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中考初中英语常用易混淆单词词组的区别.docx

中考初中英语常用易混淆单词词组的区别.docx
中考初中英语常用易混淆单词词组的区别.docx

中考初中英语常用易混淆单词词组的区

别用法

一、 how much和how many的区别用法

how much 和 how many 的区别: how much 用来询问事物的数量,后接不可数名词 ;how many 用来询问事物的数量,后接可数名词复数。

how much和 how many 的区别

1、所修饰词不同

how much用来修饰不可数名词,表示数量,也可单独使用。

how many用来修饰可数名词的复数,它的句式是 :How many+复数名词 +一般疑问句 +?

例句:

How much milk is there in the glass?

玻璃杯里有多少牛奶 ?

How many books are there on the desk?

有多少本书在桌子上 ?

2、用法不同

How much 表示多少钱,用来问价格。

例句:

How much is this dress?

这个连衣裙多少钱 ?

How many 表示多少,用来问数量。

例句:

How many apples do you have?

你有多少苹果 ?

二、 in 和 on 的区别用法

当我们表示某些东西被其他东西所包围时使用“in”这个词。而“on”用于描述物体被放置在其他物体上方或外部的情况。in 可表时间,表地点,表手段、方法、材料。 on 表示时间、地点、方位等。

in 和 on 区别

一、意思不同

in : prep.在...里;在...地方;在...期间

on: prep.在...之上

二、用法不同

in : in 着重一段时间的过程 , 常用于重复动作或延续动作。 in 表示从现在

时间算起推移到将来的一段时间之后 , 一般与将来时态连用。

例句:

He is a layman in economics.

他对经济学一窍不通。

on:表示“在物体的表面上” ,只能用 on 的表达方式有 on the next morning ,on the following。

例句:

The spider is walking on the ceiling.

蜘蛛在天花板上爬行。

三、侧重点不同

in :表示“在其中”。

on:表示“在表面”。

三、 if 和 whether的区别用法

if 和 whether 的区:if 和 whether 在从句中,都表“是否”,可用, if 更口化,whether 正式些。当有 or not ,一般用 whether ,而不用 if。

if和whether的区

1、or not放在whether之后,只能用whether 不用 if 。

例句:

I don ’ t know whether or not he will come.

我不知道他是不是回来。

注:如果 or not放在whether所引的从句句尾,可以用if来替。

I don ’ t know whether/if he will come or not.

我不知道他是不是回来。

2、在任意 , 用 whether ? or, 此不用 if替whether。

例句:

He asked me whether I wanted to go there by train or by bus.

他我是想乘火是坐公共汽去那里。

注: whether 和 or 一起还有“不管”之意 , 引导让步状语从句。

Whether he drives or takes the train, he will be here on time.

不管开车来还是乘火车来,他都会准时到。

3、虽引导宾语从句,但为了强调宾语部分,也可把从句放在句首,此时只用 whether 不用 if 。

例句:

Whether he will come I am not sure.

他是不是来我拿不准。

4、从句作介词宾语时只用whether 不用 if 。

例句:

It depends on whether it will be fine.

那得看是不是晴天。

5、作 discuss 等动词的宾语时,用whether 不用 if 。

例句:

We discussed whether we should close the shop.

我们讨论是不是该关掉商店。

6、句子中有 if引导的条件句,如再有表示“是否”的宾语从句,用whether 不用 if 。

例句:

He asked me whether I’d move to New York if I got the job.

他问我如果我得到那份工作是否会搬家到纽约。

7、容易产生歧义时用whether 不用 if来表示“是否”。

例句:

Please let me know if you need help.

如果你需要帮助请告诉我。

8、如果宾语从句为否定句时,则只用if不用whether。

例句:

I don ’ t know if it won't rain tomorrow..

我不知道明天是不是会下雨。

四、 or 和 and 的区别用法

并列结构中, or 通常用于否定句, and 用于肯定句。但有时 and 也可用于否定句。 or 用于连接并列的单词、词组、短语或句子 ,表示 "或者 "的意思。 or 用在选择疑问句中 ,灵活译为 "还是 "。

1 or 和 and 有什么区别

一、并列结构中, and 用于肯定句, or 通常用于否定句表示“和,与”之意。

1、Sue and I left early.

我和休早离开了。

2、He can't read or write.

他不会读,不会写。

二、 or 用在选择疑问句中,意为“或者,还是”。and不可用于疑问句。

1、Are you coming or not?

你来还是不来?

2、Is your sister older or younger than you?

你的姐妹比你大还是小?

三、固定搭配不同

or 在句型“祈使句 +or+述句”中,表示在以祈使句条件下的相反假,

or 意“否,要不然”。

either?or 意思 "或者??或者?? "。注意的主一致采用就近原。

2 and和or用法例句

1.并列构中, and 用于肯定句, or 通常用于否定句表示“和,与”之意。

There are some students and teachers on the playground.

2.or 用在疑句中,意“或者,是”。例如:

Is he a doctor or a teacher? 他是医生是教?

3.or 在句型“祈使句 +or+述句”中,表示在以祈使句条件下的相反假, or 意“否,要不然”。例如:

Work hard,or you will fall behind. 你要努力学,否会落后。

4.either? or 意思 "或者??或者?? "。注意的主一致采用就近原。例如:

Either you or I am right. 不是你,就是我。

5.or 在“either ? or?”构中,意“要么??要么??”。的并列成份可在句中作主、表、、等。

6.or 表示不确切、模糊的陈述。例如:

This story happened five or six years ago.这个故事发生在四、五年前。

五、 some和any的区别用法

some和 any 的区别:

肯定句中用 some,否定 / 疑问要用 any 换

some和 any 的用法

1、some和 any 都表示一些 , 两者既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数

名词。前者用于肯定陈述及委婉请求 , 后者用于否定句及一般疑问句。

例句 :

I have some books.

I don't have any books.

Would you like some coffee?

Is there any coffee in your cup?

2、在表示建议 , 反问 , 请求的疑问句中 , 或期望得到肯定回答时, 多用 some 而不用 any。

例句:

Would you like some coffee?

What about some fruit juice?

3、当说话人认为对方的答复将是肯定的时候,some便可用于疑问句。

例句:

Didn't you give him some ticket

4、当 any 表示“任何”的意思 , 起强调作用时 , 它可以用在肯定句中。

例句:

Any student can answer this question.

5、any 可以和 not 以外其他有否定含义的词连用,表达否定的概念。

例句:

He never had any regular schooling.

I can answer your question without any hesitation.

六、 offer与provide的区别用法

offer: 主动提供;重点在于主动 ; offer to do: 主动做某事。搭配:offer sb. sth./ offer sth. to sb.provide:大批量地提供。搭配: provide sth. for sb./ provide sb. with sth.

provide和offer的区别

provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西,仅

仅是出于某种责任,强调提供必须或有用的东西,尤其是生活用品。常用于peovide sb with sth或provide sth for sb的固定搭配中。

offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer sb sth 或 offer sth to sb 的固定搭配。例如: offer help to sb 主动提出帮助某人; offer sb a good salary给某人一个好工资。

provide和offer的用法

首先在语义上, provide 仅表示“提供”,而offer强调“主动提供”。

其次在语法和搭配上, offer后可跟双宾语,而provide 后不可跟双宾语

最后在搭配上, offer可组成词组offer sb. sth./offer sth. to sb.;provide 可组成短语 provide sb. with sth./provide sth. for sb.

七、 include和contain的区别用法

include 与 contain 两者均可表示“包含”,但有区别: include 的宾语只能

是整体中的一部分或是其要素之一,而不能是所谈事物的全体或所有要素。contain 表示“包含”,其实是指其内装有。

1 include与contain的区别

两者均可表示“包含”,但有区别:

1. include 的宾语只能是整体中的一部分或是其要素之一,而不能是所谈事

物的全体或所有要素。如:

Does the bill include a tip? 账单包括小费在内吗 ?

Five were killed, including a baby. 共有六人死亡,其中有一个婴儿。

2.contain 表示“包含”,其实是指其内装有,即指某种较大的东西内装

有较小的东西,其宾语可以是整体的一部分,也可以是其全体。如:

The box contains soap. 这只箱子装着肥皂。

Sea water contains salt. 海水中含有盐分。

2contain 和 include的用法

contain,include 的区别:都有“包含”的意思,但 contain 可用于表示包含所含之物的的全部或部分,而 include 则只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分。例如:

The parcel included a dictionary. 那包裹里也包括了一本字典。

The parcel contained a dictionary. 那包裹里装的是一本字典。

include: 包括;包含

include 是三个词中最普通的,指在整体中能明确界定的几个部分。

e.g. The health club includes a gym,mming pool , and locker room.

健身俱乐部包括体操房,游泳池和更衣室。

Our ten-day tour include a visit to New York .

我们十天的旅行包括参观纽约。

contain: 包含,含有,装有

更具体地说, contain 指一个较大事物中所容纳的分离部分,有封闭于一

个整体的感觉。

e.g. The bowl contains a variety of fruit. 碗里装有各种水果。

This bottle contains two glasses of beer. 这个瓶子装了两杯啤洒。

involve: 必须包含某种结果,牵涉,包含

include 和 contain 都指具体的物质的实体和它们的各部分, involve 侧重于非实体的事物及要素。

e.g. Taking the job involves abroad for three years. 接受这份工作就必须到国外居住三年。

I didn't realize putting on a play involved so much work.

我那时不了解演一场戏竟要做那么多的工作。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6c12780452.html,bination 着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同的目的而结合

在一起 ,结合后原来的部分可能仍然不会改变或生气其本来性质 . The combonation

of milk and water.partnership 多指经济、生意上的合伙关系。 alliance 多用于指国

家之间的联盟。 union 有着更深层的含义,指“a combined group”,各部分完全、彻底、综合、和谐地,协调地合作,常指“联邦,合众国” ,如 :the Soviet Union,the United States,另外它常指一些社会团体,如 the trade union , the students' union ,the labor union(工会,学生会等)

3.demonstrate 指用实例说明 ,展示 ,目的是告诉别人如何使用或操作.

如:He demonstrateed how to use the new computer

exhibit 指公开的展示 ,特别是展示值得观赏的东西 .she exhibi t her paintings

at agallery.

reveal:显示 "," 揭示 "reveal 的对象一般原来是隐藏或隐秘不为人所知的.

The company is set to reveal its new product this afternoon.

一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷

1.阅读理解

Jenny looked at the store window. There was nothing that she wanted more than a

Happy Hannah doll. It was $29.95. Unluckily, Jenny didn't even have the 95 cents.

As she crossed the street, she thought about doing her brother's housework, cleaning the

floor, washing the dishes all month, but even then she would have only eleven dollars. Suddenly, something small and pink in the snow caught her eyes.

Jenny walked over and picked it up from the snow. It was a beautiful wallet. She opened the

wallet and found many dollars and a woman's driver's license in it. Jenny put the wallet into her

bag quickly. She turned around and walked back.

Jenny's heart beat( 跳动 ) fast as she went into the store. She had long dreamed about this moment, but something didn't feel right. As she got to the Happy Hannah dolls, she pushed away her feelings. She grabbed( 抓起 ) one and walked toward the checkout.

As Jenny was waiting to pay, her mobile phone rang. It was her grandma. Jenny's heart was suddenly filled with love and warmth when she thought of her. She put the doll down and answered the phone.

“ Hi, Grandma? I'm going to be a little bit late tonight...Alright...I love you, too.

store and walked all the way to 301 West Street. The woman who answered the door

looked sad.

“ Here, I found this in the snow,” Jenny said.

“ Oh, good God! This is the money for the orphanage(孤儿院 )! Thank you!”

After doing her brother's housework for three months, Jenny finally got a Happy Hannah doll. She was so happy because she could play with her doll and look her grandma in the eye.

(1) What did Jenny find in the snow?

A. A bag.

B. A wallet.

C. A doll.

D. A mobile phone.(2) How did Jenny feel when she thought of her grandma?

A. Moved.

B. Surprised.(3) Why did Jenny go to 301 West Street?

A. To find a toy store.

C. To return the money.

(4) What did Jenny do to get the doll?

C. Nervous.

D. Warm.

B. To visit the orphanage.

D. To look after the woman.

A. She did her brother's housework for three months.

B. She asked her grandma to buy it for her.

C. She took some money from the woman.

D. She cleaned the floor in the store for all month.

(5) What do we know from the story?

A. The girl is kind and never does wrong.

B. The girl's grandma has a great influence on her.

C. The woman is mean and never helps others.

D. The girl didn't have a Happy Hannah doll in the end.

【答案】(1)B

(2) D

(3) C

(4) A

(5) B

【解析】【分析】本文叙述了有一次詹妮在雪地里捡起了一个钱包,她本想去拿着这钱去

买一个自己喜欢的洋娃娃,可是当她想付钱的时候,她接到了祖母的电话,她想起来祖母,于

是就放弃了用捡来的钱来买东西的想法,把钱包物归原主了,决定通过给她的弟弟做三个月的作

业,最后得到了自己想要的洋娃娃。

(1)细节理解题。根据 Jenny walked over and picked it up from the snow. It was a beautiful

wallet.可知,詹妮在雪地里捡起的是钱包。故选B。( 2)细节理解题。根据As Jenny was

waiting to pay, her mobile phone rang. It was her grandma. Jenny's heart was suddenly filled

with love and warmth when she thought of her.可知,詹妮当想起她的祖母的时候,她感觉很

温暖。故选D。

(3)细节理解题。根据 Jenny left the store and walked all the way to 301 West Street. The

Jenny said woman who answered the door looked sad.“ Here, I found this in the snow,可知,詹”

妮去 301 西街是去还钱包。故选C。

(4)细节理解题。根据 After doing her brother's housework for three months, Jenny finally got

a Happy Hannah doll. 可知,詹妮通过给她的弟弟做了三个月的作业,最后得到了自己想要

的洋娃娃。故选A。

(5)推理判断题。根据 Jenny's heart was suddenly filled with love and warmth when she

thought of her.She was so happy because she could play with her doll and look her grandma in

the eye. 可知,詹妮特别尊重自己的祖母,看重祖母的看法。可推知她的祖母对她影响很大。

故选。

【点评】推理判断题是每年中考的必考题型之一,也是英语阅读理解中难度较大的题型,属

于深层理解题。它要求学生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理,也就

是要运用逻辑推理能力推论出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义,即英语中所说的

“read between the lines 。因”此,学生应在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信

息出发,运用逻辑思维,并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理,在已知和未知信息之间搭起

桥梁,透过字里行间,体会“弦外之音”,从而揭示文章的深层涵义。

2.阅读理解

A wealthy man asked an old scholar to tell his son away from his bad habits. The scholar

took the young man for a walk through a garden. Stopping suddenly, he told the boy to pull out a

tiny plant growing there.

The young man made it easily. The old man then asked him to pull out a little bigger plant.

The young man pulled hard and the plant came out with its roots. “ Now pull out that on the old man, pointing to a little tree. The boy had to use all his strength to pull it out.

“ Now take this one out,” said the old man, pointingbigorangeat tree. The young man held

the trunk ( 树干 ) and tried to pull it out. But it would not move.“ It's impossible”panting ( 喘息 ) with the effort.

“ So it is with bad habits,” said the old man.“ When they are young,hemitoutiseasy. to pull t But when they go deeply, they cannot be uprooted.”

The conversation with the old man changed the boy's life.

(1) The scholar asked the young man to take a walk with him in the__________.

A. forest

B. park

C. garden

D. school

(2) The scholar asked the young man to pull out plants for _____times.

A. four

B. two

C. three

D. five (3) According to the passage, the scholar must be __________.

A. a stupid man

B. a lazy man

C. a wise man

D. a funny man (4) This passage mainly talks about___________.

A. we need exercise more to pull trees out

B. how to get away from bad habits

C. talking with a scholar is very important

D. the earlier getting away from bad habits, the better

【答案】(1) C

(2) A

(3) C

(4) D

【解析】【分析】短文大意:一个富人请求一位智者去除儿子的坏习惯。智者把这个孩子

带到了公园,要求这个年轻人先后四次拔出植物,由易到难,去除坏习惯也是如此,当它

们还不明显的时候,去除它们很容易,但是当它们深深扎根的时候,就难以去除了。智者

的这堂特殊的课改掉了孩子的坏习惯,改变了男孩的一生。

(1) C 细节理解题。根据短文第一段中的句子“The scholar took the young man for a walk

through a garden. 可知”,智者让青年人在花园里与他一起散步,故答案为(2) A 细节理解题。根据短文中出现的句子to pull out a tiny plant

C。

, to pull out a little

bigger plant. Now pull out that one, said the old man, pointing to a little tree.“ Now take this

one out,” said the old man, pointing a tbig orange tree.可知,智者要求这个年轻人先后四次

拔出植物。故答案为A。

(3)C 推理判断题。智者要求这个年轻人先后四次拔出植物,由易到难,去除坏习惯也是

如此,当它们还不明显的时候,去除它们很容易,但是当它们深深扎根的时候,就难以去

除了。智者的这堂特殊的课改掉了孩子的坏习惯,改变了男孩的一生,足以说明智者的聪

明之处,故答案选C。

(4) D 主旨大意题。根据短文倒数第二段智者的话:“So it is with bad habits,” said the old man.“ When they are young, it is easy to pull them out. But when t hey go deeply, they cannot

be uprooted. 可”知,坏习惯要及早的去除,越早远离坏习惯,越好。故答案为D。

【点评】主旨大意题(主题、标题)在阅读理解中经常会出现。第四小题适合用捕捉主旨

大意来解题。所谓主旨大意,也就是文章的中心思想,主题思想,中心观点,它常常针对

文章的主题,作者的写作意图,文章段落的中心思想进行提问,这类题也叫归纳概括题。

文中智者用拔植物的难易来类比坏习惯的去除也是如此。当它们还不明显的时候,去除它

们很容易,但是当它们深深扎根的时候,就难以去除了。也就是说越早远离坏习惯越好。

答案为 D。

3.根据表格所提供的信息选择最佳答案。

The Volunteers for the Ice and Snow Festival

Name

Item

Jack

Du Yue Mike Zhang Na

Age25283128

Nationality American Chinese English Chinese

Job Coach Nurse Singer Tour guide Personality Friendly Quiet Humorous Outgoing Volunteering Helping during the Volunteering at an Teaching children Working at an experience(s)City At Festival in animal hospital in music at school in animal care 20162013 and 2015the countryside centre twice Word Box: item 项目; personality 性格

(1) Jack helped during the City Art Festival.

A. in 2013

B. in 2015

C. in 2016

(2) Mike is Zhang Na.

C. three years younger than

A. three years older than

B. as old as

(3) Du Yue and Zhang Na.

A. have similar volunteering experiences

B. come from different countries

C. have the same personality

(4) If someone is hurt during the Ice and Snow Festival, A. Jack B. Du Yue

(5) Which of the following is TRUE according to the form(

A. Mike who taught children music is humorous.

B. The two girls volunteered at the Olympics.

C. Jack from England is a tour guide.

may be the most suitable to help.

C. Mike

表格 )above?

【答案】(1)C

(2) A

(3) A

(4) B

(5) A

【解析】【分析】主要讲了冰雪节的一些志愿者信息。

(1)细节题。根据 Jack 这一竖排中 Helping during the City Art Festival in 2016 ,可知在 2016年帮助常识艺术家,故选C。

(2)细节题。根据 Age 这一横排中可知 Mike 年龄是 31 岁,Zhang Na 年龄是 28 岁,Mike 比 Zhang Na 大 3 岁,故选 A。

( 3)细节题。根据 Volunteering experience(s)这一横排中可知Du Yue和 Zhang Na 可知她们都在宠物医院工作过,所以她们有相似的工作经验,故选A。

(4)细节题。根据 Job 这一栏可知 Du Yue工作是护士,所以在冰雪节有人受伤时她可以

帮助,故选 B。

( 5)细节题。根据Mike 这一竖排 Teaching children music at school in the countryside和Humorous可知Mike在学校教孩子音乐,并且性格是幽默的,故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解,主要考查细节题,注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

4.阅读理解

What could a poem writer and a film director share? More than you think ! Langston Hughes began writing poems in high school and soon became one of America's greatest writers. Most

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