历年英语翻译资格考试初级口笔译考试部分真题.doc

历年英语翻译资格考试初级口笔译考试部分真题

Questions 16 ～20 At the beginning of 1613，about two hundred Polish soldiers arrived at a little Russian village.

They lost their way in the thick forest and asked for a man

to show them the way to town. But no one wanted to help them.

"You will have to go through that forest，" said an old

man. "The road is on the other side." "Show us the way，"

cried the enemy officer，" or we‘ll kill every one in the village！"

"I ‘m old ， " said the old man. "I may be not able to walk

so far."

But to himself he said，"I‘ll have to show them the way

，but if I lead them into the thickest part of the forest，

they will die there and I‘ll help to save my country."

The old man went in front，and two hundred soldiers

followed him. For many hours they moved on through the forest.

"Where is the road ？" they cried. "We must be near the

road by now."

"I ‘m old ， " answered the old man. "Perhaps I have lost

my way."

"He wants money and give him some gold，" said the soldiers. "But if he doesn‘t show us the wa y we will kill him."

"We‘ll soon be on the road now，" said the old man when

he got the money. "And you will be able to go to the town."

But the trees closed round them and it became darker and

darker though it was still the middle of the day. It was even

harder to walk on in the heavy snow.

"This cannot be the road，" the men said to one another，but they could do nothing but follow those in front.

"So，" said the old man when they stopped，"you can neither go farther not turn back. You will be here and you

will die here. I will never turn against my country for your

gold."

16. The story happened _________.

（A） in Russia

（B） in a city

（C） in Poland

（D） in the soldiers‘ hometown

17.The soldiers couldn‘t get to the town ______________. （A） because the old man was too old to walk

（B） they lost their way in the thick forest

（C） they killed every one in the village

（D） they had to go through that forest

18. At last all the soldiers _____________.

（A） died in the forest

（B） moved on through the forest

（C） followed those in front

（D） turned back to the village

19. It became darker and darker because ______________. （A） it was going to rain

（B） the trees were thicker and thicker

（C） it was very late

（D） it was not the middle of the

day 20. The old man _______.

（A） turned against his country by getting gold

（B） helped to save his country

（C） killed all the soldiers

（D） showed the soldiers back to town

Questions 21 ～25

There are thousands of different languages in the world. Everyone seems to think that his native language is the most important one ， as it is their first language. For many people it is even their only language all their lives. But English is the world‘s most widely used language.

As a native language hundred million people and some other countries. ，English is spoken by nearly three

，in the U.S.A. ，England，Australia

For people in India and many other countries，English is often necessary for business，education and other activities.

So English is the second language there.

As a foreign language ，no other language is more widely studied or used than English. We used it to listen to the radio ，to read books or to travel. It is also one of the

working languages in the United Nations and is more used

than the others.

21.The native language is a person‘s ______ language.

(A)first

(B)only

(D)foreign

22.People in ______ use English as their second language.

(A)in the U.S.A.

(B)India

(C)China

(D)Australia

23.People in China use English as a _______ language.

(A) first

(B) second

(C) foreign

(D) native

24.English is _____ widely used working language in

the United Nations.

(A)much

(B)more

(C)the more

(D)the most

25.As a second language, English is used in ____ ways by people all over the world.

(A)one

(B) two

(D)four

Questions 26~30

What is your favorite colour? Do you like yellow, orange,

red? If you do, you must be a person full of hopeful happy

feeling about life. Do you like grey and blue? Then maybe

you are quiet, and you would rather go after than go before.

And sometimes you feel unhappy. If you love green, you are

strong-minded. You wish to do everything well and want other people to see you are successful. At least this is what psychologists tell us. They tell us that we don ‘t choose our favourite colour as we grow up. If you happen to love brown,

you did so as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least

as soon as you could see clearly.

A yellow room makes us feel happier and more comfortable than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and

gladness to the saddest winter day. Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active. It is a fact

that factory workers work better, harder and have few

accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black dark grey.

Remember, then, that if you feel low, you can always

brighten your day or your life with a new shirt or a few

colourful things. Remember also that you will know your

friends better when you find out what colours they like and

dislike. And don ‘t forget that anyone ca n guess a lot about your character when you choose something in different colours.

26. If you love green, ___________.

(A)you feel unhappy

(B)you are strong-minded

(C)you are happy

(D)you feel comfortable

27.Factory workers will have fewer accidents when ______.

(A)they work in yellow or orange rooms

(B) they work harder in red coats

(C) they work on the orange machines

(D) they work on the black machines

28. It‘s important for us to choose co lours because ______.

(A)colours do affect our feeling in many ways

(B)sometimes colours will do our feeling good(C) sometimes light and bright colours make us happy

(D)colours will help us to do everything well

29.If you feel low, you can brighten your day __________.

(A)with more things to do

(B)by helping others to do everything

(C)with a new shirt

(D)by seeing psychologist

30.According to this passage, you know four friends

better _______.

(A)when you find out what colours they like and dislike

(B)when you stay longer with them

(C)if you see them often

(D)when you choose something different for them

SECTION 3： TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes 20 points)

Directions ： Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the

corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

As late as 1800, women‘s only place was in the home. The

idea of women in the business was unthinkable. No woman would dream of entering what was strictly a world ”.“nice ”“man‘s

Teaching was the first profession open to women soon

after 1800. But even that was not an easy profession for

women to enter because most high schools and colleges were open only to men.

Hospital nursing became respectable work for women only after Florence Nightingale became famous. Miss Nightingale opened England ‘s first training school for nurses in 1860.

SECTION 4： TRANSLATION TEST (2) (30 minutes 20 points)

Directions ： Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

这儿是位于福建省北部的松溪县。不知您注意到没有？松溪人好象对剑有一种偏爱，晨练的人大多持剑，剑的样式也是清一色的。您

可别以为这仅是一种普通的剑。早在两千多年前，它就已经名列中国五大名剑之首了。它就是湛卢剑。

第一部分综合笔试听力测试录音文字稿

SECTION 1： LISTENING TEST

Part A ： Spot Dictation

Directions ： In this part of the test , you will hear a

passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in

each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on

the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in

your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage only once. Now let ‘s begin Part A with Spot Dictation.

Around the world young people are spending unbelievable sums of money to listen to rock music. Forbes Magazine

claims that at least fifty rock stars have incomes of between

two million and six million dollars per year.

“It doesn ‘t make sense, ” says Johnny Mathis, one of

the older music millionaires, who made a million dollars a

year when he was most popular, in the 1950s.“Performe rs aren ‘t worth this kind of money. In fact, nobody is.”

But the rock stars ‘ admirers seem to disagree. Those who love rock music spend about two billion dollars a year for

records. They pay 150 million to see rock stars in person.

Some observers think the customers are buying more than music. According to one theory, to play rock music doesn ‘t require much training. There is no gulf between the audience

and the performer. Every boy and girl in the audience thinks,

“I could sing like that.” Rock music h as become a kind of

religion. Young people are glad to pay to worship a rock

star because it is a way of worshipping themselves.

Luck is a key word for explaining the success of many. In 1972 one of the luckiest was Don McLean, who wrote and sang “American Pie. ” McLean earned more than a million dollars from recordings of“American Pie.” Then too, by writing his own music, McLean earns some extra money. Part B ： Listening Comprehension

l. Statements

Directions ： In this part of the test you will hear

several short statements. These statements will be spoken

only once , and you will not find them written on the paper ;

so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement ， read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding

space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Now let ‘s begin with question number one.

Question No. 1. Mrs. Lang and Mr. Hudson are old friends.

Question No. 2. Ralph remained in Rome during the summer.

Question No. 3. After dinner, we walked to the movies.

Question No. 4. Send me a postcard of your hotel in Paris.

Question No. 5. Janie refuses to eat liver unless

her mother also prepares bacon with it.

Question No. 6. Martha watched TV for two hours.

Question No. 7. The rain flooded several areas of the

city.

Question No. 8. When the baby cries, it usually means

his diaper needs changing.

Question No. 9. The meeting began promptly at 8 p.m.

Question No.10. The earlier you get here, the

more working time we ‘ll have.

II. Talks and Conversations

Directions ： In this part of the test , you will hear

several short talks and conversations. After each of these,

you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully, because you

will hear the talk or conversation and questions only once.

When you hear a question , read the four answer choices

and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the

letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding

space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

Questions 11 to 20 are based on the

following conversations.

11.M： That ‘s a lovely coat you‘re wearing.

W： Oh, thank you. My husband gave it to me for

my fortieth birthday.

Question No.11. What did the woman say about the coat?

‘s the car?

12. W： You‘re back late. I was worried. How

What did you find out about it?

M： The mechanic said that the best thing would be

to sell it and get a new car. This car is totally dead.

Question No.12. What will the man probably do with his

car?

13. W： Have you found anything wrong with my stomach?

‘ll let you know the M： Not yet. I am still examining. I

result next week.

Question No.13. What is the probable relationship between

the man and the woman?

14. M ：You didn ‘t go to the concert last night either, did you?

W：No, I had a slight headache.

Question No.14. What do we learn from this conversation?

15. W： Has your brother bought his books yet?

M： He bought a history book, but the Chinese and

English text-books were sold out.

Question No.15. Which book has the man‘s brother got?

16.M ： How do you manage to work and to go to school at the same time?

W： My classes are at night and I work during the day.

Question No. 16. What do we learn from this conversation?

17. W： Jo hn, I don‘t know what to get for our father.

He has just about everything, doesn‘t he?

M： Why don‘t you get him a pocket calculator?

Question No. 17. Why doesn ‘t the woman know what to get for the man ‘s father?

18.W： It ‘s surprising that Tom came out of the accident alive.

M： That ‘s true. The car crashed into the wall and

was completely damaged.

Question No. 18. What was the consequence of the accident?

19.W： I ‘m sorry, sir. The train is somewhat behind schedule. Take a seat, and I ‘ll tell you a s soon as we know something definite. M： Thank you, I ‘ll just set here and read a magazine in the meantime.

Question No. 19. What can we conclude about the train

from the conversation?

20.M ： I sent a letter to make a reservation for

a single room a few days ago.

W： I ‘m sorry, your request arrived too late. There are

some conferences in town this week and we‘re full up.

Question No. 20. Are there any spare rooms at the hotel?

Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following talk.

When my husband was promoted, we put our house up

for sale. Three weeks later, it was still on the market. I became

a busy housekeeper. Every room had to be kept tidy, and

dishes had to be washed and put away when used. Then one day the doorbell rang unexpectedly at 8 a.m. Sleepily, I opened

the door and saw our agent standing there with a couple from

New York. “ There had been no time to call,” he explained, “because the couple had to catch a plane home.”

The three people made their way past the dirty breakfast

dishes on the kitchen table and into a bedroom with unmade

beds. As I retreated into a bathroom to comb my hair, I heard

the man say something to his wife. Then they both laughed.

Two days later, the agent phoned to tell me that the

couple had bought the house. He repeated what the buyer had

said when he handed over the check the following day ：“That house has a warm, live-in feeling, just like ours. ”

Question No. 21. Why did the speaker sell her house?

Question No. 22. Why did the agent call on the speaker so

early in the morning?

Question No. 23. Why did the couple laugh in

the speaker ‘s house?

Questions 24 to 26 are based on the following talk.

For many years, T-shirts were simple short-sleeved

undershirts for men and boys, T-shirts used to be of one

colorwhite. And since they were worn under shirts, they were

generally not seen.

Today the T-shirt has become fashionable. It can be seen everywhere and on everyone. Women and little children wear

T-shirts as do teenagers, university students, and men from all

walks of life. T-shirts are worn on playground, at the beach

or in town. They can also be worn for work. Yet T-shirts

remain relatively inexpensive and longwearing, as well as

easy to care for. Smart but comfortable and convenient to wear, they have become one of America ‘s newest idea on fashion.

Although T-shirts are now available in a wide variety of bright materials and styles, the most popular kind is the traditional cotton T-shirts with a slogan or picture printed on

the front. A T-shirts may bear a single word, a popular phrase, pictures of popular singers, or an advertisement. As

T-shirts are becoming more and more popular, new designs are coming up all the time.

Question No. 24. What is the most popular kind of T-shirt?

Question No. 25. Why do people like to wear T-shirts

so much today?

Question No. 26. What is being done to make T-shirts more attractive?

Questions 27 to 30 are based on the following talk.

When you take a walk in any of the cities in the West,

you often see a lot of people walking dogs. It is still true

that a dog is the most useful and faithful animal in the

world, but the reasons why people keep a dog have changed.

In the old days people used to train dogs to protect themselves against attacks by other beasts. And later they came to realize that a dog was not only useful for protection but

willing to obey his master. For example, when people used dogs for hunting, the dogs would not eat what was caught without permission. But now people in the city need not protect themselves against attacks of animals. Why do they keep dogs, then? Some people keep dogs to protect themselves

from robbery. But the most important reason is for companionship. For a child, a dog is his best friend when he

has no friends to play with. For young couples, a dog is

their child when they have no children. For old couples, a

dog is also their child when their real children have grown

up. So the main reason why people keep dogs has changed from protection to friendship. Question No. 27. According to the talk, what were dogs trained for in the past?

Question No. 28. Why were dogs used for hunting?

Question No. 29. What is the most important reason for people in the city to keep dogs now?

Question No. 30. What is the main idea of this talk?

Part C ： Listening and Translation

l. Sentence Translation

Directions ： In this part of the test , you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences only once. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Now let‘s begin Sentence Translation with Sentence No. 1.

Sentence No. 1. John corrected one mistake but

neglected the others.

Sentence No. 2. He was too sleepy to take the medicine.

Sentence No. 3. The problem was solved after

several months‘ discussion.

Sentence No. 4. The boss told his secretary to finish the

report on time.

Sentence No. 5. He suggests that she spend more time studying her textbook.

Ⅱ. Passage Transl ation

Directions ： In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages. You will hear the passages only once. After you

have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write

your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening. Now

let ‘s begin Passage Translation with the first passage.

Passage 1 ：

Professional sports are very popular in the United States.

The most popular sports are baseball，football and basketball. Each has its own season，and millions of supporters.

Passage 2 ：

No air means death. Although we can‘t see it, there is

air round us. So air is everywhere and it gives life to

every living thing. Without it we cannot live.

福建省初级英语翻译口、笔译资格证书考试

第二部分口译考试

口语题 (40 points)

Directions ： Talk on the following topic or pictures for

at least 2 minutes. Be sure to make your points clear and

supporting details adequate. Remember that what you said will

be recorded. Start talking at the signal ?? and stop it at the signal ??

Sample 1.

Topic ： Is it necessary to develop tourism?

Aspects to be covered：

What are the advantages of developing the tourist trade?

‘s tourist

2. What should be done to improve Fujian

industry ?

Sample 2.

Picture talk ： Talk about useful facilities companies

should spend money on for their staff.

口 (60 points)

Part A

Directions ： In this part of the test, you will hear 2

passages in English. After you have heard each sentence , interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the

signal ?? and stop it at the signal ?? You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages

only once. Now let ‘s begin Part A with the first passage.

Passage 1 ：

Passage 2：

Part B

Directions ： In this part of the test, you will hear 2

passages in Chinese. After you have heard each sentence , interpret it into English. Start interpreting at the

signal ?? and stop it at the signal ?? You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages

only once. Now let‘s begin Part B with the first passage.

Passage 1 ：

Passage 2 ：

口音文字稿

Part A

Directions ： In this part of the test, you will hear 2

passages in English. After you have heard each sentence , interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the

signal ?? and stop it at the signal ?? You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages

only once. Now let ‘s begin Part A with the first

passage.Passage 1 ：

Vancouver is the third largest city in Canada after

Toronto and Montreal.// It is also an important financial

and business centre.// Not to forgotten is the fact that

Vancouver is Canada ‘s busiest seaport.// The Vancouver port is the largest port all along the entire Pacific Coast of

North and South America.

Passage 2 ：

The future lies with the young.// We two countries come

from different traditions, and sharing these traditions

benefits us all.// We are delighted that more of your young

2020年英语翻译资格考试高级口译模拟试题(1)

2020年英语翻译资格考试高级口译模拟试题(1) Mass urbanization of the world’s population is an unprecedented trend worldwide. The most important reason why people are moving to cities is economic. People are moving to the cities because that’s where they can find jobs and earn money. Until the 20th century, the major source of employment, full and part-time, was farming. Now, according to recent statistics, no more than 15 percent of all jobs are connected to farming. Jobs now are being created in information technology, manufacturing and service areas, such as tourism and financing, and all of these new jobs are in or around major cities. 译文：世界人口大规模的城市化在世界范围内达到史无前例的规模。驱使人们持续涌向城市的最重要原因是经济因素。人们都涌向城 市是因为在城里能够找到工作和挣钱。在20世纪以前，就业的主要途径，不管是全职还是兼职，一直都是农耕。而现在，根据最近的统计 数据，只有不到15%的工作是和农业相关的。越来越多的工作产生于信息技术产业、制造业和服务行业，如旅游业和融资，而所有这些新兴 工作都在大城市及其周边地区。 评析：本题是高口热点话题“城市化”，在07年9月的高口NTGF 部分也涉及到过城市化的问题，前一题的句子翻译S2也提到了“人们 搬进大城市的原因，是追求高品质的生活”，而这里主要围绕工作展开。考查词汇都在大纲范围内，像urbanization, manufacturing等 都属于常见热词，考生在平时对这些词汇有所积累，翻译起来并不难。相对passage 2, 这段话稍微有点长，这也提醒考生注意平时多练习听写记笔记，熟悉常考话题，这样在考试时才能拿高分。

英语翻译期末试卷

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英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编6 (总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00) 1.英译汉（分数： 2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析： 2.The 1992 Rio conference was a high watermark for environmental law. Despite all the many accomplishments since then, we must now acknowledge that Rio has not fulfilled the promises with which the world invested it. After 50 years of diligent and sophisticated work by environmental lawyers on legislation, regulation, principles, treaties, and judicial decisions, how is it that the " actual landscape" of the world"s resources is still "slipping two steps backward for each forward stride"? Part of the explanation for that disappointing result can be found in the statements issued by a distinguished international collection of prosecutors, judges, and legal scholars at the Rio + 20-re-lated World Congress on Justice, Governance, and Law for Environmental Sustainability. They focused almost exclusively on matters of substantive doctrine and legal procedure. Recommitment to enhancing "law" in this narrow sense—a body of formal rules and principles and the judicial and prosecutorial mechanisms for their application and enforcement—certainly has great value, and that work should go forward vigorously. But the ongoing ecological deterioration is traceable in large part to pervasive social and political attitudes favoring a growth-based model of economic "development" that steadily intensifies human appropriation of planetary resources. To address the root of the problem, it will be argued here, environmental law needs a more expansive society-based conception of "law", one that activates law as a social institution engaged broadly with the habits and customs, the expectations and aspirations, of people and organizations in their daily lives. Environmental lawyers, then, need a fresh and bold reimagination of their mission, to hone and use their persuasive and analytical skills in creative ways to alter the social dynamic underlying environmental change and to foment a deep commitment to effective stewardship of resources. （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： 1992年的里约会议标志着环境法达到了最高水平。尽管此后环境保护硕果累累，但我们现在必须承认，对于世界人民给予资金支持的诺言，里约会议并未实现。50多年来，环境法的律师制定或修改法律、规章、准则、条约并做出司法判决，他们勤奋地做着这些高深复杂的工作，但是世界资源的“现状”仍然“每前进一步都倒退两步”是怎么回事? 这一结果令人失望，其中部分原因可以在全世界杰出的检察官、法官和法律学者发布的言论合集中找到，他们在里约+20的相关世界会议上就司法、管理和环境可持续发展的法律发表了看法。他们几乎完全侧重于实际法令及法律程序等事宜。他们再次决心加强狭义的“法制”——一整套正规的规定和准则以及实施、强化这些法律的司法和执法机制——这当然意义重大，这项工作也应如火如荼进行。但在很大程度上，持续的生态恶化应归结于普遍存在的社会和政治态度，这一态度支持以增长为基础的经济发展模式，而这又使人类不断加强对地球资源的利用。为了从根源上解决这一问题，我们将在这里讨论环境法需要“法律”概念在社会上得到更广泛的普及，这样才能促使法律作为一种社会制度广泛地融人到习惯和习俗、期望和愿望以及人和组织的日常生活中去。然后，环保律师需要对自己的使命有着全新的明确认识，锻炼自己的说服技巧和分析技巧，并创造性地利用其来改变环境变化的基础，即社会动力，以此激发人们深深致力于资源的有效管理。) 解析： 3.Never before had the world such a tremendous scientific-technical potential, such a capacity to generate wealth and well-being. Authentic technological wonders that have made any place in the world to be always close with regard to distances and communications have not been capable of bringing well-being for everybody, but only for a meager 15% living in the countries of the

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编79

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编79 (总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00) 1.汉译英（分数： 2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析： 2.2010年12月，为了向年轻一代普及航天科学教育，海南省开始在文昌市建设航天主题公园。公园占地1800亩，紧邻文昌卫星发射中心。工程预计花费30亿元，在2013年完工。这个航天主题公园将分四个展览区，包括地球、月球、火星和太阳。游客甚至可以进入发射台，实地观看火箭发射。 （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：To promote aerospace science and general aviation knowledge among the younger generation, in December 2010, Hainan province begins to build a Space Flight Theme Park in Wenchang Cit-y. Covering an area of 1,800 mu (120 hectares) , the theme park is located at Wenchang Satellite Launch Center. The whole project is estimated to cost 3 billion yuan (455 million U. S. dollars) and is expected to be finished in 2013. The park will have four exhibiti-on sections, featuring the earth, moon, Mars and the sun. Visitors can even enter the launch station and watch the actual rocket launch.) 解析： 3.1957年10月苏联成功发射第一颗人造卫星，揭开了人类历史由地球迈向太空的第一页。此后短短半个世纪里，人类的外空探索活动突飞猛进，取得了辉煌的成就。人类不仅成功登陆月球，而且还将研究的触手伸向火星等更为遥远的星球。截止到2006年底，环绕地球飞行的各类人造物体，包括人造卫星、航天飞机、国际空间站、空间实验室等接近6000个。 （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：On October, 1957, the Soviet Union successfully launched the first artificial satellite, which turned the first page in human history of entering the space. During the half century coming after, humans" explorations in outer space have grown by leaps and bounds and have made brilliant achievements. Humans not only successfully landed on the moon, but also reached toward even more distant planet such as Mars. At the end of 2006, the number of the various types of artificial objects flying around the Earth, including satellites, space shuttles, international space stations, space laboratories, etc. is already close to 6,000.) 解析： 4.博鳌论坛的经历给了刘晓宁不小的打击，生活上的拮据让她开始反思自己做公务员两年多的经历。都说公务员舒服，但刘晓宁每天的工作时间都在10小时以上，加班到晚上八九点钟，是很正常的事。如果有活动，赶工到夜里12点，也是家常便饭。 （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：The experience in Boao Forum is not a small blow to Liu Xiaoning. The bare livelihood forced her to reflect on her life as a civil servant for more than two years. Every one says that civil servants enjoy a comfortable life, but Xiaoning works more than 10 hours everyday. Working overtime until eight or nine in the evening is perfectly normal. When there are activities, staying up to 12 at night is also not uncommon.) 解析： 5.我国人口老龄化对经济增长的潜在影响理论研究认为，老龄化会减少劳动力供给，降低社会储蓄率，导致产出和资本形成能力下降，最终影响经济增长。同时，发达国家的实际表明，随着人口老龄化，养老费用及人均医疗费用均会大幅上升，加重政府财政负担。与发达国家“富老同步”或者“先富后老”相比，