材料英语词汇
材料英语词汇
专业词汇列表
晶体结构（structure of crystal）原子质量单位Atomic mass unit (amu)
原子量Atomic weight键能Bonding energy
共价键Covalent bond电子构型electronic configuration
正电的Electropositive氢键Hydrogen bond
同位素Isotope摩尔Mole
泡利不相容原理Pauli exclusion principle原子atom
分子量molecule weight量子数quantum number
范德华键van der waals bond点群point group
各向异性anisotropy
体心立方结构body-centered cubic (BCC)布拉格定律bragg’s law晶体结构crystal structure
晶体的crystalline中子衍射neutron diffraction晶界grain boundary
鲍林规则Pauling’s rulesCsCl型结构Caesium Chloride structure
纤锌矿型结构Wurtzite structure萤石型结构Fluorite structure
尖晶石型结构Spinel-type structure岛状结构Island structure层状结构Layer structure
滑石talc高岭石kaolinite长石feldspar各向同性的isotropic晶格lattice
密勒指数miller indices多晶的polycrystalline 原子数Atomic number
波尔原子模型Bohr atomic model库仑力Coulombic force分子的构型molecular configuration负电的Electronegative基态Ground state离子键Ionic bond金属键Metallic bond
分子Molecule元素周期表Periodic table极性分子Polar molecule
价电子valence electron电子轨道electron orbitals对称要素symmetry elements
原子堆积因数atomic packing factor(APF)面心立方结构face-centered cubic (FCC)
配位数coordination number晶系crystal system衍射diffraction
电子衍射electron diffraction六方密堆积hexagonal close-packed (HCP)
NaCl型结构NaCl－type structure闪锌矿型结构Blende-type structure
金红石型结构Rutile structure钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-type structure
硅酸盐结构Structure of silicates链状结构Chain structure
架状结构Framework structure叶蜡石pyrophyllite
石英quartz美橄榄石forsterite各向异性的anisotropy
晶格参数lattice parameters非结晶的noncrystalline多晶形polymorphism
单晶single crystal电位electron states电子electrons金属键metallic bonding
极性分子polar molecules衍射角diffraction angle粒度,晶粒大小grain size
显微照相photomicrograph透射电子显微镜transmission electron microscope (TEM)
四方的tetragonal配位数coordination number 晶胞unit cell(化合)价valence
共价键covalent bonding离子键Ionic bonding 原子面密度atomic planar density
合金alloy显微结构microstructure扫描电子显微镜scanning electron microscope (SEM)
重量百分数weight percent单斜的monoclinic 晶体结构缺陷(defect of crystal structure)
缺陷defect, imperfection线缺陷line defect, dislocation体缺陷volume defect
位错线dislocation line螺位错screw dislocation晶界grain boundaries
小角度晶界tilt boundary,位错阵列dislocation array位错轴dislocation axis
位错爬移dislocation climb位错滑移dislocation slip位错裂纹dislocation crack
位错密度dislocation density间隙原子interstitial atom间隙位置interstitial sites
弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkel disorder主晶相the host lattice缔合中心Associated Centers.
电子空穴Electron Holes克罗各-明克符号Kroger Vink notation
固溶体solid solution化合物compound
置换固溶体substitutional solid solution不混溶固溶体immiscible solid solution
有序固溶体ordered solid solution固溶强化solid solution strengthening
点缺陷point defect面缺陷interface defect位错排列dislocation arrangement
刃位错edge dislocation混合位错mixed dislocation大角度晶界high-angle grain boundaries
孪晶界twin boundaries位错气团dislocation atmosphere位错胞dislocation cell
位错聚结dislocation coalescence位错核心能量dislocation core energy
位错阻尼dislocation damping原子错位substitution of a wrong atom
晶格空位vacant lattice sites杂质impurities肖脱基缺陷Schottky disorder
错位原子misplaced atoms自由电子Free Electrons
伯格斯矢量Burgers中性原子neutral atom
固溶度solid solubility间隙固溶体interstitial solid solution
金属间化合物intermetallics转熔型固溶体peritectic solid solution
无序固溶体disordered solid solution取代型固溶体Substitutional solid solutions
过饱和固溶体supersaturated solid solution非化学计量化合物Nonstoichiometric compound
表面结构与性质(structure and property of surface)表面surface
同相界面homophase boundary
晶界grain boundary
小角度晶界low angle grain boundary
共格孪晶界coherent twin boundary 错配度mismatch
重构reconstuction
表面能surface energy
扭转晶界twist grain boundary
共格界面coherent boundary
非共格界面noncoherent boundary 应变能strain energy
惯习面habit plane
界面interface
异相界面heterophase boundary
表面能surface energy
大角度晶界high angle grain boundary
晶界迁移grain boundary migration
驰豫relaxation
表面吸附surface adsorption
倾转晶界titlt grain boundary
倒易密度reciprocal density
半共格界面semi-coherent boundary
界面能interfacial free energy
晶体学取向关系crystallographic orientation
非晶态结构与性质(structure and property of
uncrystalline)
熔体结构structure of melt
玻璃态vitreous state
粘度viscosity
介稳态过渡相metastable phase
淬火quenching
玻璃分相phase separation in glasses 过冷液体supercooling melt
软化温度softening temperature
表面张力Surface tension
组织constitution
退火的softened
体积收缩volume shrinkage
扩散(diffusion)
活化能activation energy
浓度梯度concentration gradient 菲克第二定律Fick’s second law 稳态扩散steady state diffusion
扩散系数diffusion coefficient
填隙机制interstitalcy mechanism 短路扩散short-circuit diffusion 下坡扩散Downhill diffusion
扩散通量diffusion flux
菲克第一定律Fick’s first law
相关因子correlation factor
非稳态扩散nonsteady-state diffusion 跳动几率jump frequency
晶界扩散grain boundary diffusion 上坡扩散uphill diffusion
互扩散系数Mutual diffusion
渗碳剂carburizing
浓度分布曲线concentration profile 驱动力driving force
自扩散self-diffusion
空位扩散vacancy diffusion
扩散方程diffusion equation
扩散特性diffusion property
达肯方程Dark equation
本征热缺陷Intrinsic thermal defect 离子电导率Ion-conductivity
浓度梯度concentration gradient
扩散流量diffusion flux
间隙扩散interstitial diffusion
表面扩散surface diffusion
扩散偶diffusion couple
扩散机理diffusion mechanism
无规行走Random walk
柯肯达尔效应Kirkendall equation
本征扩散系数Intrinsic diffusion coefficient 空位机制Vacancy concentration
腐蚀与氧化（corroding and oxidation）
氧化反应Oxidation reaction
还原反应Reduction reaction
价电子Valence electron
腐蚀介质Corroding solution
电动势Electric potential
推动力The driving force
腐蚀系统Corroding system
腐蚀速度Corrosion penetration rate 电流密度Current density
电化学反应Electrochemical reaction 极化作用Polarization
过电位The over voltage
浓差极化Concentration polarization 电化学极化Activation polarization 极化曲线Polarization curve
缓蚀剂Inhibitor
原电池galvanic cell
电偶腐蚀galvanic corrosion 电位序galvanic series
应力腐蚀Stress corrosion
冲蚀Erosion-corrosion
腐蚀短裂Corrosion cracking 防腐剂Corrosion remover
腐蚀电极Corrosion target
隙间腐蚀Crevice corrosion 均匀腐蚀Uniform attack
晶间腐蚀Intergranular corrosion
焊缝破坏Weld decay
选择性析出Selective leaching
氢脆损坏Hydrogen embitterment
阴极保护Catholic protection
穿晶断裂Intergranular fracture
固相反应和烧结(solid state reaction and sintering)
固相反应solid state reaction
烧成fire
再结晶Recrystallization
成核nucleation
子晶，雏晶matted crystal
异质核化heterogeneous nucleation
铁碳合金iron-carbon alloy
铁素体ferrite
共晶反应eutectic reaction
烧结sintering
合金alloy
二次再结晶Secondary recrystallization
结晶crystallization
耔晶取向seed orientation
均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment