高中英语牛津上海版高中二年级第一学期现在完成进行时巩固提升与复习

现在完成进行时

现在完成时

（1）现在完成时除可以和for, since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last few years/months/weeks, in recent years等。

例：Great changes have taken place in the last few years in our hometown.

过去几年我们的家乡发生了巨大变化。

（2）下列句型中常用现在完成时：

It is/has been +一段时间+ since从句

This/That/It is the first/second time that+完成时

This/That/It is the only...+that+完成时

This/That/It is the best/finest/most interesting...+that从句+完成时

例：It is the second time that I have been to Shanghai. 这是我第二次来上海。

2. 现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时表示到现在为止一直进行的动作，这个动作可能仍在进行，也可能停止了。现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has+been+v-ing”构成；否定形式have/has+not+been+ v-ing；疑问形式是将have/has提前。

例：①—Hi, Tracy, you look tired. 嗨，特蕾西！你看上去很累。

—Yes. I have been working all the time. 是的，我一直都在工作。

①The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.

中国人造纸已有2000年历史了。

①I have been telling him to study hard. 我一直告诉他学习要刻苦学习。

基本用法：

（1）表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。

例：①I have been waiting you for about one hour.

我等你大约一个小时了。（说话时“等”的动作刚结束）

①She has been working all night long. 她工作了一夜。（说话时“工作”的动作刚结束）

（2）表示从过去某时开始的动作一直延续到说话时还在继续进行，并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。

例：①They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。

①It has been raining for 3 days. 雨下了三天了。

（3）表示一个过去的动作对现在的影响或造成的结果（相当于现在完成时）。

例：①She has been doing too much work. 她做的工作太多了。

①Who has been insulting you? 谁欺负你了？

（4）表示重复（指断断续续，而非一直不停）

例：①We have been discussing the matter several times this year.

我们今年已讨论那件事数次了。

①I have been saying goodbye to some friends today. 我今天同好几个朋友告了别。

（5）现在完成进行时多用持续性动词，如live, learn, lie, stay, wait, stand, rest, study等；常和all the time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等状语连用。

例：①What have you been doing recently? 你最近一直在做什么？

①I have been fixing the fridge all this morning. 我一上午都在修理冰箱。

3.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较

（1）现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成，或者在过去曾经发生过的动作；现在完成时往往表示仍将继续下去的动作。

例：①I have written an article. 我写了一篇文章。（已完成）

①I have been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。（还在写）

①They have built a ship. 他们建了一艘船。（已完成）

①They have been building a ship. 他们一直在建一艘船。（还在进行）

（2）当现在完成进行时表示刚刚结束时，现在完成时强调动作的结果，现在完成进行时则强调动作在不久以前持续进行的情景，并带有感情色彩。

例：①Now we have cleaned the room, we can move the things in.

现在房子打扫好了，我们可以往里搬东西了。（强调打扫完了的结果）

①—You look so tired. What have you been doing? 你看起来很累，你干什么了？

—I've been playing football. 我踢足球了。（强调不久前踢球的情景）

（3）有些静态动词只能用于现在完成时，一般不能用于现在完成进行时。

例：①I’ve known him for many years. 我认识他有许多年了。

①The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。

（4）有少数动词（如live, work, teach, study等）用两种时态都可以，意思差别不大。

例：①I’ve lived/been living here for 30 years. 我在这儿住了30年了。

①How long have you worked/been working here? 你在这里工作多久了?

（1）现在完成进行时不与状态动词连用如：include, believe, belong, doubt, agree, know, have, 注：

wish, want, love, hate, own等。

例：They have always had a big house. 他们一直有个大房子。

（2）现在完成进行时没有被动语态

例：They have been repairing the house. （√）他们一直在修房子。

The house has been being repaired.（×）

时态语态综合讲解

在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中之重，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。

1.一般现在时

一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。

用所给词的适当形式填空：

①I'll go there after I ________(finish) my work.

①The water will be further polluted unless some measures ________(take)．

①My train ________(leave) at 6：30.

①A snow ________(expect) to come next week.

①On the wall ________(hang) a picture.

①This kind of cloth ________(wash) well.

①Don't take it away. It ________(belong) to me.

①He said water________(boil) at 100 ①.

2. 一般过去时和现在完成时

一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，just now，last year，the other day等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。

现在完成时(标志词：since，in the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so far＝up to now ＝up until now＝by now，already，yet，several/many/...times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。

请区别下列几组句子：

①He has lived in London for three years.(现在还住在伦敦)

He lived in London for three years.(现在不在伦敦了)

①It's two years since he smoked.(他不抽烟已两年了)

It's two years since he began to smoke.(他抽烟已有两年了)

①This is the first/second/...time (that) I have_visited the school.

This was the first/second/...time I had_visited the school.

① He was writing a book last year.(去年他在写一本书)

He wrote a book last year.(去年他写了一本书)

①I thought he was an American.(我原以为他是美国人)

I think he is an American.(我想他是美国人)

用所给词的适当形式填空：

①—I haven't seen you for ages. Haven't you graduated from college?

—Yes. I________(study) English for four years in Nanjing University.

①Where ________ you________(put) my book? I can't find it anywhere.

①Although he has lived with us for years，he ________(not leave) us much impression.

①My brother is an actor. He ________(appear) in several films in the past few years.

①—Li Pin may not come tonight.

—But he ________(promise)．

3. 过去完成时和将来完成时

过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。常用的时间状语有：by then，by that time，by the end of，before 2000，by the time，hardly/scarcely/rarely...when...和no sooner...than...

[注]表示原打算做但未做的几种表达：

①I had hoped/expected/meant/intended/... to do...，but...

＝I hoped/expected/... to have done...，but...

＝I would like/love to have done...，but...

＝I was to have done...，but...

＝I was going to do...，but...

＝I would have done...，but...

①I was coming/leaving/arriving/..., but...

将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by＋将来的某个时间”。如：

They will have completed the project by the end of next year.

用所给词的适当形式填空：

①Helen ________(leave) her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ________(come) home.

①I ________(hope) to meet Mr. Thompson this morning，but I found nobody left in the room.

①By the time he ________(return) home，the work had been finished.

By the time he returns home，the work ____________(finish)．

①We plan to reach the North Pole in mid－July，and by then we ____________(walk) for six weeks.

4. 现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成进行时和将来进行时

现在进行时表示现在正在进行的情况，计划、安排要做的事，还可以表示反复出现的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always，continually，constantly连用；

过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作，还可以表示过去的将来动作；

现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性，还可以表示感情色彩；

将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。

用所给词的适当形式填空：

①—Have you moved into the new house?

—Not yet. The rooms ____________(paint)．

①My father ________(fall) while he ________(ride) his bicycle and ________(hurt) himself.

①—Why are her eyes red?

—She ____________(cry)．

①He ____________(fly) over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow.

①You ________ always ________(watch) TV. Why not do something more active?

①—Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?

—No，but we ________(try) to get in touch with them ever since.

5. 一般将来时

注意区别will do，be going to do，be about to do，be doing，be to do：

①will do表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势，此外，还表示临时决定；

①be going to do表示计划、打算要做某事，还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断；

①be about to do表示立即的将来，因此，不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用；

①有些动词如come，go，arrive，leave，begin等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状态；

①be to do表示按计划或安排要做的事，意为“应该；想，打算；注定会”。

用所给词的适当形式填空：

①Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your safety belt. The plane________(take) off.

①Look at the timetable. Flight 4026 ________(take) off at 18：20.

①If you ____________(succeed)，you should work hard.

①Look at the dark clouds. It ____________(rain)．

①—The light is still on.

—Sorry. I ________(go) and turn it off.

6. get＋过去分词

“get＋过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。

用所给词的适当形式填空：

①The patient ________(treat) once a week.

①He fell off the building and ________(kill)．

7. 主动形式表示被动意义

需用主动形式表示被动意义的情况：

①当系动词feel，look，smell，taste，sound，prove，remain，stay等后面接形容词时；

①当cut，read，sell，wear，write 等词有状语easily，well等修饰时；

①measure，weigh，add up to后接数字时；

①在“be＋形容词＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动意义。如：

The problem is easy to solve.

①need，want，require，deserve后接动名词主动形式，相当于to be done。如：

The watch needs repairing.

He deserves praising.

①be worth后接动名词主动形式表示被动意义。如：

The book is well worth buying.

①固定短语be to blame，be to let。

①The water ________ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.

A. was felt

B. was to feel

C. felt

D. was to be felt

①I feel it is your husband who ________ for the spoiled child.

A. is to blame

B. is going to blame

C. is to be blamed

D. should blame

①Doctors and medical supplies ________ to the scene of the accident soon after the coal

mine explosion.

A. had rushed

B. were rushed

C. were rushing

D. rushed

①The moment the 28th Olympic Games ________ open，the whole world cheered.

A. declared

B. have been declared

C. have declared

D. were declared

①—Why did you leave that position?

—I________ a better position at IBM.

A. offer

B. offered

C. am offered

D. was offered

①—How are the team playing?

—They are playing well，but one of them ________ hurt.

A. got

B. gets

C. were

D. is

①I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ________ the cloth ________ well.

A. have told；washes

B. have been told；washes

C. was told；was washed

D. have been told；is washed

8. 感官动词和使役动词的被动语态

感官动词和使役动词的宾补是动词原形，改成被动语态时要加to。

将下列句子改为被动语态：

①I saw him fall down.

He was seen____________．

①I made him wash the dishes.

He was made____________．

9. “据说/据报道/……”的表达

Somebody is(was)said/reported/believed/thought/known to...意为“据说/据报道/大家认为/众所周之/人们认为……”。

此时，动词不定式有三种形式，即to do, to be doing和to have done。到底用哪种形式，可用下面的方法来辨别：

把不定式的动作发生的时间和谓语的动作发生的时间相比较：

动词不定式动作先于谓语动作发生：用to have done；

动词不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生：用to be doing；

动词不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后或同为经常性：用to do。

①The bank is reported in the local newspaper ________ in broad daylight yesterday.

A. being robbed

B. having been robbed

C. to have been robbed

D. robbed

①Wang Ming is said ________ abroad, but I am not sure which country it was.

A. to study

B. to have studied

C. to be studying

D. to have been studying

①Linda is thought ________ in Africa, but I really don't know what country she's working in.

A. to have worked

B. to work

C. to be working

D. working

10. 不用被动语态的动词或动词短语

appear，disappear，occur，benefit，end，begin，happen，last，spread，break out，take place，belong to，come about，suffer from等。

用所给词的适当形式填空：

① The place caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building ____________(remain) now.

① The medicine ____________(prove) vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain.

1. Whenever you ________ a present, you should think about it from the receiver's point of view.

A. bought

B. have bought

C. will buy

D. buy

2.—Tony, why are your eyes red?

—I ________ up peppers for the last five minutes.

A. cut

B. was cutting

C. had cut

D. have

been cutting

3.—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?

—Well, the media ________ it in a variety of forms.

A. cover

B. will cover

C. have covered

D. covered

4. James has just arrived, but I didn't know he ________ until yesterday.

A. will come

B. was coming

C. had come

D. came

5. You'd better write down her phone number before you ________ it.

A. forget

B. are forgetting

C. forgot

D. will forget

6. During the last three decades，the number of people participating in physical fitness programmes ________ sharply.

A. was increasing

B. has increased

C. had increased

D. will be increasing

7.—Could I use your car tomorrow morning?

—Sure. I ________ a report at home.

A. will be writing

B. will have written

C. have written

D. have been writing

8. I didn't think I'd like the movie，but actually it ________ pretty good.

A. has been

B. was

C. had been

D. would be

9. I ________ to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.

A. come

B. came

C. am coming

D. was coming

10. The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he ________ some European business partners.

A. would meet

B. is meeting

C. meets

D. had met

三、课堂练习

( )1.I won’t tell the students the answer to the maths problem until they _______ on it for more than an hour.

A.have been working

B.will have work

C.will have been working

D.had worked

( )2.My brother is an actor. He _______ in several films so far.

A.appears

B.appeared

C.has appeared

D.is appearing

( )3.—How long _______ like this?

—Two weeks! It’s usual here that rain _______ without stopping these days.

A.has it rained; pours

B.has it been raining; pours

C.is it raining; is pouring

D.does it rain; pours

( )4.Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science _____ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill.

A.showed

B.has shown

C.will show

D.is showing

( )5.Great changes _______ in the city, and a lot of factories _______.

A.have been taken place; have been set up

B.have taken place; have been set up

C.have taken place; have set up

D.were taken place; were set up

( )6.The country life he was used to _______ greatly since 1992.

A.change

B.has changed

C.changing

D.have changed

( )7.He is ill. He _______ in bed for 3 weeks.

A.is lying

B.has been lying

C.has lain

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f19338302.html,y

( )8.—The window is dirty.

—I know. It _______ for weeks.

A.hasn’t cleaned

B.didn’t clean

C.wasn’t cleaned

D.hasn’t been cleaned

( )9.—Who is Jerry?

—_______? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.

A.Don’t you meet him yet

B.Hadn’t you met him yet

C.Didn’t you meet him yet

D.Haven’t you met him yet

( )10.He _______ articles for our wallnewspaper these days, and he _______ about forty

articles.

A.has been writing; has written

B.has been written; wrote

C.is writing; has been writing

D.has written; has written

( )11.—_______ the sports meet might be put off.

—Yes, it all depends on the weather.

A.I’ve been told

B.I’ve told

C.I’m told

D.I told

( )12.She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _______ 50 million.

A.have reached

B.has reached

C.are reaching

D.had reached

( )13.Everything _______ by the time you get there.

A.will have been ready

B.was ready

C.had been ready

D.has been ready

( )14.John and I _______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a

Christmas party. But we _______ each other a couple of times before that.

A.had been; have seen

B.have been; have seen

C.had been; had seen

D.have been; had seen

( )15.It is the second time that I _______ here.

A.had been

B.am

C.have been

D.will be

( )16.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _______ yet.

A.are not decided

B.have not been decided

C.is not being decided

D.has not been decided

( )17.When I was at college I _______ three foreign languages, but I _______ all except a few words of each.

A.spoke; had forgotten

B.spoke; have forgotten

C.had spoken; had forgotten

D.had spoken; have forgotten

( )18.—We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.

—What do you suppose _______ to her?

A.was happening

B.to happen

C.has happened

D.having happened

( )19.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _______ with each other.

A.they had quarreled

B.they have quarreled

C.have they quarreled

D.had they quarreled

( )20.I _______ the composition since early this morning, but I haven’t finished it yet.

A.have written

B.have been writing

C.write

D.have been written

课后作业

A

When some plates of the earth move suddenly, an earthquake happens. Many earthquakes begin under the sea. In fact, earthquakes may happen anywhere on the earth. They often happen near mountains.

During an earthquake, the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even crack（断裂）open. Houses fall, people are killed or hurt, and sometimes the whole villages or cities are destroyed.

Can we do something to keep ourselves safe from earthquakes? Scientists have studied earthquakes and made maps that show“earthquake belts（带）”. In these belts, it’s possible for earthquakes to happen. In these areas we can build strong houses to fight against earthquakes.

In the future, scientists will be able to predict exactly（精确预报）when and where an earthquake will happen. They can also tell people what to do and how to do it.

1. It is said a large number of earthquakes often happen .

A. next to mountains

B. in the day time

C. on land

D. at

night

2. In the future we’ll be no longer so afraid of an earthquake .

A. because of a map showing the” earthquake belts”

B. because we can guess the date and place of an earthquake

C. as scientists will know what to do and how to do it

D. both B and C

3. Which is the best title of the passage?

A. A Scientist and an Earthquake

B. An Earthquake

C. How to Fight against Earthquake

D. Earthquakes Today and Tomorrow

B

The Internet has opened up a whole new on-line world for us to meet, chat and go where we’ve never been before.

But just as in face-to-face communication, there are some basic rules of behavior that should be followed when online. The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated. Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.

For anything you’re about to send: ask yourself, “Would I say this to the person’s face?” If the answer is no, rewrite and reread. Repeat the process till you feel sure that you’d feel comfortable saying the words to the person’s face.

If someone in the chat room is rude to you, your instinct (本能) is to fire back in the same way. But try not to do so. You should either ignore the person, or use your chat software to block their messages. If it was caused by a disagreement with another member, try to fix the situation by politely discussing it. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.

Everyone was new to the network once. Offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate. When someone makes a mistake whether it’s a stupid question or an unnecessarily long answer ,you should be kind about it. If it’s a small mistake, you may not need to say anything. Even if you feel strongly about it, think twice before saying anything. Having good manners yourself doesn’t give you license to correct everyone else.

If you do decide to tell someone about a mistake, point it out politely. At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and say sorry to those that you have offended （冒犯，得罪）.

It is not polite to ask others personal questions such as their age, sex, and marital status. Unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal

information, don’t ask such questions.

4. When you send short messages to a person, you must_____.

A. make sure that they mean no harm

B. read them again and again

C. say something good to hear

D. repeat them later to the person’s face

5. If you are hurt in the chat room by others, you should ____.

A. fight back in the same way

B. take them seriously

C. pay no attention to it

D. be angry at them

6. This passage mainly tells us_____.

A. some rules of Internet communication

B. ways of sending messages

C. rules of the chat room

D. ways of making friends on the Internet

C

My house is made out of wood, glass and stone. It is also made out of software.

If you come to visit, you’ll probably be surprised when you come in. Someone will give you an electronic PIN（个人身份号码）to wear. This PIN tells the house who and where you are. The house uses this information to give you what you need. When it’s dark outside, the PIN turns on the lights nearest you, and then turns them off as you walk away from them. Music moves with you too. If the house knows your favorite music, it plays it. The music seems to be everywhere, but in fact other people in the house hear different music or no music. If you get a telephone call, only the nearest telephone rings.

Of course, you are also able to tell the house if you want something. There is a home control console (控制台), a small machine that turns things on and off around you.

The PIN and the console are new ideas, but they are in fact like many things we have today. If you want to go to a movie, you need a ticket. If I give you my car keys, you can use my car. The car works for you because you have the keys. My house works for you because you wear the PIN or hold the console.

I believe that ten years from now, most new homes will have the systems that I’ve put in my house. The systems will probably be even bigger and better than the ones I’ve put in today.

I like to try new ideas. I know that some of my ideas will work better than others. But I hope

that one day I will stop thinking of these systems as new, and ask myself instead, “ How will I live without them?”

7. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. How to develop a new system.

B. The function of the PIN.

C. A home for the future.

D. Easy life in the future.

8. What’s the purpose when the writer wrote the fourth paragraph?

A. To let readers know why his ideas are new.

B. To let readers know how special his house is.

C. To explain the importance of the PIN and the console.

D. To explain more easily what the functions of the PIN and the console are.

9. The writer’s new house is different from ordinary ones mainly because _____.

A. it has been controlled by computers

B. you can make a telephone call anywhere

C. it has your favorite music following you

D. the writer is able to change his new idea into practice

10. What is the writer most likely to be according to the passage?

A. An IT expert.

B. A famous doctor.

C. An idealist

D. An experienced teacher.

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