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最新大学英语语法归纳与练习(附答案)

英语语法归纳与练习

编者按：从2002年起，研究生英语考试取消了语法、词汇等基础知识的考查，

将此部分改考为听力。但取消了此部分知识点的考查并不意味着英语语法等基

础知识的不重要。根据以往英语取得高分同学的经验和海文英语辅导名师的建

议，他们都一致认为英语语法和词汇是学好、考好英语的重要基础，其实完形

填空是对语法、词汇的综合考查，但更关键的是学好此部分有助于对英语句子

结构的分析和理解，有助于学生掌握灵活多变的句式，这样不仅有助于学生做

好阅读理解，而且有助于学生做好英译汉，写好作文。因此，我们在此编写了

有关重点语法的知识点，并将陆续登出，同时将刊登一些试题。希望同学们认

真掌握，切不可因不靠它们而忽视了对英语基础知识的掌握。

（一）情态动词

一．情态动词的现在完成式的用法

情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能：表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语

气。在这两个方面must/mustn’t,;can/cann’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t;

ougtht等情态动词＋完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的

1．表示已经发生的情况。

1）must have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“（昨天）一定,,”。如：

My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:”Are you feeling all right?”

[A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be

（答案为C）

2）can’t / couldn’t have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“（昨天）一定没,,”。如：

Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.

[A] couldn’t have received [B] ought to have received

[C] has received [D] shouldn’t have received

（答案为A）

3）may / might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的

推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许,,”。如：

At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.

2．表示虚拟语气。

1) needn’t have + 过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，相当于”didn’t need to do”,译为“其实没必要,,”。如：

You needn’t have come over yourself.

As it turned out to be a small house party, we so formally.

[A] needn’t dress up [B]did not need have dressed up

[C] did not need dress up [D] needn’t have dressed up

(没有必要穿的那么正式，体现是说话者的建议，实际结果是否真的穿的很正式

没有确定，答案为D)

2）should have +过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，译为“本应该,,”

should not + have过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了，译为“本不应该,,”。如：

I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.

我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好，但实际上作者还是没有规划好，

以至工作没有完成。

3) ought to have +过去分词，表示动作按理该发生了，但实际上未发生，译为“该,,”，与should 的完成式含义类似。如：

Ｔhe porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke .

4) could have +过去分词，表示过去本来可以做但却未做，译为“完全可以,,”。这点与ought/should/ have +过去分词用法相似。如：

What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully.

5) may/ might have +过去分词，表示过去可以做但实际未做，译为“（那样）也许会,,”。如：

It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers.

二．几个情态动词常考的句型：

1)．may/might (just) as well “不妨，最好”，与had better相近；

Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train.

既然航班已经取消了，你不妨乘火车吧。相当于you had better go by train。

2) ．cannot / can’t,too ,“越,,越好，怎么也不过分”。注意这个句型的变

体cannot,over,.如：

You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车时候，越小心越好。

The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized .

3) ．usedn’t 或did’t use to 为used to (do) 的否定式。

4）．should 除了“应该”一层意思外，考研大纲还规定要掌握其“竟然”的意

思。如：I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that. 我无法想象他竟然

这样做。

三．情态动词被动关系的主动表达法

1．want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动意义。

Your hair wants cutting

The book is worth reading

The floor requires washing.

2．need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用need doing ，两种形式都表达被动

的意义

The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted.

The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired.

（二）形容词、副词及比较级最高级

一．形容词的修饰与位置

一般来说，从构词法角度来看，后缀”ly”往往是副词，但有的以“ly’结

尾的词是形容词而不是副词，这点要注意；形容词一般可以在句子中做定语，

表语等成份，但有些形容词在句子中只能做表语和只能做前置定语；这些形容

词在修饰时候有一定的特殊性要引起大家的注意，下面做了一下归纳：

1 以-ly结尾的是形容词而不是副词：

costly 昂贵的lonely 孤独的

deadly 死一般的lively 活泼的

friendly 友好的silly 傻气的

kindly 热心肠的likely 可能的

leisurely 悠闲的ugly 长得丑的

brotherly 兄弟般的monthly 每月的

earthly 尘世的

2 只作以“a”开头的很多形容词只能做表语：

afraid 害怕的alike 相象的

awake 醒着的alone 单独的，惟一的

alive 活着的ashamed 羞愧的

asleep 睡着的aware 意识到的、察觉到的

well 健康的content 满意的

unable 无能的

3 只作前置定语的形容词

earthen 泥土做的，大地的daily 每日的latter 后面的golden 金子般的weekly 每周的inner 里面的silken 丝一般的monthly 每月的outer 外面的

wooden 木制的yearly 每年的elder 年长的woolen 毛织的former 前任的mere 仅，只不过

only 惟一的sheer 纯粹的very 恰好的little 小的live 活的

4．下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词，注意用做系动词时，要求形容词做表语：remain keep become, get, grow, go, come, turn, stay, stand, run, prove, seem, appear, look。

如：All those left undone may sound great in theory, but even the truest believer has great difficulty when it comes to specifics.

二．形容词与副词的比较级与最高级

1．考比较级时，考生应把握：

1）形容词和副词比较级的形式是否和比较连词对应出现，即是否符合原级比

较及比较级的结构。如：

Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often , or better than an actual performance.

[A]as good as [B]as good [C]good [D]good as

在这里as good as 比较连词与better than比较连词同时出现时候，不能省略任何

一个介词。答案为 A

On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition.

2)比较的成分是否属于同类事物或同类概念，既是说比较要具有可比性。如：

The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half .

[A] of last year’s [B]those of last year’s

[C]of those of last year [D] that of last year’s

（前后相比的应该是今年和去年注册参加的人数“the number of”故代替它的应

该是单数指示代词“that”，而不能选择B，those是指代participants，不是同类

对比，答案为D。

Young readers, more often than not, find the novels of Dickens far more exciting than Thackeray’s.

3)比较级与倍数词关系及其位置

原级结构中可插入表达倍数的词，表示为“为，.若干倍”,当与有表示倍数比较

的词在一起时候等，他们的位置是，倍数词+as,as,,或倍数词+more,than,，但again一般放在原级词之后，即“as+原级＋again+as”.如：

Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year than automobile accidents.

[A] seven more times [B] seven times more

[C] over seven times [D] seven times

(答案为B)

“Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?”“No, I would gladly have paid for it.”

[A] twice so much [B] twice as much

[C] as much twice [D] so much twice

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C) was found D) had been found 5)“Have you moved into the new flat?” Not yet. The room____.” A) has been painted B) is painted C) paints D) is being painted 6) My pictures ____until next Friday. A) won't develop B) aren't developed C) don't develop D) won' t be developed 7) Tim ____since he lost his job three weeks ago. A) had been unemployed B) was unemployed C) has been unemployed D) has unemployed 8) A great number of colleges and universities ____since 1949. A) has been establish B) have been established C) have established D) had been established

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初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？该句相当于： What does your father do?

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大学英语语法学习提纲一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如： I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

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2. 要注意从句中第一/三人称的过去式was用were代替。例如：If I were invited, I would come. If she were not ill, she could do a lot of things. 3. if条件句中如谓语动词是were, had, should, could时，可以省略if, 把它们前置。

例如： Had my father a lot of money, he would send me abroad. Could I do it, I would surely do it. Should the Black Death reappear, what should we do?（万一黑死病再次出现，我们该怎么办） 4. 错综时间的条件句是难点，如99年1月第60题: If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you wouldn’t be smiling now.（从句用过去完成时，主句用现在进行时）又如：If I were you, I would have gone to the film last night.(从句虚拟现在，主句虚拟过去)；If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟将来)； If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟现在) 5. 虚拟句的另一难点是省略if条件句的含蓄条件句，如： I would have written the paper before, but I have been ill.(=If I had not been ill, I would have written the paper before.); A true friend would have acted differently. (=A friend, if he had been true, would have acted differently.) 6. 注意介词短语 without, but for, in the absence等表示虚拟条件。

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