2012年英语专业四级阅读理解及答案.docx

2012 TEM4

TEXT A

Saying “thank you ”is probably the first thing most of us

learn to do in a foreign language．After all，we’re brought up to be polite，and it is important to make a good impression upon other people—especially across national divides．So．what exactly are you supposed to say when "thank you" is only the 20th most popular way to express gratitude? According to a recent survey,19 other ways of expressing appreciation finished ahead of "thank you" in a poll of 3,000

people ．

Pollsters found almost half of those asked preferred the

more informal“cheers”，while others liked to use such expressions as“ta”,“great" and“nice one”．

So，just what is the appropriate form of words to

express your thanks?

Fortunately, the clue is in the language

itself ．“ Cheers”， despite its popularity，is considered an informal way to say thank you—and this is a definite clue as

to when you can best use it．

For instance ，when going for a drink with friends，a smile and a“cheers ”by way of thanks is not only appropriate to t he

situation ，it is also culturally accurate．

“Ta”， originated from the Danish word“tak”, was the second-most popular expression of thanks ，and is also commonly

used in informal situations，along with phrases such as“nice

one”， and“brilliant”．Interestingly,one word that didn ’t makeit into the top 20 was“thanks ”． Thank you's shorter, more

informal cousin．

“Thanks”can be useful ， as it is able to bridge the divide between the formality of“thank you" and the downright

relaxed “cheers ”．

Certain words can double as an expression of thanks as well as delight．Again，the words themselves offer the clue as to

when best to use them．

For example，words like “awesome”，“ brilliant"and“you star" featured highly in the new poll and they can hint at both

your pleasure at someone's action ，as well as serving to express

your thanks ．If you are on the receiving end of a“new”thank

you，you can respond with a simple “no problem ”, or “sure ”．Of course ，in certain circumstances ，a simple wave，nod or smile may be appropriate．For instance，if a car driver slows

down to let you cross the road，simply raising your hand in acknowledgement is enough to show that you appreciate the

driver's consideration．

Sometimes，formality is necessary, and“thank you”is

still the best choice in such situations．

But students should not worry about when exactly to use

certain expressions．

Many people in Western countries are worried that good

manners are in decline．People are

tired of seeing their acts of kindness and service pass

without comment ．So don’t think that your

“thank you ”was clumsy or awkwardly formal．The chances are ，if you said“thank you”，you

made someone’s day ．You star ．

81．We can tell from the results of the poll that

A．people are unconcerned about politeness nowadays．

B．“ thank you”r emains the best expression of gratitude ．

C．there is a variety of expressions of appreciation．

D．there are more formal expressions than informal ones．82．Which word/phrase does NOT appear in the top 20?

A．Cheers． B ．Thanks． C．Brilliant ． D．You star．

83．According to the passage．which is an appropriate response to “awesome”or “brilliant”?

A．Thanks． B ．Cheers． C．Nice one ． D．Sure．

84．According to the passage ，the way in which we express

our gratitude depends on all the following EXCEPT

A．gender． B ．formality．C．culture．D．circumstance．85．In the last paragraph the author encourages people to

A．continue their acts of kindness．

B．behave themselves well．

C．show their gratitude to others．

D．stop worrying about bad manners．

TEXT B

From 2007 to 2010 ，American households lost $l1 trillion

in real estate，savings, and stocks More than half of all U．S．workers either lost their jobs or were forced to take cuts in hours or pay during the recession．The worst may be behind them now, but the shocking losses of the past few years have reshaped nearly every facet of their lives—how they live，work，and spend —even the way they think about the future．For Cindy, the recession began when her husband was

relocated to Rhinelander,Wisconsin ．by his companyforcing the family to move in a hurry．The couple bought a new house but

were unable to sell their two-bedroom home in Big Lake，

Minnesota ．With two mortgages( 抵押借款 ) and two young children

to care for, Cindy couldn't imagine how to stretch her husband's

paycheck to keep her family fed．

Then she stumbled upon an online community called

Blotanical ，a forum for gardeners，many with an interest in

sustainability．“ The more I read and discussed these

practices，the more I realized this would help not only our

budget but also our health，” she says．

Cindy admits that before the recession ，she was a city girl with no interest in growing her own dinner．“ I grew flowers

mostly —I didn ’t think about plants that weren’t visually

interesting." But to stretch her budget，she began putting in vegetables and fruit—everything from strawberry beds to apple

trees —and as her first seedlings grew，her spirits lifted．She no longer thinks of gardening and making her own jams as just

a moneysaver ；they ’re a genuine pleasure ．“ It ’s brought us

closer together as a family, too，” she says．Her kids

voluntarily pitch in with(主动帮助)the garden work，and the

family cooks together instead of eating out．The food tastes

better —it's fresher and organic—and the garden handily

fulfills its original purpose：cost cutting．Now she spends

about $200 to $300 a month on groceries．less than half of the

$650 a month that she used to lay out．

After discovering how resourceful she can be in tough

times ，Cindy is no longer easily discouraged ．“It makesmefeel

proud to be able to s ay I made it myself,”she says．“ I feel

accomplished ，and I'm more confident about attempting things

I've never done before ．" Nowshe avoids convenience stores and has begun learning to knit，quilt，and make her own soap．"I don't think I would have ever begun t his journey if it weren’t

for the recession ，” she says．“ I have a feeling that f rom now on，it will affect my family’s health and happiness for the

better ．"

86．We learn from the first paragraph that the recession

A．affected Americans in certain occupations．

B．had great impact on Americans’work and life．

C．had only brought huge losses in savings and stocks．

D．is over with some of the losses recovered.

87．What madethe family's financial situation even worse was that they

A．moved to Rhinelander in a hurry．

B．had two children to raise．

C．didn't know anyone in Rhinelander．

D．couldn't sell their home in Big Lake．

88．Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A．Cindy had seen the benefits of gardening in a different way．

B．Cindy had developed a hobby of gardening before the recession ．

C．Cindy had already had a keen interest in sustainability．D．Cindy had already planned to meet the gardeners．

89．In addition, Cindy views gardening as a genuine pleasure because gardening

A．helped her cut living costs almost by half．

B．enabled her to make her own jams．

C．built up family ties and kids’enthusiasm．

D．enabled her to know more about plants．

90．What does Cindy think of the difficult times she has

gone through?

A．It gave the couple and their kids a tough lesson．

B．It gave her confidence and optimism．

C．It would come again and affect the family．

D．It left a lasting psychological impact on the family．TEXT C

“I'm a little worried about my future，” said Dustin Hoffman in The Graduate．He should be so lucky．All he had to worry about was whether to have an affair with Mrs Robinson．In the sixties，that was the sum total of post-graduation anxiety syndrome．

Hoffman's modern counterparts are not so fortunate．The Mrs Robinsons aren't sitting around at home any more，seducing graduates ．They are out in the workplace ，doing the high-powered jobs the graduates want，but cannot get ．For those fresh out

of university, desperate for work but unable to get it，there is a big imbalance between supply and demand．And there is no narrowing of the gap in sight．

The latest unemployment figures show that746,000 of 18-24 year-olds are unemployed— a record rate of 18 per cent．Many of those will have graduated this summer．They are not panicking yet ，but as the job rejections mount up，they are beginning to feel alarmed．

Of course ，it is easy to blame the Government and，in particular,the target that Labour has long trumpeted---50per cent of school-leavers in higher education．That was not too smart ．The Government has not only failed to meet its

target —the actual figure is still closer to 40 per cent — but

it has raised expectations to unrealistic levels．

Parents feel as badly let down as the young people

themselves ．Middle-class families see their graduate offspring

on the dole(救济金)queue and wonder why they bothered paying

school fees．Working-class families feel an even keener sense of disappointment ．For manysuch families，getting a child into university was the fulfillment of a lifelong dream．It

represented upward social and financial mobility．It was proof that they were living in a dynamic，economically successful

country ．That dream does not seem so rosy now．

Graduate unemployment is not，ultimately, a political problem ready to be solved ．Job-creation schemes for graduates are very low down in ministerial in-trays．If David Cameron's

Conservatives had a brilliant idea for guaranteeing every

graduate a well-paid job ，they would have unveiled it by now．It is a social problem，though a more deep-seated social problem

than people perhaps realize．

91．The author begins with an episode from The Graduate in order to

A．support the fact that more women are working now．

B．show that few graduates started working right after

graduation ．

C．demonstrate that there were much fewer graduates than

now．

D．emphasize the sharp contrast between now and then．

92．With regard to job opportunities for young graduates ，the author sounds

A．pessimistic．B．hopeful．C．indifierent．D．furious．93．The author is ____ the Labour Government's target：50% of school leavers in higher education．

A．in favour of B．doubtful about

C．strongly critical of D．mildly critical of

94．Which of the following statements about

parents ’feelings is CORRECT?

A．Working—class parents feel just as disappointed．

B．Parents and their children feel equally disappointed．C．Middle —class parents feel more disappointed．

D．Parents feel more disappointed than their children．95．Towards the end of the passage，the author implies that A．there will be job-creation schemes for graduates．

B．graduate unemployment is more of a political issue．

C．graduate unemployment is both a political and a social

issue ．

D．the Conservatives are doing far from enough to solve the issue ．

TEXT D

No matter how many times you have seen images of the golden mask of boyking Tutankhamen，comeface to face with it in Egypt's Cairo museum，and you will suck in your breath．

It was on Nov 4 ，1923，that British archaeologist Howard

Carter stumbled on a stone at the base of the tomb of another

pharaoh( 法老 )in Luxor that eventually led to a sealed doorway．Then，on Nov 23，Carter found a second door and when he stuck his head through it ，what he saw was to stun the world ．Inside

lay the great stone coffin，enclosing three chests of gilded wood．

A few months later, when a crane lifted its granite cover

and one coffin after another was removed, Carter found a solid block of gold weighing 110kg．In it was the mummy(木乃伊 ) of the 19-year-old Tutankhamen，covered in gold with that splendid funeral mask．And all this lay buried for more than3,000 years ．

Months after my trip to Egypt, I can relive the rush of

emotion I felt and sense the hush that descended on the crammed Cairo museum's Tutankhamen gallery．

Cairo ，a dusty city of 20 million people ，is a place where time seems to both stand still and rush into utter chaos．It

is a place where the ancient and contemporary happily go along

on parallel tracks．

Take the Great Pyramids of Giza，sitting on the western edge of the city ．Even as the setting sun silhouettes these gigantic structures against the great desert expanse，a call for prayer floats over semi-finished apartment blocks filled with the

activity of city life．

While careful planning for the afterlife may lie buried

underground in Cairo，it is noise and confusion on the streets．Donkey carts b attle for space with pedestrians and the only operative road rule is “might is right ．” But it is a city

that is full of life—from the small roadside restaurants to

the coffee shops where men and womensmoke the shisha( 水烟

壶 ) ． Donkey carts piled high with flat-breads magically find their way in and out the maddening traffic；young womenin long

skirts and headscarves hold hands with young menin open collar

shirts，while conversations dwell on Kuwait's chances at the

soccer World Cup ．

96．According to the context,“suck in your

breath ”means“feel a sense of ____"．

A．awe B．horror C ．doubt D ．delight

97．Which of the following statements about the discovery of the mummy is INCORRECT?

A．The mummy was first discovered by a British

archaeologist．

B．The discovery of the mummy came as a surprise．

C．The mummywas found lying right inside the stone coffin．D．The masked mummy was covered in gold．

98．Which word CANNOTbe used to describe the city of Cairo?

A．Crowdedness． B ．Quiet ． C．Noise ． D．Confusion ．

99．Which pair of words/phrases indicates contrast?

A．Gigantic structure；great desert expanse

B．A call for prayer；men and women with the shisha

C．Chaos；maddening

D．Coffee shops ；pyramids

100．What is the author's attitude towards Cairo?

A．Positive．B．Objective．C．Negative．D. Not clear 81. CBDAC 86. B DACB 91. D ADBC96. ACBAB.

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