(完整版)英语四级阅读试题库含答案解析

英语四级阅读题库含答案解析

1.Passage One

st century, Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21

’t –we won ’t do much about it. We will argue over

but regardless of whether it is or isn

it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.

Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth, ”as if merely recognizing it

’t know enough to

could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don

relieve global warming, and

—we can ’t do

–without major technological breakthroughs

much about it.

’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 From 2003 to 2050, the world

billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. but that ’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless w e condemn t he world ’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone e lse‘s living standards. With modest growth, energy u se and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.

No government w ill adopt rigid restrictions o n economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, d riving and travel) that might cut back global

’re “doing something. ”Consider the Kyoto warming. Still, politicians want to show they

Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn

’t. But it

signatories (签字

hasn ’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many

国) didn ’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.

The practical c onclusion i s that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development p rogram

might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.

The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it ’s really a n engineering one. The inconvenient t ruth is that if we don ’t solve t he

’re helpless.

engineering problem, we

57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?

A) It may not prove an environmental B) It is an issue requiring world wide crisis at all. commitments.

C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid D) Very little will be done to bring it under

or stop it. control.

58. According to the author ’s understanding, what is Al Gore ’s view on global warming?

A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.

B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.

C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.

D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.

59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______.

A) economic growth C) wasteful use of energy

B) the widening gap between the rich and D) the rapid advances o f science a nd

poor technology

60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.

A) politicians have started to do something to better the situation

B) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use

C) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming

D) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems

61. What is the message the author intends to convey?

A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.

B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology

C) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.

D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.

Passage Two

Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission o r scan the

Websites you ’ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit

card purchase or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.

In fact, it ’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would

watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing

company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen —the 21 st century equivalent of being caught naked.

Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it ’s important to reveal yourself to

friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs ( 碎屑) you leave everywhere m ake it easy for strangers to

reconstruct w ho you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple

Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret.

The key question is: Does that matter?

When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is

”

“slipping away, and that bothers me.

But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system t hat can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠券).

’s like health: When you have it, you But privacy does matter –at least sometimes. It

don ’t notice it. Only when it ’s gone do you wish you

’d done more to protect it.

“the 21 st century equivalent of being caught

62. What does the author mean by saying

naked ”(Lines 3-4, Para.2)?

A) People ’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.

’secrets.

B) In the 21 st century people try every means to look into others

C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.

D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.

63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?

A) Friends s hould open their hearts to C) There should be a distance even each other. between friends.

B) Friends should always be faithful to D) There should be fewer disputes each other. between friends.

”

64. Why does the author say

“we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret (Line 5, Para.3)?

A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.

B) People leave traces around when using modern technology.

’affairs.

C) There are always people who are curious about others

D) Many search engines profit by revealing people

’s identities.

65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?

A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.

B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.

C) They rely more and more on electronic D) They talk a lot but hardly do anything

devices. about it.

66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________.

A) people will make every effort to keep it

woman.

B) its importance is rarely understood

There are many reasons for

C) it is something that can easily be lost

D) people don ’t cherish it until they lose it

this-typically, m en take more risks than

woman a nd are more likely t o drink and

smoke but perhaps more importantly,

men don ’t go to the doctor.

“Men aren ’t seeing doctors as often 2.Passage One

“This

as they should, ”says Dr. Gullotta, Questions 57 to 61 are based on the

is particularly so for the over-40s,when following passage.

”

diseases tend to strike.

If you are a male and you are reading

Gullotta says a healthy man should this ,congratulations: you are a

visit the doctor every year or two. For survivor .According to statistics .you a re

those over 45,it should be at least once a more than twice as likely to die of skin

year.

cancer than a woman ,and nine times

Two months ago Gullotta saw a more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you

50-year-old m a who had delayed doing make i t to the end of your natural t erm,

’s cough for a

anything about his smoker

about 78 years for men in Australia, you

year.

will die on average f ive years b efore a

“When I finally saw him it had already

spread a nd he has since died from lung Regular check-ups for men would cancer ”he says, “Earlier d etection a nd inevitably place strain on the public purse,

”But prevention is cheaper treatment may not have cured him, but it Cartmill says.

”in the long run than having to treat the would have prolonged this life

According t o a recent survey, 95%of diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far

”

women aged between 15 and early 40s greater: it is called premature death.

see a doctor once a year, c ompared t o 57.Why does the a uthor congratulate h is

70% of men in the same age group. male readers at the beginning of the “A lot of men think they are invincible passage?

（不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only A. They are more likely to survive serious come in when a friend drops dead on the diseases today.

golf course a nd they think ”Geez, if it B. Their average life span has been could happen to him. considerably extended.

Then there is the ostrich approach,

” C. They have l ived long enough to read some men are scared o f what might be this article.

there and would rather not know, ”says D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and

Dr. Ross Cartmill. happier live.

“Most men get their cars serviced 58.What does the author state is the most more regularly than they service their important reason men die five years bodies, ”Cartmill says .He believes most earlier on average than women?

diseases that commonly affect men could A. men drink and smoke much more than

be addressed by preventive check-ups. women

B. men don ’t seek medical care as often disease because of fear

as women 61. What does Cartmill say about regular C. men aren ’t as cautions a s women in check-ups for men?

face of danger A.They may increase public expenses

D. men are more likely to suffer from fatal B.They will save money in the long run

diseases C.They may cause psychological strains on 59. Which of the following best completes men

the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to D.They will enable men to live as long as

him ?’(line2,para,8)? women

A. it could happen to me, too Passage Two

B. I should avoid playing golf Questions 62 to 66 are based on the

C. I should consider myself lucky following passage.

D. it would be a big misfortune High-quality customer service is

60what does Dr. Ross C artmill mean by preached( 宣扬)by many ,but actually

”(line q para.9) keeping customers h appy is easier said

“the ostrich approach

’s health than done

A. a casual attitude towards one

conditions Shoppers seldom complain to the B. a new therapy for certain psychological m anager o r owner of a retail store, b ut

problems instead will alert their friends, relatives, C. refusal to get medical treatment for fear co-workers, strangers-and a nyone who

of the pain involved will listen.

’s Store m anagers are often the last to

D. unwillingness to find out about one

hear complaints, and often find out only include f illed parking l ots, cluttered (塞满

when their regular customers decide t 了的) shelves, overloaded racks, frequent their competitors, according to a out-of-stock items, long check-out l ines,

study jointly conducted b y Verde g roup and rude salespeople.

and Wharton school During peak shopping hours, some “Storytelling hurts retailers and retailers s olved t he parking problems by entertains consumers, ”said Paula getting moonlighting （业余兼职的）local

”police to work as parking attendants. Courtney, President of the Verde group.

the store loses the customer, but the Some hired flag wavers to direct

”customers to empty parking s paces. This shopper must also find a replacement.

On average, every unhappy customer g uidance eliminated the need for

will complain to at least four other, and customers to circle the parking lot

will no longer visit the specific s tore for endlessly, and avoided confrontation

every dissatisfied c ustomer, a store will between t hose eyeing the same p arking

lose up to three more due to negative space.

”Retailers can relieve the headaches by reviews. The resulting “snowball effect

can be disastrous to retailers. redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking According t o the research, shoppers sales items, hiring speedy and who purchased clothing encountered the experienced c ashiers, a nd having sales

most problems. r anked s econd a nd third representatives on hand to answer

were grocery and electronics customers. questions.

The most common complaints Most importantly, salespeople should

be diplomatic and polite with angry them.

customers. C Few c ustomers believe t he service w ill “Retailers w ho ’re responsive and be improved.

friendly are more likely to smooth over D Customers have no easy access to store

’t so friendly. ”managers.

issues than those who aren

said Professor S tephen H och. “Maybe 63. What does Paula C ourtney i mply by something as simple a s a greeter at the saying “?the shopper must also find a

store entrance would help.

”replacement ”(Line 2, Para. 4)?

Customers c an also improve future A New customers a re bound to replace shopping experiences by filing complaints o ld ones.

to the retailer, instead o f complaining t o B It is not likely the shopper can find the

the rest of the world. Retailers are same products in other stores.

hard-pressed to improve when they have C Most stores provide the same

no idea what is wrong. D Not complaining to the manager causes 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答the shopper some trouble too.

62. Why are store managers often the last 64. Shop owners often hire moonlighting

to hear complaints? police as parking attendants so that A Most customers won ’t bother to shoppers_____

complain even if they have had unhappy A can stay longer browsing in the store experiences. B won ’t have trouble parking their cars B Customers w ould rather relate their C won ’t have any worries about security unhappy experiences to people around D can find their cars easily after shopping

65. What contributes m ost to smoothing over issues with customers?

A Manners of the salespeople

B Hiring of efficient employees

C Huge supply of goods for sale

D Design of the store layout.

66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to

_________.

A exert pressure o n stores to improve their service

B settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic way

C voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly

D shop around and make comparisons between stores

3. The January fashion show, called Future Fashion , exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, t he show inspired many top designers t o work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.

The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are finding

’re doing

there aren ’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you

and shat your customers are used to, ”he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable o nce woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.

Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers &Agents stopped

(企业家) who charging its participation fee for young green

entrepreneurs

attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special r ecognition to designers w hose collections a re at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a

major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand the

”

“Mainstream is about to occur, supply of a key sustainable material .

says Hahn.

分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only Some analysts (

18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example o f the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: “Not that I ’m aware of.

”Like most consumers, she finds little time to

’t too

’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn

shop, and when she does, she

’t yet on her mind. But ”By her own admission, green just isn

expensive.

–

–thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers

one day it will be.

57. What is said about Future Fashion?

A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.

B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.

C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.

D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.

58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go

organic is that .

A) much more time is needed to finish a dress u sing sustainable

materials .

B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic

materials .

C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic

materials .

D) quality organic replacements f or synthetics are not readily

available .

59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers w ho undertake g reen

fashion .

A) can attend various trade shows free .

B) are readily recognized by the fashion world

C) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .

D) are gaining more and more support .

’s attitude toward ecofashion?

60. What is Natalie Hormilla

A) She d oesn ’t seem t o care a bout it. C) S he i s doubtful of its

practical value.

B) She doesn ’t think it is sustainable D) She is very much

opposed to the idea

61. What does the author think of green fashion?

A) Green products will soon go mainstream.

B) It has a very promising future.

C) Consumers have the final say.

D) It will appeal more to young people.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person

缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the has lived using a strand(

movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .

The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people

’s hair.

”

“You’re what you eat and drink, and that

’s recorded in you hair, said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.

While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather p atterns. The chemical composition o f

rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.

Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of

isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest

both elements are also present as heavier

raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.

Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic t imeline. Each i nch of hair corresponds to about two months.

Cerling ’s team collected t ap water samples f rom 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. T hey checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples c ollected f rom 65 barber shops.

They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.

“It’s not good for pinpointing ( 精确定位),”Cerling said .

“It’s good

”

for eliminating many possibilities.

Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton w as found near

Great Salt Lake.

The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.

When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.

She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.

”Park said “But it narrows it way down “It’s still a substantial area,

for me. ”

62. What is the scientists

’new discovery?

A) One ’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.

’s hair may reveal where they have lived.

B) A person

C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.

D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.

”

“You’re what you eat and drink

63. What does the author mean by

(Line 1, Para.3)?

A) Food and drink affect one

’s personality development.

B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.

’s body tissues.

C) Food and drink leave traces in one

’s existence.

D) Food and drink are indispensable to one

64. What is said about the rainfall in America

’s West?

A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.

B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.

C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.

D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.

’s team produce in their research?

65. What did Cerling

A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.

B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.

C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.

D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.

’s research?

66. What is the practical value of Cerling

A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.

B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.

C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.

D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.

4.

Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the

presidential candidates and how they

’ll change America. Rightly so, but ’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be selfishly, I

able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American

’s attention.

woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world

And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close a nd personal w ith the type of African-American woman t hey so

rarely see.

Usually, t he lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems t o be that we ’re all hot-tempered single

’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black mothers who can

’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed women still can

酗酒的) mothers.

females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (

These images h ave helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to

a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.

It won ’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done

in-depth features o n regular A frican-American women, l ittle is known

about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis.

For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.

Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs

’d like to see Michelle bring to the White

have written about what they

House —mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone —an impossible task. B ut for many African-American women

沉着), confidence and intelligence will go

like me, just a little of her poise (

’s been around for far too long.

a long way in changing an image that

57. Why does Michelle Obama h old a strong fascination for the author?

A) She serves as a role model for African women.

B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.

C) She w ill present to the world a new image of African-American women.

D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.

58. What is the common stereotype o f African-American women according to the author?

A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.

C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity and social welfare.

59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?

A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.

B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.

C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.

D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.

60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?

A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,

B) She shouldn

’t disappoint the African-American community.

’t expect to please everybody.

C) However hard she tries, she can

’s concerns.

D) She will give priority to African-American women

61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?

A) Help change the prevailing view about black women.

B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.

C) Outshine previous First Lady.

D) Fully display her fine qualities.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

When n ext year ’s crop of high-school g raduates arrive a t Oxford

’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew University in the fall of 2009, they

Hamilton, the 55-year-old p rovost (教务长) of Yale, w ho ’ll become

—a position equivalent to university president Oxford ’s vice-chancellor

in America.

Hamilton isn ’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, S ingapore, etc, have a lso recently m ade top-level hires

2020年6月英语四级模拟题：长篇阅读匹配

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