句子成分及基本句型
句子成分及基本句型
一、考点、热点回顾
【句子的成分】
在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如：
（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）
（2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）
（3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语）
（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语）
（5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）
（二）谓语
说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。
如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）
We study hard. （行为动词作谓语）
We don’t finish reading the book（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）
He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语
宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）
She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）
We often help him.（代词作宾语）
He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）
We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语）
说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。
说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。
不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring, pass, buy等。
如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story.
（2）The sun gives us light.
间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有：
give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, h and, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。
间接宾语加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay等
（1）I give him a book. 改成：
（2）He passes me the book.（他将书递给我。）改成：
（3）He writes me a letter. 改成：
（4）He will buy me some books. 改
成：
（5）She is making me a cake. 改成：
（四）宾语补足语
在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。
如：They make her happy.（形容词）
I see her dance.（不定式）
We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.（名词）
Please let him in.（副词）
We heard her singing a song.（分词短语）（五）表语
表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。
如：I am a teacher.（名词）
He is always happy.（形容词）
They are on the playground now.（介词短语）
It gets cold.（形容词）
系动词：
Be动词（am，is，are, was, were）
表保持（keep, stay, remain）
表改变（get，become，turn）
感官动词（feel，sound（听起来），seem/look（看起来），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来））
如：It sounds interesting.（sound为系动词，interesting为表语）
We should all remain careful. Remain（为系动词，careful为表语）
（六）定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。
单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。
如：The black bike is mine.（形容词）
What’s your name?（代词）
They make paper flowers.（名词）
说明1：当定语修饰不定代词：nothing, anything, everything, something 等时，定语在不定代词后面。
如：I tell him something interesting. （形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语）
He has something to do. （to do为不定式作后置定语）
说明2：短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。
如：The boys in the room are in Class Four.
（in the room是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。）
（七）状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。
如：He did it carefully.（副词）
We often help him.（副词）
Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介词短语）
When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语）
He sits there.（副词地点状语）
【简单句的五种基本句型】
A.主语+不及物动词(主谓)
如：The sun rises. 太阳升起来。
The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。
rise和stop都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。
B. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)
如：I love my country.
He helps me.
I like action movies.
I buy a book.
C. 主语+系动词+表语(主系表)
如：Her brother is a driver.
We feel happy.（feel为系动词，表示感到……）
It gets dark.天黑了。（get为系动词，表示变得）
Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。（look为系动词，表示看上去，看起来）
D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）(主谓+直宾+间宾)
如：He gives Tom a present.（双宾语）他给汤姆一件礼物。 Mother make a new dress for me.（双宾语）妈妈为我做了一件衣服。
E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)
如：They call her Mary.（宾补）他们叫她Mary。
We make our classroom clean and tidy.（宾补）我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。
He always makes us laugh.（宾补）他总使我们笑。
二、典型例题
写出划线部分的句子成分。
1. Lily is cleaning the desk now.
2. Her garden is the best in our town.
3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.
4. I like this book very much.
5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister.
6. She didn’t come to my party because she was ill.
7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.
8. We will go to the Children’s Palace once a week.
9. They are in the classroom.
10. It sounds good.
11. His name is Paul.
12. We always go to school early.
Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show? Section A
1. What do you think of …?=How do you like...?你认为…怎么样？
2. show
(1) n 可数（电视或广播）节目
talk show谈话节目 game show竞赛节目 sports show体育节目talent show才艺节目 soap opera肥皂剧
(2) n 表演展览 on show 在展出在展览中 (3) v 出示给...看show sb sth=show sth to sb
3.don't mind不介意，不在乎
(1) mind v.介意，在乎+n/pron/doing/从句（if\whether引导）常用在否定句、疑问句和条件句中。 Would you mind opening the door?你介意打开门吗？ Do you mind if I smoke here?你介意我在这儿抽吗？
(2) mind n.想法，精神，心
He always reads others' mind.他总能看透别人的心思。
(3) body and mind身心 make up one's mind to do 下定决心做某事
change one's mind改变主意 keep...in mind 记住 never mind没关系，不要记在心上
4. news n.不可数名词，新闻，新闻节目 No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。 a piece of news一则消息 two pieces of news两则消息newspaper报纸（可数名词）
5. learn
(1) learn by doing sth by 是通过……方式，以……方式，用……方法，是以什么方式或方法 learn...by oneself(自学)
(2)learn from从……得知/获得，向……学习，是指从某个地方或者人学到知识 learn from sb/sth向某人学习 learn sth from sb/sth learn French from him 向他学习法语 learn English from me 向我学英语 learn lessons from mistakes 从错误中吸取教训
(3) learn by 是通过什么方式学 learn ...by heart熟记,背诵
6. follow v 跟随（=go after） following adj 接着的 follow the story
跟着故事 (1)follow vt.遵循，仿效 follow one's advice听从某人的劝
告 (2)follow vt. 听懂，听清 I'm afraid I can't follow you, sir.先生，我没听清. (3)follow sb to do sth 跟随某人做某事
7. happen v
(1) Sth happen +时间/地点某时某地发生了什么 (2)Sth happen to sb 某人出了某事（不好的事情） (3)Sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事 (4)It happened that 碰巧发生某事
8.expect v 期待盼望预期
(1) expect +n/pron 期待某物/事或某人，预计...可能发生 (2) expect to do sth 预计做某事
(3) expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事
(4) expect +that从句预计...
(5) be expecting sb/sth:等某人/物 I expect so.我想会的
9. one day 有一天表示过去的某一天将来的某一天 some day 有一
天将来有一天或日后的某一天
Section B
1. serious adj 严肃的，认真的
(1) be serious about doing sth 认真对待某事；严肃认真做某事…，对
做某事当真 (2) be serious about sb/sth 对某人/某事当真
2. famous adj 著名的=well-known as famous as与……一样有名
(1)be famous/well-known for 因为...而出名（后接著名的原因）
(2) be famous/well-known as作为...而出名（后接表示身份、职业的名词）
(3) be famous/well-known to 为...所熟知
Yao Ming is famous for playing basketball.姚明以打篮球而出名Yao Ming is famous as a basketball player.姚明作为篮球运动员出名
3. come out 出现
(1)出来；出现 The stars came out as soon as it was dark.天一黑星
星就出来了。 (2)开花；发芽 Some flowers have begun to come out.有些
花现在已经开始开花了。 (3)出版；发表，发行 That magazine comes out
every Monday.那份杂志每星期一出版。 (4)透露，传出；公之于世；(真相)大白 The truth has come out at last.真相终于大白。 (5)显出，显露，露出
(6)初次进入社交界；初次登台；初露锋芒，结果是，结局 How did the movie finally come out?这部电影最后的结局如何? (7)考试结果…，考第…名 She came out first in the examination.这次考试她考第一名。 (8) (照片)照得(好坏)，洗出(清晰等)
Everyone came out well in the wedding photograph except the bridegroom. 在结婚照片中除了新郎以外人人照得都不错
4.become 系动词变得.变成可跟形容词或名词
5. successful adj.成功的，有成就的
(1)success成功（不可数名词）成功的人\事（可数名词） (2)succeed 成功 v succeed in doing sth.做某事取得成功 (3)successfully adv 成功地
6. be ready to do sth准备做某事;乐于做某事，愿意迅速做某事
7. try one’s best to do sth.=do one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事
8. dress up 打扮，梳理盛装打扮 (1)dress up like a boy打扮成男孩
(2)dress sb up=dress up sb.盛装打扮某人 dress sb /oneself 给某人穿衣服 (3) get dressed 穿衣服 put on 穿衣服（强调动作）wear穿衣服（强调状态）
9. take sb.’s place sb=replace sb代替替换某人 take the place of 代替
10. do a good job干得好 do the job 奏效，起作用 11. enjoyable adj 愉快的，快乐的
drinkable 可以饮用的 valuable 有价值的 reasonable 有道理的comfortable 舒服的
12. 动词不定式做宾语
be ready to do sth.乐于做某事 try one’s best to do sth.=do one’
s best to do sth.尽力做某事 (1)有些动词只能接不定式做宾语
help hope ask refuse decide promise wish pretend expect learn plan manage agree fail offer happen seem
let plan expect happen (2)有些动词或短语只接动名词做宾语
mind finish enjoy suggest consider miss keep(on) avoid
避开，躲开 stand(忍受) allow practice give up put off look forward to期待，期望 feel like想要做某事 prevent…from 阻止
can't help禁不住，不由自主迫不及待 be/get used to be worth
doing be busy doing (3)后面加动名词与不定式时语义不同的
A. stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事 stop doing 停止
做某事。 B .forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做) forget doing 忘
记做过某事。(已做) C. remember to do 记得去做某事(未做) remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)
D. regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。 (未做) regret doing 对做过的事
遗憾、后悔。 (已做) E. can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help
doing sth 情不自禁做某事 F. try to do 努力，企图做某事 try doing
试验，试着做某事。
G. go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事 go on doing 继续
做原来做的事。 H. mean to do 打算、想 mean doing 意味着
、词组、短语：
1.talk show 访谈节目
2. sports show 体育节目
3. game show 娱乐节目
4.talent show 达人秀
5. have a discussion 进行讨论
6. watch news 看新闻
7. find out
找出，查出，查明 8.watch action movies看动作电影 9. watch cartoons
看动画片 10. the black mouse with two large round ears 长着两只大圆
耳朵的黑色老鼠
11. over 80 years ago 八十多年前 12. on November 18,1928 在1928年11月18日 13. the first cartoon with sound and music第一步有
声音和音乐的动画片 14. in the 1930s 在20世纪30年代
15. as famous as…和……一样著名 16. one of the main reasons 要的理由之一 17. be ready to do sth. 愿意做某事；为
…做准备 18. dress up 装扮；乔装打扮 19. take sb’s place 代替；替换 20. do a good job 干得好
21.let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 22. plan to
do sth. 计划/打算做某事 23.hope to do sth. 希望做某事
24. happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 25.expect to do sth. 盼望做某事. 26. How about doing…? 做……怎么样？
27.try one’s best to do sth. 尽力做某事
28. think of 想起、认为 think about 思考、考虑二、习惯用法、
搭配
----What do you think of talk shows? ----I don’t mind them.
I hope to be a TV reporter one day. How about you? 三、惯用
法、搭配
1、let sb. do sth.让某人做某事，
2、plan to do sth.计划做某事，
3、hope to do sth. 希望做某事，
4、happen to do sth碰巧发生某事，
5、expect to do sth. 期望做某事，
6、How about doing…？= What about…? 做某事怎么样？
7、be ready to
do sth.准备做某事，
8、try one’s best to do sth.=do one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事，
语法：
Do you want to watch the news? Yes, I do . / No, I don’
t.
What can you plan to watch tonight? I plan to watch Days of
Our Past. What do you expect to learn from sitcoms? You can learn some great jokes.
Why do you like watching the news? Because I hope to find out what’s going on around the world.
What do you think of talk shows? I don’t mind them./ I can’
t stand them!/ I love watching them! 词语辨析
the other, the others, other, others, another 辨析
the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个……另一个……时，常用one …the other…。
例：He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.
There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys. the others 特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是the other的复数形式，相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词 = any other + 名词单数。例：You two stay here, the others go with me.
I’m different from Jeff because I’m louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class. other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。
例：We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects. others 作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。
例：Some students are doing homework, others are talking loudly.
another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：
I don’t like this one. Please show me another one. another two
students = two more students 2.look see watch的区别 look 强调看的动作，接宾语时要加at
See强调看的结果，还有看望，明白等意思
Watch一般精力比较集中，如看电视、演出、球赛等watch the football game 语言点讲解
1、think of = think about 认为
What do you think of (=how do you like )this movie? 你认为这个电
影怎么样 What does your father think of his boss? How about doing …?做……怎么样？ 2、I don’t mind them. 我不介意他们。
mind: n 头脑、想法change one’s mind改变主意make up one’s mind 下决心 mind: v介意；在乎；反对。多用于以下句型：（表示请求或征求意见） Would you mind doing …?
Would you mind opening the door? Do you mind …? Do you mind my dog?
3、I can’t stand it! 我不能忍受它/我受不了它！ stand: 顺利接受；
忍受（多用于否定句、疑问句） 4、I do, too. / I don’t, either. 我也… / 我也不… too 与either的区别： too“也”，表示肯定意义，
与肯定的表达方法连用；而either “也不”，表示否定意义，与否定的表达
方法连用。
--My brother likes to play soccer. ?I do, too.
--My brother doesn’t like to play soccer. ?I don’t, either. 5、
a thirteen-year-old boy 一个十三岁的男孩。
此结构中，year用单数形式，且用连字符，类似的结构还有： five-month-old baby 五个月大的婴儿试比较：
He is a student. He is thirteen years old. He is a thirteen-year-old student. 6、hair clip 发卡
有关hair的其他几个常见短语：
hair band 发带, hair cut发型，发式；理发（名词）, hair dresser理
发师
7、happen
Sth happen +时间/地点某时某地发生了什么 Sth happen to sb 某
人出了某事（不好的事情） Sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事 It happened that 碰巧发生某事
8、be famous/well-known for因什么而出名 Be famous/well-known as
作为什么而出名 as famous as与……一样有名
9、dress up 盛装打扮 dress sb up/dress uo sb.盛装打扮某人 dress
sb /oneself 给某人穿衣服 get dressed 穿衣服 put on 穿衣服（强调动作）wear穿衣服（强调状态）
重难点知识动词不定式做宾语
let sb. do sth.让某人做某事 plan to do sth.计划/打算做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某事 happen to do sth.碰巧做某事
expect to do sth.盼望做某事 be ready to do sth.乐于做某事 try one’
s best to do sth.尽力做某事有些动词只能接不定式做宾语。
例如：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，learn，plan，manage，agree，fail，offer，happen，seem等等。例如：He refused to speak on the radio. 二、有些动词或短语只接动名词做宾语：例如：mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，consider，miss，keep(on)，avoid避开，躲开，stand(忍受)，allow ，practice，give up，put off，look forward to期待，期望，feel like想要做某事，prevent…from，阻止can't help禁不住，不由自主迫不及待，be/get used to ，be worth doing，be busy doing 例如： His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking. I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.
She doesn't feel like eating anything，being ill for a few days. 后面加动名词与不定式时语义不同的
1、stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing 停止做某事。
2、forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)
3、remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做) remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)
4、regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。 (未做)
regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。 (已做) 5、can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事 6、try to do 努力，企图做某事。 try doing 试验，试着做某事。
7、go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。 go on doing 继续做原来做的事。 8、mean to do 打算、想 mean doing 意味着
优化训练：
单项选择
( )21."________do you_________sitcoms?"
"I love them."
A.How, think of
B.What, like of
C. What, think of
D.What, like
（）22.My mother wants me ________.
A. help her
B.not help her
C.not to watch TV
D.to not watch TV
( )23.Mickey is one of _________ in the world.
A. famousest cartoon character
B.the most famous cartoon characters B. famousest cartoon characters D. the most famous cartoon character ( )24. I don’t like action movies. I think they’
re ________.
A．boring B．difficult C．interesting D．exciting （）25. He even ________ a Beijing Opera artist.
A．want to be B．wants to be C．want is D．is want （）
26.I don’t mind what _________.
A .do you think of me
B .do you think of me C. you think of me D.
you like of me ( )27.I don’t mind _____ the window. .It’s too cold. A, close B. closing C. to close D. closes ( )28. .He looks rich.
______, he is very poor.
A. But
B. However
C. While
D.Yet
( )29.She expect ______ the film Tiny Times directed by Guo Jingming.
A. see
B. to see
C. seeing
D. to seeing ( )30.Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf is _____.
A .serous B. meaningless C. enjoyable D. simple A.根据
句意和提示写出单词，使句子完整 51.Mickey Mouse is a f cartoon character.
52.If you try you best, you will be . (成功的) 53.Jet Li is
a great a movie star.
54.You don’t look well. What (发生) to you? 55.My teacher is
funny. She often tells to us. B.用所给词的正确形式填空。
56.People in the west often think that the number thirteen is .
(luck) 57.The students are having a (discuss) about TV shows.
58.I can’t stand (watch) the soap opera.
59.My brother with my father (be) going to Shanghai tomorrow.
60.He planned (go) to Beijing next holiday. 按要求完成下列各
题。
66.I don’t like this movie because it is meaningless .(对画线部
分提问) this movie?
67.He wants to watch a game show .(对画线部分提问) he
want ?
68.I don’t mind the comedies.(对画线部分提问) the comedies.
69.You can’t play soccer in the hallways.(改为祈使句) soccer in the hallways.
70.I think scary movies are fantastic.(改为否定句) I scary
movies fantastic
十大词性 句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习(附答案)..
十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习 一、新课导入 个体名词 集体名词 普通名词 物质名词 1.名词 抽象名词 专有名词 功能：表示人或事物的名称 人称代词： 主格 宾格 （注意it 的用法） 物主代词： 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词：this, that, these, those 单数：myself`, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself 反身代词： 复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves 2.代词 疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which. 简单不定代词：One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ every another, other, the other, others, the others 复合不定代词： somebody, anybody, nobody 不定代词 someone, anyone, no one something, anything, nothing everybody, everyone, everything 功能：用来代替名词、形容词或数词等 3.数词： 基数词 序数词 功能：表数量或顺序 4.冠词： 定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 //功能：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 表地点：at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath …. 表时间： in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind, 5.介词： 表运动： across/ through/ over/ pass … 表方位：…. 其他 功能：用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系 可数名词 不可数名词
句子成分及基本句型
实用标准文档 文案大全句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来 担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词
句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型 句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如： We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如： I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名
词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.(名词)我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.(介词短语)他们在家里。 She got angry. (形容词)她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.(数词)她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型 句子成分 A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或 “什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合 谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C. 表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语（Direct Object）和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语（Object Complement）是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret. F．定语（Attribute）定语修饰名词或代词。 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known Betty’ｓsister? There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home. G．状语（Adverbial）用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school. 讲出划线部分的句子成分： 1．Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable. 2．I have a lot to say on this matter. 3．Please give me some advice. 4．She is quite all right now. 5． A lonely person is always alone. 6． A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.
初中句子成分和基本句型完整版
初中句子成分和基本句 型 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
句子成分和基本句型 句子包含哪些成分？ 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、{补语（complement）、同位语（apposite）} 1.主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． Thegirlispretty.Readingisuseful. Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends. 2.谓语说明主语做什么，以什么状态或特征存在，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． Theyareteachers.Shelookswell. Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates. 3.表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面Iamateacher.Shefeelshappy. Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow. Hewentmad.Seeingisbelieving. 4.宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．Sheplaysthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme. IlikewatchingTV.Shelikestogotoshopthisafternoon. Ithinkthatheisgoodboy. 5.宾语补足语：在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当． Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen. WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome. Iheardmynamecalled. 6.状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当． Hediditcarefully.Hestudiedveryhard. IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen. Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.
句子成分和基本句型
句子成分和基本句型 什么是句子？ 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？！ I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! *句子成分由词或词组充当 英语的基本成分有七种： 主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)补语(complement) １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends. 谓语： 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 表语： 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. 宾语 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后． She plays the piano. He often helps me.
句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词 ．．充当。例如： We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如： I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.（名词）我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.（介词短语）他们在家里。 She got angry. （形容词）她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如： This is a green cup.（形容词）这是一个绿色的杯子。
五种基本句型及句子成分分析
五种基本句型及句子成分的分析五种基本句型的分析能力的培养是分析一切复杂句子的基础，是分析千千万万个句子的基础，因为众多的 句子都是由五种基本句型变换过来的。 所谓五种基本句型分析能力就是：看到一个简单句就能立刻分析出这个句子属于五种句型中的哪种；能够立刻分析出句子的主干是什么，能够快速分割，快速整合。 怎样才能具备这种能力呢？ 先理解理论（怎么去做的方法）后多实践做练习，实践是最重要的，能力在大量的实践练习中应该可以掌握。 在培养这个能力过程中还需要记忆任务。如：哪些动词后面要跟动词不定式,哪些动词后面要跟doing ,哪些动词后面需要跟双宾语等等这些都需要记忆，这项记忆任务完全可以通过练习实践来掌握，不做练习，只去死记那些东西不容易掌握。 如果对汉语句子成分分析有一定的了解和掌握，有助于英语句子成分的学习，因为本来汉语句子成分分析那 一套就是从英语那里搬过来的。 五种基本句型 1，主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语） 首先我们来认识主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的。从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”：从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的，那么常坐这把“交椅”的会是什么词呢，一般是名词或代词。 系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词： 一、be动词类：am、is 、are 、was 、were 二、表示变化类：become、get 、turn 、grow 、go 三、感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel) 四、表示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、keep 表语有两个特征：一从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词，正所谓“皮之不存，毛将焉附”）。二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。 上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍，其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。 2，主（语）＋谓（语） 谓语，谓语从意义上说有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表示。一般情况下，谓语位于主语之后，从意义上理解，往往具有动作意味（谓语实际有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表）是主语发出的动作。能做谓语的在十大词类中只有一种词类：动词，也就是说只用动词具有作谓语的“专利”，所以我们往往把“谓语”和“动词”连在一起叫做“谓语动词”。虽然主语是“头把交椅”，但是谓语是一个句子中最重要的成分，一个句子可以缺少主语，但是谓语是不能少的。 为了更好地理解这个句型以及下面的三个句型，在这里我需要补充说明两点：
句子成分与五种基本句型
句子成分与五种基本句型班级：姓名： 一、句子成分 一）主语：是句子要说明的人或物，是句子的主体，一般放在。 1. The book is mine. ( ) 2. I teach you English.. （） 3. Three plus four equals seven. ( ) 4. To see is to believe. （） 5. Smoking is not allowed in public places. （） 6. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （） 二）谓语由____ _______担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语。划出以下句子的谓语： 1. We clean the classroom every day . 2. I don't like the picture on the wall. 3. You should have breakfast. 三）表语它的位置在__________之后。是用来说明主语的________,_______, ________的. 1. My father is a professor. ( ) 2. Everything here is expensive. ( ) 3. The story of my life may be of help to others.( ) 4. His plan is to seek work in the city. ( ) 5. The match became very exciting.( ) 6. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) 四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。 1. She covered her face with her hands.( ) 2. We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) 3. We need to know what others are doing. ( ) 4. We should care about our friends. ( ) 五）定语是修饰__ _. 单个词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之___ __。 1. Mary is a beautiful girl.. （） 2. China is a developing country. ( ) 3. I have nothing to eat. ( ) 4. The boy who is talking with Tom is from Beijing. ( ) 六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 1.There is a shop near the school gate. ( ) 2.I left the village five years ago. ( ) 3.I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) 4.We'll send a car to fetch you. ( ) 5.The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) 6.The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) 7.If you work hard, you will be successful. ( ) 8.Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) 七）宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾补放在后面补充说明。
句子成分及基本句型
句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语）
句子成分及基本句型学习资料
句子成分及基本句型 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring, pass, buy等。 如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。 间接宾语加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay等 （1）I give him a book. 改成： （2）He passes me the book. 改成： （3）He writes me a letter. 改成： （4）He will buy me some books. 改成：
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型 1.1 句子成分 A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C.表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有 be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I n eed. D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语（Direct Object）和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语（Object Complement）是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out.
句子的成分、结构和基本句型
句子的成分、结构和基本句型 句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。 一.英语的句子成分： （一）主语： Walls have ears. ( ) He will take you to the hospital. （） To see is to believe. （） Smoking is not allowed in public places. （）Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （） （二）谓语动词由_____________担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. （三）表语它的位置在__________之后。 My father is a professor. ( ) Who's that? It's me. ( ) Everything here is expensive. ( ) The match became very exciting.( ) The story of my life may be of help to others.( ) Three times five is fifteen. ( ) His plan is to seek work in the city. ( ) My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) （四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。 She covered her face with her hands.( ) We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) Do you mind opening the window? ( ) Give me four please. ( ) He wants to dream a nice dream. ( ) We need to know what others are doing. ( ) We should care more about our friends. ( ) （五）定语是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。 The play has three acts. ( ) This is her first trip to Europe. ( ) They are women workers. （） Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. （）Mary is a beautiful girl.. （） China is a developing country. ( ) I have nothing to eat. ( ) Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. ( ) （六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 The best fish swim near the bottom. ( ) I left the village five years ago. ( ) I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) We'll send a car to fetch you. ( ) The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) If he goes, so will I . ( ) Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) （七）宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成___________。 They elected me captain of the team. ( ) We try to make our country strong. ( ) We found everything in good order there. ( )
句子成分与基本句型
句子成分与基本句型 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east.（名词）He likes dancing.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) To see is to believe.（不定式）Seeing is believing.（动名词）What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher.（名词）She was very tired and looked it.（代词） Five and five is ten.（数词） He is asleep.（形容词）His father is in.（副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） （常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China.（名词）He hates you.（代词）How many do you need? We need two.（数词） We should help the old and the poor. (形容词) I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again.（不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 5．宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor（名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.（名） We will make them happy（形容词）We found nobody in.(副词)Please make yourself at home.（介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning.（现在分词）I’ll have my bike repaired.（过分词） 6.主补：对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend.（代词） We belong to the third world.（数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2.（现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过分） I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定语从句） 8.状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和 让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列） I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 9. 独立成分：与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系，如插入语、感叹语、呼语等，一般用逗号将它与 句子隔开。如：He’s a nice person, to be sure. 肯定他是一个好人。 Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 说也奇怪，考试他竟然通过了。