题及答案(三)

Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell some of the course books you used at college. Your advertisement may include a brief description of their content,their condition ,their price and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) 说明：2017年6月大学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听力.本套的听力容与第二套相同，因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。

Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate them again. During (26)_______ exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. Muscle performance can also be affected by a (27)_______ called "central fatigue,” in which an imbalance in the body’s chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from d irecting muscle movements

（28)_______. It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly (29) _______ in the exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes. To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate (碳水化合物的）(30)_______ either with a moderate dose of caffeine (咖啡因)，which is known to stimulate the central nervous system, or as a placebo (安慰剂）without, during 3 hours of (31)_______ . After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still (32)_______ their visual system. The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, (33)_______ their ability to capture new visual information. The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was (34)_______ to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying (35)_______ eye movement speeds. So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Section B

Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Team spirit

[A] Teams have become the basic building blocks of organizations. Recruitment advertisements routinely call for “team players”. Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team building. Teams are as old as civilization, of course: even Jesus had 12 co-workers. But a new report by Delo itte, “Global Human Capital Trends”, based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high. Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on (开始）it; and for the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.

[B] Companies are abandoning conventional functional departments and organising employees into

cross-disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards. Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy (等级体制).

[C] The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modem marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation places greater value on agility(灵活性).John Chambers, chairman of Cisco Systems Inc., a worldwide leader in electronics products, says that “we compete against market transitions (过渡)，not competitors. Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they t ake one or two. ” Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to hierarch y. The “millennials” (千禧一代) who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups.

[D] The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE and IBM) to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality(专业)and rank. The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, “Team of Teams' General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army’s hierarchical str ucture hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the insurgents it was fighting: decentralise authority to self-organising teams.

[E] A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon, it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, ‘Teams are not always the answer—teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making.” The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, “I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will genera te magic, producing something extraor dinary... But don’t count on it.”

[F] Hackman (who died in 2013) noted that teams are hampered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. High-flyers forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered. Groupthink may be unavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. If it is hard enough to define a team’s membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.

[G] Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time: America’s National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crew’s first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out, organisations increasingly use “team” as a verb rather than a noun: they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband them.

[H] The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams. They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism (感情用事)：the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action. They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more “inclusive” is a guarantee of dysfunction. Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s boss, says that “If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the team is too big.” They need to immunize teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best ones contain “deviants” (离经叛道者）who are willing to do something that maybe upsetting to others.

[I] A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does co nsulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are “engaged” is to give them more control over where and how they do their work―which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.

[J] However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Teambuilding skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional teams. Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction―employees routinely complain that they can’t get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices. Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

36.Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt action.

37.Decentralisation of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations.

38.In many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of teams.

39.Members of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work.

40.Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture.

41.According to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies.

42.Some team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team’s purpose.

43.Some scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to work wonders.

44.To ensure employees’ commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where

and how they work.

45.Product transitions take much less time now than in the past.

Section C

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

The Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research has shown.

Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidl rather than luxury alternatives.

This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK. It has shrunk from ￡1.19 billion in 2011 to ￡1.12 billion in 2015,according to a new report from market research company Mintel. Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to ￡1.11 billion in 2016.

In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2%, with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from ￡43 in 2014 to ￡41 in 2015.

Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper—including facial tissue and kitchen roll―to save money. “Strength，softness and thickness remain the leading indicators of toilet paper quality, with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious alternatives, such as those with flower patterns of perfume,said Mintel analyst Jack Duckett. ''These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer.”

While consumers are spending less on t oilet paper, they remain fussy―in theory at least—when it comes to paper quality. Top of Britons’ toilet paper wish list is softness (57%) followed by strength (45%)

and thickness (36%).

One in 10 buyers rand toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations, highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product quality. In a challenge for manufacturers, 81% of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46.The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because _____ .

A)Britons have cut their spending on it

B)its prices have gone up over the years

C)its quality has seen marked improvement

D)Britons have developed the habit of saving

47.What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?

A)It will expend in time.

B)It will remain gloomy.

C)It will experience ups and downs.

D)It will recover as population grows.

48.What does Jack Duckett say about toilet paper?

A)Special offers would promote its sales.

B)Consumers are loyal to certain brands.

C) Luxurious features add much to the price.

D) Consumers have a variety to choose from.

49. What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?

A) They are particular about the quality of toilet paper.

B) They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most.

C) They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper.

D) They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features.

50. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A) More and more Britons buy recycled toiler paper to protect the environment.

B) Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales.

C) Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve product quality.

D) Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

“One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger，” says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.

By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely.

In her study, participants were randomly (随机地）assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine (尼古丁）patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day.

Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.

And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they’d rather cut down gradually before quitting. “If you’re training for a marathon, you wouldn’t expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think,‘Well，if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice，’” says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn’t the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings (瘾）and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. “Regardless of your stated preference, if you’re ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,”says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. “When you can quote a specific number lik e a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that’s compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it，’’Ferreira says.

People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

51. What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?

A) She quit smoking with her daughter’s help.

B) She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.

C) She was also a researcher of tobacco and health.

D) She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers.

52.What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley’s study?

A) They were given physical training.

B) They were looked after by physicians.

C) They were encouraged by psychologists.

D) They were offered nicotine replacements.

53. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley’s experiment?

A) It is idealized.

B) It is unexpected.

C) It is encouraging.

D) It is misleading.

54. The idea of “a marathon”（Line 2, Para. 5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smoking

A) is something few can accomplish

B) needs some practice first

C) requires a lot of patience

D) is a challenge at the beginning

55. What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?

A) They find it even more difficult.

B) They are simply unable to make it.

C) They show fewer withdrawal symptoms.

D) They feel much less pain in the process.

P art IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域(river basin)是中国

古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

参考答案

翻译第三套答案：

黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域（river basin）是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。

The Yellow River is the third longest in Asia and thesixth longest in the world. The word “yellow” describes the perennial color of the muddy water. Originating inQinghai province, the Yellow River flows through nine provinces and finallyempties into the Bohai Sea. It is one of several rivers for China to live on.Its basin was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization and the mostprosperous region in early Chinese history. However, because of frequentdevastating floods, the river has caused many disasters. In the past fewdecades, the government has taken various measures to prevent disasters.

作文:【参考文】

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【参考译文】

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2017年英语四级真题及答案

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2017年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(第2套)

2017年6月大学英语四级真题及答案(二) Part I Writing (25 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a bicycle you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, features,condition and price, and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Questions 1 to 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) The majority of drivers prefer to drive and park themselves. B) Human drivers become easily distracted or tired while driving. C) Most drivers feel uncertain about the safety of self-driving cars. D) Most drivers have test driven cars with automatic braking features. 2. A) Their drivers would feel safe after getting used to the automatic devices. B) They would be unpopular with drivers who only trust their own skills. C) Their increased comfort levels have boosted their sales. D) They are not actually as safe as automakers advertise. Questions 3 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

2017年6月大学英语四级真题(第三套)

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2017年6月大学英语四级考试真题（一）听力原文【News Report 1】 One of Google's self-driving cars crashed into a bus in California last month. There were no injuries. It is not the first time one of Google's famed self-driving cars has been involved in a crash, but it may be the first time it has caused one. On February 14th the self-driving car, travelling at 2mph (3km/h), pulled out in front of a public bus going 15mph (24km/h). The man in the Google vehicle reported that he assumed the bus would slow down to let the car out, and so he did not switch to the manual mode. In a statement, Google said: "We clearly bear some responsibility, because if our car hadn't moved, there wouldn't have been a crash." That said, our test driver believed the bus was going to slow or stop to allow us to merge into the traffic, and that there would be sufficient space to do that." The company's self-driving cars have done well over a million miles across various states in the US, and until now have only reported minor accidents. Q1: According to Google, what was the cause of the accident? B）The test driver made a wrong judgement 解析：根据新闻第一句话，这篇新闻主要报道的是谷歌无人自动驾驶汽车与一辆公交车发生碰撞这一事故。根据原文“The man in the Google vehicle reported that he assumed the bus would slow down to let the car out, and so he did not switch to the manual mode.” 选项B是正确选项，是对原文的同义替换，题目较难。 Q2: How have Google’s self-driving cars performed so far? D）They have generally done quite well. 解析：根据原文“The company's self-driving cars have done well over a million miles across various states in the US, and until now have only reported minor accidents.” 选项D是对原文的同义替换。题目相对较难。 【News Report 2】 Thousands of bees left a town after landing on the back of a car when their queen got stuck in

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2017 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解（第3 套） Part I Writing 审题思路： 近年来关于医患关系问题的讨论非常热烈，学生对这一话题并不陌生。对于如何处理好医患关系（h ow to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients）可以从宏观角度进行讨论，如政府应该如何做；也可以从微观角度入手，即医生和患者应该怎么做，从而进一步转化成人与人之间的相处之道，如理解、信任等，再结合医患关系讨论即可。这样处理，相对前者要简单许多。当然，考生可以根据自己的认知和英语水平等实际情况，使自己的文章最大可能地出彩。 高分范文： Mutual Understanding Is Most Important When we talk about the relationship between doctors and patients, what comes into my mind is generally negative news. However, I believe there is a way for doctors and patients to get along harmoniously—that is mutual understanding. On the one hand, patients are helpless and worried when they go to hospital. So doctor’s attitude or response is critically important for them and their family. On the other hand, doctors have to face so many patients every day that they even have no time to take a rest. Such a high intensity of work could drive a man crazy. Thus, if they can stand in each other’s shoes, most problems could be solved. Otherwise, a doctor’s brief conclusion about the condition of patients might be regarded as cold blood and result in conflicts. Nowadays, much effort has been made to ease the tension of doctor-patient relationship. But I think the most effective one is mutual understanding and trust. 全文翻译： 相互理解最重要当我们谈论医患关系时，进入我脑海的多是负面新闻。然而，我相信医生和患者是可以做到和谐相处的，那就 是靠相互理解。一方面病人到医院看病的时候是无助的、忧虑的。因此，医生的态度或反馈对他们及其家人而言至关重要。另 一方面，医生每天要面对太多病人，以至于连休息的时间都没有。这种高强度的工作会把人逼疯。因此，如果他们能够站在对方的立场上思考问题，大多数问题就会迎刃而解。否则，医生对患者病情的简短结论可能会被患者认为是冷血，从而导致冲突。 当今社会为了缓和医患关系已经做出了很多努力。但是，我认为最有效的办法就是相互理解与信任。 Part ⅢReading Comprehension Section A 全文翻译： 众所周知，当提到（26）接触STEM（科学、技术、工程学、数学）课程时，公共教育体系存在巨大的空白。一个名为多丽·罗伯茨的教育者决心做些什么改变这一体系。多丽在高中教了11 年的工程学。她注意到，各个（27）等级的公共教育体系都存在着优质STEM 教育的巨大空白。她说，“在发现缺少数学、科学、工程学课程后，我创办了‘儿童工程学（EFK）’，让我的学生可以（28）报名。” 她决定开办一项课外活动，孩子们可以（29）参与以STEM 为基础的竞赛。该社团很快发展壮大，成员达到180 人，参加的孩子们获得了好几个州的（30）冠军，这时她决定全身心的投入到发展和（31）开发该课程中。全球企业EFK 由此诞生了。 多丽一开始在弗吉尼亚州自己的家里运营EFK，而后扩展到（32）当地的娱乐中心。如今，EFK 在美国32 个州及21 个国家（33）经营着超过144 家分公司。销售额已经从2014 年的500 万美元翻倍至2015 年的1，000 美元， 而且2016 年计划新开设25 家分公司。EFK 网站上写道，“我们国家（34）毕业的工程师并不够。我们的理念是从小就启迪孩子们，让他们理解工程师是一个伟大的（35）职业。” 详解详析： 26.答案：G）exposure 详解：名词辨析题。空格之前有固定表达when it comes to，其中to 是介词，故此处应填入名词或动名词。本句意为“众所周知，当提到STEM（科学、技术、工程学、数学）课程时，公共教育体系存在巨大的空白。”