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2016届高考英语高频语法串讲构词法.doc

2016届高考英语高频语法串讲构词法.doc
2016届高考英语高频语法串讲构词法.doc

高考英语语法专讲:构词法

一.概念

英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法.

二.相关知识点精讲

1.转化法

英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

1)动词转化为名词

很多动词可以转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有一定变化(如下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作(如下③)。例如:

①Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。

②He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。

③Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。

2)名词转化为动词

很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。例如:

①Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗?

②Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。

③She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。

④We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。

3)形容词转化为动词

有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如:

We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

4)副词转化为动词

有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如:

Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。

5)形容词转化为名词

表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①);某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数(如下②)。例如:

You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。

The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。

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