英语四级阅读真题包括答案.doc

2019 年 12 月英语四级阅读真题及答案

2013 年 12 月英语四级阅读真题及答案

Section A

Directions ： In this section, there is apassage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each

blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following

the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bankis identified by a

letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each itemon Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may

not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on thefollowing

passage.What does it take to be a well-trainednurse? The

answer used to be two- year associate ’s or four -year

bachelor ’sdegree programs. But as the nursing shortage 36, a growing number of schoolsand hospitals are establishing

“fast - track programs ” that enab le collegegraduates with no nursing 37 to become registered nurses with only a year or soof 38 training.In 1991, there were only 40 fast-

trackcurricula; now there are more than 200. Typical is

Columbia University ’s Entry to Practice program. Students

earn their bachelor of sciencein nursing in a year. Those who

stay on for an 39 two years can earn a master ’s degree that 40 them as nurse practitioners ( 执业护士 ) orclinical nurse specialists.Many students are recent 41; others are careerswitchers. Rudy Guardron, 32, a 2004 graduate of Columbia’s program, was a premedical student in college and

then worked for apharmaceutical ( 药物的 ) research company. At Columbia, he was 42 as a nurse practitioner. “I saw thatnurses were in high 43 and it looked like a really good opportunity, ” he says. “Also, I didn ’t want to be in school for that long. ”The fast -track trend fills a need, but

it ’s alsocreating some 44 between newcomers and veterans. “Nurses that arestill at the bedside 45 these kids with

suspicion, ” says LindaPellico, who has taught nursing at Yale University for 18 years. “They wonder,how can they do it quicker? ” The answer is they don ’t.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。

A)additional

B)applied

C)demand

D)excessive

E)experienceF) explores

G)graduates

H)operations

I)promote

J)qualifiesK) specialized

L)tension

M)trained

N)view

O)worsens

参考答案

36~40 OEKAJ

41~45 GMCLN

SectionB

Directions ：In this section, you are going to read a passagewith ten statements attached to it. Each statement

contains information givenin one of the paragraphs. Identify

the paragraph from which the information isderived. You

may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.

The rise of the sharing economy

A) Last night 40 000 people rentedaccommodation from a service that offers 250 000 rooms in 30 000 cities in

192countries. They chose their rooms and paid for everything

online. But theirbeds were provided by private individuals,

rather than a hotel chain. Hosts andguests were matched up by Airbnb, a firm based in San Francisco. Since itslaunch in

2008 more than 4 million people have used it —2.5 million of them

in2012 alone. It is the most prominent example of a huge new “sharing economy ”, inwhich people rent beds, cars,

boats and other assets directly from each other,co-

ordinated via the internet.

B)You might think this is no different fromrunning a bed-and-breakfast ( 家庭旅店 ), owninga timeshare ( 分时度假房 ) or participating in a car pool. But technology has reducedtransaction costs, making sharing assets cheaper and

easier than ever —andtherefore possible on a much larger

scale. The big change is the availabilityof more data about

people and things, which allows physical assets to bedivided

and consumed as services. Before the internet, renting a

surfboard, apower tool or a parking space from someone else

was feasible, but was usuallymore trouble than it was worth.

Now websites such as Airbnb, RelayRides andSnapGoods match

up owners and renters; smartphones with GPS let people seewhere

the nearest rentable car is parked; social networks provide a

way tocheck up on people and build trust; and online

payment systems handle thebilling.

What’s mineis yours, for a fee

C)Just as peer-to-peer businesses like eBay allow anyone

to become a retailer, sharingsites let individuals act as an ad

hoc ( 临时的 ) taxi service,car-hire firm or boutique hotel ( 精品

酒店 ) as and when itsuits them. Just go online or download an

app. The model works for items thatare expensive to buy and

are widely owned by people who do not make full use ofthem. Bedrooms and cars are the most obvious examples, but you can

also rentcamping spaces in Sweden, fields in Australia and

washing machines in France.As advocates of the

sharing economy like to put it, access trumps (胜过)ownership.

D)Rachel Botsman, the author of a book onthe subject,

says the consumer peer-to-peerrental market alone is worth

$26 billion. Broader definitions of the sharingeconomy include

peer-to-peer lending or putting asolar panel on your

roof and selling power back to the grid (电网). And itis not

just individuals：the web makes it easier for companies to

rent outspare offices and idle machines, too. But the core of

the sharing economy ispeople renting things from each other.

E)Such “collaborative ( 合作的 )consumption ” is a good thing for several reasons. Owners make money fromunderused assets. Airbnb says hosts in San Francisco who rent out their homesdo so for an average of 58 nights a year, making $9 300. Car owners who renttheir vehicles to others using RelayRides make an average of $250 a month; somemake more than $1 000. Renters, meanwhile, pay less than they would if theybought

the item themselves, or turned to a traditional provider such as

a hotelor car-hire firm. And there are environmental benefits,

too ： renting a carwhen you need it, rather than owning one, means fewer cars are required andfewer resources must be devoted to making them.

F)For sociable souls, meeting new people bystaying in

their homes is part of the charm. Curmudgeons ( 倔脾气的人 ) whoimagine that every renter is a murderer can still stay at conventional hotels.For others, the web fosters trust. As

well as the background checks carried outby platform owners, online reviews and ratings are usually posted by bothparties to each transaction, which makes it easy to spot bad drivers, bathrobe-thieves and surfboard-wreckers. By usingFacebook

and other social networks, participants can check each other out andidentify friends (or friends of friends) in common. An

Airbnb user had herapartment trashed in 2011. But the remarkable thing is how well the systemusually works.

Peering into the future

G)The sharing economy is a little likeonline shopping,

which started in America 15 years ago. At first, people

wereworried about security. But having made a successful purchase from, say,Amazon, they felt safe buying elsewhere. Similarly, using Airbnb or a car-hire service for the first

time encourages people to try otherofferings. Next, consider eBay. Having started out as a peer-to-peer marketplace, it is

now dominated byprofessional “power sellers ”(many of whom started out as ordinary eBay users). The same mayhappen with the sharing economy, which also provides new

opportunities for enterprise.Some people have bought cars solely to rent them out, for example.

H)Existing rental businesses are gettinginvolved too. Avis, a car-hire firm, has a share in asharing rival. So do GM and Daimler, two carmakers. In future, companies

maydevelop hybrid ( 混合的 ) models, listing excess capacity (whether vehicles, equipment oroffice space) on peer-to-peer rental sites. In thepast, new ways of doing things online have

not displaced the old ways entirely.But they have often changed them. Just as internet shopping forced Wal-mart and Tesco to adapt, so online sharing will shake up

transport,tourism, equipment-hire and more.

I)The main worry is regulatory uncertainty.Will room-renters be subject to hotel taxes, for example? InAmsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track down unlicensed hotels.In some American cities, peer-to-peertaxi services

have been banned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms. Thedanger is that although some rules need to be updated to protect consumers fromharm, existing rental businesses will

try to destroy competition. People whorent out rooms should

pay tax, of course, but they should not be regulated likea

Ritz-Carlton hotel. The lighter rules that typically govern

bed-and-breakfasts are more than adequate.

J)The sharing economy is the latest exampleof the internet’s value to consumers. This emerging model is nowbig and disruptive (*性的) enough for regulators and companies to have woken up to it. Thatis a sign of its immense potential.

It is time to start caring about sharing.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。

46.Sharing items such as cars does good tothe environment.

47.Airbnb ’ssuccess clearly illustrates the emergence

of a huge sharing economy.

48.The major concern about the sharingeconomy is how the government regulates it.

49.The most frequently shared items arethose expensive

to buy but not fully used.

50.The sharing economy has a promisingfuture.

51.Online sharing will change the waybusiness is done

in transportation, travel, rentals, etc.

52.Airbnb is a website that enables ownersand

renters to complete transactions online.

53.The sharing economy is likely to go theway of online shopping.

54.One advantage of sharing is that ownersearn

money from renting out items not made full use of.

55.Sharing appeals to the sociable in thatthey can

meet new people.

参考答案

46~50 EAICJ

51~55 HAGEF

Section C

Directions ： There are 2 passages in thissection. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark

the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.

Section C Passage One

Questions56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

In recent years, a growing body of researchhas shown

that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large

number offactors besides our biological need for energy,

including our eatingenvironment and our perception of the

food in front of us.Studies have shown,for instance, that

eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction)

canincrease both hunger and the amount of food consumed.

Even simple visual cues,like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size andconsumption.A new study suggested that our short-termmemory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people ’s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they ’d eaten but rather by how much food they ’d seenin front of them — in other words,

how much they remembered eating.This disparity ( 差异 ) suggeststhe memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetitethan the actual size of the meal,

says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor ofexperimental psychology at the University of Bristol. “Hunger isn ’t controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a

recentmeal. We have identified an independent role for memory

for that meal, ” Brunstromsays. “This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake ismore complex

than we thought. ”These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception offood can sometimes trick our

body’s response to the fooditself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie ( 卡路里 ) milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels ofhunger-related hormones ( 荷尔蒙 ), depending on whether the shake’s labelsaid it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover,

the participants reportedfeeling more full when they thought

they ’dconsumed a higher -calorie shake.What does this mean for our eatinghabits? Although it hardly seems practical to

trick ourselves into eating less,the new findings do

highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoidingTV

and multitasking while eating.The so-calledmindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control

ourappetite, Brunstrom says.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。

56.What is said to be a factor affectingour appetite

and food intake?

A)How we perceive the food we eat.C) Whenwe eat our meals.

B)What ingredients the food contains.D)How fast we eat our meals.

57.What would happen at meal time if youremembered eating a lot in the previous meal?

A)You would probably be more picky aboutfood.

B)You would not feel like eating the samefood.

C)You would have a good appetite.

D)You would not feel so hungry.

58. What do we learn from the 2011 study?

A) Food labels may mislead consumers intheir purchases.

B) Food labels may influence our body’s response to food.

C) Hunger levels depend on one ’s consumption of calories.

D)People tend to take in a lot morecalories

than necessary.

59.What does Brunstrom suggest we do tocontrol our appetite?

A)Trick ourselves into eating less.C)Concentrate on

food while eating.

B)Choose food with fewer calories.D) Pickdishes of

the right size.

60. What is the main idea of the passage?

A)Eating distractions often affect ourfood digestion.

B)Psychological factors influence ourhunger levels.

C)Our food intake is determined by ourbiological needs.

D)Good eating habits will contribute toour health.

参考答案

56~60 ADBCB

Section C Passage Two

Questions61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

As a society we might want to rethink thetime and money

spent on education, so that these resources can benefit

agreater percentage of the population. Ideally, both high

schools and collegescan prepare individuals for the ever-

changing roles that arelikely to be expected of them.High

school degrees offer far less in the way ofpreparation for work

than they might, or than many other nations currentlyoffer,

creating a growing skills gap in our economy. We encourage

students to goon to college whether they are prepared or not,

or have a clear sense ofpurpose or interest, and now have the

highest college dropout rate in theworld.We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offerbetter

training, as well as the development of a

work ethic (勤奋工作的美德) andthe intellectual skills needed

for continued learning and development. Irecommend Harvard ’s 2011 “Pathways toProsperity ” report for more attention to

the “forgotten half ” (those whodo not go on to college) and

ideas about how to address thisissue.Simultaneously, the liberal

arts become more important than ever. In aknowledge

economy where professional roles change rapidly and many collegestudents are preparing for positions that may not even exist yet, the skill setneeded is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.Learning toexpress ideas well in both writing and speech, knowing how to find information,and knowing how to do research are all solid background skills for a widevariety of roles, and such training is more important than any particular majorin a liberal arts college. We need to continue to value broad preparation inthinking skills that will serve for a lifetime.Students also

need to learn towork independently and to make responsible decisions. The lengthening path

toadulthood appears exacerbated (恶化) by parental involvement in the college years. Given the risinginvestment

in college education, parental concern is not surprising, butlearning where and when to intervene (干预) will helpstudents take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costlyeducations.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。

61.What kind of education does the authorthink is ideal?

A)It benefits the great majority of thegeneral population.

B)It prepares students to meet the futureneeds of society.

C)It encourages students to learnthroughout their lives.

D) It ensures that students ’expectations are successfully fulfilled.

62.What does the author say is the problemwith

present high school education?

A) Ignoring the needs of those who don’t go to college.

B)Teaching skills to be used right aftergraduation only.

C)Giving little attention to those havingdifficulty

learning.

D)Creating the highest dropout rate in thedeveloped world.

63.What characterizes a knowledge economyaccording to the passage?

A)People have to receive higher educationto qualify

for a professional position.

B)Students majoring in liberal artsusually have

difficulty securing a job.

C)New positions are constantly createdthat

require people to keep learning.

D)Colleges find it hard to teach studentshow to cope

with the changing economy.

64.What does the author think a liberalarts college

should focus on?

A)Solid background knowledge in aparticular field.

B)Practical skills urgently needed incurrent society.

C)Basic skills needed for change andlifelong learning.

D)Useful thinking skills for advancedacademic research.

65.What suggestion does the author offerto parents?

A) Rethinking the value of highereducation.

B) Investing wisely in their children’s education.

C) Helping their children to bring theirtalent into full

play.

D) Avoiding too much intervention in theirchildren

’s education.

参考答案

61~65 BDCCD

专家解析英语四级考试历年阅读真题(一)

2洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌 2007.12阅读第一篇 Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied. Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she won last year. As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher. I also know the pressure of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. What if she doesn’t win the contest again? That’s the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface. A revelation (启示) came last week when I asked her, “Don’t you want to win again?”“No,”she replied, “I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.” I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously (自发地) told them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly “guided”by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson. I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it. Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks. Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting (借用) my daughter’s experience. While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough a way to give her room but close enough to help if asked. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices. 注意：此部分试题请*考试&大在答题卡2上作答。 57. What do we learn from the first paragraph? A) A lot of distractions compete for children’s time nowadays. B) Children do find lots of fun in many mindless activities. C) Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy her leisure time. D) Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials for her writing. 58. What did the author say about her own writing experience? A) She was constantly under pressure of writing more. B) Most of her stories had been rejected by publishers. C) She did not quite live up to her reputation as a writer. D) Her way to success was full of pains and frustrations.

2018年大学英语四级真题答案及解析

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历年英语四级真题及答案详解

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如果选项中出现指代词时，往往该选项不能放在首句，要注意指代成立的条件。 快速阅读的解题技巧(3) 如果选项中出现一组反义词时，往往有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是对于文章框架结构的理解，要求考生理解整篇文章的语境色彩。 快速阅读的解题技巧(4) 如果选项中出现一组近义词时，往往也有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是词汇的精确理解，要求考生分析清楚其细微的区别。 快速阅读的解题技巧(5) 如果选项为连词时，要关注上下句内在的逻辑关系。常见的逻辑关系有：因果，并列平行，递进，强对比，前后意思一致等。 快速阅读的解题技巧(6) 要有总体观，不必按顺序作题。先把自己最有把握的词选出，然后删除该选项，为吃不准的选项缩小选择范围。 2017年快速判定英语四级文章主题3个技巧 快速判定主题的技巧(1) 读文章时重点关注文章的首段和首末句。按照西方人习惯性的思维方式和写作习惯，他们惯用的是演绎法：即文章一开始先扔出自己的核心观点，然后具体一步步论证。 根据统计，每一段的第一句、第二句和最后一句话为本段的主题句的概率分别为50%、20%、20%，三句话成为主题句的概率超过九成，当然也就成为我们阅读的重中之重。

大学英语四级阅读理解试题及标准答案.

大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案.

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3 大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（四） 十六 Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , fortunately,the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseaed or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but itis a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the desease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurs and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts yu make will bleed. If this does happen,it is, of course,impossible to paint them properly. 1.Pruning should be done to ______. a.make the tree grow taller

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历年英语四级真题及答案解析

英语四级考试真题 Part I Writing （30 minutes） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该…… How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. A Grassroots Remedy Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don’t run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not. But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found. 1 / 29

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英语四级真题阅读理解(带翻译)

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