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中国文化常识中英文对照

中国文化常识中英文对照
中国文化常识中英文对照

Ways to Get Over Information Explosion

As a famous saying goes, “A wealth of information creates a poverty of attention”. Nowadays we are in the Information Age. Some people keep complaining about distraction by the information explosion. Admittedly, the new information age has brought us so much convenience that we are allowed to get enough information just with a simple click sitting in front of the computers. Nevertheless, we are also confused, annoyed, distracted and upset by an incredibly large quantity of information. For example, when searching for something online, people are easily carried away by irrelevant information and forget their original plan. Besides, some information often turns out to be useless and is actually advertisement. Therefore, it can be time-consuming and troublesome to search information online. Then what we can do to avoid being distracted by irrelevant information? Here I have some useful tips: Firstly, make a list of what you really want before your searching. This will help you to refuse some appealing, yet irrelevant information. Secondly, find some trustful and professional sources or websites and then save and categorize them. In this case, you can easily leave some ads and useless information behind.

闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路延伸6000多公里,得名于古代中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和中东文明发展中发挥了重要作用。正是通过丝绸之路,中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术等四大发明才被引介到世界各地。同样,中国的丝绸,茶叶和瓷器也传遍了全球。物质文化的交流是双向的,欧洲也通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物,满足中国市场的需求。

中国人自古以来就在中秋节庆祝丰收。这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似。过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。中秋节在农历八月十五,是人们拜月的节日。这天夜晚皓月当空,人们合家团聚,共赏明月。2006年,中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产,2008年又被定位公假日。月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食。人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿”、“福”、或“和”等字样。

十二属相

中国民间有一个传统习俗,人一出生,就有一种动物做他的属相。属相,也叫“生肖”,是中国民间传统的纪年和计算年龄的方法。

中国古代的纪年法是帝王年号与“干支”并用,其中“干支纪年法”从史书上有明文记载的公元前841年(庚申年),一直沿用到现在。“干”是“天干”,有十个字组成,这十个字是:甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸。“支”是“地支”,由十二个字组成,这十二个字是:子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥。把天干的十个字和地支的十二个字按顺序配合起来,可以得到60种排列,如:甲子、乙丑、丙寅……这60种排列周而复始,循环使用,每六十年叫做“一个甲子”。如公历的2001年,是农历的辛巳年,公历的2002年,是农历的壬午年;而六十年后,2061年又是辛巳年,2062年又是壬午年。从东汉(25——220)时开始,人们又用鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪12种动物来配十二地支,组成了十二生肖,也叫十二属相。这就是子鼠、丑牛、寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、巳蛇、午马、未羊、申猴、酉鸡、戌狗、亥猪。这样,子年是鼠年,丑年是牛年,寅年是虎年……于是,每个人一出生,就有一种动物作他的属相。子年出生的属鼠,丑年出生的属牛,寅年出生的属虎,以此类推。

现在,中国人在用公历纪年和计算年龄的同时,仍然习惯用属相纪年和推算年龄。

twelve symbolic animals

it is traditional in China,when a perpon is born,one animal(shuxiang)is used to symbolize this year.Shuxiang,also called shengxiao(any ofthe 12 animals representing the Earthly Branches),is a traditional way in China to number the years and to record a person's age.

The ancient Chinese people invented the method to designate the years by the Heavenly Stems consist of the characters:jia,yi,bing,ding,wu,ji,geng,xin,ren,and gui.And the Earthly Branches are composed of 12

characters:zi,shu,yin,mao,chen,si,wu,wei,shen,you,xu,https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8213331017.html,bining each of the 10 Heavenly Stems with one of the 12 Earthly Branches in sequence creates 60 chronological symbols.For example jiazi,yichou,bingyin,etc.These 60 symbols are used in circles and thus each year has a chronological symbol.For example,2001 corresponds to xinsi,2002 to renwu in the lunar calendar;after 60 years,2061,once again,corresponds to xinsi,and 2062,to https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8213331017.html,ter,people used 12 animalsto correspond to the 12 Earthly Branches,forming the 12Symbolic Animals,namely Earthly Branch One Rat,Earthly Branch Two Ox,Earthly Branch Three Tiger,Earthly Branch Four Rabbit,Earthly Branch Five Dragon,Earthly Branch Six Snake,Earthly Branch Seven Horse,Earthly Branch Eight Sheep,Earthly Branch Nine Monkey,Earthly Branch Ten Rooster,Earthly Branch Eleven Dog,Earthly Branch Twelve Pig.Thus the zi year is the Year of the Rat,and the chou Year is the year of the Ox,and the yin Year is the Year of the Year of Tiger,etc.Therefore,when a person is born,he has an animal as his aymbolic animal.The year 2002 was a renwu year under lunar calendar,also the year of Horse,and so children born in this yea are all Horse babies.

Even though the Chinese people now number the years and their age under the Gregorian calendar,the still continue to use the symbolic animals.As long as people know a person'

probable age and his symbolic animao,people can infer his exact age and year of birth. 小孩儿满月与抓周

在中国,小孩儿的满月酒和抓周仪式独具特色。在孩子的成长过程中,这两个仪式有里程碑式的纪念意义。

小孩儿出生满一个月的那天,孩子的家人一般要招呼亲朋挚友,邀请他们一起来庆祝孩子满月。按照中国的传统,这一天,家里会充满了喜庆和节日的氛围,满月就要办得热热闹闹才行。不过最近这些年,这个习俗在城市尤其是年轻夫妇中有逐渐被淡化的趋势。但是,小孩儿满月对于每个家庭来说,仍然是一个非常值得纪念的高兴的日子。

“抓周儿”中的“周”是小孩儿满一周岁的意思。关于“抓周儿”,最早记载于北齐。“抓周儿”也就是在小孩儿满周岁那天,吃中午的长寿面之前,摆上经书、笔、墨、纸、砚、算盘、钱币、账册、首饰、花朵、胭脂、吃食、玩具等,如果是女孩儿则要加摆铲子、勺子(炊具)、剪子、尺子(缝纫用具)、绣线、花样子(刺绣用具),再由大人将小孩抱来,令其端坐,父母及他人不给予任何的引导或暗示,任孩子随意挑选,看他先抓什么,后抓什么,并以此为依据来预测孩子可能存在的志趣和将从事的职业以及前途。

One-Month-Old Feast and One-Year-Old Catch(zhuazhou) of babies

In China,One-Month-Old Feast and One-Year-Old Catch of a baby are of unique Chinese characteristics.These two ceremonies are milestone-like significance in the growing process of a baby.

On the day when a baby is a month old,the family of the baby will invite their friends and relatives to a ceremony to celebrate the occasion.In a traditional One-Month-Old Ceremony,there will be a rejoicing and festive atmosphere in the family and the feast is supposed to be lively and joyful.However,in recent years this custom has been gradually

abandoned among young people.Nevertheless,One-Month-Old Feast still remains a memorable and happy moment for every family.

Zhou in the word zhuazhou means "a baby is one year old".The earliest historical record about zhuazhou appearde during the Dynasty of Northern Qi.On the day when ababy is a year old , the family of the baby will lay out sutras,brush pens,ink sticks,paper,ink slabs,abacus,copper coins,account books,jewelries,flowers,rouges,foods,toys,etc.For girls,scoops,scissors,rulers,thread,scissor-cut will be added.The parents then put the baby in front of these articles and make it sit up.Nobody will give and instruction or cue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by itself.Watching the baby catch the articles it likes,the family can then make predictions about its potential interests,future career and development.

婚礼

结婚是人生中的一件大事。传统的中式婚礼古朴而又热闹,隆重、喜庆并且礼节周全,场面的铺陈颇具特色,不过在现代,尤其是在城市里,已经很少见了。

花轿是传统婚礼的核心内容之一。结婚时,新娘要坐在花轿里从娘家被抬到男方家中。花轿一般分四人抬,八人抬两种,又有“龙轿”“凤轿”之分。除去轿夫之外,还有持笙锣、伞、扇等的随行人员,一般的轿队少则十几人,多则几十人,很是壮观。传统的中式婚礼中,新娘要蒙着红盖头,在伴娘的伴随下,由新郎手持的大红绸牵着,慢慢地登上花轿。在新娘成花轿去往男方家里的途中,颠花轿是必不可少的热闹场面。轿夫一起左摇右摆使花轿不稳,新娘坐在里面也是左摇右晃。有的时候,新郎甚至不得不代替新娘或者和新娘一起向众人抱拳施礼求饶,而这个时候,众人欢笑不止,实际上是为了增添新人成婚之日的喜庆气氛。

中式传统婚礼的最重要的部分便是拜堂成亲。新人走到天地桌前,上面摆放有装满粮食的斗,斗的四周写上“金玉满斗”四个大字,以红纸封口,斗内四角放若干硬币,以供拜完天地后看热闹的亲朋好友掏出来求取吉利之意。斗中要插一柏枝,枝上缀有铜钱,这个柏枝便被称作“摇钱树”。斗旁放一杆秤、一面镜、织布机杼、一灯或一蜡烛。新郎在右,新娘在左,并肩站在天地桌前,执事人高声喊道:“一拜天地,二拜高堂,夫妻对拜”。民间的说法认为,男女只有在拜过天地后才能算作是正式夫妻,因此对这个拜堂的仪式非常重视。还有民间习俗有这样有趣的研究,即如果新郎在结婚的当天因故不能拜天地,就让他的姐妹抱只公鸡来代替。

坐完花轿、拜完天地、接下来新人要入洞房了。洞房是一直延续下来的叫法,新人入了洞房以后,按照习俗,新郎新娘的同辈亲友聚集在洞房里,对新郎新娘开一些充满暗示的玩笑。这时即便过头一点,新郎新娘也不会生气,而是想办法巧妙化解,因为亲朋好友闹洞房图的是高兴和热闹Wedding

Marriage is the most important thing in the life.In China, a traditional wedding is simple and lively,ceremonious,and joyful.There are some unique features in this ceremony,but in modern society,especially in the city ,it is hardly seen any more.

The bridal sedan is the core of the traditional wedding.In wedding,the bride should sit in the sedan, then be lifted from her mother's home to her husband' home.Generally,there are two kinds of sedan,that is ,four-lifter and eight-lifter,also divided into "dragon sedan"and"phoenix sedan".There are so many suites who hold gongs,umbrellas,fans and so on,besides lifters,In group,there are more than ten people at least,and the occasion is very magnificent.In a traditional weddin,accompanied with a bridesmaid, the bride wearing a red veil and led along by the bridesgroom who holds a red silk in his hand,enters the bridal sedan.On the way to the husband's home,lifters jolt the sedan as it is necessary in a joyful wedding.Lifters swing the sedan from left to right,causing

the bride to sit unsteadily inside.Some times the bridegroom has to substitute for his bride or beg to everyone else,while,all laugh to adding to the jubilance.

The wedding ceremony is the most important part of a traditional Chinese wedding. The newlyweds go to the table for heaven and earth where there is a dou(a kind of basket)full of grain.The dou is written with red paper.There are many coins placed in the four corners of the dou to provide the"luck" meaning to the guests.There is a cypress branch,called "ready source of money",decorated with copper coins.Besides,one steelyard ,a mirror ,a loom,alamp or a candle are also placed near the dou.Afterwards, the groom stand on the left side,the bride right by his side,while the director prompts,"First bow to the heaven and earth;second bow to the parents;third bow to each other".According to the folk saying, they will not be the formal couple until bowing to the heaven and earth.As a result,people pay a great attention to this ceremony.An interesting custom is that if the groom cannot come to this ceremony,he should ask his sister to hold a cock instead. After taking the bridal sedan,bowing to the heaven,it's time for the newlyweds to go to the bridal chamber.According to custom,their relatives and friends get together in the bridal chamber to banter the newly weds.At this time,the newlyweds will never get angry enven if the teasing games are a bit outrageous,but will try to skillfully dissolve since the relatives and friends intend to delight them.

旗袍与中国传统服饰

旗袍源自清代满族女性服饰,被誉为中国传统服饰文化的典范。它不仅在整体造型的风格方面符合中国文化和谐的特点,而且它的装饰手法也展现着浓厚的东方特质。另外,穿旗袍可以增加形体的修长感,配上中高跟鞋,更可以抬升人体的重心,将东方女性的端庄、典雅和含蓄的美展露出来。因此旗袍在中国民族服装中独领风骚,久盛而不衰。

中国男子的传统服饰比较有代表性的为长袍、马褂,长袍和马褂都是满族男子的服装,盘领、窄袖,马褂是对襟,大都有马蹄袖,长袍为大襟。也有马褂、长袍相连的两部形式,这种形式的长袍只有下半截,连扣在马褂的内下摆。长袍马褂给人的感觉是既不乏庄重,又显得洒脱和舒适。2001年APEC会议各国元首穿着“唐装”集体亮相,掀起了一股以穿“唐装”为时尚的风潮。将“唐装”作为中式服装的通称,主要因为国外都称华人居住的地方为“唐人街”,所以“唐人”作为中式服装的通称,主要是因为国外都称华人居住的地方为“唐人街”,所以“唐人”穿的衣服自然就叫做“唐装”了。当今的“唐装”是由清代的马褂演变而来的,它的款式结构有四大特点:一是立领,上衣前中心开口,立式领型;二是连袖,即袖子和衣服整体没有接缝,以平面裁剪为主;三是对襟,也可以是斜襟;四是直角扣,也就是盘扣;另外从面料来说,则主要使用织锦缎面料等。

另外,中国不动地域和不同民族的服饰也各有特色。比如,肚兜就是关中和陕北的传统的贴身服饰,肚兜的形状就像背心的前襟,上面用布带系在脖颈上,下面两边各有一条带子系在腰间,它可以避免肚子受凉,夏天时儿童穿在外面也显得天真烂漫。在儿童穿的肚兜上尝尝绣有虎头像和“五毒”图案,给予了大人希望孩子健康成长的美好祝愿。再比如,中国少数民族彝族的服饰也很有特点。彝族妇女的头饰大致有缠头、包帕、绣花帽三类,其中红河地区妇女的头饰更是琳琅满目,以银饰为贵为美。披风是彝族男女皆备的特色服装,以动物皮毛、毛麻织品和草编织制品为原料,以青、蓝二色为主。

Cheong-Sam and Traditional Chinese Costumes

The cheong-sam has its origin in the Manchu female's costumes in the Qing Dynasty and has been regarded as the model of Chinese traditional habilatory culture .As for the reason, the cheong-sam not only accords withe the characteristic of harmony within Chinese culture in terms of the style ,but also shows rich oriental idiosyncracy with

regard to ornamental techniques.In addition,the cheong-samwill give more pominence to a lady's

slender figure ,and also help to heighten the center of gravity of human bodies together withe high-heel shoes,so taht civility,elegance and dignety will be fully displayde.Therefore,the cheong-sam developed its own trend ,which has been long lasting. As for the traditional clothes of Chinese men ,the long gown and mandarin jacket are typical.Both of them have roundnecks and narrow sleeves. The mandarin jacket can be seen as a kind of Chinese-style jacket with buttons down the front, mostly with sleeves like a horse's hoof.However,the front of long gowns,with buttons on the right,is basically large.There is also a type of garment combining the long gown and the mandarin jacket ,and they will only have the under-half part,buttoning in the under lap of the mandarin jacket.The long gown and mandarin jacket will giver the impression of comfortableness and ease as well as sobriety.

In 2001,the presidents struck a pose on the stage in Chinese style costumes at the APEC Forum,and thus a trend of wearing Chinese style costumes came into being.The very reason why clothing with Chinese style has been labeled as Chinses -style costumes is that the place where overseas Chinesd reside in has been called"Chinese town"and consequently the cosstumes which the Chinese wear are called Chinese style costumes.Current Chinese-style costumes were transformed from the mandarin jacket of the Qing Dynasty,and there are four major characteristics in terms of design.First,Chinese-style costumes have a stand-up collar and buttons in very middle of the front of the jacket;second,there is no seam between sleeves ande jacket;third,the costumes are jackets with buttons down

the front or in diagonal way; last,they have right-angled buttons.In addition,with regard to the outside material,Chinese costumes are mostly made with silk.

Moreover,the feature of clothing varies with areas and nationalities.For instance, hte bellyband is the traditional close-fitting costume in Central China and north of Shanxi.The bellyband is just like the front of vest with a lace tying to the neck and it an prevent children from catching a cold.The children's wearing of bellyband will also show their naivety.Most bellybands willl be embroidered with the pattern of atiger head and the "Five Poisons",which contain a parents' nice expectation of wishing their children health.To take the costumes of the YiNationality as another example,they are rather distinctive with three types of women's had wears including decorating brocade round the head and acap with an embroiderde case.Especially in the area of Honghe,women's head wears are full of beautiful colors and styles.They prefer silver ornaments to show their riches and beauty.However,the manteau can be regarded as the distinctive costumes for all people of the YiNationality,which are mostly made of fur ,delaine,hemp and straw and whose colors are mainly cyan and blue.

国家或国际节日

元旦New Year' s Day Jan.1

国际劳动妇女节International Working women' s Day (wornen's Day) Mar.8

国际劳动节nternatlonal Labor Day (May. Day)May.1

中国青年节Chinese Youth Day May.4

国际儿童节International Children's Day (Children's Day)June .1

中国共产党诞生纪念日

( 党的生日)Anniversary of the Foundlng of the ChineseCommunist Party ( the Party' s Birthday)July .1

建军节Army Day August .1

教师节Teachers ,DaySept.1

国庆节National DeyOctober.1

中国传统节日

春节the Sprlng Festival (New Yearls Day of the Chinese lunar calendar)农历正月初一

元宵节(灯节)the Lantern Festival 农历正月十五

清明节the Qing Ming Festival 四月五日前后

端午节the Dragon-Boat Festiva 农历五月初五

中秋节the MidAutumn Festival(the Moon Festival)农历八月十五

重阳节the Double Ninth Festival 农历九月初九

风水:Fengshui; geomantic omen

阳历:solar calendar

阴历:lunar calendar

闰年:leap year

十二生肖:zodiac

春节:the Spring Festival

元宵节:the Lantern Festival

清明节:the Tomb-sweeping Day

端午节:the Dragon-boat Festival

中秋节:the Mid-autumn Day

重阳节:the Double-ninth Day

七夕节:the Double-seventh Day

春联:spring couplets

春运:the Spring Festival travel

把中国的汉字“福”字倒贴在门上(听起来像是福到)预示新年有好运:turn the Chinese character for luck (fu) upside down to make “dao”(which sounds like arrival) and put it on your door to bring in good fortune for the new year

庙会:temple fair

爆竹:firecracker

年画:(traditional) New Year pictures

压岁钱:New Year gift-money

舞龙:dragon dance

舞狮:lion dance

元宵:sweet sticky rice dumplings

花灯:festival lantern

灯谜:lantern riddle

食物对于中国佳节来说至关重要,但甜食对于农历新年特别重要,因为他们能让新的一年更加甜蜜。

Food is central to all Chines festivals, but sugary snacks are especially important for Lunar New Year, since they sweetne up prospects for the coming year.

传统的佳节食物包括年糕、八宝饭、饺子、果脯和瓜子。

Traditional holiday treats include nian gao (rice pudding), ba bao fan (eight treasure rice), jiao zi (crispy dumplings), candied fruits and seeds.

四合院:Siheyuan/ Quadrangle

亭/阁:pavilion/attic

刺绣:Embroidery

剪纸:Paper Cutting

书法:Calligraphy

针灸:Acupuncture

象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters

偏旁:radical

战国:Warring States

人才流动:Brain Drain/Flow

铁饭碗:Iron Bowl

黄土高原:Loess Plateau

红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals

儒家文化:Confucian Culture

孟子:Mencius

火锅:Hot Pot

《诗经》:the Book of Songs

《史记》:Historical Records/ Records of the Grand Historian

《西游记》:The Journey to the West

唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored Pottery

火药:gunpowder

印/玺:Seal/Stamp

京剧:Beijing Opera/Peking Opera

秦腔:Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera

相声:Cross-talk/ Comic Dialogue

电视小品:TV Sketches/TV Skit

太极拳:Tai Chi

天坛:Altar of Heaven in Beijing

故宫博物馆:The Palace Museum

敦煌莫高窟:Mogao Caves

小吃摊:Snack Bar/Snack Stand

春卷:Spring Roll(s)

莲藕:Lotus Root

北京烤鸭:Beijing Roast Duck

门当户对:Perfect Match/ Exact Match

《水浒》:Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh

文房四宝(笔墨纸砚):”The Four Treasure of the Study”/ “Brush, Ink-stick, Paper, and Ink-stone”

兵马俑:Cotta Warriour/ Terracotta Army

话题:

1. 现在许多传统文化正慢慢消失

2. 传统文化消失的原因

3. 我的看法

范文:

On the losing of Traditional Culture

It is widely noted that lots of traditional culture is disappearing along with the development of technology. Many ancient architectures and traditional ways of living have been deserted. It seems that the traditional culture and craftsmanship will be replaced in this modern era.

The following reasons can account for the above phenomenon. Firstly, traditional technologies are always considered ineffective while the new sciences are always highly efficient, because modern science and technology facilitate both our daily and academic life a lot, with which we can save much money and time. Secondly, it is costly to protect the traditional culture, especially the maintenance and repair of the historical buildings.

In my opinion, although traditional culture is an ancient heritage, it couldn't keep pace with the development of society. It is the tide of history that the traditional culture and technology will no doubt be eliminated in the end.

中国古代文化常识大全

1、桑梓:家乡 2、桃李:学生 3、社稷、轩辕:国家 4、南冠:囚犯 5、同窗:同学 6、烽烟:战争 7、巾帼:妇女 8、丝竹:音乐 9、须眉:男子 10、婵娟、嫦娥:月亮 11、手足:兄弟 12、汗青:史册 13、伉俪:夫妻 14、白丁、布衣:百姓 15、伛偻,黄发:老人 16、桑麻:农事 17、提携,垂髫:小孩 18、三尺:法律 19、膝下:父母

20、华盖:运气 21、函、简、笺、鸿雁、札:书信 22、庙堂:朝廷 1、唐宋八大家:韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、王安石、曾巩 2、并称“韩柳”的是韩愈和柳宗元,他们是唐朝古文运动的倡导者。 3、一门父子三词客:苏洵(老苏)、苏轼(大苏)、苏辙(小苏)。 4、豪放派词人:苏轼、辛弃疾,并称“苏辛”;婉约派词人:李清照(女词人) 5、李杜:李白、杜甫。小李杜:李商隐、杜牧。 6、屈原:我国最早的伟大诗人,他创造了“楚辞”这一新诗体,开创了我国诗歌浪漫主义风格。 7、孔子名丘,字仲尼,春秋时鲁国人,他是儒家学派的创始人,被称为“孔圣人”,孟子被称为“亚圣”,两人并称为“孔孟”。 8、苏轼称赞王维“诗中有画,画中有诗。” 9、杜甫是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人,其诗广泛深刻的反映社会现实,被称为“诗史”,杜甫也因此被尊为“诗圣”,有著名的“三吏”:《潼关吏》、《石壕吏》、《新安吏》;“三别”:《新婚别》、《垂老别》、《无家别》。 10、我国第一部纪传体通史是《史记》(又称《太史公书》),作者是汉朝的司马迁,鲁迅称《史记》为“史家之绝唱,无韵之《离骚》”,有:12本纪、30世家、70列传、10表、8书,共130篇。 11、“四史”:《史记》、《汉书》、《后汉书》、《三国志》。 12、元曲四大家:关汉卿、郑光祖、白朴、马致远。

中国传统文化常识大全

中国传统文化常识大全(干货,建议收藏) 2017-09-10 00:01 常见借代词语 1、桃李:学生 2、社稷、轩辕:国家 3、南冠:囚犯 4、同窗:同学 5、烽烟:战争 6、巾帼:妇女 7、丝竹:音乐 8、伉俪:夫妻 9、白丁、布衣:百姓 10、伛偻,黄发:老人 名家与作品 1、唐宗:唐太宗李世民宋祖:宋太祖赵匡胤秦皇:秦始皇嬴政汉武:汉武帝刘彻 2、我国第一位田园诗人是东晋的陶渊明(陶潜),他"不为五斗米折腰"。 3、世界文学作品中四大吝啬鬼:葛朗台、夏洛克、泼溜希金、阿巴贡。 4、中国吝啬鬼的典型:严监生。 5、李杜:李白、杜甫。小李杜:李商隐、杜牧。 6、屈原:我国最早的伟大诗人,他创造了"楚辞"这一新诗体,开创了我国诗歌浪漫主义风格。 7、孔子名丘,字仲尼,春秋时鲁国人,他是儒家学派的创始人,被称为"孔圣人",孟子被称为"亚圣",两人并称为"孔孟"。 8、苏轼称赞王维"诗中有画,画中有诗。" 中国文学之最 1、古代最著名的长篇神话小说是明代吴承恩的《西游记》; 2、古代最著名的长篇历史小说是明初罗贯中的《三国演义》; 3、古代最早写农民起义的长篇小说是元末明初施耐庵的《水浒传》; 4、古代最伟大的现实主义长篇小说是清代曹雪芹的《红楼梦》; 5、古代最杰出的长篇讽刺小说是清代吴敬梓的《儒林外史》; 6、古代最杰出的文言短篇小说集是清代蒲松龄的《聊斋志异》; 7、古代最早的语录体散文是《论语》; 8、古代最早的记事详备的编年体史书是《左传》;

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中国文化常识中英文对照

十二属相 中国民间有一个传统习俗,人一出生,就有一种动物做他的属相。属相,也叫“生肖”,是中国民间传统的纪年和计算年龄的方法。 中国古代的纪年法是帝王年号与“干支”并用,其中“干支纪年法”从史书上有明文记载的公元前841年(庚申年),一直沿用到现在。“干”是“天干”,有十个字组成,这十个字是:甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸。“支”是“地支”,由十二个字组成,这十二个字是:子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥。把天干的十个字和地支的十二个字按顺序配合起来,可以得到60种排列,如:甲子、乙丑、丙寅……这60种排列周而复始,循环使用,每六十年叫做“一个甲子”。如公历的2001年,是农历的辛巳年,公历的2002年,是农历的壬午年;而六十年后,2061年又是辛巳年,2062年又是壬午年。从东汉(25——220)时开始,人们又用鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪12种动物来配十二地支,组成了十二生肖,也叫十二属相。这就是子鼠、丑牛、寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、巳蛇、午马、未羊、申猴、酉鸡、戌狗、亥猪。这样,子年是鼠年,丑年是牛年,寅年是虎年……于是,每个人一出生,就有一种动物作他的属相。子年出生的属鼠,丑年出生的属牛,寅年出生的属虎,以此类推。 现在,中国人在用公历纪年和计算年龄的同时,仍然习惯用属相纪年和推算年龄。

twelve symbolic animals it is traditional in China,when a perpon is born,one animal(shuxiang)is used to symbolize this year.Shuxiang,also called shengxiao(any ofthe 12 animals representing the Earthly Branches),is a traditional way in China to number the years and to record a person's age. The ancient Chinese people invented the method to designate the years by the Heavenly Stems consist of the characters:jia,yi,bing,ding,wu,ji,geng,xin,ren,and gui.And the Earthly Branches are composed of 12 characters:zi,shu,yin,mao,chen,si,wu,wei,shen,you,xu,https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8213331017.html,bining each of the 10 Heavenly Stems with one of the 12 Earthly Branches in sequence creates 60 chronological symbols.For example jiazi,yichou,bingyin,etc.These 60 symbols are used in circles and thus each year has a chronological symbol.For example,2001 corresponds to xinsi,2002 to renwu in the lunar calendar;after 60 years,2061,once again,corresponds to xinsi,and 2062,to https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8213331017.html,ter,people used 12 animalsto correspond to the 12 Earthly Branches,forming the 12Symbolic Animals,namely Earthly Branch One Rat,Earthly Branch Two Ox,Earthly Branch Three Tiger,Earthly Branch Four Rabbit,Earthly Branch Five Dragon,Earthly Branch Six Snake,Earthly Branch Seven Horse,Earthly Branch Eight Sheep,Earthly Branch Nine Monkey,Earthly Branch Ten Rooster,Earthly Branch Eleven Dog,Earthly Branch Twelve Pig.Thus the zi year is the Year of the Rat,and the chou Year is the year of the Ox,and the yin Year is the Year of the Year of Tiger,etc.Therefore,when a person is born,he has an animal as his aymbolic animal.The year 2002 was a renwu year under lunar calendar,also the year of Horse,and so children born in this yea are all Horse babies. Even though the Chinese people now number the years and their age under the Gregorian calendar,the still continue to use the symbolic animals.As long as people know a person' probable age and his symbolic animao,people can infer his exact age and year of birth.

英国文化与中国文化对比(英文)

Western students enjoy a seemingly relaxed educational experience. This, however, is not the case for students in Asia, who face crushing workloads and are often very disciplined. In the first part of her Globalist. The decision is partly based on an inability —or unwillingness —to spend thousands of dollars in tuition fees, especially given the suspicion that local schools are better anyway. After all, what more could one want from a basic education than a strong grounding in language, math and science, all subjects in which Asian schools famously excel. Our main concern is the ability of our son —and indeed the whole family — to adapt to the strict diligence that is expected of the Chinese. Apprehension increases when talking to local friends. China has a long history of standardized tests, beginning with the ancient imperial exams initiated during the Sui Dynasty.Shelly Chen is at the top of the class at the Shanghai foreign language school, one of the city’s best middle schools. Already near fluent in English, she is studying German and ranks among the highest in her grade

中考语文《中国古代文学常识》知识点汇总

中考语文《中国古代文学常识》知识点汇总 一、文学流派或团体的归类。 1、儒家学派的代表人物有:孔子、孟子。 2、道家学派的代表人物有:老子、庄子。 3、墨家的代表人物有:墨子。 4、法家学派化人物有:韩非子。 5、屈宋:指战国时期的屈原、宋玉。 6、扬马:指西汉扬雄、马司相如。 7、三曹:指曹操、曹植、曹丕。8、建安七子:指孔融、王粲、陈琳、刘桢、徐干、阮禹、应玚 9、沈诗任笔:指南朝齐梁间的沈约和任昉。10、初唐四杰:指王勃、杨炯、卢照邻、骆宾王。 11、沈宋:指初唐武后时期著名的宫延诗人沈全期和宋之问。 12、唐代诗人属于边塞诗派的有:王昌龄、岑参、高适、王之涣、李颀。 13、张王乐府:指张籍、王建所写的乐府诗。 14、郊寒岛瘦:苏轼语,是对中唐诗人孟郊、贾岛诗风的形象概括。 15、元白:指中唐诗人元稹和白居易。16、南唐二主:指五代时南唐的两个皇帝,中主李璟和后主李煜。 17、三苏:是苏轼、苏洵、苏辙。 18、唐宋八大家:指韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修、王安石、曾巩、苏轼、苏洵、苏辙。 19、宋代词人中属于豪放派的有:苏轼、辛弃疾。 20、宋代词人中属于婉约派的有:柳永、李清照。 21、元代元曲四大家:指关汉卿、郑光祖、白朴、马致远。 22、明代后七子:指宗臣、李攀龙、王世贞、谢榛、梁有誉、涂中行、吴国伦。 23、唐宗派:是明代前后七于的反对派作家有:王慎中、唐顺之、归有光。 24、公安派三袁:指袁宗道、袁宏道、袁中道。 25、明末清初“三大思想家”:指顾炎武、黄宗羲、王夫之。 26、南施北宋:指清初著名诗人施闰章和宋琬。 27、宋诗派:即清代“同光体”诗人,代表作家是陈三立、陈衍。 28、浙西词派:清初词派,以浙江秀水(今嘉兴市)人朱彝尊为代表。 29、阳羡词派:清初词派,以江苏省宜兴人陈维崧为代表。 30、常州词派:清中叶词派,代表人物是张惠言。 31、桐城派:清中叶最著名的一个散文流派,主要作家有方苞、姚鼐。 32、苏州作家群:清初戏曲家群体,代表人有李玉、朱素臣、朱佐朝。 33、南洪北孔:指清初著名的戏剧家洪异和孔尚任。 34、南社:成立于1909年,发起人为陈去病、高旭和柳亚子。 二、作家在文学史上的地位的归类。 1、孔子是我国古代伟大的思想家和教育家,儒家学派的创始人。 2、孟子是孔子之后儒家学派的主要代表。 3、庄子是老子之后道家的主要代表。 4、屈原是我国古代第一个伟大的爱国诗人。 5、苟于是战国末期儒家思想的集大成者。 6、韩非于是战国末期法家思想员著名的代表。 7、李斯是秦代散文作家中的代表人物。8、曹操是建安文坛的领袖,开风气之先,影响一代诗风。 9、曹植是建安时期最负盛名的作家。 10、陶渊明:中国文学史上第一人以自己的田园生活为内容进行诗歌创作。

高考常考中国古代文化常识大全

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高考英语传统文化相关知识点学习资料

高考英语传统文化相 关知识点

近几年,高考英语更重视考查学生阅读能力、跨文化交际能力和思维能力。掌握一些传统文化名词和背诵一些传统文化方面的范文,对提高听力、阅读理解、作文成绩有着很大的帮助! 一. 100个中国传统文化名词1.元宵节: Lantern Festival 2.刺绣:Embroidery 3.重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival 4.清明节:Tomb Sweeping Day 5.剪纸:Paper Cutting 6.书法: Calligraphy 7.对联:(Spring Festival) Couplets 8.象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9.雄黄酒:Realgar Wine 10.四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11.战国:Warring States 12.风水:Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13.昆曲:Kunqu Opera 14.长城:The Great Wall 15.集体舞:Group Dance 16.黄土高原:Loess Plateau 17.红臼喜事:Weddings and Funerals 18.中秋节:Mid-Autumn Day 19.花鼓戏:Flower Drum Song 20.儒家文化:Confucian Culture 21.中国结:Chinese knotting

22.古装片:Costume Drama 23.武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie 24.元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25.越剧:Yue Opera 26.火锅:Hot Pot 27.江南:South Regions of the Yangtze River 28.《诗经》:The Book of Songs 29.谜语:Riddle 30.《史记》:Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 31.《红楼梦》:A Dream of Red Mansions 32.《西游记》:The Journey to the West 33.除夕:Chinese New Year's Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 34.针灸:Acupuncture 35.唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery 36.二人转 : Errenzhuan 37.偏旁 :Radical 38.孟子:Mencius 39.亭/阁:Pavilion/Attic 40.黄梅戏 :Huangmei Opera 41.火药:Gunpowder 42.农历:Lunar Calendar 43.印/玺:Seal/Stamp 44.腊八节:The laba Rice Porridge Festival

中国文化 英文表达

1. 元宵节:Lantern Festival 2. 刺绣:embroidery 3. 重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival 4. 清明节:Tomb sweeping day 5. 剪纸:Paper Cutting 6. 书法:Calligraphy 7. 对联:(Spring Festival) Couplets 8. 象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9. 人才流动:Brain Drain/Brain Flow 10. 四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11. 战国:Warring States 12. 风水:Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13. 铁饭碗:Iron Bowl 14. 函授部:The Correspondence Department 15. 集体舞:Group Dance 16. 黄土高原:Loess Plateau 17. 红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals 18. 中秋节:Mid-Autumn Day 19. 结婚证:Marriage Certificate 20. 儒家文化:Confucian Culture 21. 附属学校:Affiliated school 22. 古装片:Costume Drama 23. 武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie 24. 元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25. 一国两制:One Country, Two Systems 26. 火锅:Hot Pot

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