Service Innovation and Smart Analytics for Industry 4.0 and Big Data Environment

P rocedia CIRP 16 ( 2014 )3– 8

Available online at https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e39719764.html,

2212-8271 ? 2014 Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

(https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e39719764.html,/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).

Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the International Scientific Committee of “The 6th CIRP Conference on Industrial Product-Service Systems” in the person of the Conference Chair Professor Hoda ElMaraghy”doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2014.02.001

ScienceDirect

Product Services Systems and Value Creation. Proceedings of the 6th CIRP Conference on Industrial

Product-Service Systems

Service innovation and smart analytics for Industry 4.0 and big data

environment

Jay Lee *, Hung-An Kao, Shanhu Yang

NSF I/UCRC Center for Intelligent Maintenance Systems (IMS), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0072, USA

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-513-556-3412; fax: +1-513-556-4647. E-mail address: jay.lee@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e39719764.html,

Abstract

Today, in an Industry 4.0 factory, machines are connected as a collaborative community. Such evolution requires the utilization of advance-prediction tools, so that data can be systematically processed into information to explain uncertainties, and thereby make more “informed” decisions. Cyber-Physical System-based manufacturing and service innovations are two inevitable trends and challenges for manufacturing industries. This paper addresses the trends of manufacturing service transformation in big data environment, as well as the readiness of smart predictive informatics tools to manage big data, thereby achieving transparency and productivity. ? 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the International Scientific Committee of “The 6th CIRP Conference on Industrial Product-Service Systems” in the person of the Conference Chair Professor Hoda ElMaraghy. Keywords: Manufacturing servitization; predictive maintenance; industrial big data

1. Introduction

In today’s competitive business environment, companies are facing challenges in dealing with big data issues of rapid decision-making for improved productivity. Many manufacturing systems are not ready to manage big data due to the lack of smart analytic tools. G ermany is leading a transformation toward 4th G eneration Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) based on Cyber-Physical System-enabled manufacturing and service innovation. As more software and

embedded intelligence are integrated in industrial products and systems, predictive technologies can further intertwine

intelligent algorithms with electronics and tether-free

intelligence. These technologies will then be used to predict

product performance degradation, and autonomously manage

and optimize product service needs.

Nowadays, smart factories focus mostly on control-centric

optimization and intelligence. Moreover, greater intelligence

can be achieved by interacting with different surrounding systems that have a direct impact to machine performance.

Achieving such seamless interaction with surrounding systems

turns regular machines into self-aware and self-learning machines, and consequently improves overall performance

and maintenance management. Although the autonomous

computing methodology has been implemented successfully in computer science, self-learning machines are still far from implementation in current industries. Transformation from today’s status into more intelligent machines requires further advancement in the science by tackling several fundamental issues. These issues can be divided into five distinct categories as follows: ? Manager and Operator Interaction: Currently, operators

control machines, managers design logistic schedules and machines are only performing the assigned tasks. Although these tasks are usually optimized by expert operators and managers, a significantly important factor is missing in these decisions: the health condition of the machine components. ? Machine Fleet: It is very common that similar or identical

machines (machine fleet) are being exposed to completely different working conditions for different tasks. In contrast, most predictive and prognostic methods are designed to ? 2014 Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

(https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e39719764.html,/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).

Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the International Scienti? c Committee of “The 6th CIRP Conference on Industrial

Product-Service Systems” in the person of the Conference Chair Professor Hoda ElMaraghy”

4 J ay Lee et al. / P rocedia CIRP 16 ( 2014 ) 3 – 8

support a single or limited number of machines and

working conditions. Currently, available prognostic and health management methods are not taking advantage of considering these identical machines as a fleet by gathering worthwhile knowledge from different instances.

? Product and Process Quality: As the final outcome of the manufacturing process, product quality can provide much insight on machine condition via backward reasoning algorithms. Product quality can provide feedback for system management, which can be used to improve production scheduling. Currently, such feedback loop does

not exist and needs further research.

? Big Data and Cloud: Data management and distribution in

Big Data environment is critical for achieving self-aware

and self-learning machines. The importance of leveraging additional flexibility and capabilities offered by cloud computing is inevitable, but adapting prognostics and health management algorithms to efficiently implement current data management technologies requires further research and development.

? Sensor and Controller Network: Sensors are the machine’s

gateway to sense its surrounding physical environment. However, sensor failure and degradation may pass wrong and inaccurate readings to decision-making algorithms,

which will result in an incorrect outcome.

With these issues in mind, the objective of the paper is to review how current manufacturing industries evolve for the upcoming industrial big data environment, and propose the key technology for sustainable innovative service. The paper is organized as follows: Section 2 focuses on trends of service

innovation in manufacturing industries and unmet needs of an

Industry 4.0 factory; Section 3 describes the proposed self-aware and self-maintenance machine systems based on industrial big data analysis; Section 4 presents two case studies that have been conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework; and Section 5 concludes the paper with some perspectives.

2. Trends and unmet needs for Industry 4.0 era

The discovery of new technologies has escorted industry

development from the early adoption of mechanical systems,

to support production processes, to today’s highly automated assembly lines, in order to be responsive and adaptive to current dynamic market requirements and demands. Under the Industry 4.0 concept, astounding growth in the advancement and adoption of information technology and social media networks has increasingly influenced consumers’ perception on product innovation, quality, variety and speed of delivery. This requires establishing the factory with capabilities of self-awareness, self--prediction, self--comparison,

self-reconfiguration, and self--maintenance. Accompanied with this new technology, two types of innovative development are receiving more attention by academia and

industries: service innovation and industrial big data. In this section, previous research on these two topics will be reviewed and discussed.

2.1. Manufacturing servitization and innovation

Many advanced countries whose economic base is the

manufacturing industry have made efforts to transform their economy and reinvigorate the industry. They suffer threats from emerging markets and the global manufacturing supply chain. Therefore, manufacturing firms not only seek manufacturing technique innovation, but are also beginning to

focus on induction and impetus of service. This way, the fuzzy boundary of the manufacturing industry and service industry drive will stimulate the development of manufacturing servitization. Servitization was proposed by Vandermerve and Rada in 1988 [1]. They emphasized the concept of customer focus; combining products, services, support, and knowledge are the most important elements. Furthermore, the authors also asserted that not only service industries, but also manufacturing industries should focus on innovative value-added service development in order to quickly enhance their core competencies. Baines defined manufacturing servitization as innovation of organizational capabilities and processes, from product sales to integrated product services [2].

Servitization is defined as the strategic innovation of an organization’s capabilities and processes to shift from selling products, to selling an integrated product and service offering that delivers value in use, i.e. a Product-Service System [3]. The concept of a Product Service-System (PSS) is a special case of servitization. Mont defines PSS as a system of products, services, supporting networks, and infrastructure

that is designed to be competitive, satisfy customers' needs, and have a lower environmental impact than traditional business models [4]. In the PSS business model, industries develop products with value-added services, instead of a

single product itself, and provide their customers with services that are needed. In this relationship, the market goal of manufacturers is not one-time product selling, but

continuous profit from customers by total service solution, which can satisfy unmet customers’ needs.

2.2. Industrial big data environment

Recently, big data becomes a buzzword on everyone’s tongue. It has been in data mining since human-generated content has been a boost to the social network. It has also been called the web 2.0 era since late 2004 [5]. Lots of research organizations and companies have devoted themselves to this new research topic, and most of them focus on social or commercial mining. This includes sales prediction, user relationship mining and clustering, recommendation systems,

opinion mining, etc. [6-10]. However, this research focuses on ‘human-generated or human-related data’ instead of ‘machine-generated data or industrial data’, which may include machine controllers, sensors, manufacturing systems, etc.

Under the above-mentioned Industry 4.0 era, intelligent analytics and cyber-physical systems are teaming together to

5

J ay Lee et al. / P rocedia CIRP 16 ( 2014 ) 3 – 8

realize a new thinking of production management and factory

transformation. Using appropriate sensor installations, various signals such as vibration, pressure, etc. can be extracted. In addition, historical data can be harvested for further data mining. Communication protocols, such as MTConnect [11] and OPC, can help users record controller signals. When all of the data is aggregated, this amalgamation is called “Big Data”. The transforming agent consists of several components: an integrated platform, predictive analytics, and visualization tools. The deployment platform is chosen based on: speed of computation, investment cost, ease of deployment and update, etc. [12]. The actual processing of big data into useful information is then the key of sustainable innovation within an Industry 4.0 factory.

3. Self-aware and self-maintenance machines for industrial big data environment

The recent developments of an Internet of Things (IOT) framework and the emergence of sensing technology have created a unified information grid that tightly connects systems and humans together, which further populates a big data environment in the industry. With more advanced analytics, the advent of cloud computing and a Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) framework, future industry will be able to achieve a fleet-wide information system that helps machines to be self-aware and actively prevents potential performance issues. A self-aware and self-maintained machine system is defined as a system that can self-assess its own health and degradation, and further use similar information from other peers for smart maintenance decisions to avoid potential issues. Smart analytics for achieving such intelligence will be used at the individual machine and fleet levels.

For a mechanical system, self-awareness means being able to assess the current or past condition of a machine, and react to the assessment output. Such health assessment can be performed by using a data-driven algorithm to analyze data/information collected from the given machine and its ambient environment. The condition of the real-time machine can be fed back to the machine controller for adaptive control and machine managers for in-time maintenance. However, for most industrial applications, especially for a fleet of machines, self-awareness of machines is still far from being realized. Current diagnosis or prognosis algorithms are usually for a specific machine or application, and are not adaptive or flexible enough to handle more complicated information. The reasons for why a self-aware machine has not been fully realized are summarized as follows:

Lack of a closely coupled human-machine interaction : a major influential factor for machine condition and performance is human operation and management. Productivity and production quality can be greatly affected by task design and scheduling. Current machines can only passively listen to the operators’ commands and react, even when the assigned task is not optimal for its current condition. A smarter machine system, on the other hand, should be able to actively suggest task arrangements and adjust operational parameters to maximize productivity and product quality.

Lack f adaptive learning and full utilizati n f available info rmatio n : PHM systems cannot be widely implemented in the industry because of their low level of adaptability, which eventually leads to a lack of robustness in the health monitoring algorithms. The problem behind such an issue is that for a PHM system, development and implementation are usually separated. The PHM algorithm is developed by data collected from experiments, and does not change during implementation unless being re-trained by experts. In most cases, the algorithm only handles condition monitoring data from real machines using a pre-defined procedure without attempting to learn from it. Such a situation is far from optimal, because real-time data collected from machines in the field is usually from more machine units and of a much longer time duration, which means it contains much more information than the lab-generated data. Algorithms that are capable of learning from such data will be able to achieve optimal flexibility and robustness for handling different situations.

In order to solve the aforementioned research gaps, a unified Cyber-Physical System framework for self-aware and self-maintenance machines has been developed that can extract meaningful information from big data more efficiently, and further perform more intelligent decision-making. The proposed system framework is shown in Figure 1.

Within the scope of this research, physical space is considered:

? A fleet of machines, including

o Condition Monitoring (CM) data previously and

presently collected o Controller parameters

o Digitized machine performance (e.g. product quality

measurement)

o Machine and component configuration, model

information

o Utilization history, tasks being performed ? Hum an actions, including o Maintenance activities

o Human controlled operating parameters and usage

pattern

Figure 1: Cyber-physical system framework for self-aware and self-maintenance machines

6 J ay Lee et al. / P rocedia CIRP 16 ( 2014 ) 3 – 8

While in the cyber (computational) space, firstly, the data and information format needs to be properly defined so that information collected from the physical space can be recorded and managed. Secondly, the cyber space is designed to be able to summarize and accumulate knowledge on machine degradation, so that such knowledge can be used for health assessment of new machines. Lastly, health assessment results should be fed back in time to the physical space so that proper action can be taken.

3.1. Machine health awareness analytics with self-learning

knowledge base

Unlike most of the existing CPS which are control- or simulation-oriented, the proposed CPS uses a knowledge base

and related algorithms to represent machine degradation and performance behavior in the physical world. Machine health awareness analytics are designed to fulfill such a task. Using adaptive learning and data mining algorithms, a knowledge base representing machine performance and degradation mechanisms can be automatically populated. The knowledge base will be able to grow with new data to eventually enhance

its fidelity and capability of representing complex working conditions that happen to real-world machines. With data samples and associated information collected from machines, both horizontal (machine to machine) and vertical (time to time) comparison will be performed using specifically designed algorithms for knowledge extraction. Whenever health information of a particular machine is required, the knowledge base will provide necessary information for health

assessment and prediction algorithms. Because of the comprehensiveness of the knowledge base, PHM algorithms can be more flexible on handling unprecedented events, and

more accurate on PHM result generation.

Figure 2: Adaptive learning for machine clustering

The adaptive learning and knowledge extraction is further explained in Figure 2. Considering a machine fleet, similarity always exists among machines. Machines that are performing similar tasks or that are at similar service times may have

similar performance and health conditions. Based on such

similarities, machine clusters can be built as a knowledge base representing different machine performances and working conditions.

Algorithm-wise, unsupervised learning algorithms such as Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and G aussian Mixture Model (G MM) can be used for autonomously creating clusters for different working regimes and machine conditions. The adaptive clustering methodology in Figure 2 utilizes an on-line update mechanism whereby the algorithm compares the latest input to the existing cluster, and tries to identify one cluster that is most similar to the input sample using multidimensional distance measurement. A search of a similar

cluster can end with two results: 1) Similar cluster found. If it

is this case, then the machine from which the sample has been collected will be labelled as having the health condition defined by the identified cluster. Meanwhile, depending on deviation between the existing cluster and the latest sample, the algorithm will update the existing cluster using new information from the latest sample. 2) No similar cluster found. In this case, the algorithm will hold its operation with

the current sample until it sees enough count of out-of-cluster samples. When the number of out-of-cluster samples exceeds a certain amount, it means that there exists a new behavior of the machine that has not been modeled, so that the algorithm will automatically create a new cluster to represent such new behavior. In such case, the clustering algorithm can be very adaptive to new conditions. Moreover, the self-grow cluster will be used as the knowledge base for health assessment in

the proposed cyber space. With such mechanism, different machine performance behavior can be accumulated in the knowledge base and utilized for future health assessment. 3.2. Decision support analytics for self-maintenance The main objective of design, control and decision-making of machine operations is to meet the production goal with effective and efficient production planning and maintenance scheduling. The actual system performance often deviates from the designed productivity target because of low operational efficiency, mainly due to significant downtime and frequent machine failures. In order to improve the system performance, two key factors need to be considered: (1) the mitigation of production uncertainties to reduce unscheduled downtime and increase operational efficiency, and (2) the efficient utilization of the finite resources on the critical sections of the system by detecting its bottleneck components. With the advent of PHM development in a CPS framework, rich PHM knowledge is utilized to assist and enhance the capability of decision-making in production control and maintenance scheduling to achieve high reliability and availability. 3.3. Advantages of the CPS framework

The key innovation of such CPS framework is that it realizes a self-aware and self-maintenance system by integrating both sensor data as well as fleet-wide information, so that the data volume can be reduced and a similar pattern

7 J ay Lee et al. / P rocedia CIRP 16 ( 2014 )3 – 8

can be identified. Such strategy further ensures that information hidden under the industry Big Data can be properly utilized. The key advantages of the designed framework can be summarized into the following perspectives:

1. Unified Cyber-Physical System frameworks for machine-to-machine health modeling: the proposed CPS is not a CPS for one machine, but for a fleet of machines and human operators. The system enables machines to gather information from its peers, human operators and other surrounding environments so that machines can achieve self-awareness of their health condition via comparing with and learning from the past history of other peers.

2. Enable self-aware and self-maintenance intelligence using self-learning PHM algorithms: rigidness and inability of handling unprecedented events are major hurdles that prevent current PHM algorithms from being widely implemented in the industry. This paper proposes a solution of developing adaptive capability for anomaly detection, health assessment, and degradation prediction. Adaptive algorithms also enable the system to learn from in-field data and accumulate in-field knowledge that can hardly be gained in a test lab environment.

3. Smart decision support system for proactive maintenance scheduling: with connected machines and awareness of machine condition across the fleet, tasks and maintenance plans will be scheduled and optimized from the fleet level. By balancing and compensating the work load and stress for each machine according to their individual health condition, production and machine performance can be maximized.

4.Case study: smart remote machinery maintenance systems with Komatsu

This particular application was for a heavy-duty equipment vehicle used in mining and construction (Figure 3). The remote prognostics and monitoring system focused on assessing and predicting the health of the diesel engine component. For this remote monitoring application, the previously developed architecture for data acquisition and data storage consisted of sending a daily data set of parameters from the diesel engine to the remote location. The parameters included pressures, fuel flow rate, temperature, and the rotational speed of the engine. These parameters were taken at key operating points for the engine, such as at idle engine speed or at maximum exhaust gas temperature. The previously developed architecture was missing the necessary algorithms to process the data and assess the current health of the engine, determine the root cause of the anomalous behavior, and predict the remaining life of the diesel engine. The heavy-duty equipment manufacturer in collaboration with the Center for Intelligent Maintenance Systems (IMS) developed a systematic approach, utilizing several algorithms from the suite in the Watchdog Agent? toolbox to convert the diesel engine data into health information.

Figure 3: Komatsu smart bulldozer remote maintenance

systems

The data preprocessing step consisted of using the Huber method for outlier removal, as well as the use of an auto-regressing moving average approach to predict a time series value a few steps ahead to replace missing values. The missing values could be due to an error in the transmission of the data to the remote location, or from an outlier removal preprocessing step. After preprocessing the data, the next step was to develop a methodology to classify the different engine patterns in the data to particular engine-related problems. The use of a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) classification technique used the manufacturer’s experience on engine-related problems, along with the pattern history of the data to build the model. This classification model was able to interpret the anomalous engine behavior in the data, and identify the root cause of the problem at the early stage of degradation.

The last remaining step is the remaining life prediction, and this used a fuzzy logic-based algorithm. The fuzzy membership functions were based on engineering experience as well as features extracted from the data patterns; this hybrid approach accounts for the uncertainty in the data and combines data-driven and expert knowledge for a more robust approach. An overall visualization of the final output is shown in Figure 4, highlighting the decision aid that can be provided to the maintenance technician.

Figure 4: Machine health visualization using Watchdog

Agent? technologies

8J ay Lee et al. / P rocedia CIRP 16 ( 2014 )3 – 8

5. Conclusion

Industry 4.0 proposes the predictive manufacturing in the future industry. The machines are connected as a collaborative community. Such evolution requires the utilization of advance prediction tools, so that data can be systematically processed into information that can explain the uncertainties and thereby make more “informed” decisions.

IT trends and unmet needs accompanying the upcoming Industry 4.0 era have been presented herein. This includes manufacturing servitization, which changes manufacturers’ value proposition, and industrial big data, which makes manufacturing analytics more important than in the past decades. To sustain under these trends, a systematic framework is proposed for self-aware and self-maintained machines. The framework includes the concepts of cyber-physical system and decision support system. Lastly, a case study is presented in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed work.

To summarize, the prognostics-monitoring system is a trend of the smart manufacturing and industrial big data environment. There are many areas that are foreseen to have an impact with the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, which four key impact areas emerge:

?Machine health prediction reduces the machine downtime, and the prognostics information will support the ERP system to optimize manufacturing management, maintenance scheduling, and guarantee machine safety.

?The information flow among the production line, business management level, and supply chain management make the industrial management more transparent and organized.

?The new trend of industry will reduce labor costs and provide a better working environment. ?Eventually, it will reduce the cost by energy-saving, optimized maintenance scheduling and supply chain management.

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创新英语演讲稿

创新英语演讲稿 篇一：Innovation创新-英语演讲稿 What we cannot afford to lose We cannot lose innovation There is a wonderful word which expresses the most original motions and desires among human-beings. With solving any kind of imperfections, our world has moved ahead. This is the word “innovation” that we cannot afford to lose. We chicaned every detail of the innovation. Thousands years before, we created fire when we took a stone to knock another one. Since Han Dynasty, four great inventions had been created and it is one of the greatest signs that China become to the ancient civilized country. And nowadays, thousands of software, products, architectures and public facilities have upgraded more than that about 100 years ago. So how did these happen What will you do if you are not satisfied with your tools anymore What will you do if old mode cannot afford to develop in a company There is no doubt that we should innovate no matter where we are and what we do. Not because of the design itself, but actually

创新 Innovation

Topic of PresentationTitle of Presentation 八个关于在中国创新的迷思 8 innovation myths in China 马祺 尼尔森大中华区总裁 Mitch Barns The Nielsen Company

八个关于在中国创新的迷思 8 innovation myths in China 1) 中国≠创新1) China ≠Innovation 2) 在中国创新= 成功的保证2) Innovation in China = success guaranteed 3) 中国≠其他国家3) China ≠Other countries 4) 创新者> 追随者4) Innovator > Follower 5) 跨国企业= 创新者 5) Multinational company = Innovator 6) 本土企业= 追随者6) Local company = Follower 7) 本土品牌= 低端品牌7) Local brand = Mass 8) R&D研发花费= 成功8) R&D Spending = Success

迷思一：中国缺乏创新 Myth #1: China is not an innovator 2) 在中国创新= 成功的保证2) Innovation in China = success guaranteed 3) 中国≠其他国家3) China ≠Other countries 4) 创新者> 追随者4) Innovator > Follower 5) 跨国企业= 创新者5) Multinational company = Innovator 6) 本土企业= 追随 者 6) Local company = Follower 7) 本土品牌= 低端品牌7) Local brand = Mass 8) R&D研发花费= 成功8) R&D Spending = Success 1) 中国≠创新1) China ≠Innovation

(完整版)Innovation关于创新的英语6级作文

Innovation With the development of social economy, innovation has received more and more attention as to the obbligato role of innovation in social development. Why do so many people think that innovation is important? Later on, I will demonstrate this problem from three aspects. First of all, for individuals, innovative thinking has a significant impact on the future of human beings. People make progress by way of innovation day by day. Furthermore, for enterprises, innovation is the basis of the survival and development. Innovation can improve production efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises. Last but not least, for countries, innovation is the soul of national prosperity and national progress. Without innovation, countries couldn't survive in the world. So how do we promote innovation? As far as I am concerned, both individuals and governments should take an active part. For individuals, we should enhance the innovative thinking and improve the ability of innovation. In addition, we should actively participate in innovation activities. For governments, they should encourage social innovation, providing preferential policies and favorable conditions. Merely in this way, can we create a social environment conducive to innovation virtually. By the way, what do you think of this topic?

Innovation 创新 英语作文

I n n o v a t i o n With the economic globalization becoming increasingly intensive, innovation has become one of central topic around the world. Many countries see it as the key to develop their economy. Innovation is an inexhaustible source of motive power for the development of a nation, and a necessary quality for the growth of a man. What can we benefit from it? Innovation can enhance overall national economy, which is important to heighten our nation status in the world. Israel is about the size of China’s B eijing, yet Israel is the most advanced economics in the Middle East because of its strong innovation supported by advanced education. Although over half of land is in state of drought, Israel has the most advanced irrigation technologies. Some well-known products were invented there, such as router, Povos, Intel Core processor and so on. Always following others’ footsteps, you will never surpass him. Being yourself and dare to innovate will be your best choice. Without innovation, Steve Jobs would not have built up Apple which got where it is today. Each new design product of Apple, conceptual unit as a whole or endless after part, is able to bring you surprise and brighten your eyes. That Apple created smartphone, which have a giant influence on peoples’ lives, also makes one of the most highly valued companies in the world. Additionally, if factories have the abilities in innovation, the factories will be booming. As a result, they can provide our people with more jobs and it will make our nation more stable. What is more, a majority of new products may be available through innovation. Therefore, it is also significant factor for improving our living standards. Owing to such benefits, no wonder more and more countries focus on innovation today. Recognizing its importance is only the first step to advocate innovation, and some effective measures should be taken for it. There is no doubt in saying that without innovation, we will lack the competence we need to have a foothold in society. Therefore, only through innovation can we make ourselves competent and competitive. It is high time that we set our mind free and stride forward to make ourselves join the stream of innovation. Our country should continue to enlarge the recruit of graduate. For another, the conditions of scientists and skilled workers should be further improved. Only in this way, our nation has a brighter future.

新题型 作文 The Importance of Innovation

The Importance of Innovation 2011年12月17日四六级写作,之前2011年12月17日的四六级作文，有如下特点： 1、全英文给题，无中文提纲 2、文章给出一句名人名言或是俗语谚语，对其进行评论 3、文章主题与“人生哲理、优秀品质”相关，不再是以往的校园、学习或社会热点。四六级作文如果同时满足以上三条特点，那么以下的5篇练习题的针对性是很强的。 学习建议：建议同学们参照范文进行比较，看看文章思路、遣词造句方面有没有可以改进的地方；然后进行范文背诵，找到套路，让你的考场作文大放异彩。Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Importance of Innovation by commenting on Rosabeth Moss Kanter’s famous remark ““Mindless habitual behavior is the enemy of innovation.”You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. The Importance of Innovation “Mindless habitual behavior is the enemy of innovation. ” I assume that you are familiar with Rosabeth Moss Kanter’s famous remark. It is o bvious that a man who always stick to habit and experience can hardly create new things . Rosabeth Moss Kanter’s remark aims at informing us of the significance of innovation. Why does innovation play an indispensable role in our life ? innovation can promote the advancement of both individuals and society as a whole. Only those who are innovative can make continuous progress and maintain a competitive edge. Quite a few examples can be given to prove the importance of it, and I can think of no better illustration than the following one: how could Steve Jobs, a genius who changed the way of modern communication, recreation and even our life, launch so many powerful electronic products constantly without creative spirit？ We should always bear in mind t hat the consciousness of innovation is of great significance to us all. Hence, we need to develop a habit of discovering new things，using new methods and applying new thoughts in our work, study or simply everyday life. “Innovation is the spirit of human being’s progress.” A philosopher once said. (202 words) “不用心思的习惯性行为是创新的敌人”我觉得你对Rosabeth Moss Kanter的这句名言很熟悉。很明显，一个总是遵循习惯和经验的人是很难创造出新事物的。 Rosabeth Moss Kanter 的这句名言目的在于告诉我们创新的重要性。为什么创新在我们的生活中扮演如此重要的角色呢？创新可以促进个人和整个社会的进步。只有那些创新的人才能去的持续的进步并且保持竞争优势。相当多的例子可以用来证明创新的重要性，我想不出比一下这个例子更好的了：斯蒂夫.乔布斯，这个改变了我们的通讯方式、娱乐方式甚至是生活方式的天才，如果没有创新精神，他怎么可能持续地发布功能强大的电子产品呢？ 我们应该牢记在心，创新对于我们每个人都非常重要。因此，在我们的工作、学习甚至是生活中，我们要养成发现新事物、使用新方法、运用新思维习惯。“创新是人类进步的灵魂”一位哲学家也曾这么说过。 Unity breeds success

Innovation-in-practice-创新-实践-BCG-matrix-波士顿矩阵

A very impressive interview, thank you, Pouline, Chloe and Lynn. Now let’s come to the conclusion part. In this part, I’ll talk from two aspects. One is key to success. That’s why Nokia Lumia 800 can successful got the gold award in Innovation competition. The second part is predicting the future. We will predict the future of Nokia from its current position. IDSA gave the gold award to Nokia Lumia800 and provided reasons like: it established Windows phone; combined hardware with the Windows Phone user interface and the principle of the design team. I think the primary reason for Nokia to win the award is design thinking. The IDEO’s CEO Tin Brown gave a definition of “design thinking” like this, “Design thinking is a human-centered approach to innovation that draws from the designer's toolkit to integrate the needs of people,

Innovation翻译

创新，创业和金融市场周期 虽然硬盘的数据不难发现，金融危机的出现有实质性的负面投资者愿意资助创新创业的影响。特别是这种资金匮乏令人担忧的广泛认可创新企业所谓的“绿芽”需要- 在全球范围内的经济衰退后，重新点燃经济增长。越来越多的证据表明一个强大创业，开拓创新，经济增长之间的关系。本文件首先回顾了关于创新和之间的关系的证据创业。然后将这些活动了解市场周期的后果。我们顺便看看，金融因素影响创新投资决策和创新 特别是创业型企业。然后我又到当前的经济危机的影响。突出四个关键观察： ?当前全球经济危机的创新融资的一个戏剧性的效果，无论是通过风险投资，首次公开发行（IPO），或企业风险投资。 ?这是不是第一次这样的危机，在创业融资。这些模式反映的事实，出现财政拮据限制高潜力企业家。 ?这些资金周期是严重的，因为高潜力企业的重要性创新。 我讨论的影响，越来越多的政府计划，寻求结束鼓励企业家和风险资本融资。过于频繁，这些努力都忽略了上面所讨论的关系。 1.简介：金融危机和创新 1.A.危机的简短摘要 当前的经济危机一直是显着的，它的强度和广度。国家统计局经济研究所（NBER 2008）宣布美国经济已经进入衰退期为12月然而，经济条件已经一直处于下降通道，在许多发达国家世界[两个概述，看到福斯特和马格多夫（2009）和希尔森拉特和所罗门（2009）]经济衰退以来，美国房地产泡沫有着千丝万缕的联系。当联邦储备降低利率以刺激经济在2001年科技泡沫之后9/11，低利率敞开了大门宽松的信贷中的住房市场。从2002年到2004年，作为利息率仍然低，次级贷款成为家常便饭。消费者趁着有利获得抵押贷款和金融机构的信贷条件，推广新的贷款产品和金融仪器。例如，借款人能够获得住房贷款批准几乎没有首付，而贷款人可以放弃时，他们通过他们自己的既得利益，贷款质量向机构投资者。的需求和房屋价值攀升到2006年，但2007年中期，一个信贷危机爆发。杂乱无章的借贷行为的后果和监管不力的系统迅速赶上全球金融市场。2008年的秋天，当投资银行，如贝尔斯登和雷曼兄弟塌陷的压力下，贬值的抵押贷款支持证券，信贷紧缩迫在眉睫。越来越多的房主拖欠贷款或被迫取消抵押品赎回权的时候，例如，他们不能增加按揭付款。贷款人发现自己抵押贷款支持证券，旁边没有什么值得。破灭的房地产泡沫和烦恼大型机构举行他们引发流动性危机，借贷几乎陷于停顿，信用体系完全抓住。2009年9月18日，美国。政府出面用USD700亿美元纾困计划，希望能拯救金融系统的总崩溃的边缘结束“有毒”资产，注入足够的资金进入银行迅速启动信贷市场的周期。该政府接管房利美（Fannie Mae）和房地美（Freddie Mac）的救助了美国国际集团（AIG）在9月和有效对超过价值5万亿美元的债务时，结合其他银行的债务担保。在其他国家发生类似的纾困陷入困境的银行，最主要的是瑞士和美国 英国。在过去的一年中，政府的干预，以刺激经济已成为常规，几乎预期，但许多发达国家的经济仍然脆弱。巨额债务织机，股票市场依然动荡，并担忧失业，通货膨胀的危险，挥舞基本行业继续削弱消费者的信心。虽然在某些市场有复苏的迹象，关键如住房部门仍然依赖于政府的支持。 1.B.创业和创新的影响轶事 虽然硬盘的数据不难发现，金融危机的出现有实质性的负面投资者愿意资助创新创业的影响。特别是这种资金匮乏令人担忧的光的广泛认可需要创新企业- 所谓的“绿芽”- 重新点燃经济增长之后，全球性的经济衰退。以介绍方式，可以被看作是一个高潜力的企业家融资景观谱，更先进的企业获得大量资金从不同的逐渐变大

以创新为主题的英语作文.doc

以创新为主题的英语作文 1、How to Be Creative Being creative is to have the skill and ability to produce something new . To be honest creative is of immune significance which advances the development of economy and thus gives people pleasure and enjoyment . Do you want to be creative ?if yes here are some suggestion . First of all you should be brave . You should dare break the traditional thoughts without hesitation .You should rid yourself of the idea that what others have put forward is the best and try to doubt it .In other words seeing a good thing or idea you should try your best to creat better rather than only speaking highly of it . In addition you should be confident As the old saying goes "opportunity only knock on the door of a pepared and confident mind ."Or rather the person who are hesitant about anything can't grasp the chance for the reason that creation will flash away if not written down timely .Only when you are confident about yourself can you grasp the idea passing through your mind.

Innovation创新-英语演讲稿

What we cannot afford to lose We cannot lose innovation There is a wonderful word which expresses the most original motions and desires among human-beings. With solving any kind of imperfections, our world has moved ahead. This is the word “innovation” tha t we cannot afford to lose. We chicaned every detail of the innovation. Thousands years before, we created fire when we took a stone to knock another one. Since Han Dynasty, four great inventions had been created and it is one of the greatest signs that China become to the ancient civilized country. And nowadays, thousands of software, products, architectures and public facilities have upgraded more than that about 100 years ago. So how did these happen? What will you do if you are not satisfied with your tools anymore? What will you do if old mode cannot afford to develop in a company? There is no doubt that we should innovate no matter where we are and what we do. Not because of the design itself, but actually for its intended purpose. If there was no Apple, everyone could not imagine how to contact others easily and enjoy a better Internet surfing.

Innovation 创新 英语作文

Innovation With the economic globalization becoming increasingly intensive, innovation has become one of central topic around the world. Many countries see it as the key to develop their economy. Innovation is an inexhaustible source of motive power for the development of a nation, and a necessary quality for the growth of a man. Whatcan we benefitfrom it? Innovation can enhance overall national economy, which is important to heighten our nation status in the world.Israel is about the size of China’s Be ijing, yet Israel is the most advanced economics in the Middle East because of its strong innovation supported by advanced education. Although over half of land is in state of drought, Israel has the most advanced irrigation technologies. Some well-known products were invented there, such as router, Povos, Intel Core processor and so on.Always following others’ footsteps, you will never surpass him. Being yourself and dare to innovate will be your best choice. Without innovation, Steve Jobs would not have built up Apple which got where it is today. Each new design product of Apple, conceptual unit as a whole or endless after part, is able to bring you surprise and brighten your eyes.That Apple created smartphone, which have a giant influence on peoples’ lives, also makes one of the most highly valued companies in the world. Additionally, if factories have the abilities in innovation, the factories will be booming. As a result, they can provide our people with more jobs and it will make our nation more stable. What is more, a majority of new products may be available through innovation. Therefore, it is also significant factor for improving our living standards. Owing to such benefits, no wonder more and more countries focus on innovation today. Recognizing its importance is only the first step to advocate innovation, and some effective measures should be taken for it. There is no doubt in saying that without innovation, we will lack the competence we need to have a foothold in society.Therefore, only through innovation can we make ourselves competent and competitive. It is high time that we set our mind free and stride forward to make ourselves join the stream of innovation. Our country should continue to enlarge the recruit of graduate. For another, the conditions of scientists and skilled workers should be further improved. Only in this way, our nation has a brighter future.

Innovation创新英语作文

I n n o v a t i o n创新英语 作文 集团标准化工作小组 #Q8QGGQT-GX8G08Q8-GNQGJ8-MHHGN#

I n n o v a t i o n With the economic globalization becoming increasingly intensive, innovation has become one of central topic around the world. Many countries see it as the key to develop their economy. Innovation is an inexhaustible source of motive power for the development of a nation, and a necessary quality for the growth of a man. What can we benefit from it Innovation can enhance overall national economy, which is important to heighten our nation status in the world. Israel is about the size of China’s Be ijing, yet Israel is the most advanced economics in the Middle East because of its strong innovation supported by advanced education. Although over half of land is in state of drought, Israel has the most advanced irrigation technologies. Some well-known products were invented there, such as router, Povos, Intel Core processor and so on. Always following others’ footsteps, you will never surpass him. Being yourself and dare to innovate will be your best choice. Without innovation, Steve Jobs would not have built up Apple which got where it is today. Each new design product of Apple, conceptual unit as a whole or endless after part, is able to bring you surprise and brighten your eyes. That Apple created smartphone, which have a giant influence on peoples’ lives, also makes one of the most highly valued companies in the world. Additionally, if factories have the abilities in innovation, the factories will be booming. As a result, they can provide our people with more jobs and it will make our nation more stable. What is more, a majority of new products may be available through innovation. Therefore, it is also significant factor for improving our living standards. Owing to such benefits, no wonder more and more countries focus on innovation today. Recognizing its importance is only the first step to advocate innovation, and some effective measures should be taken for it. There is no doubt in saying that without innovation, we will lack the competence we need to have a foothold in society. Therefore, only through innovation can we make ourselves competent and competitive. It is high time that we set our mind free and stride forward to make ourselves join the stream of innovation. Our country should continue to enlarge the recruit of graduate. For another, the conditions of scientists and skilled workers should be further improved. Only in this way, our nation has a brighter future.

英语演讲 传统和创新(tradition and innovation )

Tradition and Innovation Good morning, my fellow students and dear teachers. The stories of our fathers and mothers lie in the long tradition, while the future script of our children will be written by innovation. One nation would not be itself any more if it does not inherit their tradition, which is one of the most important ingredients for the culture of a nation. The influence of tradition on the main stream thoughts is still dominant, but there were good ones as well as bad ones. Tradition is the result of our ancestors’ adaption to environment. Part of tradition still suits nowadays, such as the solar term is the guide of weather. But somehow, tradition will make people shut down their will to take a step forward which may stop the development of the economy. So, our attitude towards tradition should be dialectical, take the essence to its dregs to keep its positive energy. Innovation is an important power that will help us improve the society in many aspects. First, innovation is the way that people use their intelligence to create new things by breaking the old. Thus, innovation can activate our economy by creating new growth point and new jobs. Second, politics should suit the economy if one country wants to keep its economic growth. Politics should change along with the economy, if politics remain the same, it will have negative effects on the economy, and thus, innovation in politics is needed. Third, I want to talk about my major, Industrial Design, because a lot of things occur to at the first sight of the word “innovation”. Innovation is also needed in improving our daily life. A great example is the Apple Company and its brilliant products. Design is to produce something new and new means in some way. Einstein said: “Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.”And apple is one of those who make their products as simple, cheap and functional as they can. You know you’ve achieved perfection in design, not when you have nothing more to add, but when you have nothing more to take away. Tradition is the innovation of the past, and innovation is the new tradition. Innovation is the blast that will bring new towards old. Innovation is the best way for our nation to invest in the future.