大学英语四级汉译英那些语法和句型

汉译英题型重点句型

1）It is＋形容词＋that

例如：it is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演着一个重要的角色。

2）It is＋形容词＋to do/ doing

例如：She had said what it was necessary to say.她已经说了一切有必要说的话。

3）祈使句／名词＋and/ or

例如：Work hard, and you will finally be able to reach your destination.努力工作，你就能实现自己的目标。

4）as＋many/ much＋名词＋as

例如：It is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in Lon-don.据说，游客每天在利兹的花销仅为在伦敦的一半。

5）倍数词＋as＋形容词＋as

例如：The reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago.这个水库的面积是十年前三倍。

6) 倍数词+ more +名词／形容词十than

例如：Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.吸烟对人体健康的危害极大，每年死于吸烟的人比死于车祸的人多七倍。

7）（not）as/ so... as（和……（不）一样）

例如：The environmental problems are not as serious as they suggested in their report.环境问题没有他们在报告中说得那么严重。

8）no more... than（与……一样不）

例如：She is no more fit to be a manager than a schoolgirl would be.匕个女学生固然不宜当经理，她也同样不宜。

9）Nothing is more... than（没有比……更……的；……是最……的）

例如：Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。

10）感官动词＋of＋名词

例如：They hurriedly escaped into a cave that smelt of terror.他们仓皇地逃人一个充满恐怖气氛的山洞。

11）without/ not so much as（甚至没有）

例如：Disappointed with her husband，Mary left home without so much as looking back at him．出于对丈夫的失望，玛丽离开了家，甚至都没有回头看他一眼。

12）may/ might as well（…as）（与其……还不如……）

例如：One may as well not know a thing at all as know but imperfectly.与其一知半解还不如彻底蒙在鼓里。

13）too.～to.二（太……而不能……；极其地）

例如：It was not too bright of them to settle in an area where earthquakes frequently occur.他们选择在地震多发的地区定居，这可不是个明智的决定。

14）only to find/ see（结果却；没想到会）

例如：He spent almost all his money to buy the hen which was said to be able to lay gold eggs, only to find it could not lay

eggs at all.为了买那只据说能下金蛋的母鸡，他几乎倾家荡产，没想到这只鸡根本不会下蛋。

15）It is undoubted that/ There is no doubt that（毫无疑问，……）

例如：There is no doubt that war can be avoided if we get down to peace talk.毫无疑问，如果我们肯认真和谈就能避免战争。

16）rather than（而不是……）

例如：Rather than pursue money to achieve happiness，we should focus on the improvement of ourselves.我们应该集中精力改善自我，而不是追求金钱的享乐。

17）not... until（直到……才）

例如：We can't release the film until we have the approval from the authority concerned.直到获得有关当局的批准我们才能发行那部电影。

18）so/ such（…）that（如此……以至于）

例如：With the rumor spreading fast, their anxiety was such that they could not sleep/they became so anxious that they could not sleep.在谣言迅速散播的情况下，他们焦虑异常，无法人睡。

19）（The）chances are that（很可能……）

例如：Chances are that she has already known it, and there is no need for us to keep the secret.她很可能已经知道了，所以我们没有必要再保守这个秘密。

20）It occurred to sb. that（突然想到……）

例如：It had never occurred to Cinderella she would become a princess someday. Cinderella从来没有想到她会成为一位王妃。

21）not... but...（不是……而是……）

例如：To our disappointment, the plan caused not development but destruction.让我们失望的是，这个计划带来的不是进步而是破坏。

22）It is taken for granted that（……被认为是理所当然的）

例如：It has been taken for granted that women should take on all the housework.多年来人们一直认为女性做家务是理所当然的。

23）It is/ was said that（据说）

例如：it is said that man is the least biologically determined species of all because he possesses features absent in other natural species.据说人类是生物学上最难归类的物种，因为人类拥有其他天然物种所缺乏的特性。

24）When it comes to...（提及，当提到……的时候）

例如：When it comes to physics，I know nothing.谈到物理学，我一无所知。

25）be not much of a. . .（是个不太好的……）

例如：Mike is not much of a teacher for he often skips from one subject to another.麦克不是个好老师，因为他总是从一个话题跳转到另一个话题。

26）As far as sb.／sth. is concerned（就……而言，在……看来）

例如：As far as I am concerned, fashion .belongs to women.在我看来，时尚是属于女性的。

27）not only... but also（不但……而且……）

例如：Shakespeare is not only a great playwright but also a brilliant poet.莎士比亚不仅是一位伟大的剧作家而且是一位才华横溢的诗人。

28）（n) either...（n) or...（既不……也不……；或者……或者……）

例如：Liking neither the story nor the background music，he fell asleep in the cinema.他既不喜欢故事情节也不喜欢背景音乐，所以在电影院里睡着了。

29）no sooner than/ hardly when/ scarcely when（刚……就……）

例如：I had hardly opened the door when he rushed in.我刚开门他就冲进来了。

30）the more…the more（越……越……）

例如：The faster a country's economy develops，the slower its population grows.一个国家的经济发展越快，它的人口增长就越慢。

作文：

常用句型

1. 开头句

It is a fact that…

It can be seen that…

It is well known that…

There is no doubt that…

It is generally believed that…

Now it is commonly accepted that…

People used to hold a belief that…

Nowadays more and more people are concerned with t he problem that…

Different people have different opinions on…

When it comes to the issue of …

2. 提出个人观点

As for me,…

For my part,…

As far as I’m concerned,…

I am in favor of …

I am on the side of …

In my opinion,…

I agree to …

3. 罗列各个原因、方面

The reasons can be listed as follows.

Quite a number of reasons lead to this problem.

In the first place, / In the second place, …

Firstly, /Secondly, …

First of all, / The second reason is …

For one thing, / For another thing,…

The first an d the foremost important is…/ The last but not the least is …

4.罗列正反面的论据

On one hand, / On the other hand, …

On the contrary, / In contrast, …

5. 总结

In all,

In a word,

In short,

To conclude,

To sum up,

To sum up in one word,

It can be concluded that,

A conclusion can be reached that …

6.提出解决办法

He re are some suggestions that we should…

My suggestion is that…

It is suggested that…

Actions should be taken to…

We should take some measures to…

7.表示问题的重要性

It is very important to…

It is of great importance to…

It is vital to…

It is playin g an important role in …

Without it we cannot…

8.描写图表的表达方法

It has been shown that…

According to the table/diagram/chart, we can see that…

The table/diagram/chart has revealed that…

The table/diagram/chart can give us some idea of…

9.描写数据变化的表达方法

From the table/diagram/chart, we can see that the rate of A is higher than B.

As can be seen in the table/diagram/chart, there are more A than B.

The number of A is as large as B.

The number of A has increased sharply from B to C.

The number of A is declining dramatically from B to C.

英语四级作文万能句

（一）段首句

1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.

2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying ______. It’s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.

3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____. Second, ____. What makes things worse is that______.

4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。

Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.

5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.

6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……

People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______. To them,_____.

7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.

8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why?

（二）中间段落句

1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.

2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I don’t think it is a very good way to solve ____. For example，____. Worst of all，___.

3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

______is necessary and important to our country’s development and construction. First，______.What’s more, _____. Most important of all, ______.

4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______.

5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，

Confronted with ______，we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing，______. For another，______

6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。

It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____. In addition, _____. All these measures will certainly______.

7. 为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

Why______? The first reason is that ______. The second reason is ______. The third is ______. For all this, the main cause of ______ due to ______.

8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.

9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.

10. 完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.

（三）结尾句

1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____.

2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______. Only in this way can ______in the future.

3. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）……

But ______ and ______ have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to ______.

4. 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……

Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.

5. 随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ______. So it’s urgent and necessary to ____. If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.

6. 至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____.

7. 对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……；第二，……；最后……但同样重要的是……In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First _____. Second ______. Last but not least, ______.

8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view I find ______.

9. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.

10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.

大学英语四级汉译英常考那些语法和句型？

1／虚拟语气

2／动词词组（不同搭配，意义不同）

3／have／shall／等＋have done的句型。

4／各类状语从句。

大概就是这些。

历年大学英语四级常考短语(1)

a series of 一系列,一连串

above all 首先,尤其是 after all 毕竟,究竟

ahead of 在...之前 ahead of time 提前

all at once 突然,同时 all but 几乎;除了...都

all of a sudden 突然 all over 遍及

all over again 再一次,重新 all the time 一直,始终

all the same 仍然,照样的 as regards 关于,至于

anything but 根本不 as a matter of fact 实际上

apart from 除...外(有/无) as a rule 通常,照例

as a result(of) 因此,由于 as far as ...be concerned 就...而言

as far as 远至,到...程度 as for 至于,关于

as follows 如下 as if 好像,仿怫

as good as 和...几乎一样 as usual 像平常一样,照例

as to 至于,关于 all right 令人满意的;可以

as well 同样,也,还 as well as 除...外(也),即...又

aside from 除...外(还有) at a loss 茫然,不知所措

at a time 一次,每次 at all 丝毫(不),一点也不

at all costs 不惜一切代价 at all events 不管怎样,无论如何

at all times 随时,总是 at any rate 无论如何,至少

at best 充其量,至多 at first 最初,起先

at first sight 乍一看,初看起来 at hand 在手边,在附近

at heart 内心里,本质上 at home 在家,在国内

at intervals 不时,每隔... at large 大多数,未被捕获的

at least 至少 at last 终于

at length 最终,终于 at most 至多,不超过

at no time 从不,决不 by accident 偶然

at one time 曾经,一度;同时 at present 目前,现在

at sb’s disposal 任...处理 at the cost of 以...为代价

at the mercy of 任凭...摆布 at the moment 此刻,目前

at this rate 照此速度

at times 有时,间或 back and forth 来回地,反复地

back of 在...后面 before long 不久以后

beside point 离题的,不相干的 beyond question 毫无疑问

by air 通过航空途径 by all means 尽一切法,务必

by and by 不久,迟早 by chance 偶然,碰巧

by far 最,...得多 by hand 用手,用体力

by iteslf 自动地,独自地 by means of 用,依靠

by mistake 错误地,无意地 by no means 决不,并没有

by oneself 单独地,独自地 by reson of 由于

by the way 顺便说说 by virtue of 借助,由于

by way of 经由,通过...方法 due to 由于,因为

each other 互相 even if/though 即使,虽然

ever so 非常,极其 every now and then 时而,偶尔

every other 每隔一个的 except for 除了..外

face to face 面对面地 far from 远非,远离

for ever 永远 for good 永久地

for the better 好转 for the moment 暂时,目前

for the present 暂时,目前 for the sake of 为了,为了...的利益for the time being 暂时,眼下 from time to time 有时,不时

hand in hand 手拉手 ,密切关联 head on 迎面地正面的

heart and soul 全心全意地 how about ...怎么样

in a hurry 匆忙,急于 in case of 假如,防备

in a moment 立刻,一会儿 in a sense 从某种意义上说

in a way 在某种程度上 in a word 简言之,总之

in accordance with 与...一致,按照 in addition 另外,加之

in addition to 除...之外(还) in advance 预先,事先

in all 总共,合计 in any case 无论如何

in any event 无论如何 in brief 简单地说

in charge of 负责,总管 in common 共用的,共有的

in consequence(of) 因此;由于 in debt 欠债,欠情

in detail 详细地 in difficulty 处境困难

in effect 实际上,事实上 in general 一般来说,大体上in favour of 支持,赞成 in front of 面对,在...前

in half 成两半 in hand 在进行中,待办理

in honour of 为庆祝,为纪念 in itself 本质上,就其本身而言in line with 与...一致 in memory of 纪念

in no case 决不 in no time 立即,马上

in no way 决不 in order 按顺序,按次序

in other words 换句话说 in part 部分地

in particular 特别,尤其 in person 亲自,本人

in place 在合适的位置 in place of 代替,取代,交换

in practice 在实践中,实际上 in proportion to 与...成比例

in public 公开地,当众 in quantity 大量

in question 正在谈论的 in regard to 关于,至于

in relation to 关于,涉及 in return 作为报答/回报/交换

in return for 作为对...报答 in short 简言之,总之

in sight 被见到;在望 in spite of 尽管

in step 齐步,合拍 in step with 与...一致/协调

in tears 流着泪,在哭着 in the course of 在...期间/过程中

in the distance 在远处 in the end 最后,终于

in the event of 如果...发生,万一 in the face of 即使;在...面前

in the first place 首先 in the future 在未来

in the least 丝毫,一点 in (the)light of 鉴于,由于

in the way 挡道 in the world 究竟,到底

in time 及时 in touch 联系,接触

in turn 依次,轮流;转而 in vain 徒劳,白费力

instead of 代替,而不是 just now 眼下;刚才

little by little 逐渐地 lots of 许多

many a 许多 more or less 或多或少,有点

next door 隔壁的,在隔壁 no doubt 无疑地

no less than 不少于...;不亚于... no longer 不再

no more 不再 no more than 至多,同...一样不

none other than 不是别的,正是 on one’s guard 警惕,提防

nothing but 只有,只不过 now and then 时而,偶尔

aff and on 断断续续,间歇地 off duty 下班

on a large/small scale 大/小规模地 on account of 由于

on(an/the) average 平均,通常 on behalf of 代表

on board 在船(车/飞机)上 on business 因公

on condition that 如果 on duty 上班,值班

on earth 究竟,到底 on fire 起火着火

on foot 步行, on guard 站岗,值班

on hand 在场,在手边 on occasion(s) 有时,间或

on one’s own 独立,独自 on purpose 故意地

on sale 出售,廉价出售 on schedule 按时间表,准时

on second thoughts 经重新考虑 on the contrary 正相反

on the grounds of 根据,以...为由 on (the) one hand 一方面

on the other hand 另一方面 on the point of 即将...的时刻

on the road 在旅途中 on the side 作为兼职/副业

on the spot 在场;马上 on the whole 总的来说,大体上

on time 准时 once again 再一次

once(and)for all 一劳永逸地 once in a while 偶尔

once more 再一次 once upon a time 从前

one another 相互 or else 否则,要不然

or so 大约,左右 other than 非;除了

out of 从...中;由于;缺乏 out of burath 喘不过气来

out of control 失去控制 out of date 过时的

out of doors 在户外 out of order 出故障的

out of place 不适当的 out of practice 久不练习,荒疏

out of sight 看不见,在视野外 out of the question 毫无可能的

out of touch 不联系,不接触 over and over(again) 一再地,再三地prior ot 在...之前 quite a few 相当多,不少

rather than 不是...(而是) regardless of 不顾,不惜

right away 立即,马上 side by side 肩并肩,一起

so far 迄今为止 sooner or later 迟早,早晚

step by step 逐步地 such as 例如,诸如

thanks to 由于,多亏 that is (to say) 就是说,即

to the point 切中要害,切题 under control 处于控制之下

under the circumstances 这种情况下 up to date 在进行中

up to 多达;直到;胜任;取决于 what if 切合目前情况的

what about 怎么样 with respect to 如果...将怎么样

with regard to 关于,至于 without question 关于,至于,

with the exception of 除...之外 without question 毫无疑问

word for word 逐字的

大学英语四级考试语法的考点分析

在英语四级历年词汇与结构的考试试题中，语法部分约占40%，词汇部分约占60%，而且多有交叉。所以，要想在考试中取得过级分数这两个部分还是不能轻视的。下面将分别讲讲如何去应对他们。

语法题主要有以下考点

1、虚拟语气强调说话人的主观愿望和假想情况。考生应着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest，in case，otherwise等)；一部分表示建议、主张、命令、紧要等概念的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，其后的主语从句、宾语从句。同位语从句往往采用“(should)+动词原形”；虚拟倒装句；在would rather，wish，as if，it’time that等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望：混合虚拟句。

2、主谓一致这类考题灵活性大，需要根据实际情况判定谓语动词的单复数形式。一部分具有生命意义的集合名词作主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式，如people，poultry，militia等；用and连接的成分表单一概念时谓语动词用单数；就近原则；主语中含有某些连词(如as well as，besides，in addition to等)时，谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致。

3、倒装结构表示强调或突出，分为全部倒装和部分倒装。哪些否定词(组)、介词短语能引起倒装句，部分倒装和全部倒装有何区别，as在倒装结构中的用法及意义等等，都是考生应当重视的地方。

4、非谓语动词这是词汇与结构考试中语法部分的重中之重，解题时可以从三个方面人手：

①根据非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的一致关系，确定使用主动语态或被动语态，然后考虑采用现在分词、现在分词被动式或过去分词；

②非谓语动同同主句谓语动词动作发生的先后关系。动作正在进行的用现在分词进行式，同时发生或不分先后发生的用现在分词一般式或过去分词；在主句谓语动词之前发生的用现在分词完成式、不定式完成式；发生在主句谓语动词之后的多用不定式一般式；

③表状态多用分词，表目的多用不定式。

5、独立主格题一般说来，在句子中没有连接词的情况下，逗号是无力连接两个句子的，其中一个分句要么是非谓语形式，要么是独立主格结构。这两种结构都作状语，不同的是独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语。

6、时态英语中一共有16个时态，最常用的5个时态是一般现在时。现在进行时、一般过去时。一般将来时和现在完成时。四级考试中出现最多的考点是将来完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时和完成进行时。针对这一题型，考生首先要抓住的就是时间状语，是现在时间、将来时间还是过去时间？是短暂时间还是延续性时间？

7、名词性从句形容词性的定语从句是考核的重点，用什么引导词，引导词前面的介词形式，引导词在从句中做什么成分(做宾语。主语还是状语等)，从句的语序等等均有可能成为考点。此外，主语从句。同位语从句、宾语从句也应适当复习。

虚拟语气的用法：

虚拟语气考试的频度非常大。虚拟语气主要分为两大类：谓语使用动词原形的情况及使用过去时或过去完成时的情况。

1．句子谓语需用动词原形的情况

1）英语中有些表示愿望、建议、命令、要求的动词的宾语从句的谓语需用

should十动词原形，美国英语多用动词原形，英国英语可用动词原形或用should十动词原形两种形式。

这些常用动词包括：suggest，propose，recommend，order，demand, command, request，require，insist，desire，ask，urge，advise，move（提动议），prefer，determine，resolve，decide，vote，arrange, beg, plead, direct

这些动词变为被动态时，从句谓语仍需用虚拟式。见下例：

(1) Mary insisted that John come．

(2) We desire that the tour leader _____ us immediately of any change in plans．

a. inform

b. informs c．informed d．has informed（答案a．CET4'93/6.）

(3) Congress has decided that the present law be maintained．

(4) My father did not go to New York ；the doctor suggested that he _____ there．

a. not go

b. hadn't gone

c. not to go

d. wouldn't go（答案a．CET6）

(5) They demanded that the aggressor troops (should) be withdrawn immediately.

(6)They requested that we（should）send a delegation to their country．

(7) We prefer that the plan should be fully discussed before being put into execution．

（注: prefer的宾语从句谓语多用should十动词原形，也可直接用动词原形。）

(8) It is recommended that the project _____ until all the preparations have been made.

a．not be started b．will not be started

c．Is not started d．Is not to be started （答案a.CET4'95／6．）

(9) It was arranged that they leave the following week．

(10) It is。quested．that John（should）give a performance at the party．

与这些动词同源的名词的同位语从句或表语从句的谓语动词也需用虚拟语气。

与这些动词相应的名词有：suggestion／proposal／recommendation／order／demand／request／requirement／insistence ／desire／advice／motion（动议）／determination／resolution／decision/preference／arrangement等。见下例：

(1) He gave orders that the work（should）be started at once．

(2) Everyone was tired，so Bill got up and made a motion that the meeting be adjourned．

(3) Presently he made the suggestion that they carry on their conversation in French．

2）在一些形容词后面的从句谓语需用虚拟语气。

英语中有些表示必要性、重要性、愿望、建议、惊异、遗憾、要求等意思的形容词，

在It is十形容词十that从句结构中，从句谓语需用虚拟式。

这些常用的形容词有：necessary／important／vital／essential／imperative (紧急的) /urgent/appropriate/preferable/natural/strange/amazing/desirable/advisable/incredible；

以及以人作主语的形容词desirous/insistent/sorry/sad/surprised等和名词pity/necessity/importance

等的同位语从句。见下例：

(1) It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．

(2) It is important that we unite with all that can be united In the struggle．

(3) It was essential that the application forms back before the deadline．

a．must be sent b．would be sent c．be sent d．were sent（答案c．CET4'90／1．）

(4) It is highly desirable that every effort be made to reduce expenditure．

(5) It is a great pity that he should be so conceited．

(6) It is a burning shame that little children should have to beg In street．

(7) It is of the utmost importance that you _____ here on time．

a．be b．shall be c．are to be d．must be（答案a．CET6'95／6．）

(8)The president is strongly desirous that you should attend the meeting．

2．从句谓语需用过去时或过去完成时的情况

1）从句谓语用一般过去时的情况。

（1）It is（high）time sb did／was doing sth．

在这个句式中，从句谓语只能用一般过去时或过去进行时。见下例：

(1) It's time you went to bed．

(2) It's time we were setting out．Its time they were taught a lesson．

(3) It's time about the traffic problem down town．

a．nothing to be done b．anything will be done

c．everything is done d．something was done（答案d．CET－6'93／6）

（2）would sooner/would (just) as soon（从句谓语多用一般过去时）

（would sooner = would prefer；would as soon = would be equally willing）见下例：

(1) I could go myself but I would sooner you went．

(2) I would just as soon you didn't go there．

2）从句谓语可用一般过去时和过去完成时。

（1）wish

wish表示的愿望往往与现在或过去的事实相反，或者是很难实现的愿望，因此其宾语从句的谓语要求用虚拟语气，有以下三种情况：

若表示的愿望与说话时存在的事实相反，宾语从句谓语用一般过去时，be动词多用were.

若表示的愿望是指未来，宾语从句谓语多用could/would/might do/be。

若表示的愿望与过去事实相反，或与已经发生的事实相反，宾语从句谓语需用过去完成时或could／would have done／been。（注意：不管wish用一般现在时或过去时，上述规则不变。）见下例：

(1) I wish I were as strong as you．

(2) I wish I had paid more attention to my pronunciation.

(3) I wished he would try again．

(4) She wished sincerely that she might do something to comfort him．

(5) Monica wished she hadn't come．

(6) I wish longer this morning，but had to get up and come to class．

a．have dept b．slept c．might have slept d. could have slept（答案d．CET－4'95／4）

（2）would rather that…

would rather后面引导宾语从句的that不可省略。根据所要表达的不同意思，从句谓语可用一般过去时、过去完成时，还可用动词原形。用一般过去时，表达与现在事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表达与过去事实相反的愿望；用动词原形仅仅表示主句主语希望从句主语做某事的愿望。见下例：

(1) Henry would rather that his girl friend worked in the same department as he does．（事实是他的女朋友在另一个部门工作。）

(2) Tom would rather that Jack had gone to class yesterday.（事实是杰克昨天没去上课。）

(3)We would rather that he take this train．（希望他乘坐这趟火车。）

（注：根据多年我国各种测试的情况看，似乎只考宾语从句谓语用一般过去时的情况，而且在没有给出上下文的情况下，把用动词原形视为错误，如1993年6月的CET－6第66题。）见下例：

(4) I'd rather you _____ those important documents with you．

a. not take

b. don't take

c. won't take

d. didn't take（要求选d为正确答案）

（3）if only／Oh，that…！（表达一种强烈的愿望，用法同wish）见下例：

(1) If only he knew how we miss him！

(2) If could only see him once!

(3) Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____ your advice!

a．follow b．had followed c. would follow d．have followed（答案b．CET－4'93／6）

(4) Oh that could fly！

（4）as if/as though

如果表达的是与现在事实相反的情况，谓语用一般过去时；如果表达的是与过去事实相反的情况，谓语用过去完成时，而不管主句谓语用一般现在时或过去时。见下例：

(1) It seems as if it was/were spring already.

2) They talked／are talking as if they had been friends for years．

（注：需要指出的是，并非所有由as if/as though引导的从句谓语均要用虚拟语气。如果as if从句表达的意思是根据当时的事实或已经表现出的迹象判断是很可能已经发生或即将发生的事情，从句谓语就用陈述语气，根据句意从句谓语可用一般现在时、现在完成时或将来时。）见下例：

(1) It looks as if it's going to rain．（有可能下雨）

(2) He talks as if he has known everything．

(3) It tastes as if it is made of chocolate．

3．虚拟条件句（或叫非真实条件句）

如果条件句所表达的是纯然假设的情况或是与事实完全相反的假设，或是发生的可能性极小，就称为虚拟条件句（或叫非真实条件句），分为下面三种情况：

虚拟将来：（从句）if…should/were to…，（主句）…would/could/might/should do/be

虚拟现在：（从句）if…did/were…，（主句）…would/could/might/should do/be

虚拟过去：（从句）if…had p．p…，（主句）…would／could／might／should have done／been

1）表示将来的虚拟条件句：谓语用should十动词原形，表示以未来不太可能发生为假设；谓语也可用were to，表示以未来绝对不会发生为假设。见下例：

(1) If I were to／should do it，I would do it in a different way．

(2) If they were to／should act like that again，we should criticize them severely．

2）与现在事实完全相反的假设或实现的可能性极小，从句谓语用一般过去时(be动词用were)，主句谓语用would ／could／might／should十动词原形。见下例：

(1) If had the time，I would certainly go．（but I don't have the time．）

(2) If were you，I would reconsider their proposal.（but I am not you．）

（注：以suppose/supposing和what if引导的从句，若特别强调假设的条件，可用虚拟语气）

(3) Suppose／Supposing your mends knew how you're behaving here，what would they think？

(4) "We will set out tomorrow．""What if it rained？"

3）与过去事实完全相反的假设，从句谓语用过去完成时，主句谓语用would／could／might十完成式。见下例：

(1)If I had left a little earlier，I would have caught the train．

(2) I could have done better if I had been more careful．

(3) If he hadn't been ill，he might have come．

4）省略if的虚拟条件倒装句：在正式书面英语中，如果条件句中包含有助动词had／should和were时，可省略if，

然后把它们置于从句主语之前。见下例：

(1) Had we made（=If we had made）adequate preparations，we might have succeeded．

(2) Should I go to university one day，I would study hard．

(3) Were it for（＝If it were not for）their assistance，we couldn't have got over the difficulties.

5）含蓄条件句

英语中有时假设的情况并非用if明确地表示出来，而是通过一定的词汇、句子结构、上下文或其它方式表示出来，这称为含蓄条件句。在这种条件句中，谓语也需用虚拟语气。可以引导含蓄条件句的有以下一些词汇和结构情况：

(1) We could have done better under more favorable conditions（= If conditions had been more favorable）．

(2) This change could not have taken place without a solid industrial foundation（= If the industrial foundation had been weak）．

(3) They reaped a yield twice as much as they would have done with local strains（=If they had used local strains）．

(4) That would have been considered miraculous in the past（= If it had taken place in the past）．

(5) He would have helped you，but he was so busy（= If he had not been so busy）．

(6)I was ill that day．Otherwise（=If I had not been ill that day）I would have taken part in the parade．

(7) He must have had an accident，or he _____ then．

a．would have been here b．had to be here c．should be here d．would be here（答案a．CET－4'90／1）（or＝otherwise=if he had not had an accident）

(8) It was so quiet that you could have heard a pin drop.（= If a pin had dropped）

(9) Because we had no drugs that might have saved him，Dr．Bethune died of septicaemia（败血症）．（=If we had drugs we might have saved him．）

(10) The computer accomplished in an hour what it would have taken 1000 men a year to do．（=If the amount of work done by the computer in an hour had been done by hand，it would have taken 1000 men to accomplish．）

(11) It would be a mistake not to help him．（=if we didn't help him）

(12) I wouldn't have acted as he did．（＝if were him）

(13) Only a fool would believe that．（＝If you believed it，you would be a fool．）

(14) A less brave man wouldn't have dared to work in the enemy headquarters.（=If a man had been less brave，he wouldn't have dared to work…）

(15) Another person could not have done it．（=If another person had been assigned to do it，he could not have done it．）

(16) Anybody in his position would have done the same．

(17) Five minutes earlier，we could have caught the last train．

a. and

b. but

c. or d．so（答案a．CET－4'93／6）

（Five minutes earlier=If we had arrived five minutes earlier）

(18) ______ the flood，he ship would have reached its destination on time．

a．In case of b．In spite of c．Because of d．But for（答案d．CET－6'90／1）

（but for the flood=if it had not been for the flood）（注：but for还可换用but that从句）

英语中的倒装

1 倒装句之全部倒装

全部倒装是完全倒装完全倒装是表示地点（方位）的adv或者介词短语在句首引起的。结构为“地点+谓语+主语+

其他成分”.常见的结构有：

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

There goes the bell.

Then came the chairman.

Here is your letter.

2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.

Ahead sat an old woman.

注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是代词则不能完全倒装。

区别：Here comes the bus.

Here it comes.

Here he comes.Away they went.

2 倒装句之部分倒装

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, 及no-构成的词和词组（not until, in no way, on no account等短语），需要注意隐性否定词seldom, few, little, hardly, scarcely等在句首要部分倒装。

Never have I seen such a performance.

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

Hardly/Scarcely had he arrived when/before his wife began to complaint.

当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。

I have never seen such a performance.

The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

【典型例题】

1)Why can't I smoke here?

At no time___ in the meeting-room

A. is smoking permitted

B.smoking is permitted

C. smoking is it permitted

D.does smoking permit

答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.

A. man did know

B. man know

C. didn't man know

D. did man know

答案D.看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。

改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。

3 以否定词开头作部分倒装

如Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than(注意此处的时态问题: Hardly/Scarcely…when, No soone r… than中,Hardly/Scarcely加过去完成时,when后用过去时.No sooner后用过去完成时,than后用过去时) Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

【典型例题】

No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.

A. the game began

B.has the game begun

C. did the game begin

D.had the game begun

答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及no t only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when等等。

注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also 仅连接两个并列词语且做主语时，不可用倒装结构。

Not only you but also I am fond of music.

4 so, neither, nor表示前文情况也适合于后者时，部分倒装。

表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。

Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

If you won't go, neither will I.

【典型例题】

---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?

---I don't know, _____.

A. nor don't I care

B. nor do I care

C. I don't care neither

D. I don't care also

答案：B. nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用don't 再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D 缺乏连词。

注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。

Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.

---It's raining hard.---So it is.

5 only在句首修饰状语（或者状语从句）要倒装的情况

Only in this way, can you learn English well.

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装

Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

注意：修饰主语不倒装。

Only what the manager said is reasonable.

6 as, though 引导的倒装句

as 引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。though引导让步从句也可以提前，可以不提前。

注意：

1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。

2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to d o the work satisfactorily.

注意:

让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是though 和yet可连用。理由：两个句子只需要一连接词，though和but都是连接词，多余。yet是adv可以和连接词一起连用。

7 其他倒装情形：

（1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

（2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：

May you all be happy.

（3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。

Were I you, I would try it again.

注意：此种情况，只把were, had, should提前，否定词not不能提前。

If it were not for the expense, I would go to Italy.

省略if后，变为：Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy.

【典型例题】：

1）Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is

A. man did know

B. man knew

C. didn't man know

D. did man know

答案为D.否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。

2）Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.

A. didn't I realize

B. did I realize

C. I didn't realize

D. I realize

答案为B。

3)Do you know Tom bought a new car?

I don't know, ___.

A. nor don't I care

B. nor do I care

C. I don't care neither

D. I don't care also

解析：答案为B.句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而neither, nor 用在否定句中。

（4）表示强调，引起的倒装。

Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.

Happy is he who devotes himself to the cause of communism.

Great have been our achievements since 1978.

Involved the problem are some teaching methods.

Written on the label is the model of the machine.

A very reliable person he is.

Very important in our lives is reading.

一、部分倒装

将谓语中的助动词或情态动词置于主语之前，就是部分倒装。部分倒装通常出现在以下场合：

1. 陈述句变为疑问句时，主语和谓语要部分倒装。例如：

They are talking about the new film. → Are they talking about the new film？

They are talking about the new film. → What are they doing？

2. “ only ＋状语/ 状语从句”位于句首时，句子的主语或主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。例如：

Only yesterday afternoon did I finish my experiment.

Only in this way can you catch up with your classmates.

Only when you get to the top of the mountain can you see the tower.

3. 表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，主语和谓语要部分倒装。例如：

Never shall I do the same thing again.

Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.

Hardly had we finished our dinner when the electricity was cut off.

4. 在含有had ，were ，should 的虚拟条件句中，可以省略if ，将had ，were ，should 放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。例如：

Had you come here，you would have met the film star.

Were I you，I would take the money.

Should any one come to set me free，I would make him very rich.

5. 在so … that …句式中，如果so 引导的部分前置，主句中的主语和谓语需用部分倒装。例如：

So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.

6. 当so，neither，nor 位于句首时，可将其后与上面重复的谓语的一部分置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。例如：

— He has been to Beijing.

— So have I.

—Liu Jia can’t answer the question.

— Neither/Nor can Lai Fan.

说明：

1 ）so 位于句首时，具备三个条件才可以将主语和谓语部分倒装：① so 表示“也”的意思；②上句是简单句的肯定句；③上句的主语和so 引导的句子主语不同。如果so 所在的分句的主语与上句的主语相同，这时so 的意思是“的确”，so 分句中的主、谓语无须倒装。例如：

— Jenny has decided to turn in the wallet.

— So she has.

2 ）上面的句子有两个或两个以上的分句，而且这些分句中的谓语动词又不属于同一类型，但它们所陈述的情况也适合另一个人或物时，常用的结构为：So it is/was with … 例如：

— Li Juan is a pretty girl and she studies in No.1 Middle School of Enshi.

— So it is with Meng Lu.

二、完全倒装

将整个谓语部分置于主语之前即为完全倒装。这种完全倒装的语序出现在下列场合：

1. away ，down ，up ，in ，out 等副词位于句首且主语为名词时，可将come ，go 等表示位置转移的动词放在主语之前；但主语为代词时，主语和谓语不倒装。例如：

The door opened and in came the teacher.

Down he sat by the table.

2. here 和there 位于句首，且主语为名词时，可将主语和谓语全部倒装。例如：

Here is your rice.

There goes the bell.

3. 当句首的表语或状语是表示地点的介词短语时，句子中的主语和谓语要全部倒装。例如：

On the front wall is a blackboard. On the back wall hangs a map of China.

4. 有时为了使上下文紧密衔接，也要用完全倒装。例如：

They arrived at a farmhouse，in front of which sat a small boy.

5. 直接引语前置，引导语中的主语是名词时，主语、谓语通常要完全倒装。例如：

“ Something is wrong with the machine，” said Xiao Dan.

［巩固练习］

1. Look，___________.

A. here the bus comes

B. here is the bus coming

C. here comes the bus

D. here the bus is coming

2. Out ___________，with a stick in his hand.

A. did Mike rush

B. rushed Mike

C. Mike rushed

D. Mike did rush

3. ___________，yo u can’t lift yourself up.

A. Even you’re strong

B. In spite you’re strong

C. How strong you are

D. Strong as you are

4. Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages ___________ them well.

A. you can learn

B. can you learn

C. you learned

D. did you learn

5. Never before ___________ seen such a wonderful film.

A. am I

B. was I

C. have I

D. shall I

6. Not only ___________ to stay at home，but he was also forbidden to telephone his friends.

A. he was forcing

B. he was forced

C. was he forcing

D. was he forced

7. No sooner ___________ asleep than she heard a knock at the door.

A. she had fallen

B. had she fallen

C. she had fell

D. had she fell

8. Hardly ___________ down ___________ he stepped in.

A. had I sat；when

B. I had sat；when

C. had I sat；when

D. had I sat；than

9. — She has passed the exam.

— ___________.

A. So am I

B. So have I

C. So I have

D. So I am

10. —He didn’t meet Mr Smith.

— ___________.

A. Neither did she

B. Nor didn’t she

C. Neither she did

D. So didn’t she

Key ：

1.C

2. B

3. D

4. B

5. C

6. D

7. B

8. A

9. B 10. A

1、全部倒装

(1)there be 句型

There is going to be a meeting.

There is a book on the table.

(2)here, there, now, then, in, out等副词置于句首时，主谓倒装，但如果主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不倒装，如，Here comes the bus.

Here he comes.

(3)直接引语的部分或全部位于句首时，有时也用倒装，如，"What he said meant nothing", said the teacher.

(4)为保持句子平衡，强调表语或状语，使上下文紧密衔接时须完全倒装，如，In front of the house sat a small boy.

2、部分倒装

(1)so, neither, nor置于句首说明与前者情况一致时，如，

I like swimming, so does my brother.

(2)only +状语放在句首，如，Only through this method can we win.

Only in this way can we do the work well.

(3)含有否定意义的词置于句首，如，Hardly, scarcely, not, seldom, no sooner, never, little, at no time, in no way, no more等，如，Never had I heard that.

Little did I know about this.

(4)以often, so +形容词或副词开头的句子，如，

So heavy is the box that he cannot carry it.

5)用于省略if的虚拟条件句中，将had, were, should提前，如，

Were I you, I wouldn't do that.

Had he come, we would have won.

(6)用于某些表示祝愿的句中，如，

May you be happy for ever.

II.例题

自考本科英汉互译-汉译英常用结构和句型

汉译英常用结构和句型 一、主语 （一）主语的确定：汉语中长主语，短谓语的句子翻译，即戏称“头大身子小”的句型。【“尾重” 原则（end weight）】 1. 我国政府愿意在平等互利、相互开放、长期合作、共同发展的基础上，进一步加强同亚洲各国 的经济合作和贸易交流。 The Chinese government stands ready to further strengthen economic cooperation and trade ties with other Asianations on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, mutual openness, long-term cooperation and common development. 2. 未来老百姓的生活会更好。 × The life of the people in the future will be better. √ The people will lead/ live a better life in the future. 3. 中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国西部开发的机会将越来越多。 × The opportunities for foreign businesses to participate in China’s development of the western region will increase. √ Foreign businesses will have more and more opportunities to participate in China’s development of the western region. 4. 浙江大学建校100年来，办学取得了巨大成功。 × Zhejiang University has been established for more than 100 years, and made great achievements / made a huge success in its school running. √ Zhejiang University has made great achievements / made a huge success in its school running since its establishment 100 years ago. 5. 该产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。 This product is chiefly characterized by its fine workmanship and durability. 6. 语言这个东西不是随便就可以学好的，非下苦工夫不可。 The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 7. 如今，年过半百的他还是时常想起自己童年时代的玩伴。 Even now, memories of his childhood playmates haunt the man in his fifties. 8. 我们相信，在新的一年里，通过双方的努力，我们的业务和友好合作关系会得到发展。 We believe we will be able to develop business relations and friendly cooperation through our common efforts in the coming year. 9. 尽管己退居二线，他的工作热情丝毫不减。 He works enthusiastically as ever even though he has retired from the leading post. 10. 我来到杭州教书，完全是一个巧合。 It has been an unexpected piece of luck for me to become a teacher in Hangzhou. 11. 进行社会主义现代化建设，必须尊重知识，尊重人才。 In our drive for socialist modernization, we must respect knowledge and talented people. （二）名词化 12. 捕获萨达姆·侯赛因并不意味着在伊拉克的冲突会就此结束。 The capture of Saddam Hussein does not mean the end of conflict in Iraq. 13. 医疗服务不能改变预期寿命，许多当代的临床护理在治病中所起的作用也并不重要，这些事实 都是有据可查的。 The impotence of medical services to change life expectancy and insignificance of much contemporary clinical care in the curing of disease are all well-documented. 14. 中国加入世界贸易组织，将为中国和亚洲以及世界各国各地区经济的发展注入新的活力。 China’s entry into the WTO will instill new vitality into the economic growth of China as well as other countries and regions in Asia and beyond. 15. 坚持一个中国的原则，是实现和平统一的基础和前提。 Adherence to the principle of one China is the basis and premise for peaceful reunification.

大学英语四级必备知识点知识点汇总

英语四级必备知识点 （1）*短语 1.Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。 2.God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者。 3.Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。 4.Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。 5.One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，谬之千里。 6.Slow and steady wins the race.稳扎稳打无往而不胜。 7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。 8.Experience is the mother of wisdom.实践出真知。 9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy.只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻。 10.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。 11.More hasty,less speed.欲速则不达。

12.It's never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。 13.All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。 14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。 15.Look before you leap.三思而后行。 16.Rome was not built in a day.伟业非一日之功。 17.Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。 18.well begun,half done.好的开始等于成功的一半。 19.It is hard to please all.众口难调。 20.Out of sight,out of mind.眼不见，心不念。 21.Facts speak plainer than words.事实胜于雄辩。 22.Call back white and white back.颠倒黑白。 23.First things first.凡事有轻重缓急。 24.Ill news travels fast.坏事传千里。 25.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。

英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题及解析

2016年英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题 参考答案与解析 11. How can I concentrate if you _________ continually ______ me with silly questions? A. have… interrupted B. are… interrupted C. had… interrupting D. were… interrupting 选A。虽然我觉得更应该说you are continually interrupting me with silly questions。不过这里用现在完成时表示的是一个动作发生过成为过去经历，有可能多次发生，也就是打断一次、两次、三次等等不断重复到现在。 12. Among the four sentences below, Sentence ___ expresses the highest degree of possibility? A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem. B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem. C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem. D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem. 选D。四个里把握度最高的是should，其次是may，最后是might和could。 13. She is a better speaker than _____ in the class. A. any boy B. the other boys C. other any girl D. all the girls 选A。主语是she，女的，所以不能选B。C的正确说法是any other girl。 14. Nobody heard him sing, ______? A. did one B. did he C. didn’t they D. did they 选B。根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）317页，nobody这种附加疑问句，书面语里用he。口语里偶见they。实际上，现代英语里为了避免有语言歧视（为什么只有he，没有she），很多人都避免只用he，而多改为they。 15. I can’t put up with ________. A. that friend of you B. that friend of yours C. the friend of you D. the friend of yours 选B。根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）57-58页，这种双重属格结构所修饰的名词可带a, any, some等表示非确定特指的限定词，但通常不带定冠词。比如a daughter of Mrs. Green’s, any/some daughters of Mrs/ Green’s。 16. There has been an increasing number of _______ in primary schools in the past few years. A. man teacher B. men teacher C. man teachers D. men teachers 选D。合成名词复数，man/woman这种，两种都要变成复数，比如women drivers。

现代大学英语四级写作资料(1)

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大学英语四级词汇表带音标

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2.Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 3.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。 4.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 5. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 6. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 7. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 8. 班门弄斧 Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 9. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。

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