新编英语教程6 练习与答案

高级英语（二）

教与学指南

Practice Tests

for Advanced English(2)

主编张华鸿

前言

编写本书的目的：

目前英语专业三年级所使用的由上海外国语大学李观仪教授主编的〈新编英语教程〉第五、六册

本书的主要特点：

1．紧扣精读课文编写练习，实用性、针对性强。

2．对于同义词辨析的练习配以详尽的解释和相应的例句，旨在帮助学生真正弄懂并掌握这些词的用法。

3．设计了旨在提高学生语言运用熟练程度的系列练习，分别为：

一、英语释义

二、英语句型转换

三、汉译英

四、完形填空

五、成段改错

4．练习均配有参考答案。

本书由张华鸿主编。高华老师负责编写同义词辨析部分；郑艳丽老师负责编写句型转换部分；张华鸿老师负责编写英语释义、汉译英、完形填空和成段改错四部分，以及全书的编排、设计、整合与审编定稿等工作。

本书承华南师范大学外国语言文化学院领导的大力支持，以及英语系高年级教研室全体同仁的热心帮助，编者在此表示衷心的感谢。

编者

2003年1月

于华南师范大学外文学院

Contents

Unit One: VESUVIUS ERUPTS 3 Unit Two: THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF16 Unit Three: WALLS AND BARRIERS28 Unit Four: THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？40 Unit Five: THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？53 Unit Six: DULL WORK65 Unit Seven:BEAUTY 74 Unit Eight: APPETITE84 Unit Nine: A RED LIGHT FOR SCOFFLAWS98 Unit Ten: STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY114

131 Unit Eleven: ON CONSIGNING MANUSCRIPTS TO

FLOPPY DISCS AND ARCHIVES TO OBLIVION

Unit Twelve: GRANT AND LEE147 Unit Thirteen: EUPHEMISM163 Unit Fourteen: THAT ASTOUNDING CREATOR---NA TURE175 Unit Fifteen: TEACHING AS MOUNTAINEERING191

Unit One

TEXT I

VESUVIUS ERUPTS

I. Paraphrase the parts underlined in the following:

So the letter which you asked me to write on my uncle?s death has made you eager to hear about the terrors and also the hazards I had to face 1when left at Misenum, for I 2broke off at the beginning of this part of my story.

I took a bath, dined, and then dozed 3fitfully for a while. For several days past there had been earth 4tremors which were not particularly alarming because they are frequent in Campania: but that night the shocks were so violent that everything fell as if it were not only shaken but overturned.

I don?t know whether I sh ould call this courage or 5folly on my part (I was only seventeen at the time) but I 6called for a volume of Livy and went on reading as if I had nothing else to do.

Up came a friend of my uncle?s who had just come from Spain to join him. When he saw us sitting there and me actually reading, he scolded us both —me for my 7foolhardiness and my mother for allowing it.

By now it was dawn [25 August in the year 79], but the light was still dim and 8faint. The buildings round us were already 9tottering, and the open space we were in was too small for us not to be in real and 10imminent danger if the house collapsed. This finally 11decided us to leave the town. We were followed by a panic- stricken mob of people wanting to act on someone else?s decision 12in preference to their own (a point in which fear looks like 13prudence), who 14hurried us on our way by pressing hard behind in a dense crowd.

We also saw the sea sucked away and apparently forced back by the earthquake: at any rate it receded from the shore so that 15quantities of sea creatures were left 16stranded on dry sand. On the landward side a fearful black cloud was 17rent by forked and quivering bursts of flame, and parted to reveal great tongues of fire, like flashes of lightning magnified in size.

At t his point my uncle?s friend from Spain 18spoke up still more urgently: “If your brother, if your uncle is still alive, he will want you both to be saved; if he is dead, he would want you to survive him so why put off your escape?”

Soon afterwards the cloud sank down to earth and covered the sea; it had already 19blotted out Capri and hidden the promontory of Misenum from sight. Then my mother 20implored, entreated, and commanded me to escape as best I could

I looked round: a dense black cloud was coming up behind us, spreading over the earth like a flood. “Let us leave the road while we can still see,” I said, “or we shall be knocked down and 21trampled underfoot in the dark by the crowd behind.”

You could hear the shrieks of women, the 22wailing of infants, and the shouting of men; some were calling their parents, others their children or their wives, trying to recognize them by their voices. People 23bewailed their own fate or that of their relatives, and there were some who 24prayed for death in their terror of dying. Many 25besought the aid of the gods, but still more imagined there were no gods left, and that the universe was plunged into eternal darkness forevermore. There were people, too, who 26added to the real perils by

inventing 27fictitious dangers: some reported that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, and though their tales were false they found others to believe them. A 28gleam of light returned, but we took this to be a warning of the approaching flames rather

than daylight.

I could boast that not a groan or cry of fear 29escaped me in these perils, 30had I not derived some poor consolation in my mortal lot from the belief that the whole world was dying with me and I with it.

We returned to Misenum where we 31attended to our physical needs as best we could, and then spent an anxious night alternating between hope and fear.

II. Rewrite the following

For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.

1. We were followed by a panic-stricken mob of people wanting to act on someone else?s decision in preference to their own, who hurried us on our way by pressing hard behind in a dense crowd.

Panic-stricken, the mob of people close behind us ___________ _ 2. We replied that we would not think of considering our own safety as long as we were uncertain of his.

Unless we were ___________________________________

3. There were people, too, who added to the real perils by inventing fictitious dangers: some reported that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, and though their tales were false they found others to believe them.

By reporting that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, _______ 4. I could boast that not a groan or cry of fear escaped me in these perils, had I not derived some poor consolation in my mortal lot from the belief that the whole world was dying with me and I with it.

Because I derived some poor consolation_____________________

5. Several hysterical individuals made their own and other people?s calamities seem ludicrous in comparison with their frightful predictions.

Compared with several individuals? frightful predictions, the calamities____________

III. Translate the following into English

1. 还未等我们坐下来喘息，夜幕已经降临，这黑暗使你觉得不是在无月色或多云的夜

晚，而像是在灯火熄灭的紧闭的房间里。你到处都可以听到女人惊慌的尖叫，幼童的嚎啕，以及男人不安的叫喊。人们有的呼喊它们的父母，有的呼喊他们的妻儿，试图通过声音来辨认出自己的亲人；有的人悲叹自己和亲人的厄运，有的则在面临死亡的恐惧中祈求死神给他以解脱。许多人企盼神灵的帮助，但更多的人则认为这世界根本不存在神灵——宇宙再次陷入了永恒的黑暗之中。

2. 一远离了建筑物，我们就停了下来。在那里，我们遇到了一些不寻常的事情，令我们恐慌不已。我们叫来的几辆马车还未被带出来就开始四处乱窜，尽管地面平坦，又用石块楔，马车还是停不下来。我们还看到地震使海水猛然退下去，然后又明显地涌回来，总之海水从岸上退下去导致了大量的海洋生物搁浅在干沙上，白白等死。在朝着陆地的方向，一片黑压压的乌云被颤动着的烈焰撕开，露出几条巨大的火舌，看上去就像几道放大了的闪电。

3. 到处笼罩着一片恐惧的气氛，因为余震尚未停止，而且有些情绪失控的人在散布一

些可怕的预言，与他们的预言相比，她们自己的灾难和其他人的灾难显得非常荒唐可笑。但即使是在那时，尽管我们已经经历过那些危险的遭遇，尚且还有可能再次经历这些危险，母亲和我在知道舅舅的下落之前仍不打算离开。

4. 最后，黑暗消散成为烟云，接着迎来了真正的阳光，太阳真的出来的，但它周围的

圆晕使它显得像是在发生日食。看到所有的东西都变了样，被深深地埋在废墟和火山灰里，我们吓了一跳。我们返回迈斯林，尽力去满足自己的生理需求，然后怀着希望和恐慌的心情度过了一个焦虑的夜晚。5. 现在已是破晓时分（公元78年8月25日），天色依然昏暗。我们周围的建筑物已经摇摇欲坠，我们所在的空地太小了，所以万一房子倒塌的话，我们就会遭受没顶之灾。这促使我们终于决定离开这个小镇。我们后面跟着一大群惊慌失措的难民，他们完全没了自己的主意，只好随波逐流。（在这种情况下恐惧貌似谨慎）这一大群密密麻麻的人拼命往前挤，我们只好加快步伐逃生。

IV. Cloze

Complete each of the words with initial letters given in the following:

By now it was dawn [25 August in the year 79], but the light was still dim and faint. The buildings (1)r us were already tottering, and the open (2)s we were in was too small for us (3)n to be in real and imminent (4)d if the house collapsed. This (5)f decided us to leave the town. We were (6)f by a panic- stricken mob of people wanting to (7)a on someone else?s decision in (8)p to their own (a point in (9)w fear looks like prudence), who hurried us on our way by (10)p hard behind in a dense crowd.

Once beyond the buildings we stopped, and there we had some extraordinary experiences (11)w thoroughly alarmed us. The carriages we had ordered to be brought out began to run in (12)d directions though the (13)g was quite level, and would not remain stationary even when wedged (14)w stones. We also saw the sea sucked (15)a and apparently forced back by the earthquake: at any rate it receded (16)f the shore so that quantities of sea (17)c were left stranded on dry sand. On the landward side a (18)f black cloud was rent by forked and quivering (19)b of flame, and parted to reveal (20)g tongues of fire, like flashes of lightning magnified in size.

V. Proofreading

The following passages contain several errors each, each line with a maximum of one error. And ATTENTION, some lines might be free from error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct the errors in the following way:

For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the

blank provided at the end of the line.

For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign and

write the word you believe to be missing in the blank

provided at the end of the line.

For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “\” and put the

word in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For a correct line, place a tick “√”in the blank provided at the end of the line.

Text II

Rewrite the following

For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.

1. The major land masses and the ocean basins are today much as they have been

throughout the greater part of geologic time.

The major land masses and the ocean basins have not______________________ _ 2. With few exceptions, islands are the results of the violent, explosive, earth-shaking eruptions of submarine volcanoes, working perhaps for millions of years to achieve their end.

Almost all islands result_____________________________________________ __ 3. It is one of the paradoxes in the ways of earth and sea that a process seemingly so destructive, so catastrophic in nature, can result in an act of creation.

An act of creation can result from such____________________________________

4. Whether the destruction of an island comes quickly or only after long ages of geological time may also depend on external forces.

An island may be destroyed quickly or only after long ages of geological time, _______ 5. The birth of a volcanic island is an event marked by prolonged and violent travail.

It takes prolonged and violent travail______________________________________

References to the exercises

Text I

I. Paraphrase

1. the hazards I had to face when left at Misenum: when I was left

2. I broke off at the beginning of this part of my story: stopped

3. I…dozed fitfully for a while: restlessly

4. there had been earth tremors: shaking moments of the ground

5. whether I should call this courage or folly: foolishness

6. I called for a volume of Livy: collected

7. he scolded…me for my foolhardiness: taking useless risk

8. the light was still dim and faint: lacking brightness

9. The buildings round us were already tottering: moving in an unsteady way from side to side as if about to fall

10.to be in real and imminent danger: approaching

11.They finally decided us to leave the town: caused us to make a choice

12.to act on someone else's decision in preference to their own: rather than

13.fear looks like prudence: self-possession

14.who hurried us on our way by pressing hard behind : pressed hard behind so that we had to hurry on our way

15.quantities of sea creatures: plenty

16.were left stranded on dry sand: in a helpless position

17.a fearful black cloud was rent by…bursts of flame: split

18.my uncle's friend from Spain spoke up still more urgently: spoke more loudly

19.it had already blotted out Capri: covered

20.my mother implored, entreated, and commanded me to escape: asked in a begging manner, begged humbly

21.we shall be knocked down and trampled underfoot: crushed under the feet

22.the wailing of infants: long cry suggesting grief

23.People bewailed their own fate: wept to express deep sorrow for

24.who prayed for death in their terror of dying: wished to die sooner

25.Many besought the aid of the gods: asked anxiously

26.who added to the real perils: increased

27.by inventing fictitious dangers: untrue

28.A gleam of light returned: sudden flash

29.not a groan or cry of fear escaped me in these perils: was made unconsciously by

30.had I not derived some consolation in my mortal lot from the belief that the whole world was dying with me and I with it: because I got some comfort in my dying fate, as I believed

31.we attended to our physical needs: satisfied ourselves with food and shelter

II. Rewrite the following

1. Pani c-stricken, the mob of people close behind us wanted to act on someone else?s decision in preference to their own and hurried us on our way by pressing hard behind in

a dense crowd.

2. Unless we were certain of his safety, we replied, we would not think of considering our own.

3. By reporting that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, some people added to the real perils by inventing such fictitious dangers, and found others, yet, to believe these false tales.

4. Because I derived some poor consolation in my mortal lot from the belief that the whole world was dying with me and I was it, I could boast that not a groan or cry of fear escaped me in these perils.

5. Compared with several individuals? frightful predictions, the calamities both of their own and of others? seemed to be ludicrous.

III. Translate the following into English

1. We had scarcely sat down to rest when darkness fell, not the dark of a moonless or cloudy night, but as if the lamp had been put out in a closed room. You could hear the shrieks of women, the wailing of infants, and the shouting of men; some were calling their parents, others their children or their wives, trying to recognize them by their voices. People bewailed their own fate or that of their relatives, and there were some who prayed for death in their terror of dying. Many besought the aid of the gods, but still more imagined there were no gods left, and that the universe was plunged into eternal darkness forevermore.

2. Once beyond the buildings we stopped, and there we had some extraordinary experiences which thoroughly alarmed us. The carriages we had ordered to be brought out began to run in different directions though the ground was quite level, and would not remain stationary even when wedged with stones. We also saw the sea sucked away and apparently forced back by the earthquake: at any rate it receded from the shore so that

quantities of sea creatures were left stranded on dry sand. On the landward side a fearful black cloud was rent by forked and quivering bursts of flame, and parted to reveal great tongues of fire, like flashes of lightning magnified in size.

3. Fear predominated, for the earthquakes went on, and several hysterical individuals made their own and other people?s calamities seem ludicrous in comparison with their frightful predictions. But even then, in spite of the dangers we had been through and were still expecting, my mother and I had still no intention of leaving until we had news of my uncle.

4. At last the darkness thinned and dispersed into smoke or cloud; then there was genuine daylight, and the sun actually, shone out, but yellowish as it is during an eclipse. We were terrified to see everything changed, buried deep in ashes like snowdrifts. We returned to Misenum where we attended to our physical needs as best we could, and then spent an anxious night alternating between hope and fear.

5. By now it was dawn [25 August in the year 79], but the light was still dim and faint. The buildings round us were already tottering, and the open space we were in was too small for us not to be in real and imminent danger if the house collapsed. This finally decided us to leave the town. We were followed by a panic- stricken mob of people wanting to act on someone else?s decision in preference to their own (a point in which fear looks like prudence), who hurried us on our way by pressing hard behind in a dense crowd.

IV. Cloze

(1)round (2)space (3)not (4)danger (5)finally (6)followed (7)act (8)preference (9)which (10)pressing (11)which (12)different (13)ground (14)with (15)away (16)from (17)creatures (18)fearful (19)burst (20)great

V

Text II

Rewrite the following

1. The major land masses and the ocean basins have not changed much throughout the greater part of geologic time.

2. Almost all islands result from the violent, explosive, earth-shaking eruptions of submarine volcanoes, working perhaps for millions of years to achieve their end.

3. An act of creation can result from such a process seemingly so destructive, so catastrophic in nature, which is one of the paradoxes in the ways of earth and sea.

4. An island may be destroyed quickly to only after long ages of geological time, which may also depend on external forces.

5. It takes prolonged and violent travail for a volcanic island to come into being.

Unit Two

TEXT I

THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF

I. Paraphrase the parts underlined in the following:

“Never put off till tomorrow,” 1exhorted Lord Chesterfield in 1749, “what you can do today.”? That the elegant earl never 2got around to marrying his son?s mother and had a bad habit of keeping 3worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours in an anteroom 4attests to the fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been postponers ever. Quintus Fabius Maximus, one of the great Roman generals, was 5dubbed “Cunctator” (Delayer) for putting off battle 6until the last possible vinum break. Moses 7pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah?s edict to Pharaoh. Hamlet, of course, raised procrastination to an art form.

There are those who prepare their income taxes in February, prepay mortgages and serve precisely planned dinners at an 8ungodly 6: 30 p.m. The other half dine happily on leftovers at 9 or 10, misplace bills and 9file for an extension of the income tax deadline. They seldom pay credit-card bills until the 10apocalyptic voice of Diners threatens doom from Denver. They postpone, 11as Faustian encounters) visits to barbershop, dentist or doctor.

Yet 12for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul.

From Cunctator’ s day until this century, the art of postponement had been 13virtually a monopoly of the military (“Hurry up and wait”), diplomacy and the law. In former times, a British proconsul faced with a native uprising could comfortably 14ruminate about the situation with Singapore Sling” in hand. 15Blessedly, he had no flattering Telex to order in machine guns and fresh troops.

Even 16where there is no will, there is a way. There is a difference, of course, between chronic procrastination and purposeful postponement, particularly 17in the higher echelons of business.

The data explosion 18fortifies those seeking excuses for inaction —another report to be read, another authority to be consulted.

His point is well 19taken. 20Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymakers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal ---and thereby prevent hasty decisions from being made.

Many languages are 21studded with phrases that refer to putting things off ---from the Spanish maiana to the Arabic bukrafil mishmish.

There are all sorts of 22rationalizations: the pressure of teaching responsibilities at home, checking out the latest book, looking up another footnote.”

To Georgia State Psychologist Joen Fagan, however; procrastination may be a kind of 23subliminal way of sorting the important from the trivial.

It is something of 24a truism that to put off making a decision is itself a decision. The parliamentary process is essentially a system of delay and deliberation. So, 25for that matter, is the creation of a great painting, or 26an entree, or a book, or a building like Blenheim Palace, which took the Duke of Marlborough?s architects and laborers 15 years to construct.

In the process, the design can 27mellow and marinate.

In other words, 28pace Lord Chesterfield, what you don?t necessarily have to do today, by all means put off until tomorrow.

II. Rewrite the following

For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.

1. That the elegant earl never got around to marrying his son?s mother and had a bad habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours in an anteroom attests to the fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been postponers ever.

The fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been postponers ever can be testified _____________________________

2. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah?s edict to Pharaoh.

By saying that he had a speech defect, _____________________

3. Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul.

Although procrastination may____________________________

4. Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother the policy-makers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal.

The design of bureaucratization, which_____________________

5. There is a long and honorable history of procrastination to suggest that many ideas and decisions may well improve if postponed.

Procrastination has been honored________________________

III. Translate the following into English

1.事实上，拖延这种现象的漫长而骄人的历史本身就已经表明，许多构想和决定如果

加以推迟可能会更为圆满。推迟做出决定其本身就是一个决定，这是一个自明之理。

议会的办事程序，就其本质而言，就是包含了拖延与深思的一种办事制度。就此而言，这种现象同样可见于一幅油画杰作的创作，一碟菜肴的烹饪，或是一本书的编写，也可见于象布伦海姆宫这样的大楼的建造。这项工程花费了莫尔巴勒公爵手下众多建筑师和劳工整整15年的时间。

2. 他的见解很有道理。在政府机构日益臃肿，社会结构日益复杂的情况下，繁琐拖

拉的办事程序不断复杂，使决策者们忙于应付各种条条框框，左右全行，再三考虑，被繁琐的事务压得喘不过气来，也就无法仓促地做出决定。导致水门事件的政府集权化管理已经波及经济和其他部门，使拖延成为全世界的生活方式。许多语言中，都充满表示拖延的词语——从西班牙语中的Ma?ena到阿拉伯语中的bukrafilmishmish（文字上是“明日之杏”的意思，指的是“留待和暖的春季杏花

盛开时才去做”）

3. 在拖延的过程中，设计可以达到尽善尽美。事实上，欲速则不达。正如《石中剑》的作者T·H怀特所说：“时间并非是要在一小时或一天内被匆匆吞没，而是要在不急不忙的细细品味中，一点一滴地被逐步消化。”

换句话说，尊敬的切斯得菲尔得伯爵，您今天不一定要做的事，尽管拖到明天吧。

4. “今天要做事决不要拖到明天，”切斯得菲尔得勋爵在1949年曾经如此劝诫人们。

但是，这位举止优雅的伯爵却从来没有安排好时间娶他儿子的母亲。此外，他还有个坏习惯：老是让像约翰逊博士这样的贵客在他的接待室里等上几小时。这证明，即使是最有善意的人也曾经是个拖延者。

5. 尽管拖延会带来很多麻烦，但是推迟往往能使人获得灵感并重新焕发想象力。

珍·凯尔是一位曾经创作了许多优秀小说和戏剧的女作家。她说，她总是习惯于把厨房里的所有糖罐头和奖品上的商品标签细读一遍才坐到打字机前开始写作。

IV. Cloze

“Never (1)p off till tomorrow,” exhorted (2)L Chesterfield in 1749, “(3)w____ you can do today.” (4)T the elegant earl never got (5)a to marrying his son?s mother and had a bad (6)h of keeping worthies (7)l Dr. Johnson cooling their (8)h for hours in an anteroom attests to the (9)f that even the most well-intentioned men (10)h been postponers ever.

His point is well taken. Bureaucratization, (11)w flourished amid the growing

(12)b of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother

(13)p in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal --- and thereby (14)p_____ hasty decisions from being made. The centralization of government (15)t led to Watergate has spread to economic institutions and beyond, (16)m procrastination a worldwide (17)w of life. Many languages are studded with phrases that refer to (18)p_____ things off ---(19)f the Spanish maiana to the Arabic bukrafil mishmish (literally “tomorrow in apricots, “ more loosely “leave it for the soft spring weather (20)w____ the apricots are blooming”).

V. Proofreading:

The following passages contain several errors each, each line with a maximum of one error. And ATTENTION, some lines might be free from error. In each case only one word is

Rewrite the following

For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.

1. The truth of what she said seemed less important than the glee with which she said it, her pride in the snake pit she?d come from.

Gleefully she said it with her pride in the snake pit she?d come from, _____________

2. Paring away its less flattering modern connotations, we discover a kind of synonym for connection, for community, and this, it seems to me, is the primary function of gossip. With its less flattering modern connotations pared away, gossip, in my view, _______

3. Except in the case of those rare toddler-fabulists, enchanting parents and siblings with fairy tales made up on the spot, gossip may be the way that most of us learn to tell stories.

Gossip may not be like learning to tell stories by most of us, _____________________ 4. Pacing, tone, clarity and authenticity are as essential for the reportage of neighborhood news as they are for well-made fiction.

Pacing, tone, clarity and authenticity may apply to _____________________________ 5. And while there are those who believe that the sole aim of gossip is to criticize, to condemn, I prefer to see gossip as a tool of understanding.

And yet for some people?s belief ___________________________________________

References to the exercises

Text I

I. Paraphrase

1. exhorted: urged strongly

2. the elegant earl never got around to marrying his son's mother: found time for

3. a habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours: men of importance like Dr. Johnson waiting

4. That.…attests to the fact that: proves

5. one of the great Roman generals was dubbed "Cunctator": named humorously

6. for putting off battle until the last possible vinum break: until an effective defense deserving a celebration with champagne was ensured

7. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah's edict to Pharaoh: claimed that he had a speech defect, and that he had reasons for

8. at an ungodly 6:30 p.m.: unreasonable

9. to file for an extension of the income tax deadline: apply officially

10.until the apocalyptic voice of Diners threatens doom from Denver: warning, suggests unavoidable destruction

11.They postpone, as Faustian encounters, visits to barbershop: as if they will see devils

12.Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur: in spite of

13.the art of postponement had been virtually a monopoly of the military, diplomacy and the law: found almost only in the field of

14.to ruminate about the situation with Singapore Sling in hand: go over in mind repeatedly and slowly

15.Blessedly, he had no nattering Telex to order machine guns and fresh troops: fortunately, noisy

16.Even there is no will, there is a way: there is no will to delay, there is a way to do so.

17.in the higher echelons of business: in the case of higher levels

18.The data explosion fortifies those seeking excuses for inaction: encourages, doing nothing

19.His point is will taken: accepted

20.Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymaker in blanks of legalism, compromise and reappraisal: Excessive silly rules, which developed very quickly as a result of the expanding administrative structure and the greater complexity of society, were made to restrict policymakers, who have to be engaged in endless paperwork, mediation and reconsideration

21.Many languages are studded with phrases that refer to putting things off: filled

22.There are all sorts of rationalizations: reasons

23.a kind of subliminal way of sorting the important from the trivial: way outside one's conscious awareness

24.It is something of a truism: an undoubted truth

25.for that matter: as further concerns the thing mentioned

26.So…is the creation of an entree: a small carefully prepared meat dish

27.the design can mellow and marinate: ripen and mature

28.pace Lord Chesterfield: with all due respect to

II. Rewrite the following

1. The fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been postponers ever can be testified by the elegant earl who never got around to marrying his son?s mother and had a bad habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours in an anteroom.

2. By saying that he had a speech defect, Moses rationalized his reluctance to deliver Jehovah?s edict to Pharaoh.

3. Whatever trouble procrastination may incur, delay can, yet, often inspire and revive a creative soul.

4. The design of bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was to smoother the policy-makers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal.

5. Procrastination has been honored long, suggesting that many ideas and decisions may well improve if postponed.

III. Translate the following into English

1. In fact, there is a long and honorable history of procrastination to suggest that many ideas and decisions may well improve if postponed. It is something of a truism that to put off making a decision is itself a decision. The parliamentary process is essentially a system of delay and deliberation. So, for that matter, is the creation of a great painting, or an entree, or a book, or a building like Blenheim Palace, which took the Duke of Marlborough?s architects and laborers 15 years to construct.

2. His point is well taken. Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymakers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal ---and thereby prevent hasty decisions from being made. The centralization of government that led to Watergate has spread to economic institutions and beyond, making procrastination a worldwide way of life. Many languages are studded with phrases that refer to putting things off ---from the Spanish maiana to the Arabic bukrafil mishmish(literally “tomorrow in apricots, “more loosely “leave it for the soft spring weather when the apricots are blooming”).

3. In the process, the design can mellow and marinate. Indeed, hurry can be the assassin of elegance. As T. H. White, author of Sword in the Stone, once wrote, time “is not meant to be devoured in an hour or a day, but to be consumed delicately and gradually and without haste.” In other words, pace Lord Chesterfield, what you don?t necessarily have to do today, by all means put off until tomorrow.

4. “Never put off till tomorrow,” exhorted Lord Chesterfield in 1749, “what you can do today.”? That the elegant earl never got around to marrying his son?s mother and had a bad habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours in an anteroom attests to the fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been postponers ever.

5. Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul. Jean Kerr, author of many successful novels and plays, says that she reads every soup-can and jam-jar label in her kitchen before settling down to her typewriter. IV. Cloze

(1)put (2)Lord (3)what (4)That (5)around

(6)habit (7)like (8)heels (9)fact (10)have

(11)which (12)burdens (13)policymakers (14)prevent (15)that

(16)making (17)way (18)putting (19)from (20)when

Rewrite the following

1. Gleefully she said it with her pride in the snak e pit she?d come from, the way she said it seemingly more important than the truth of what she said.

2. With its less flattering modern connotations pared away, gossip, in my view, seems to have such a primary function like something of connection and community.

3. Gossip may not be like learning to tell stories by most of us, only in the case of those rare toddler-fabulists, enchanting parents and siblings with fairy tales made up on the spot.

4. Pacing, tone, clarity and authenticity may apply to the reportage of neighborhood news as well as to well-made fiction.

5. And yet for some people?s belief in gossip?s sole aim for criticizing and condemning, I prefer to see gossip as a tool of understanding.

Unit Three

TEXT I

WALLS AND BARRIERS

I. Paraphrase the parts underlined in the following:

Of course, my father is a gentleman of the old school, a member of the generation to whom a good deal of modern architecture is 1unnerving; but I suspect that his negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money.

In his generation money was thought of as a 2tangible commodity --- bullion, bank notes, coins --- that could be 3hefted, carried, or stolen. Consequently, to attract the 4custom of a sensible man, a bank had to have heavy walls, barred windows, and bronze doors, to affirm the fact, however untrue, that money would be safe inside. If a building?s design made it appear 5impregnable, the institution was necessarily 6sound, and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architectural symbol 7dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than in any aesthetic theory.

But that attitude toward money has of course changed. The banker no longer offers us a safe, he offers us a service --- a service in which the most valuable elements are 8dash and a creative flair for the invention of large numbers.

The Manufacturers Trust is a great cubical cage of glass whose brilliantly lighted interior challenges even the brightness of a sunny day, while the door to the vault, 9far from being secluded and guarded, is set out as a window display.

Just as the older bank 10asserted its invulnerability, this bank by its architecture boasts of its imaginative powers. From this point of view it is hard to say where architecture ends and 11human assertion begins. In fact, there is no such division; the two are one and the same.

In the age of sociology and psychology, walls are not simply walls but physical symbols of the 12barriers in men?s minds.

In a primitive society, for example, men pictured the world as large, fearsome, hostile, and beyond human control. Therefore they built heavy, walls of huge boulders, behind which they could feel themselves to be in a 13delimited space that was controllable and safe; these heavy walls expr essed man?s fear of the outer world and his need to find protection, however illusory. It might be argued that the undeveloped technology of the period 14precluded the construction of more delicate walls.

Still, it was not technology, but a fearful attitude toward the world, which made people want to build walls in the first place. The greater the fear, the heavier the wall, until in the tombs of ancient kings we find structures that are practically all wall, the fear of 15dissolution being the ultimate fear.

And then there is the question of privacy --- for it has become 16questionable. In some Mediterranean cultures it was not so much the world of nature that was feared, but the world of men. Men were dirty, 17prying, vile, and dangerous. One went about, if one could afford it, in guarded litters, women went about heavily veiled, if they went about at all. One?s house was surrounded by a wall, and the rooms faced not out, but in, toward a 18patio, expressing the prevalent conviction that the beauties and values of life were to be found by looking inward, and by engaging in the intimate activities of a personal 19as against a public

life. The rich 20intricacies of the decorative arts of the period, as well as its contemplative philosophies, 21are as illustrative of this attitude as the walls themselves.

We feel different today. For one thing, we place greater reliance upon the control of human hostility, not so much by physical barriers, as by the 22conventions of law and social practice --- as well as the availability of motorized police. We do not cherish privacy as much as did our ancestors. We are proud to have our women seen and admired, and the same 23goes for our homes.

The principal function of today?s wall is to separate possibly undesirable outside a ir from the controlled conditions of temperature and humidity which we have created inside. Glass may 24accomplish this function, though there are apparently a good many people who still have 25qualms about eating, sleeping, and dressing under conditions of high visibility; they demand walls that will at least give them a sense of adequate 26screening. But these shy ones are a vanishing breed. The Philip Johnson house in Connecticut, which is much admired and widely imitated, has glass walls all the way around, and the only real privacy is to be found in the bathroom, the toilette 27taboo being still unbroken, at least in Connecticut.

28To repeat, it is not our advanced technology, but our changing conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that determine how we shall build our walls. The glass wall expresses man?s conviction that he can and does master nature and society. The “open plan” and the 29unobstructed view are consistent with his faith in the eventual solution of all problems through the expanding efforts of science.

II. Rewrite the following

For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.

1. My father?s negative response was not so mu ch to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money.

The architecture itself didn?t cause so much of _______________

2. It is not our advanced technology, but our changing conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that determine how we shall build our walls,

We are changing our conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world, which, instead of our advanced technology, ____________

3. If a building?s design made it appear impregnable, the institution was necessarily sound, and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architectural symbol dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than in any aesthetic theory.

A building?s apparently impregnable design made ____________

4. It is in the understanding of architecture as a medium for the human attitudes, prejudices, taboos, and ideals that the architectural criticism departs from classical aesthetics. Understanding architecture as a medium ____________________

5. It might be argued that the undeveloped technology of the period precluded the construction of more delicate walls.

新编英语教程6_答案_李观仪

练习册：We may regard “if only” as indicating the past and “next time” the future, we all know the most important time is “now”, as past things could not be changed and future is based on “now”． I. 1. The old man was an eminent psychiatrist and the author was a client of his. (famous and respected within a particular profession) 2. Refer to para. 1. To him, the session was just like “a flash of insight that leaves him a changed person not only changed, but changed for the better.” 3. The three speakers on the tape were all unhappy, and the two words they all used frequently in what they said were “if only.” What the old man wanted to point out to the author was that to keep saying “if only anything; on the contrary, it only kept the person facing the wring way—backward instead of forward. Thus it did more harm than good to the person who kept saying them. (See para. 15) 4. Shift the focus; substitute “next time” for “if only” 5. They point to entirely different mental directions; one is backward and negative, and the other forward and positive. 6. It is instructive and inspirational. II. 1. The most inspiring and gratifying fact of life is the unexpected spark of enlightenment that makes you different and a better person than before. 2. At last he walked over from the other side of the street, wrapped in his old-fashioned overcoat, his bald head covered by a shapeless felt hat. He looked like a dwarfish old man full of energy rather than a well-known psychiatrist. 3. The next speaker on the tape was a woman who had remained single because she thought she was obliged to take care of her mother who was a widow. She still remembered and told others miserably about all the chances of marriage she had missed. 4. Eventually, if you form a habit of say ing “if only”, the phrase can really turn to an obstruction, providing you with an excuse for giving up trying anything at all. 5. …you are always thinking of the past, regretting and lamenting. You did not look forward to what you can do in the future at all. 6. The Old Man said to me trickily, using the phrase “if only” on purpose, “If only we?d got here ten we?d have caught the cab.” I laughed and understood what he meant. So I followed his advice and said, I?ll run faster”． III. 1. The whole plan fell through for want of fund. 2. Newton is acknowledged as one of the world?s most eminent scientists. 3. He calculates the cost of production with invariable accuracy. 4. The spokesman of the corporation was berated for his irresponsible words. 5. The young clerk from the commercial bank LANGUAGE WORK

李观仪新编英语教程第六册翻译

1 由于缺少资金，整个计划失败了The whole plan fell through for want of fund. 2 牛顿被公认为是世界最杰出的科学家之一。Newton is actnowledged as one of the world;s most eminent scientists. 3 他对生产成本的估算总是准确无误He calcuates the cost of production with invariable accuracy 4 公司发言人的不负责任的讲话受到了严厉的指责The spokesman of the corporation was berated for his irresponsible words. 5 这名商业银行的年轻职员看出那张十英镑的假币The young clerk from the commercial bank soitted thecorinterfeit ten-pound note. 6 这个精干的经理立刻行动起来The efficient manager acted promptly 7 请把候补名单上她的名字换成你的名字Pleasure replace her name for yours on the waiting list 8 她觉得她在当地综合医院任实习医师是一段宝贵的经历Shen found that her internship in the local general hospital was a rewarding experience 9 不要感叹过去得不幸，振作起来行前看Don't lament your past misfortunes., keep your shin up and look to the future 1 富兰克林在他的自传里力劝读者要勤俭Franklin exhorted readers to be diligent and thrifty in his Autobiography. 2.谁能证实这签名无讹Who can attest to the genuineness of the signature? 3. 人们给它起了小家伙的绰号。。。He is dubbed “Tiny” because he looks so small for his age. 4.他试图为自己拒绝接受这一劝告辩解He tried to rationalize his refusal to take the advice. 5. 他的一番话引起了我们的不满His words incurred our displeasure. 6. 要我们在这么短的时间内完成这一项工作几乎是不可能的It is virtually

新编英语教程(第三版)unit6练习册答案

Reference for Unit 6 workbook exercises Blank Filling A. 1.changed, promising https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f99479420.html,ing, qualified 3.determined 4.spoken, leading, surprising 5.frightening 6.demanding 7.pleased, soiled https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f99479420.html,plicated 9.interested, exciting, soaked 10.tiring, tired B. 1.giving 2.Fascinated, rising / rise 3.singing, to do, making

4.keeping, playing, to be, to see, climbing 5.opening 6.to take, shopping, doing, to do 7.to have remembered, to tell, preparing, to do 8.to watch, to read, reading, watching 9.missing, to tell 10.to be taken 11.swimming, cleaning, to do 12.waiting, seeing, missing, to find, to be C. 1.for 2.to 3.of 4.on 5.read 6.across 7.about / for 8.in 9.until / till 10.opinion 11.by 12.keep 13.excellent 14.time 15.pleasure 16.from 17.yourself 18.in 19.filled 20.trains

新编英语教程6课文翻译

新编英语教程6课文 翻译 -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1

第1单元避免两词铭记两词 在生活中，没有什么比顿悟更令人激动和兴奋的，它可以改变一个人——不仅仅是改变，而且变得更好。当然，这种顿悟是很罕见的，但仍然可以发生在我们所有人身上。它有时来自一本书，一个说教或一行诗歌，有时也来自一个朋友。 在曼哈顿一个寒冷的冬天的下午，我坐在一个法国小餐馆，倍感失落和压抑。因为几次误算，在我生命中一个至关重要的项目就这样落空了。就因为这样，甚至连期望看到一个老朋友（我常常私下亲切的想到的一个老人）的情形都不像以前那样令我兴奋。我坐在桌边，皱起眉头看着色彩多样的桌布，清醒的嚼着苦涩的食物。 他穿过街道，裹着旧棉袄，一顶帽子从光头打下来，看上去不像是一个有名的精神病医生，倒像是一个精力充沛的侏儒。他的办公室在附近到处都有，我知道他刚刚离开他最后一个病人。他接近80岁，但仍然扛着一个装着满满文件的公文包，工作起来仍然像一个大公司的主管，无论何时有空，他都仍然爱去高尔夫球场。 当他走过来坐我旁边时，服务员早已把他总是要喝的啤酒端了过来，我已经几个月没有见他了，但他似乎还是老样子。没有任何寒暄，他就问我“怎么了，年轻人？” 我已经不再对他的样子感到奇怪，所以我详细地把烦恼告诉他。带着一丝忧伤的自豪。我尽量说出实情，除了我自己，我并没有因为失望而责备任何人。我分析了整件事情，但所有负面评价以及错误仍然继续。我讲了约有十五分钟，这期间老人只是默默的喝着啤酒。我讲完后，他取下眼镜说：“到我的办公室去。”“到你的办公室你忘了带什么了吗”他和蔼的说“不是，我想看看你对某些事情的反应，仅此而已。” 外面开始下起小雨，但他的办公室很温暖，舒服，亲切：放满书的书架靠着墙壁，长皮沙发，弗洛伊德的亲笔签名照，还有墙边放着的录音笔。他的秘书回家了，只有我们在那里。老人从纸盒里拿出一盘磁带放进录音笔，然后说：“这里有到我这来求助的三个人的简单录音，当然，这没有说明具体是哪三个人。我想让你听听，看你是否能找出双字词的短语，这里是在三个案例中共有的。”他笑道：“不要这么困扰，我有我的目的。” 对我来说，录音中三个主人共有的东西不是什么快乐的东西。首先讲话的是一个男人，他在生意中经历了一些损失或失败，他指责自己没有辛勤工作，也没有远见。接下来说话的是一个女人，她还没有结婚，因为对她寡妇母亲的强烈的责任意思，她伤心的回忆了所有擦肩而过的婚姻机遇。第三个说话的是一位母亲，她十多岁的儿子在警察局有麻烦，她总是不停地责备自己。 老人关掉收音机，侧身坐到椅子上：“在这些录音中，有一个短语像病毒一样的出现了六次。你注意到了吗没有噢，这可能是因为几分钟前你在餐馆说过了三次。”他拿起磁带盒扔给我。“正好在标签上有那两个伤心的词语。”我向下一看，那里有两个清晰的红色的印字：如果。 “你受惊了吗？”老人说：“你能想象我坐在这把椅子上以这两个词开头的话有多少次了吗？他们总是对我说：如果换一种方法做——或根本不去做。（如果我没发脾气、没有做那虚伪的事、没有说那愚蠢的谎言。如果我聪明点，或更无私点，或更自控点。）直到我打断说话他们才会停止。有时我让他们听你刚说过的录音。我对他们说（如果你停止说如果，我们就已取得进展了。）” 老人伸出双脚，说：“问题是，‘如果’并没有改变任何东西。它使那人面对错误——后退而非前进，那样只是在浪费时间。最后，要是你让它成为一个习惯，它就会变成真的障碍，变成你不再去做尝试的借口了。” “现在回到你的情况：你的计划没成功，为什么？因为你犯了某种错误。唔，这个没关系，毕竟错误谁都会犯，我们也从中学到东西。但是，当你告诉我那些东西时却悔恨这个， 后悔那个的时候，你还没有从错误中学到什么。” “你怎么知道呢？”我用一种辩驳的语气问道。 “因为你还没有从过去中走出来。你根本没提及到未来。在某种程度上——老实说，——现在你仍沉溺于过去。我们

新编英语教程6 课文翻译

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外面开始下起小雨，但他的办公室很温暖，舒服，亲切:放满书的书架靠着墙壁，长皮沙发，弗洛伊德的亲笔签名照，还有墙边放着的录音笔。他的秘书回家了，只有我们在那里。老人从纸盒里拿出一盘磁带放进录音笔，然后说:“这里有到我这来求助的三个人的简单录音，当然，这没有说明具体是哪三个人。我想让你听听，看你是否能找出双字词的短语，这里是在三个案例中共有的。”他笑 道:“不要这么困扰，我有我的目的。” 对我来说，录音中三个主人共有的东西不是什么快乐的东西。首先讲话的是一个男人，他在生意中经历了一些损失或失败，他指责自己没有辛勤工作，也没有远见。接下来说话的是一个女人，她还没有结婚，因为对她寡妇母亲的强烈的责任意思，她伤心的回忆了所有擦肩而过的婚姻机遇。第三个说话的是一位母亲，她十多岁的儿子在警察局有麻烦，她总是不停地责备自己。 老人关掉收音机，侧身坐到椅子上:“在这些录音中，有一个短语像病毒一样的出现了六次。你注意到了吗,没有,噢，这可能是因为几分钟前你在餐馆说过了三次。”他拿起磁带盒扔给我。“正好在标签上有那两个伤心的词语。” 我向下一看，那里有两个清晰的红色的印字:如果。 “你受惊了吗,”老人说:“你能想象我坐在这把椅子上以这两个词开头的话有多少次了吗,他们总是对我说:如果换一种方法做——或根本不去做。(如果我没发脾气、没有做那虚伪的事、没有说那愚蠢的谎言。如果我聪明点，或更无私点，或更自控点。)直到我打断说话他们才会停止。有时我让他们听你刚说过的录音。我对他们说(如果你停止说如果，我们就已取得进展了。)” 老人伸出双脚，说:“问题是，‘如果’并没有改变任何东西。它使那人面对错误——后退而非前进，那样只是在浪费时间。最后，要是你让它成为一个习惯，它就会变成真的障碍，变成你不再去做尝试的借口了。”

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Text II Doing Chores (2学时) Exercises for Unit Six In Workbook (2学时) UNIT SEVEN Text I Beauty (2学时) Text II Sexism in English: A Feminist View (2学时) Exercises for Unit Seven In Workbook (2学时) UNIT EIGHT Text I Appetite (2学时) Text II Wanting an Orange (2学时) Exercises for Unit Eight In Workbook (2学时) UNIT NINE Text I A Red Light for Scofflaws (2学时) Text II Trust (2学时) Exercises for Unit Nine In Workbook (2学时) UNIT TEN Text I Straight-A Illiteracy (2学时) Text II The Qualities of Good Writing (2学时) Exercises for Unit Ten In Workbook (2学时) UNIT ELEVEN Text I On Consigning Manuscripts to floppy Discs and Archives to Oblivion (2学时) Text II This Is Progress? (2学时) Exercises for Unit Eleven In Workbook (2学时) UNIT TWELVE Text I Grand and Lee: A Study in Contrasts (2学时) Text II Grand and Lee (2学时) Exercises for Unit Twelve In Workbook (2学时) UNIT THIRTEEN Text I Euphemism (2学时)

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