常考语法要点归纳解析

8种常考语法要点归纳

１. 比较结构

1). On average, it is said, visitors spend only____________ （一半的钱）in a day in Leeds as in London.

2)Americans eat__________（两倍）protein as they actually need every day.

3) The number of the students in this city has _____ (增加了6倍) in comparison with 2001.

(half as much money) (twice as much) (increased 6 times)

２.用于表示“与相比”的短语

1)Your losses in trade this year are nothing______________ （与我的相比）

2) Since my childhood I have found that __( 没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)

3) The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness so

such____________（而是他缺乏天分）．

(compared with mine/ in comparison with mine) (nothing is more attractive to me than reading ) (as by his lack of talent)

３.状语从句

包括：

?as though…即使…

?hardly/barely/scarcely…when …一…就…(句子前半部要倒装)

(Hardly had we sat down at the table, when the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。)

?no sooner…than…(句子前半部要倒装) 一…就…

(No sooner had we sat down at the table than the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。)

?now that…既然，由于so that 结果/以致

?in that…因为，由于

?In case that/ for fear that/ lest 以防，万一，以免

?Unless…除非…（才）until 直到…才

?Whether…or 不管是…还是…

?as long as 只要even if/though 虽然/即使

1).________________（家也许很简陋）, there’s no place like home, wherever he may go.

2)._______________（我们一到山顶）than we all sat down to rest.

3).______________(既然你很熟悉作者的想法), try reading all the sections as quickly as you possibly can.

4).Criticism and self-criticism is necessary _______________(由于他们能帮助我们找出和改正错误)

5）Give me your telephone number ________________(以备我需要你的帮助)

6）_______________（政府才能有效运行）unless it is free from such interference.

7）The substance does not dissolve in water ______________（不管是否加热）

8）_____(要不是你们的帮助）,we would not have succeeded.

(Humble as it may be) (No sooner had we reached the top of the hill) (Now that you are familiar with the author’s ideas) （in that it helps to find and correct our mistake)

（in case I need your help）. (Government cannot operate effectively)

(whether (it is) heated or not) ( If it hadn't been for your help)

４.名词性从句(主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句及同位语从句）

1) In some countries, ______________（所谓的平等）does not really mean equal rights for all people.

2) _______________________ （给我印象最深的）were her liveliness and sense of humor. 3）We couldn’t ___（就该怎么办达成一致）

4) This is ___ （鲁迅曾经住过的地方）

(what is called “equality”) (What impressed me most )

(agree on what should be done) (where Lu Xun used to live)

５. 定语从句

1) A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,________________(正如预料的那样).

2)The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things,

_____________（正如经常发生在其他国家的情形一样）

3) I’m not accustomed to such luxury, _____ (它简直是浪费钱).

( as was to be expected) (as is often the case in other countries) (which is just a waste of money )

分句关系代词只能用that，而不能用which的主要情况:

?当先行词是all, anything, everything, nothing, something, few, little, much, none, 等不定代词时

?当先行词被序数词(the first, the second) 或形容词最高级所修饰时

?当先行词被the very, the only等词修饰时．

?当先行词是人而且有only, all, any等限定词时，其后用作分句主语的关系代词通常用that (Any boy that wants to succeed must work hard.)

６.虚拟语气

１）用于以下动词之后的that–分句当中，分句动词用原型或者是should +原型(order, command, demand, insist, maintain, request, require, ask, recommend, propose, suggest, move, desire, etc)

２）以下形容词用于It is +adj. +that 结构中，从句动词用原型或者是should +原型(advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fundamental, imperative, obligatory, important, necessary, proper, urgent, vital, proper,)

3) 用在以下名词之后的that–分句当中，分句动词用原型或者是should +原型（decision, decree(法令，判决)，demand, instruction, order, requirement, resolution, a pity, a shame, no wonder that

３）用于宾语从句中wish

４）用于某些特定结构中, 如

If only；as though/if；

It is (high) time that 是时候做某事了（It’s time you went to bed.）

would rather+从句--would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，具体用法为：

A.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，如

－I’d rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。

－I’d rather you were happy. 我愿你快乐。

B.用过去完成时表过去的愿望，如

－I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。

－I’d rather you hadn’t done that. 我宁愿你没这样做。

1) The professor required that _________________（我们交研究报告）

2) It is highly desirable that a new president_________（被任命）for this college.

3)Some women ___________________(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.

4) But for his help, I _____________(我不可能这么早完成)

5)The victim _____( 本来有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time .

6) It’s time_____________________(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.

(we hand in our research reports) (be appointed) (could have made a good salary) (would not have finished so early) (would have survived) (something was done/some measures were taken )

７.倒装结构

１）表示否定或限定意义的词或短语位于句首时

a. seldom, rarely, never;

b. Hardly/Scarcely when, No sooner than;

c. 包含only的状语出现在句首;

d.当包含no的短语出现在句首, at no time, under no circumstances, in no way, on no account, on no condition, by no means, etc.

２）so, neither, nor引导的句子承前表示同类情况时

３）地点状语位于句首，动词是come, lie, stand, walk等

1) Not until the game had begun _________（他才到达）the sports around.

2) If you won’t agree to our plan,_______________(他们也不会同意).

3) He had understood nothing, _____ (也没尝试着去) understand.

4) Only after I slapped him on the back ____( 他才发现我并高兴得叫起来).

(did he arrive at) (neither will they) (nor did he try to)

(did he notice me and shouted with happiness )

８.并列成分

and, or, nor, but, not …but, both …and…,

than, not only …but (also), either …or …, neither …nor …

rather than …而不是…（instead of…）[I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than coffee.] other than…(常用于否定句) 除…以外（except）[I’ll be going away in June but other than that I’ll be here all summer. 我会在六月份外出; 除此以外，我整个夏天都在这里。] 1) In fact, Peter would rather have left for San Francisco____________ （而不愿待在纽约）

2)In no country_________ （除了在英国）, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.

3)_________________（这两本书都不认为）the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing.

(than stayed in New York.) (other than Britain)

(Neither of the two books hold)

neither of后接复数名词或代词，动词用单数和复数都可以，复数动词较正式。either or 亦同。

五．四级考试翻译题必背句型

1. All that is needed is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.

2. After being interviewed for the job, you will be required to take a language

3. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them.

4. They usually have less money at the end of the month than they have at the beginning.

5. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, which, of course, made the others jealous.

6. No matter how frequently performed, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

7. Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests.

8. The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.

9. Your hair wants cutting. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

10.Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.

11.Homework done on time will lead to better grades.

12.Had it not been for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.

13.Realizing that he hadn’t enough money and not wanting to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.

14.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are being developed and perfected now.

15.Published as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.

16.I have kept that port rait where I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.

17.Believing the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.

18.As might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.

19.After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys being encouraged to go to school.

20.You see the lightning the instant it happens, but you hear the thunder later.

21.Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.

22.If only the committee would approve the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.

23.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, of which obtaining water is not the least.

24.All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off.

25.A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, the results of which were surprising.

26.The girl’s being educated in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.

27.All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.

28.While orbiting the sun, the satellite has sent more than four billion bits of information back to earth.

29.The computer has brought about surprising technological changes in the way we organize and produce information.

30.The house was very quiet, isolated as it was on the side of a mountain.

31.I don’t mind your delaying making the decision as long as it is not too late.

32.Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it being cultivated in Cuba.

33.We agreed to accept whoever they thought was the best tourist guide.

34.Having been judged the best in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.

35.I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than share a room with someone else.

36.Whatever difficulties we may come across, we’ll help one another to overcome them.

37.Once the fourth biggest city in the United States, St. Louis has now become the 24th largest city.

38.The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass.

39.In fact，Peter would rather have left for San Francisco than stayed in New York．

40.Although a teenager，Fred could resist being told what to do and what not to do．

41.But for the help of their group, we would not have succeeded in the investigation.

42.They always give the vacant seats to whoever comes first.

43.Professor Wang, known for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his students.

44.It is high time that such practices were ended.

英语考试翻译练习题：

1: What upset me was ______________________________________.(不是他所说的话，而是他说话的方式)。

2: In the conference, the mayor _________________________(反复强调了)the importance of environmental protection.

3:He is opposed to the plan for the simple reason __________________________(这个计划目前暂不可行).

4: __________________________(还要多长时间)before you graduate from college？

5:He is such a stubborn boy that _________________________________(劝他不要沉迷于电脑游戏没有用).

1: not what he said, but the way he spoke

2: hammered in/repeatedly strengthened

3: that the program is currently/at the time being not practical/feasible 4: How long will it take

5: it’s useless to advise him not t o be addicted to computer games

1: ____________________________(不管是什么种族，宗教信仰), we are all equal.

2: John obeyed his wife ___________________________________(惟恐她发脾气).

3: It’s the fir st time she came to Beijing; __________________________(难怪她充满着好奇).

4: Many of those who violate the laws never think of themselves as lawbreakers,

_________________________________________(更不用说犯罪分子了).

5: John is not well-grounded in mathematics, but he

_______________________________________(取得了难以置信的进步).

1: Regardless of race and religious belief

2: for fear of making her angry

3: no wonder that he was filled with curiosity

4: let alone the criminals

5: has made incredible progress

1: He felt excited at __________________________(一直想他的童年) in the countryside.

2: On the whole, ______________________________(很少有人不抱怨自己的工作单调乏味的). However, they will feel more bored if they don’t work.

3: I ________________________(对他的请求不好拒绝), for whenever I asked him for help, he had always obliged.

4: The production of the auto factory is __________________________(逐步增长).

5: It is strange that _______________________________________(他昨天居然什么也没说就走了).

1: the memory of his childhood

2: few people don’t/ most peop le complain that their work is

tedious/dull/boring

3: can’t very well refuse his requests

4: on the rise gradually

5: he left unexpectedly even without telling anything

1: _________________________(我刚刚到家) than the telephone rang.

2:The old man regretted __________________________(一事无成) in his life.

3:____________________(他五十多岁), but he looks younger than his age.

4:Many big cities in the world ________________________(正面临淡水资源短缺).

5:He said nothing, leaving me _____________________ (对他的计划毫不知情).

1: I had no sooner arrived home/No sooner had I arrived home

2: that he had achieved nothing

3: He is in his fifties

4: are facing the problem of shortage of fresh water resource

5: at a loss/in the dark about his plan

1: How I even you! ___________________________________(要是我也能像你一样去一趟巴黎该多好)！

2: I’d rather read books in the library ______________________(也不愿上课).

3:Our aim is to ____________________________(全心全意为人民服务).

4:I’d like to _______________________(借此机会) to express my heartfelt thanks for your help.

5:The court ruling _________________________(剥夺了他的政治权利).

1: If only I could have the chance to visit Paris like you

2: than to have classes

3: serve the people heart and soul

4: take this chance/opportunity

5: deprived him of his political rights

1: The truck driver is __________________________________(对这起交通事故负全责).

2:In the court, the defendant ____________________________(声称自己是清白的).

3:Unemployed, John ________________________________(几乎无法维持生计).

4:________________________________(在任何情况下，中国都不首先) use nuclear weapons.

5:___________________________(要想他人尊重你),you should learn to respect them first.

1: to take/hold full responsibility for the accident

2: claimed his innocence

3: could hardly make both ends meet

4: Under no circumstance will China first

5: To get/win respect from others

模拟练习

1.（如果你设法与Smith先生取得联系）________the problem will be solved easily because he is an expert in this field.

（if you manage to get in touch with Mr Smith）

manage to do表示成功地做成某事，不成功不可以用

2.The problem lies in how people look at those students _______（专心追求知识的）.

（who are knowledge-oriented/absorbed acquiring knowledge）

sth.-oriented追求…; 定语从句

3.On Children's Day, kids ___有资格免费进入）to all the city parks.

（are entitled to free admissions）

be entitled to do sth. 对……享有权利, 值得; 有（做某事）的资格[权利]

4.The restaurant next door serves good food, but the one across the street is much better ___（就服务而言）.

（as far as the service is concerned）

so/as far as…be concerned就……而言，concerned用作形容词解作“有关的”时，是后置定语，大都放在它所修饰的名词之后。

5.___（每当天气不好时）, he takes whatever umbrella he can find.

（whenever the weather is bad）

Whenever 的使用是关键

6.Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not____________( 失去联系) the outside world.

（lose contact with）

短语lose contact with/lose touch with与……失去联系

7.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_____________( 正在研制) and perfected now.

（are being developed ）

"be being done"现在进行时的被动语态表示此时此刻某事正在被做。其中动词be应随主语作相应变化。

8.How close parents are to their children_________________ __( 有很强的影响) the character of the children.

（has a strong influence on/effect on ）

influence/effect作名词（常与on连用）对…有影响力。

influence指"通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响",如:Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine.

Effect /v/ 指"实现"、"达成",着重"造成"一种特殊的效果,如:This book effected a change in my opinion.

9.The room is in a terrible mess; it _____________________ （肯定没打扫过）.

(can‘t have been cleaned )

【超级句型】“情态动词+have done”表示推测，must/can/may/might/could各用于不同句型中，must只用于肯定句中，can/could不能用于肯定句中，may/might不能用于疑问句中。can’t表示不可能，may not表示可能不。如题中推测的为过去的事情，情态动词后则用完成形式。

10.With tears on her face, the lady _____________________ (看着他受伤的儿子被送进手术室）

(watched her injured son sent into the operation room. )

see/watch…sb./sth.+done强调某动作的全过程，且宾语和动作间是被动关系

11. After the terrorist attack, tourists ______ ( 被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）

(were advised not to travel to that country at the moment )

advise 一般用法：advise sb. to do; advise doing

注意：后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。

12.( 他把自己奉献于社区工作) ______ and is passionate about what he is doing.

(he devoted himself to the community )

be devoted to 有两个含义：A.专心致志于，献身于；B.热爱，很喜欢。作为动词的devote

常用下列成语类的搭配：devote oneself to sth. /doing sth.

devote one's life to sth. /doing sth.

13. When Sandy recovered from cancer, her doctor ______ ( 把此归因于她对未来的信念).

(attributed it to her firm belief in the future)

”attribute…to”，“把…归因于…”是大学英语四级考查率极高的一个语言点。

14:Man should not exploit the natural resources ______ ( 以牺牲其他物种为代价).

(at the cost of sacrificing/loss of other species)

at the cost of（以……为代价），其含义和用法与at the expense of相同。另at all costs意为“不惜一切代价”。

15.At the end of his speech, the school master encouraged the children to work hard ______ ( 不要让父母失望).

(and not to let their parents down )

【超级短语】let...down(使……失望)，形容词表示失望有disappointed.

16.I prefer to communicate with my customers ______( 通过写电子邮件而不是打电话）

(via E-mail instead of telephone)

Instead of 的意思是“代替……”、“而不……”，后面常跟名词、代词和动名词，偶尔也跟复合结构

17.He was disabled from birth, but he never felt frustrated, __( 也从未屈服于任何困难).

(and never yielded to any difficulties as well )

yield to屈服，让步

18.The scientist tried to convince us that a tiger would not attack us __( 除非它走途无路).

(unless its cornered )

unless除非，如果不；corner名词作“角落、绝路”，作为及物动词时表示“无路可走”19.I did not even speak to him, ____( 更不用说与他讨论事情).

(let alone discuss with him )

let alone用作连词，译为“更不用说了”

20.Professor Clark was a bit strict with us, ____( 但我们确实从他那里学到了很多).

(but we do learn a lot from him )

do放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气

15种常考语法要点归纳

15种常考语法要点归纳 １、比较结构 ?1). On average, it is said, visitors spend only____________ （一半的钱）in a day in Leeds as in London. ?2)Americans eat__________（两倍）protein as they actually need every day. ?3) The number of the students in this city has _____ (增加了6倍) in comparison with 2001. ２、用于表示“与相比”的短语 ?1) Your losses in trade this year are nothing______________ （与我的相比） ?2) Since my childhood I have found that ___________________( 没有什么比读书对我 更有吸引力) 3) The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loud ness so such____________（而是他缺乏天分）． ３、状语从句 ?1). I am going to pursue this course, ________________________________ (无论我要 做出怎样的牺牲)。 ?2)._______________（我们一到山顶）than we all sat down to rest. ?3).______________(既然你很熟悉作者的想法), try reading all the sections as quickly as you possibly can. ?4).Criticism and self-criticism is necessary _______________(由于他们能帮助我们找 出和改正错误) ?5）Give me your telephone number ________________(以备我需要你的帮助) ?6）______________(政府才能有效运行)unless it is free from such interference. ?7）The substance does not dissolve in water ______________（不管是否加热） ４、名词性从句 ?1）__________________________ (很多人所没有意识到的) is that simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular ?2)_______________________ （给我印象最深的）were her liveliness and sense of humor. ?3) ______________________ (大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children. ?4) In my sixties, one change I notice is that ________________________________ (我比 以前更容易累了)。 ５、定语从句 ?1) A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,________________(正如预料的 那样). ?2) Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems ___________________________ (他们至今还没有答案)。 ?3) The prevention and treatment of AIDS is _______________________ (我们可以合作 的领域)。 ６、虚拟语气 ?1) The professor required that _________________（我们交研究报告） ?2) It is highly desirable that a new president_________（被任命）for this college. ?3)Some women ___________________(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead

完整版专四英语语法考点教学内容

完整版专四英语语法 考点

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