高三物理选择题专题训练

2009届高三物理选择题专题训练（2）

1.以下说法中正确的是（）

A.一杯热茶在打开杯盖后，茶能自动变得更热

B.蒸汽机能把蒸汽的内能全部转化成机械能

C.制冷机的出现，说明热量能自发地从低温物体传到高温物体

D.即使符合能量守恒，也不可能从单一热源吸收热量，使之完全变成功，而不产生其他影响

2.以下物理过程中原子核发生变化而产生新核的有（）

A.光电效应现象

B.卢瑟福的α粒子散射实验

C.太阳内部发生的剧烈反应

D.伦琴射线的产生过程

3.如图所示，在斜面顶端的A点以速度v平抛一小球，经t1时间落到斜面上B点处，若在A 点将此小球以速度0.5v水平抛出，经t2落到斜面上的C点处，以下判断正确的是（）A.t1：t2=4：1 B.AB：AC=4：1

C.AB：AC=2：1

D.t1:t2=2：

1

4.天黑4小时在赤道上的某人，在头顶上仍然可观察到一颗人造地球

卫星飞行。设地球半径为R，下表列出卫星在不同轨道上飞行速度v

大小：

则这颗卫星飞行速度大小v一定是（）

A.v≤5.6km/h

B.5.1km/h≤v<6.5km/h

C.v=5.6km/h

D.5.6km/h≤v<7.9km/h

5. 如图所示，MN和PQ为两个光滑的电阻不计的水平金属导轨，变压器为理想变压器，今在水平导轨部分加一竖直向上的匀强磁场，则以下说法正确的是（）

①．若ab棒匀速运动，则I R≠0，I L≠0，I C=0

②．若ab棒匀速运动，则I R=0，I L=0，I C=0

③．若ab棒在某一中心位置两侧做简谐运动，则I R≠0，I L≠0，I C≠0

④．若ａｂ棒做匀加速运动，I R≠0，I L≠0，I C=0

A.①②③

B.②③④

C.①③④

D.①②④

6.如图所示，边长为a 正方形ABCD 为一玻璃砖的横截面，此玻璃的折射率n ＞2.一束强光

从AD 的中点O 以入射角θ)900(0

<≤θ射向玻璃砖.下列说法正确的是（ ）

①.改变θ的大小，可以使光线在AD 面发生全反射而不能射入玻璃砖

②.改变θ的大小，可以使光线在BC 面发生全反射 ③.改变θ的大小，可以有部分光线能到达CD 面 ④.θ无论取何值，都有光线从BC 面射出

A.③④

B.①②

C.①③

D.②④

7.一列简谐横波以1m ／s 的速度沿绳子由A 向B 传播，质点A 、B 间的水平距离x ＝3 m ，如图甲所示．若t ＝0时，质点A 正从平衡位置向上振动；其振动图象如图乙所示，则B 点的振动图象为下图中的（ ）

8.为了测量某化工厂的污水排放量，技术人员在该厂的排污管末端安装了如图所示的流量计，该装置由绝缘材料制成，长、宽、高分别为a 、b 、c ，左右两端开口，在垂直于上下底面方向

加磁感应强度为B 的匀强磁场，在前后两个内侧固定有金属板作为电极，污水充满管口从左向右流经该装置时，电压表将显示两个电极间的电压U ．若用Q 表示污水流量（单位时间内排出的污水体积），下列说法中正确的是（ ）

A.若污水中正离子较多，则前表面比后表面电势高

B.污水流量Q 与U 成正比，与a 、b 无关

C.污水中离子浓度越高，电压表的示数将越大

D.前表面的电势一定高于后表面的电势，与哪种离子多无关

9.关于光波和机械波，下列说法中正确的是（ ） A.它们都能产生干涉和衍射现象 B.它们在传播过程中都能传播能量 C.它们都能在真空中传播

D.它们从空气中进入水中时，波速都变小

10.在卢瑟福α粒子散射实验中，当α粒子最接近金核时（ ） A.α粒子的动能最小 B.α粒子受到的库仑力最大 C.α粒子的电势能最小

D.α粒子与金核间的万有引力最小

11.下面四个图像依次分别表示四个物体A 、B 、C 、D 的加速度、速度、位移和滑动摩擦力随

时间变化的规律。其中物体可能受力平衡的是（ ）

12.如图所示为一种测定运动员体能的装置，运动员的质量为m 1，绳的一端拴在腰间并沿 水平方向跨过滑轮（不计滑轮质量及摩擦），绳的下端悬挂一个质量为m 2的重物，人用力蹬传

送带而人的重心不动，使传送带以速率v 匀速向右运动。下面说法中正确的是（ ） A.绳子拉力对人做正功 B.人对传送带做正功

C.运动时间t 后，运动员的体能消耗约为m 2gvt

D.运动时间t 后，运动员的体能消耗约为（m 1+m 2）gvt

13.如图所示，一圆形金属环平放在水平桌面上，有一带负电荷的粒子以恒定的水平速度v 贴近环的上表面沿直线AB 方向飞过金属圆环，在粒子飞过环的过程中，

环中（ ）

A.始终没有感应电流

B.始终有方向不变的感应电流，

C.感应电流先沿顺时针方向，后沿逆时针方向，

D.感应电流先沿逆时针方向，后沿顺时针方向。

14.如图所示电路中，已知电源的内阻r ＜R 2，电阻R 1的阻值小于滑动变阻器R 0的最大阻值。闭合电键S ，当滑动变阻器的滑臂P 由变阻器的中点向左滑动的过程中，下列说法中正确的有（ ） A.A 1的示数不断减小，A 2的示数不断变大，

A

At v B

At s C

At

f D At

m

B.V1的示数先变小后变大，V2的示数先变大后变小。

C.电源内部的热功率先变大后变小

D.电源的输出功率先变小后变大

15.如图所示，真空中存在范围足够大的匀强电场，A、B为该匀强电场的两个等势面。现有三个完全相同的带等量正电荷的小球a、b、c，从等势面A上的某点同时以相同速率v0向不同方向开始运动，其中a的初速度方向垂直指向等势面B；b的初速度方向平行于等势面；c的初

速度方向与a相反。经过一段时间，三个小球先后通过等势面B，已知三个小球始终在该匀强电场中运动，不计重力，则下列判断中正确的是（）

A.等势面A的电势低于等势面B的电势

B.a、c两小球通过等势面B时的速度相同

C.开始运动后的任一时刻，a、b两小球的动能总是相同

D.开始运动后的任一时刻，三个小球之间的距离总是相等

B

参考答案：

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