自考英语翻译技巧

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自学高教自考英语翻译技巧
定语从句：定语从句是由一些关系代词或者关系副词引导的从句组成，用来修饰名词中心词。
Person has pieced togethter the workd of hundereds of researcher around the world
to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest date when we can
expect hundreds of key breakthrough and discoveries to take place.皮而森汇集了……生产出独
特的千年历，这种千年历（它）能够……
定语的翻译要特别注意位子上的变化，即：如果是单词修饰名词就放在中心词的前面，这和汉
语的词序是一样的；如果定语太长，定语就要放在中心词的后面，这时就要注意断句，重复先行词，例
如：1.I have the same problem as you concerning the learning of English 在学英语的问题上，
我和你有同样的问题。
2.She has a perfect figure. 她身材不错。
3.This is indeed a most pressing problem. 这的确是一个非常棘手的问题。
4.The only other people who knew the secret were his father and mother. 别的知道这
个秘密的人就是他的父母。
5.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who
advise the academic authorities 有效的维持纪律通常是由一些学生来做的，而这些学生则负责给学
校的领导提建议。
6.The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting a d fishing during the last
Ice Age which began about 35，00 B.C. and ended about 10，000 B.C.作出这些刻记的游牧人，依
靠狩猎和捕鱼生活在冰河时代的晚期。这段时期大约始于公元前35，000 年而结束于公元前10，000 年。
7. For several hundred years， cases have been reported of children who have been
reared in the wild by animals kept isolated from all social contact.在过去的几百年中，已经
有记载说，确实有被动物养大的与世隔绝的狼孩的存在。
另外，翻译成汉语时还要注意未省略关系代词和关系副词的定语从句，翻译时所遵守的原则和
上述的一样：关系代词引导的定语从句：8.He is the very person （whom） I‘m looking for.他正
是我要找的人。
9.This is the flexible policy that our government has pursued consistently. 这就是
我们政府一直追求的灵活政策。
10.Those whose families cannot afford board and expenses can be allowed to receive
scholarship.那些家里提供不起食宿的学生可以得到奖学金。
11.There are forms that occasionally occur which should not be taught to students.
有些形式是不能告诉给学生的。
关系副词引导的定语从句：12.I took Mr. John to the village ， where I had spent my
carefree childhood. 我把约翰先生带到我度过无忧无虑童

年的乡村。
13.I still remember the time when we studied in the same university.我还记得我们一
起上大学的日子。
具体翻译来说，定语从句的翻译可分为限制性和非限制性定语从句两种，翻译成汉语时不论是
在语序方面还是重复先行词方面都有一定的讲究：
限制性定语从句的翻译可分为以下几方面：1.前置：这种定语从句一般比较短，翻译起来比较
方便，和汉语的词序完全一样，例如：a.This is the finest weather that I have ever seen this
month.这是这个月我所看到的最好的天气。
b.Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing. 我们两国是
友谊长存的友好邻邦。
c.Teachers generally like the students who achieve high scores in tests.老师通常喜
欢考试中成绩好的学生。
d.他不是一个轻易服输的人He is not the one who will give up easily.
以上的这些例子告诉我们，如果定语很短的话，我们可以把他象汉语一样放在中心词的前面。
但是，有的时候，如果定语太长，读起来就不符和汉语的习惯，因此，往往要后置，重复先行词，这就
是下面要提到的定语从句的“后置”问题，例如：
2.后置：a. Misers are often lonely and obscure men whose wealth is revealed only after
their death.吝啬鬼经常是看起来年很孤单、不为人所主意，可他们的财富只有等到他们死了以后才暴
露出来。
3.“综合性”的翻译法。
综合性“的翻译就是，翻译时不需要关系词，其中的关系完全靠上下文的意思来表现出来，例
如：a.This is the place where the accident occurred.这就是发生交通事故的地方。
b.The person who delivered the letter to him is his neighbor. 他的邻居把信交给了他。
c. There is a big oak tree that stands just in front of the village.村子前面有棵大
象树d.Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly，
honestly， and frankly about their trouble. 大多数病人想找人坦率、诚实地倾诉他们的苦衷。
非限制性定语从句：这里，也可以分为以下几种：1.前置：a. We need a chairman ， in whom
everyone has confidence 我们需要一个人人都信赖的主席。
b.The worldly well-known actor， who had been ill for two years ， meet thunderstorm
applause when reappeared on the stage.那个病了很多年的著名演员，一上台观众就报以雷鸣般的掌
声。
c. Piccaso， whose works inspired many artists， lived until he was a ripe old age.
毕加索的作品曾鼓励了很多人，后来年纪很大时，作品也日趋成熟。
2.后置：这里包括：重复先行词，译成并列分句。这是比较常见的翻译方法：
a.He deposits

a little sum of money in the bank ， by which means he hopes to deal
with any potential emergency easily.我们每个月都在银行里存一些钱，这样，碰到有任何危机时，
我们就可以应付了。
b. A table has four legs， one of which is broken.桌子有四条腿，其中的一条腿是坏的。
c. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems ， of which obtaining
water is not the least. 生活在澳大利亚中部有很多问题，其中取水还不算最艰苦的。
d.He decided to resign， which is the best thing he could do under the circumstances.
他决定辞职，而这是他目前所能做的最好的事。
e.He is late for class today， as is often the case.他今天迟到了，而这是经常的事。
以上的句子在翻译成汉语后，要重复先行词。其中的“which ”可以是指前面的整个句子，也
可以单指某个先行词。
3.省略先行词这种句行就象前面讲的“综和性”翻译一样，直接把整个句子的意思讲出来，例
如：a.The two universities signed an agreement， under which they would exchange students
and scholars. 这两个大学，签定了协议，决定交换学生和学者。
b.He caught a young soldier coming to the farmhouse ， whose face turned pale for
too much loss of blood. 他看见一个士兵走进农舍，脸色因失血过多而苍白。
c. He passed the exam ， which can be read from his the light on his face.我从他脸
上就可以看出他已通过了考试。
d. He arrived at the railway station in time， which is expected .他果然准时到了火
车站。
4.译成状语从句有些作定语的句子听起来却有点象状语从句，因此翻译时可以将其译成状语似
的从句：a.You should take advantage of the opportunity to learn English well， which is very
valuable. （原因）
你应该利用这个机会好好学习英语，这太重要了。
b.We examine the quality of our products， which is why they are so reliable. （原
因）
我们检验产品很仔细，因此产品都很可靠。
c.I never believe the stories ， which is appealing.（让步）
我从不相信他所说的故事，即使它很动听。
5.“as”引导的句子：除了以上这些例子以外，还有一些特殊的由“as”引导的句子，翻译时
可参考“as”的比较结构从句：a. He is not such as fool as he looks 他并不象看上去的那么傻。
b. They were not such questions as could easily be disposed of. 这些问题可不是那么
容易就能处理好的。
c. It wasn‘t such a good dinner as she had promised us.这顿饭可没有她向我们说的那
么好。
自学高教自考英语翻译技巧2
直译与意译
直译是基础，意译是补充能直译就尽量直译，不能直译

就采取意译
1. Their accent couldn‘t fool a native speaker. A. 他们的口音不能愚弄本地人B.本地
人是不会听不出他们是外乡人的。
C.本地人一听他们的口音便知道他们是外乡人的。
2. Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly person beautiful ， nor is it a way
to make social problems evaporate.意译：砸镜子并不能解决实际问题。
直译：砸镜子并不能使丑八怪变漂亮，也不能使社会问题烟消云散。
3.He felt a rush of fear churning his stomach.直译：他感到一阵恐惧涌上胃口意译：他
感到一阵恐惧涌上心头
4. He bent solely upon profit. A. 他只屈身与利润之前B.只有利润才使他低头。
C.他惟利是图
5. Would there be any possibility of having breakfast on the train before we are decanted
in Munich ？
A.当我们在慕尼黑被腾出车厢之前有任何在火车上吃早饭的可能性吗？
B.我们在慕尼黑被腾出车厢之前，有可能在火车上吃早饭吗？
6. He had about as much chance of getting a job as of being chosen mayor of Chicago.
A.他找到工作的机会和当选芝加哥市长的机会差不多B.他找到工作的机会简直跟当选芝加哥市长同样困
难。
C.他找到工作的机会简直微乎其微。
正说与反说
1.The administration was free corruption. 这届政府没有腐败现象
2. Wet paint. 油漆未干
3.I remained confused about the problem.这个问题我还是不懂
4. They are dependent on each other.他们谁也离不开谁
5. He is far from what I expected.他远不是我想象的那样。
6. let bygones be bygones.既往不咎
7. As was expected， he passed the exam easily. 果不出所料，他轻而易举地通过了考试
8.We will live up to what our Patty expects of us.我们决不辜负党对我们的期望。
9. I hate the lack of privacy in the dorrnitory.我讨厌宿舍里没有独处的机会。
10. You evidently think otherwise.你显然有不同的看法
11. He will die of hunger before he will steal. 他宁愿饿死，也不愿去偷。
12. That little bridge is anything but safe.那座桥一点也不安全。
13. So far from taking my advice， he went and did just what I warned in ~ainit.他
不但不听我的劝告，反而去做了我警告他不要做的事情。
14. He was more frightened than hurt. 他没有受什么伤，倒是受惊不小
正说
15. Don't unstring your shoes.把鞋带系上
16. Ml the teachers ， without exception are to attend the meet Sunday. 所有的老师
都要参加星期五的会议。
17. She carne into the room without shoes on. 她光脚走进了房间。
18. The doctor lost no tune in getting the sick man to hospital.医生立即把病人送往
医院。
19. I have no doubt that y

ou will succeed.我相信你会成功。
20. It's no distance at all to the school ， only a short walk. 从这到学校很近，只
需要很短一段路。
正、反说分析
21.If he had kept his temper， the negotiations would probably have been a success.
如果他克制脾气，谈判可能早就成功了。
22.Some people refrain from expressing their gratitude because they feel it will not
be welcome. 有些人不愿意表达他们的感激之情，因为觉得着有可能不受欢迎。
23. If you forward the transcripts yourself ， they can be considered official only
if the school envelope has remained sealed. 如果证件由申请人本人递交，则本人不得擅自启封，
否则证件将被视为无效。
24. We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 我们对生活要永远抱乐观的
态度。
25. We strongly disapprove of the company' s new policy.我们强烈反对公司的新政策。
拆句单词拆译26.Incidentally ， I suggest that you have the telephone moved to the
sitting-room. 顺便说一句，我建议你把电话移至起居室。
27.He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.
他有个习惯叫人受不了，意思反复不定，一会一个主张。
短语拆译28. Throughout his life ， Benjamin Franklin continued his education， learning
from human contacts as well as from books.本杰明。富兰克林整个一生都在受教育，他不仅从书本
中学习，而且也从与人交往中学习。
29. Energy can neither he created nor destroyed ， a universally accepted law.能量
即不能创造也不能消灭，这是一条公认的规律。
30. The meeting ended with protestations of friendship from everyone. 会议结束，人
人表示彼此将友好相处。
31. His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.
因为他没能遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。
32. His weak chest predisposes him to winter colds. 他的肺部很弱，冬天容易感冒。
33.He shook his head and his eyes were wide ， then narowed in in-dignation.他摇了
摇头，两眼睁的圆圆的，接着有眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤怒的神情。
句子拆译这里主要指英语复合句，尤其是长句的拆译。
34. He had left a note of welcome for me， as sunny as his face.他留下一封段信，对
我表示欢迎，那信写的热情洋溢，一如其人。
35. While I was waiting to enter university ， I saw advertised in a local newspaper
a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. 当我
等着进大学期间，我在一份地方报纸上看到一则广告，说是在离我住处大约10英里的伦敦某郊区，有所
学校要招聘一名教师。
顺序

法
36. Your presumption that I would want to share a flat with you is false. 你认为我
会和你同住一套公寓，那就错了 .
37.Researchers have established that when people are mentally en-gaged， biochemical
changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive （认知的） areas
such as attention and memory. 研究人员证实：人们在动脑筋时，头脑会产生很多的变化，使头脑在
注意力和记忆力这类认知领域中更有效地活动
38. During the ice ages ， human beings exposed to the colder temperatures of the
time would often make their homes in caves. 在冰河时代，人们面临当时较为寒冷的气温，常常在
洞穴里安家。
逆序法
39. It was extended and preserved in the 19th century ， when our nation spread across
the continent ， saved the union， and abolished the awful scourge of slavery.在19世纪，我
们的国家横跨大陆，拯救了联邦，废除了恐怖的奴隶制的蹂躏，这一信念才得以流传可扩展。
40.By January 16， just a month after the beginning of the offensive on which Hitler
had staked his last reserves in men and guns and ammunition ， the German forces were back
to line from which they had set out.到1 月16日，德军又回到了他们当初出击的战线，这恰好是希
特勒把他最后的兵力、大炮、弹药储备孤注一掷、发动进攻的一个月之后。
41. Five score years ago， a great American ， in whose symbolic shadow we stand by，
signed the Emancipation Proclamation. 100 年前，一位伟人签署了《奴隶解放宣言》，今天，我们
正是站在这位伟人富有象征意义的雕象下集会。
变序法（综合法）
42. Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me？
我有个问题弄不懂，想请教你，你能回答吗？
43. He had cleared up those confusions which arose from different medicines that had
the same name and from various names that had been given to the same substance. 药名混乱，
有的由于不同药物同一名称所引起，而有的则由于同一药物不同名称所造成，他对此一一作了澄清。
44. One teacher writes that instead of drowning students' compositions in critical
red ink ， the teacher will get far more constructive results by finding one or two things
which have been done better than last time， and commenting favorably on them.一位老师这样
写到：如果我们能从学生作文中找出一两处比上次做的更好的地方，并提出表扬性评语，而不是用红墨
水把学生的作文批改的一塌糊涂，我们就能从中的更富有建设性的结果。
45. Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends
the virtue of uttering the truth for truth'5 s

ake ， and that is as far as possible do no
harm. 我们的职业传统上格守一个信条，那就是尽可能的不造成伤害，这一信条胜过为讲真话而讲真话
的美德。
46. The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday election
results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat，
which in the end would deprive the Republican Patty of Tong-held superiority in the House.
在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总统就此发了言。他说他无法解释为何共和党遭到
如此大的失败。这种情况最终使共和党在众议院中失去了长期享有的优势。
为何要拆句？
47.Literature offers us the knowledge of the long life which phobia have had in mankind.
文献让我们了解到，恐惧症在人类中具有漫长的历史。
48.What is good ， I suppose， is that many people a"e concerned about TV' s influence
and that we have the power to change what we don' t like. 我看，好在有许多人关心电视的影响，
而我们也有能力改变我们所不喜欢的东西。