英国文学期末考试复习要点

英国文学期末考试复习要点

1.英国最早的居民：凯尔特人Celts

2.英语语言起源于盎格鲁萨克斯ANGLO-SAXON部落融合统一之后，发展于诺曼征服Norman Conquest之后。

3.古代文学两个分支（异教徒文学Pagan和基督文学Christian）；BEOWULF文学地位（英国的民族史诗national epic of England），人物角色(Beowulf,Grendel, Grendel's mother, Fire Dragon,Wiglef)，修辞手法（头韵法alliteration，暗喻metaphor，低调陈述understatement）

4.诺曼征服人物William the Conqueror，骑士Romance文学年代（中世纪14th-16TH）, 《高文和绿衣骑士的故事》Sir Gawain and the Green Knight（亚瑟王传说最佳作品）P.21选段，反映的是英国的故事matters of Britain。骑士的优良传统美德（忠诚loyalty）

5.威廉朗莱德William Langland作品《耕者皮尔斯》Piers the Plowman（十四世纪以梦境dream vision呈现的作品）

6.乔叟Chaucer地位（诗歌之父Father of English Poetry），主要作品The Canteberry Tales，文学贡献（英雄双行体Heroic Couplet，净化purified LONDON 音dialect），葬于西敏寺大教堂Westminster Abbey，为此建立诗人角Poet's Corner；《坎特伯雷故事集》主要人物（32 朝圣者pilgrims），选作P45(时间April，地点Tabard Inn，人物，巴斯妇人的故事Wife of Bath)，抑扬五步格iambic pentameter （轻音unstressed syllable+重音stressed syllable）

7.实行政教分离者（亨利八世Henry VIII）Religious Reformation:The King broke off with the Pope.

8.托马斯摩尔Thomas More的《乌托邦》Utopia，宣扬财产property与困境poverty 分离和建立理想国度ideal state。

9.托马斯怀亚特Thomas Wyatt把十四行诗sonnet引入英国，分离为莎士比亚体Shakespearian Sonnet和斯宾塞体Spencerian Sonnet，十四行诗源于意大利

西西里Sicily

10.斯宾塞Edmund Spencer诗歌作品：《仙后》The Fairy Queene《牧人日志》The Shepherd's Calendar

11.莎士比亚生涯（演员，剧院生活）；四大悲剧Hamlet Othello, King Lear, Macbeth；哈姆雷特选段P.76.(TO BE OR NOT TO BE 的意思matter of life and death)；无韵诗运用blank verse《罗密欧与朱丽叶》;十四行诗组成：三个四行体QUARTRAIN+一个对偶句COUPLET) 12.本琼斯Ben Johnson为莎士比亚戏剧的继承人

13.马洛Christoph Marlowe属“大学才子”University Wits，和莎士比亚同时代的戏剧家

14.培根Francis Bacon受贿经历Bribery，囚禁于伦敦塔London Tower；地位（英国散文奠基人Founder of English Essays）；58篇散文作品如《论爱情》Of Love 《论读书》Of Studies（意思读懂，如SLOTH 表示懒惰）

15.17世纪为革命时期，代表诗人（弥尔顿Milton）

16.玄学派metaphysical school代表人物（多恩John Donne）

17.约翰德莱顿John Dyeden的身份（批评家，诗人和剧作家），主张“三一律”unities of time place and character（时间，地点和人物），把英雄戏剧Heroic play引入英国

18.塞缪尔琼生Samuel Johnson为《大英词典》A Great Dictionary of the English Language的编写者，利于英语语言的发展。

19.弥尔顿三大史诗Paradise Lost,Paradise Regained, Samson Agnistes 作品均来源于《圣经》the Bible；《失乐园》故事情节，人物，撒旦Satan英雄人物形象，选作P146(撒旦鼓舞小鬼们的一段话will of Satan)

20.班杨John Bunyan代表作《天路历程》The Pilgrim's Progress，寓言诗歌式的作品religious allegory

21.18TH:启蒙运动The Enlightenment主张（资产阶级反封建主义feudalism），文学流派：现实主义小说兴起，感伤主义Sentimentalism（史泰恩Lawrence Sterne 作品《一次感伤的旅行》A Sentimental Journey，格雷Thomas Gray《墓园挽歌》Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard；哥特小说（雪莱夫人Mary Shelley《科学怪人》Frankenstein和《奥兰多城堡》The Castle of Ortrando）；前浪漫主义诗歌代表布莱克William Blake和彭斯Robert Burns （彭斯代表诗歌《红玫瑰》A Red Red Rose和《友谊地久天长》Auld Lang Syre

22.笛福Daniel Defoe地位（英国小说和欧洲小说之父Father of English and European Novels）；经历（因写作带上木枷示众三天pillory punishment）；作品《鲁宾逊漂流记》Robinson Crusoe 来源（苏格兰水手的生活）

23.斯威夫特Johnnason Swift作品《格列夫游记》Gulliver's Travels《一个温和的

建议》 A Modest Proposal故事情节（小人国Lilliput，大人国Brodingnag，飞岛国Laputa和慧马国），地位（英国最伟大的讽刺作家satirist ）

24.亨利菲尔丁Henry Fielding作品《弃儿汤姆琼斯》Tom Jones，一说为英国小说奠基人（PROSE IN HOMER）

25.19TH：浪漫主义的开端作品为《抒情歌谣集》Lyrical Ballads（华兹华斯Wordsworth和柯勒律治Coleridge的合著）；湖畔派代表人物三位还包括Southery

26.华兹华斯主要诗歌作品（重点注意THE PRELUDE；选作P19.诗歌I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud的另外一个名字为《水仙花》Daffodils

27.拜伦Byron主要诗歌作品；《唐璜》Don Juan内容，诗歌体为意大利八行体ottama rima，课文为特例六行体，注意韵律为ABABCC。）

28.雪莱Shelley主要诗歌作品；《西风颂》Ode to the West Wind中西风的象征意义，

选作P55.“破坏者”destroyer和“保护者”preserver的意思

29.简奥斯汀Jane Austen主要小说作品，作品的主题（爱情与婚姻）；《傲慢与偏见》主要人物；选作P124.修辞手法（反讽irony）及作用（奠定全文基调set the tone）30.狄更斯Charles Dickens主要作品如《雾都孤儿》Oliver Twist ，地位（维多利亚时期最主要代表）

31.勃朗特三姐妹The Bronte Sisters代表作品：夏洛蒂Charlotte《简爱》Jane Eyre 《男家庭教师》The Professor；艾米丽Emily《呼啸山庄》Wuthering Heights；安妮Anne

英国文学期末复习题目

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王守仁《英国文学选读》译文汇总.

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