句子成分及句子结构
句子结构及成分
1.及物动词和不及物动词
实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.
He opened the door.
The meeting began at six. < vi.>
We began the meeting at six. < vt.>
指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填vt.，不及物填vi.。
考点1.Most birds can fly.（）
考点2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( )
考点3.It happened yesterday.（）
考点4.My watch stopped.（）
考点5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( )
考点6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. （）
考点7.Shall I begin at once?（）
考点8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.（）（）
考点9.When did they leave Beijing?（）
考点10.They left last week. （）
2.实义动词、助动词与情态动词
实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。
实义动词
指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如：
He lives quite near. (live“住”，有明确的意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词。)
I like reading. （like “喜欢”，意思明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。）
I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “买”，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。）
助动词
助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此，助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。
帮助构成时态的：
The boy is crying.He has arrived.
I have been painting all day.
Does he like English?
He does n’t have lunch at home.
Trees are planted in spring. The house has been pulled down.
If he had come yesterday, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.
So did he love his mother that he bought her many presents on her birthday.
帮助构成强调意义的
He did come yesterday. (他昨天确实来过。did起强调作用，没有具体意义，是助动词。) 因此可以看出，常见的助动词为do, be, have，它们为基本助动词。
一个词既可以作实义动词也可以作助动词，具体是哪一种，主要看它们在句中的功能。He did his homework at seven o’clock.
Did he do his homework yesterday?
He has had breakfast.
指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词。
i.Does ( ) he like ( ) swimming?
ii.He does ( ) like ( ) swimming.
iii.Where does( ) he live ( )?
iv.He does ( ) some washing after work.
v.He has ( ) had ( ) supper already.
vi.The bridge has( ) been( ) built( ) now.
vii.I have ( ) been ( )waiting( ) for you all day.
viii.He was ( ) struck ( ) by a stone.
情态动词
情态动词同助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，要和实义动词一起作谓语。因此，情态动词也称为情态助动词。情态动词同基本助动词的区别在于，基本助动词本身无意义，而情态动词有自己的意义。如：
He can swim across the river.
You must stay at home.
I might leave tomorrow.
3.谓语和非谓语
在英语中，一个主谓结构中只能有一个谓语，再出现动词时，要变成非谓语形式，即：在前面加to构成动词不定式，或在后面加-ing构成动名词或现在分词，或在后面加-ed构成过去分词。也就是说，非谓语是指：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
先找出句中的谓语，然后改正句中的错误，并说明原因。
考点1.Get up early is good for our health.
考点2.I want go home now.
考点3.My favorite sport is play football.
考点4.There is a bird sings in the tree.
The boy sits over there likes singing.
考点5.The house was built last year has been sold out.
The girls are singing over there are my classmates.
考点6.My parents wanted him work hard.
考点7.I remember saw him that day.
8. I saw him walked into the building.
4.主动关系和被动关系
先看下面两个题：
1.______ wonderful, this kind of food enjoyed a good sale.
A. Tasted
B. Being tasted
C. Tasting
D. Having tasted
2.The food ______ delicious sells well.
A. smells
B. smelled
C. smelling
D. is smelling
主动关系：
从逻辑关系上看，相当于主动语态。如：The boy crying over there is Tom.(在那边哭的那个男孩) 从逻辑上讲，the boy…cry, 男孩哭，相当于主动语态，是主动关系。
被动关系：
从逻辑关系上看，相当于被动语态。如：The house built last year is the strongest.(去年建的那座房子) 从逻辑上讲，the house was built,房子被建，相当于被动语态，是被动关系。
5.逻辑上的主谓关系
在判断是否是宾语补足语时，一般说，“宾语和宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系”。
He asked me to lend him some money.他让我借给他一些钱。
判断下列句中画线部分是否是宾语补足语。(是的填T，不是的填F)
写作专练1.I want him to come at once. ( )
写作专练2.He lent me some money. ( )
写作专练3.He made the boy cry again. ( )
写作专练4.The teacher found him cheating in the exam. ( )
写作专练5.Don’t leave the door open at night. ( )
6.复合结构
He invited us to come to the party.
It’s important f or us to learn English well.
It’s very kind of you to help me.
Tom’s coming late made our teacher angry
7.没有人称和数的变化
先看下列三组句中have、do和be的变化形式
I have a book
He has a book.
They have a book.
I enjoy watching TV.
You enjoy watching TV.
We enjoy watching TV.
He is sleeping.
I am sleeping.
They are sleeping.
“人称的变化”是指：谓语动词用什么形式，受前面主语是第几人称的影响。主语同为单数（表示一个人），be在第一人称I后用am, 在you后用are, 在he后用is; do和have 在一、二人称后用原形，在第三人称后用为does, has。
“数”是指“单数和复数”。“数的变化”是指谓语动词用什么形式，还受前面主语是单数还是复数的影响。如果主语是复数，be要用are的形式，do和have用原形。如果主语是第三人称单数，be用is, do和have要用does和has。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化。如：
He / I / We can swim.
句子成分
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构：
1.名词
2.代词
3.数词
4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）
5.不定式
6.动名词
7.主语从句等表示。
在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。
①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.
②We often speak English in class.
③One-third of the students in this class are girls.
④To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
⑤Smoking does harm to the health.
⑥The rich should help the poor.
⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.
⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language.
⑨That he isn’t at home is not true.
改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因。
He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out.
That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill.
Beyond the mountains lie a small village.
Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot.
Play basketball is my favorite sport.
Give up English is not an option.
1.谓语
谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：
简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：
He practices running every morning.
He reads newspapers every day.
复合谓语：
由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks.
He has caught a bad cold.
My sister is crying over there.
I have been waiting for you all the time.
I would stay at home all day.
由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。如：
We are students.
Your idea sounds great.
2.表语
表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。
a)Our teacher of English is an American.
b)Is it yours?
c)The weather has turned cold.
d)The speech is exciting.
e)Three times seven is twenty one.
f)His job is to teach English.
g)His hobby（爱好）is playing football.
h)The machine must be under repairs.
i)The truth is that he has never been abroad.
3.宾语
宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和介词结构。
画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。
They planted many trees yesterday.
(How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five.
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.
I wanted to buy a car.
I enjoy listening to popular music.
I think（that）he is fit for his office.
4.宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
用下画线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。
His father named him Dongming.
They painted their boat white.
Let the fresh air in.
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.
We saw her entering the room.
We found everything in the lab in good order.
We will soon make our city what your city is now.
I want your homework done on time.
5.主补
对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
6.定语
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表
示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
在英语中，许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的，这点与汉语习惯不同，也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。
a)副词用作定语一般要后置。
People there are very friendly. (那儿的人们)
He didn’t like the man downstairs. （楼下的那个人）
b)形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
The next man is a scientist.
The man next to me is a scientist.
（我旁边的那个人）
c)介词短语作定语时要后置。
The boy under the tree is Tom.（树下的那个男孩）
The tallest boy in our class is John.（我们班最高的那个男孩）
d)现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式作定语常后置。
I have something to say. (直译：我有要说的话)
The boy crying over there is my classmate.（在那边哭的那个男孩）
The house built last year is impressive.（去年建的那座房子）
口头翻译下列句子，用下划线标出定语部分，留意定语的位置，并说明定语是由什么词性或结构充当。
①The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.
②The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother.
③We need a place twice larger than this one.
④She carried a basket full of eggs.
⑤It’s a book worth no more t han one dollar.
⑥It’s a city far from the coast.
⑦He has money enough to buy a car.
⑧The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑨There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city.
⑩Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat.
?A boy calling himself John wanted to see you.
?He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home.
?There are many clothes to be washed.
?Most of the singers invited to the party were from America.
?Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the team.
7.状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。
He writes carefully. He walks slowly.
(认真地写，慢慢地走，修饰动词用副词，作状语)
This material is environmentally friendly.
（修饰形容词用副词，作状语）
He runs very slowly.
（修饰副词slowly, 因此very是副词，作状语）
Unfortunately, he lost all of his money.
（修饰整个句子用副词，作状语）
几个并列状语的先后顺序：方式→地点→时间
一个句中有几个并列状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如：
He worked hard at his lessons last year.
I found a lost pen outside our school yesterday morning.
He was walking slowly outside the park at that moment.
频度副词often, always, usually, sometimes, never等在句中的位置
位于情态动词、系动词、助动词之后, 实义动词之前。
You can never tell what he will do.
He is often late.
He is always helping others.
He often came late.
状语按意义分类
在句子成分中，主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补语都比较好辨认，如果这几个成分都不是，那很可能就是状语了。因此，状语的种类很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。
指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。
I.How about meeting again at six?
II.Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/fa5872837.html,st night she didn’t go to the dance party because
of the rain.
IV.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
V.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.
VI.In order to catch up with the others, I must work
harder.
VII.To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very
interested in business.
VIII.T he boy needs a pen very much.
IX.The boy really needs a pen.
10. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
11. She works very hard though she is old.
12. I am taller than he is.
13. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
14. On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.
15. Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a
pen.
8.同位语
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：
We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批“学生”）It’s good to us students.
选择正确答案，并口头说出句中那个是同位语。
The young man, ______,works in the office.
A. me brother
B. my brother
C. my brothers
D. me
Our English teacher, ______, often helps us with study.
A. Mrs. Wang
B. Mrs. Wangs
C. Mrs. Wang’s.
D. of him
______, some railway workers, are busy repairing the train.
A .Them
B .They
C .He
D .Theirs
简单句的五种基本结构
用符号表示为：
①ＳＶ（主＋谓）
②ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
③ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
④ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
⑤ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）
基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）
这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。如:
It is raining now. (ＳＶ)
We’ve worked for 5 hours. (ＳＶ)
The meeting lasted half an hour. (ＳＶ)
Time flies. (ＳＶ)
分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。
1.Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )
2.Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( )
3.He is smiling all over his face. ( )
4.I did well in English. ( )
5.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( )
基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）
系动词主要是be，但还有一些动词有些时候也可作系动词，有人称之为半系动词。如何辨别系动词
①She looks beautiful. (looks变为is之后，她是美丽的，句意没有大的变化，looks是系动词。)
Look at the picture.(look不能换为be, look为实义动词。)
②He felt the book with his right hand
③The silk feels soft.
辨别下列斜体动词是系动词还是实义动词。
①The door stays open at night.
②He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious.
③The book still lies open on the desk.
④What he said proved true.
⑤He can’t proved his theory(理论).
常见的系动词
状态系动词
用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。如：
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。如：
He kept silent at the meeting. 他开会时保持沉默。
This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
The food stays fresh in the fridge.
食物在冰箱里仍然很新鲜。
The house stood empty for years.房子空了数年。
He lies awake in bed.他躺在床上，醒着。
表“像”系动词
用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。如：
Something seems wrong. 好像出差错了。
He appears young. 他看起来很年轻。
感官系动词
感官系动词主要有look“看起来”，feel“摸起来”, smell“闻起来”, sound“听起来”, taste “尝起来”。
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。
变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样。变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。
He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time.
她没多长时间就富了。
He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。
Eggs go bad easily in summer. 蛋夏天容易变坏。
His face went red.他的脸变红了。
What he had dreamt of came true.
他的梦想实现了。
Still waters run deep.静水流深。
终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意。如：
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
His plan turned out a success.
他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）
What he predicted turned out (to be) wrong.
他预言的结果是错的。
用下画线画出下列句中的系动词。
1.His advice proved right.
2.The shop stays o pen till 8 o’clock.
3.The machine went wrong.
4.All these efforts seem in vain.
5.These words sound reasonable.
6.The room soon became crowded.
7.The days are getting longer and longer.
8.He fell ill yesterday.
9.Trees turn green in spring.
10.What you said sounds great.
在一个英语单句中，一般情况要有谓语动词
要注意：介词短语和形容词不能单独作谓语，要和系动词一起作谓语。
改错：
①Our school very beautiful and we like it very much.
②Your book on the desk.
基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。如：
She likes English.
We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.
用下画线画出下列句中的宾语。
练习1.People all over the world speak English.
练习2.Jim cannot dress himself.
练习3.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
练习4.He did not know what to say.
练习5.He just wanted to stay at home.
练习6.He practices speaking English every day.
基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give“给”，pass“递”，bring“带”，show“显示”。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为：动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。
如：He gave me a cup of tea. (ＳＶｏＯ)
强调间接宾语顺序为：
动词+ 直接宾语+ 介词+ 间接宾语。如：
Show this house to Mr. Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语+ 介词+ 间接宾语。如：
Bring it to me, please. (不能说Bring me it, please.)
常跟双宾语的及物动词有：
（需借助to的）allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。
（需借助for 的）buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。一般用to多些，用for的记住常用的三个就行：get, buy, make。
He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary.
= He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me.
She bought John a book. = She bought a book for John.
分析下列句子成分，口头说出间接宾语和直接宾语。
She ordered herself a new dress.
She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
He brought you a dictionary.
He denies her nothing.
I showed him my pictures.
I gave my car a wash.
I told him that the bus was late.
He showed me how to run the machine.
基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
分析下列句子并划分成分，在后面的括号内标明是什么充当句子的宾语补足语。
1. They appointed him manager. （）
2. They painted the door green. （）
3. He pushed the door open. （）
4. They found the house deserted. （）
5. What makes him think so? （）
6. We saw him out. （）
7. He asked me to come back soon. （）
8. I saw them getting on the bus. （）
9. We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （）
10. I’ll have my bike repaired. （）
11. We elected him monitor. （）
12. Don’t keep the lights burning. （）
there be 句型
此句型是由“there + be + 主语+ 状语”构成，用以表达“存在有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be 之后，there 仅为引导词（也有看作形式主语的），并无实际意义。
be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时态和数的变化。
现在时there is / are …
过去时there was / were…
将来时there will be…/there is / are going to be...
完成时there has / have been…
可能有there might be...
肯定有there must be …/ there must have been...
过去曾经有there used to be …
似乎有there seem / seems / seemed to be …
碰巧有there happen / happens / happened to be …
可用live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等词代替be动词。
此时还表示存在有，但表意要更具体一些。如：
There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.
There came a sh out for “help”.
There exists no air on the moon.
There lies a book on the desk.
There stands a tree on the hill.
______ a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of the work.
A. It existed
B. There existed
C. They had
D. There had
______ a beautiful palace ______ the foot of the hill.
A. There stand; at
B. There stands; under
C. Stands there; under
D. There stands; at
答案：B, D
there be 与have 的区别
there be …“某地有某物，某时有某事”；have 表示“某人拥有某物”。
改错：
There has a book on the desk.
There will have a meeting this evening.
答案：①把has改为is; ②把have改为be。
提示：没有there have这种表示“有”的方法。
①简单句、并列句和复合句
句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句
只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。如：
He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
（画线部分为并列谓语，只有一个主语，仍为简单句。）
并列句
由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。要注意, 逗号是不可以连接句子的，这一点和汉语不同。如：
You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous.
前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。
The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
He not only stole my money, but he also took my watch away.
表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。
Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。
He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。
August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
复合句
复合句含有两个或两个以上主谓结构，其中一个主谓结构作另一个的成分。（而并列句的两个主谓结构间是并列关系，而不是从属关系。）
I.It is wrong. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句。）
What he said is wrong.
（what he said,是一个主谓结构，he为主语，said为谓语，what是宾语。What he said is wrong. 是另外一个主谓结构，What he said作主语，是主语从句；is wrong系表结构作谓语。因此，本句是复合句。）
II.The boy over there is my brother. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句。）
The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.
（The boy over there is my brother.只有一个主谓结构，是简单句。当over there变为who is wearing a hat时（也是一个主谓结构），整个句子就变成了复合句，who is wearing a hat 是定语从句。）
III.I was doing my homework at six. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句。）
I was doing my homework when he came in.
判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。
We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
What he said at the meeting is very impo rtant, isn’t it?
The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
Right now it is the summer vacation and I’m helping my Dad on the farm.
It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors.
We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.
Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him.引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别
说出下列复合句中，where引导的是什么从句。
You can find it where you left it.（）
Tell me the address where he lives.（）
I don’t know where he comes from.（）
Where he was born is not known yet.（）
This place is where they once lived.（）
一个句子有两个主谓结构时，要考虑它们之间的连接问题
改为并列句：我们可以使用and, so, but等并列连词来把它们连接起来。
改为复合句：加上从属连词，把其中的一个分句改为状语从句、定语从句或名词性从句。
改为简单句：把其中的一个主谓结构的谓语破坏掉，从而使其变成独立主格结构
改标点：把逗号改为分号（根据句意有时也可用冒号、破折号等）。
I like English, my English is very good. ×
I like English and my English is very good. √（并列句）
As I like English, my English is very good. √（含有原因状语从句的复合句）
I like English; my English is good. √（用分号）
I liking English, my English is very good. √ (把一个分句改为独立主格结构)
I have a house, its windows are very big. ×
I have a house and its windows are very big. √ (并列句)
I have a house, whose windows are very big. √ (含有定语从句的复合句)
I have a house; it s windows are big. √ (用分号)
I have a house, its windows very big. √ (后面为独立主格结构)
句子结构与成分易错大盘点
外研版英语句子结构与成分易错大盘点 一、句子结构与成分 1．You may know all the words on the right, but which of the following carries meaning? A. A friend self is a second. B. A second is self a friend. C. A friend is a second self. D. Self a second is a friend. 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：你可能知道右面所有的单词，但是下列哪个句子是有意义的？second，第二个；friend，朋友；self，你自己；a，不定冠词表示数量一；C为正确选项，意为：朋友是另一个自己。故选C。 【点评】考查连词成句。先确定句意，根据语法知识将词连接成句。 2．Which of the following sentences is correct? A. He came in and sat down. B. We all like
句子成分与结构
句子成分与结构 一、主语 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 二、谓语 1、简单谓语 He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 2、复合谓语 （1）You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）Do you speak English？ They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. （3）We are students. 三、表语 1.His job is to teach English. 2.His hobby is playing football. 3. The speech is exciting. 4. The truth is that he has never been abroad. 四、宾语 1.He is doing his homework. 2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5.He pretended not to see me. 6.I enjoy listening to popular music. 7.I think（that）he is fit for his office. 五、宾补 1.His father named him Xiaoming. 2.They painted their boat white. 3.Let the fresh air in. 4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. 5.We saw her entering the room. 6.We found everything in the lab in good order. 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. 六、定语 1.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
句子成分分析
句子成分分析 （一）知识要点 1什么是句子 句子是由词或词组构成的，是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。我们今天要研究的是单句，要给它划分成分。 2.句子成分的名称及符号 名称：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 符号：主语= 谓语—宾 语? 定语（）状语[ ] 补语< > ①句子的基本成分是：主语、谓语、宾语。 补充成分是：定语、状语、补语。 ②主语部分和谓语部分之间可用II划开。 3.（1）划分句子成分，首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。 主语：是谓语陈述的对象，指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事 物”。 谓语：是陈述主语，说明主语的，说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。 宾语：在动词后面，表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物，回答“谁”或“什么” 一类问题。 句子一般有两种情况：写人、写物（写事、写物）。分析句子时，首先判断是人”还是“写物”。 ①.写人格式：“谁”+ “干什 么” （主语） （谓 语） （宾语） 例：杨亚II写字 主谓宾 注意：处理复杂的单句时，要抓主干。 例：一中的杨亚丨在课桌上写着毛笔 字。 主谓宾②.写物 格式：“什么事”或“什么物” + “怎么样”
（主语）（谓语、宾语） 例：猫II捉鱼 主谓宾 例：一只小猫II在盆边捉了一条大鱼 主谓宾 注意：“是”为典型的动词，一般是“谓语”。 例如：他II是学生 主谓宾 （2）.划分句子成分，还要抓住枝干（定语、状语、补语）定语：在句子中起着修饰、限制主语或宾语中心语的作用。 状语：修饰、限制谓语中心语，一般在谓语中心语前面，有的在句子最前面，交待时间、地点、范围、情况等。 补语：对谓语中心语起补充说明作用，一般放在谓语中心语之后。 例：画眉唱歌 这是一个把主语中心语、谓语中心语、宾语中心语单提出的句子。原句是“两只美丽的画眉高兴地唱一首歌。” ①?（两只美丽的）画眉 “两只美丽”是“画眉”--主语中心语的修饰部分，叫“定语”。 ②.［高兴］地唱 谓语中心语“唱”前边的修饰、限制成分--“高兴”为“状语”。 ③.（一首）歌 宾语中心语“歌”前的修饰、限制部分--“一首”为“定语”。 ④?歌唱得v好〉 修饰、限制谓语中心语“唱”，并放在它后面的部分--“好”为“补语”。 4?划分句子的口诀： （1）句子成分要划对，（2）纵观全局找主 谓。（3）主前定状谓后补，（4）谓前只有状地位。（5）“的”定“地”状“得”后补，（6）宾语只受谓支配。 示例及练习部分 划分句子成分练习 1、鲁班是我国古代春秋时期一位著名的建筑工匠。 答案：（鲁班）主语（是）谓语（我国古代春秋时期一位著名的建筑）定语（工匠）宾语。
(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解： （一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
初中语文句子成分分析三图教你看懂句子结构
初中语文句子成分分析，三图教你看懂句子结构 从句法结构的关系意义出发，对句子作成分功能或作用分析的方法叫句子成分分析法，即用各种方法标出基本成分（主语、谓语、宾语）和次要成分（状语、补语）。 句子成分有六种——主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 汉语句子成分口诀： 主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。 定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。 状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。 图解三大类句子 1、常用语句 2、兼语语句 （前谓语为使令性动词） 3、主观语句 （谓语为感官心理方面的动词） 注明 主干成份——主语、谓语、宾语； 附加成份——定语、状语、补语。
主语“”标注，谓语“__”标注，宾语“波浪线”标注；定语“（）”标注，状语“【】”标注，补语“< >”标注。 下面我们进行一一分析： 一、主语 多表示人或事物，是句子里被陈述的对象，在句首能回答“谁”或者“什么”等问题。可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。例如：（1）今天晚上‖特别冷。 主语（偏正短语）谓语 （2） [明天这个时候]，我们‖就可以走出戈壁滩了。 状语（时间）主语（代词）谓语 以动作、性状或事情做陈述的对象的主语句。例如： （1）笑‖是具有多重意义的语言。 主语（动词）谓语 （2）公正廉洁‖是公职人员行为的准则。 主语（形容词联合短语）谓语 二、谓语
是用来陈述主语的，能回答主语“怎么样”或“是什么”等问题。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。 （1）动词性词语经常做谓语。例如： 他‖[只]答应了<一声>。 主语谓语（状语+动词+补语） 南海一中‖留下<过>(许多人)的梦。 主语谓语（动词+补语+定语+宾语） 我‖[最近]去<了><一趟>北京。 主语谓语（状+动+补+宾） （2）形容词性词语也经常做谓语。例如：太阳‖热烘烘的。 主语谓语（形容词+的） 人参这种植物,‖娇嫩<极了>。 主语谓语（形容词+补语） 说话‖[要]简洁<些>。 主语谓语（状语+形容词+补语） （3）主谓短语做谓语。例如： 这件事‖大家都赞成。
句子成分和句子结构讲解有答案精品
【关键字】英语、情况、条件、会议、计划、主动、继续、健康、持续、保持、需要、方式、作用、结构、分析、衔接、引导、关心、主动性 句子成分 一．主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 1.请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么（词，短语或句子）可以充当主语。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 常见错误分析 2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的动作。 改错：1.play computer games does no good to us. 2.Have a walk in the street is her hobby. 3.Go home at once is his decision 4.Make more friends will do good to us. 5.I’m like computer very much. 6.The story was happening the year before last. 二．宾语： 1．动作的承受者-----动宾 请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2．介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake/me/fighting? 3．双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. 常见错误分析 1：介词后跟宾语时，必须为：名词、代词、ing 或wh型的连接词引导的从句。 改错：①I am fond of play basketball. ②He’s cra zy about read story books. ③I am sorry for late. ④I felt terribly sad for absent from class. 2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语或宾语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的
句子结构和成分分析
句子结构及成分 ①相关概念 1.词性的英文缩写 在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。 缩写字母原词代表词性 n. noun 名词 v. verb 动词 vt.transitive verb 及物动词 vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词 aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词 adj.adjective 形容词 adv.adverb 副词 num. numeral 数词 interj. interjection 感叹词 pron. pronoun 代词 prep.preposition 介词 art. article 冠词 conj conjunction 连词 2.及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。 实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。 The door opened. (open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。) He opened the door. (open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。) 注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。 有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。如： The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> 有(答疑qq 329950885)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。如： The man walked away. (walk不及物动词，意为“走”) He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词，“遛”) She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词，“洗”) The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词，“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。He listens to the music every day. (listen为不及物动词，而汉语中“听”是及物动词。) 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填vt.，不及物填vi.。 考点1.Most birds can fly.（） 考点2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( ) 考点3.It happened yesterday.（） 考点4.My watch stopped.（） 考点5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( ) 考点6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. （）考点7.Shall I begin at once?（） 考点8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.（）（） 考点9.When did they leave Beijing?（） 考点10.They left last week. （） 3.实义动词、助动词与情态动词 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。 实义动词 指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。 如： He lives quite near. (live“住”，有明确的意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词。) I like reading. （like “喜欢”，意思明确，单独作谓 语，为实义动词。） I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “买”，意义明确， 单独作谓语，为实义动词。） 助动词 助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此，助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。 帮助构成时态的： The boy is crying.(is 用来帮助构成现在进行时，和crying一起作谓语，是助动词。) He has arrived. (has用来帮助构成现在完成时，和arrived一起作谓语，是助动词。) I have been painting all day. （have been用来帮助构成
(完整word版)句子成分及句子结构
句子结构及成分 1.及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。 The door opened. He opened the door. The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填vt.，不及物填vi.。 考点1.Most birds can fly.（） 考点2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( ) 考点3.It happened yesterday.（） 考点4.My watch stopped.（） 考点5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( ) 考点6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. （） 考点7.Shall I begin at once?（） 考点8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.（）（） 考点9.When did they leave Beijing?（） 考点10.They left last week. （） 2.实义动词、助动词与情态动词 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。 实义动词 指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如： He lives quite near. (live“住”，有明确的意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词。) I like reading. （like “喜欢”，意思明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。） I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “买”，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。） 助动词 助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此，助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。 帮助构成时态的： The boy is crying.He has arrived. I have been painting all day. Does he like English?
句子结构及成分
基础知识 目录 1.词性的英文缩写 2.及物动词和不及物动词 3. 实义动词、助动词、情态动词和连系动词 4. 句子成分 5. 简单句的五种基本结构 6. 谓语和非谓语 7. 主动关系和被动关系 8. 逻辑上的主谓关系 9. 复合结构 10.简单句、并列句和复合句 1.词性的英文缩写 在英语学习中掌握单词词性非常重要。如果记单词时只记拼写、读音而不记词性，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。 缩写字母原词代表词性 n. noun 名词 v. verb 动词 vt.transitive verb 及物动词 vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词 modal v. modal verb 情态动词 aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词 adj.adjective 形容词 adv.adverb 副词 num. numeral 数词 interj. interjection 感叹词 pron. pronoun 代词 prep.preposition 介词 art. article 冠词 conj conjunction 连词 2.及物动词和不及物动词 (1)实义动词后跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，这个动词是不及物动词。The door opened. (open后面没跟宾语，open是vi)
He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, open是vt) 注：动词是及物还是不，关键看它在句中时后面是否跟宾语。 (2)有些动词既可作vt又可作vi，词义相同。 The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> (3)有些动词既可作vt又可作vi，但词义不同。 The man walked away. (walk vi，意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk vt，“遛”) She washes clothes at home. (wash vt，“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash vi，“耐洗”) (4)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。 He listens to the music every day. (listen为vi，汉语中“听”是vt。) 3.实义动词、助动词、情态动词和连系动词 (1)实义动词也叫行为动词。 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。指意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。 He lives quite near. (live“住”，有明确意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词。) I like reading. （like “喜欢”，意思明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。） I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “买”，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。） (2)助动词常见助动词为do, be, have，它们为基本助动词。 助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。是帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强 调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。 A.帮助构成时态 The boy is crying.(is帮助构成现在进行时，和crying一起作谓语，是助动词。) He has arrived. (has帮助构成现在完成时，和arrived一起作谓语，是助动词。) I have been painting all day.（have been帮助构成现在完成进行时，和painting一起作谓语，都是助动词。）B.帮助构成否定句和疑问句 Does he like English? (does帮助构成一般疑问句，没有具体意义，是助动词。) He does n’t have lunch at home. (does只是帮助构成否定句，没有具体意义，是助动词。) C.帮助构成被动语态 Trees are planted in spring. (are帮助构成被动语态，没有具体意义，是助动词。) The house has been pulled down. (has been帮助构成时态和语态，是助动词。) D.帮助构成虚拟语气 If he had come yesterday, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.(had, have帮助构成虚拟语气，是助动词， 属于谓语的一部分) E.帮助构成倒装句
英语句子成分、句子结构讲解及练习
主语（subject ）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It 形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 谓语（predicate ）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语（predicative ）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don ’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I ’m poor, I can ’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） （常见的系动词有: be, sound （听起来）, look （看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell （闻起来）, taste （尝、吃起来）, remain （保持，仍是）, feel （感觉） ... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语： 1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said （宾语从句） 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn ’t come here. （名） We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. （介词短语） Don ’t let him do that. （省to 不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to 不定式） Don ’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I ’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词） 主补：对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词） We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词） The trees planted last year are growing well now.过分 I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） You should do everything that I do.（定语从句）
句子成分和句子结构
句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语.谓语.表语.宾语.宾语补足语.定语.状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语.宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词.代词.数词.不定式等充当。 He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。 一般可分为两类： 1)简单谓语: 由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 We study for the people.我们为人民学习。 My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。 2)复合谓语：情态动词＋动词 I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。 3、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。 We like English.我们喜欢英语。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如： We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。 4、表语 表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词（be, become, appear, seem 等）之后。 Africa is a big continent.非洲是个大洲。 I feel much better today.我今天感觉好多了。 5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。 He is a new student.他是个新生。 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room is mine.房间里的自行车是我的。 6、状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past．我父母经常给我们讲他们过去的苦难
句子成分分析(学生版)
——句子成分的分析 the book on the desk (课桌上的那本书) 介词短语在这里是作定语修饰book，课桌上（on the desk）上的那本书，不是房间里的、凳子上的等等. 那么经常作定语的有哪些呢主要有：形容词、介词短语、冠词、代词（比如：his book 中his 是来作定语来修饰book的）数词。其中，形容词、介词短语作定语最常见，而且要注意其位置，形容词作定语一般在修饰词之前（前置定语），介词短语一般在修饰词之后（后置定语），你可以参见上面的例句。 现在来试试身手，请找出下面各句中所有的定语，并指出是由什么充当的定语。 1、The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。 2、Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 3、 His boy needs Tom's pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 4、There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。 5、The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 6、The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 7、There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。 到此为止，我们把绝大部分句子成分已经侃完（只剩下一个句子成分-----同位语，没介绍，感兴趣的同学可查阅有关资料），下面我们主要侃一侃在句子分析实践过程中我们可能常遇到的疑难问题。 1）是状语还是定语区别是定语还是状语关键是看修饰什么词的，一般来讲，定语是来修饰名词或代词的，状语是来修饰谓语动词的。例如； I like the book on the desk . 你说这里的划线部分on the desk 是作定语的还是作状语的呢显然，是作定语的，因为如果是作状语的，那么就是来修饰动词like的，他在课桌上喜欢那本书，显然讲不通。也就是说到底是定语还是状语一是根据它修饰的词二是根据句子意思看能否讲的通。
句子结构与成分过关测试
句子结构与成分过关测试 一、句子结构与成分 1．The sentence structure of "They talked for an hour." is " ". A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+A 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：句子"They talked for an hour."的结构是什么？A.主语+谓语+宾语； B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语； C.主语+谓语+状语。they是主语；talked是谓语；for an hour是状语，故选C。 【点评】考查句子结构，注意平时识记其分类。 2．—What an interesting story she told us! —Yes, and her voice sounded ________. A. sweet B. small C. clearly D. sadly 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！——是的，她的声音听起来很甜美。sweet甜的；small小的；clearly清楚地；sadly伤心地。sound是系动词，后跟形容词，故选A。 【点评】考查系表结构。 3．John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。故答案为D。 【点评】考查句子成分。牢记句子成分。 4．Choose the correct structure（结构） of this sentence "He lent me a book." A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。he为主语S；lent为谓语V；me为间接宾语IO; a book为直宾DO。故结构为S+V+IO+DO。故选B。 【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。 5．Dora's dream is ________ an English teacher when she grows up. A. for being B. to being C. to be D. be 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：Dora的梦想是当她长大时成为一名英语老师。to do不定式做表
句子成分及句子结构
基本句型： 所谓基本句型就是句子结构的基本“格局”，也就是千变万化的句子结构的雏形。正是这种有限的分句结构雏形及其转化形式，能够衍生出无限的实际使用中的句子。现代英语的基本句型有五种：1．主—动—补(SVC)结构：在SVC结构中，谓语动词通常是连系动词(linking verb)be的各种形式。 S: subject 主语V: verb 谓语动词C: complement 补语 例句： That car is mine. She is in good health. My brother has become an engineer(工程师). These flowers smell (are) fragrant(芳香的). All the tourists (游客) seemed pleased. 2. 主—动(SV)结构：在SV结构中，谓语动词通常是不及物动词(intransitive verb)。 例句： Iron rusts (生锈).You suck! Everything sucks! Everybody laughed. The guests have arrived. Prices (价格) are going down. The children are sleeping.
3. 主—动—宾(SVO)结构 O: object 宾语 在SVO结构中，谓语动词通常是及物动词(transitive verb)，随后必须跟宾语，带一个宾语的及物动词又叫做“单宾语及物动词”。 例句： I want a return ticket (返程票). Liverpool(利物浦队) 【S】won 【V】the game【O】. Nobody could answer the question. The train is building up speed (加速). The plane (飞机) is losing altitude (降低高度). 4．主—动—宾—宾(SVoO)结构deny sb sth. 在SVoO结构中，及物动词之后必须跟两个宾语（间接宾语和直接宾语），这种动词又叫做“双宾语及物动词”。 o: 间接宾语（一般指人）O：直接宾语（一般指物）例句： I gave you a book. (I gave a book to you) I sent him a telegram (电报). (I sent a telegram to him) Mary lent (出借) me her car. (Mary lent her car to me) David showed (展示，出示，指出) me the way. (David showed the way to/for me.) Someone left you this note (字条，便条). (Someone left this note to you.) I made myself a cup of tea. (I made a cup of tea for myself)