高考英语试题解析

2017年普通高等学校全国招生统一考试（北京卷）

英语

本试卷共16页，共150分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：What is the man going to read?

A．A newspaper. B．A magazine. C．A book.

答案是A

1．When will the film start?

A．At 5:00. B．At 6:00. C．At 7:00.

2．Which club will the man join?

A．The film club. B．The travel club. C．The sports club.

3．What was the weather like in the mountains yesterday?

A．Sunny. B．Windy. C．Snowy.

4．What does the man want to cut out of paper?

A．A fish. B．A bird. C．A monkey.

5．Where does the conversation most probably take place?

A．In a library. B．At a bookstore. C．In a museum.

第二节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6短材料，回答第6至7题。

6．Why does the woman make the call?

A．To make an invitation. B．To ask for information. C．To discuss a holiday plan .

7．How much does the woman need to pay for the minibus?

A．$50. B．$150. C．$350.

听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

are the two sperkers mainly talking about?

waste. pollution. benefits.

does the woman decide to do with her cell hpone in the end?

it away. it at home. it to be recycled.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

is the possible relationship between the sperkers?

. and husband. partners.

does the woman work now?

a school. a restaurant. a travel agency.

are the two sperkers going to do?

take a trip. have a coffee. attend a meeting.

听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。

has been improved according to the speaker?

train station. bus service. parking lot.

does the speaker get to her office today?

bus and on foot. train and by bus. train and on foot.

is the speaker?

A. A reporter.

B. A policeman.

C. A photographer.第三节（共5小题；每小题分，共分）

听下面一段对话，完成16至20五道小题，每小题仅填一个

．．词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。

第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）

第一节单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，共 15 分）

从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.

A. must

B. should

C. can

D. need

【答案】C

【解析】can表示“能够”，符合句意。

22. —Peter, please send us postcards ______ we’ll know where you have visited.—No problem.

A. but

B. or

C. for

D. so

【答案】D

【解析】so：所以。符合句意。

23. Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.

A. whatever

B. whoever

C. whomever

D. whichever

【答案】B

【解析】whoever：不论谁，任何人。空格处是从句的主语，whomever是宾格形式，所以不能用在这里。

24. —______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?—Yes. They are happy with it.

A. Did you call

B. Have you called

C. Will you call

D. Were you calling 【答案】A

【解析】题目提到了时间点yesterday，因此用一般过去时。

25. ______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.

A. Once

B. If

C. Although

D. Because

【答案】C

【解析】Although：尽管，虽然。符合句意。

26. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.

A. why

B. where

C. how

D. when

【答案】B

【解析】where表示地点。where she was heading表示“她要去哪”，符合句意。

27. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ their valuable time.

A. save

B. saving

C. to save

D. saved

【答案】C

【解析】to save是动词不定式，表示目的。符合句意。

28. If you don’t understand something,you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you figure it out.

A. because

B. though

C. until

D. since

【答案】C

【解析】until：直到。figure out：弄清，理解。符合句意。

29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet.

A. haven’t invented

B. haven’t been invented

C. hadn’t invented

D. hadn’t been invented

【答案】D

【解析】题目提到了时间点1950s，表示在过去的时间点之前发生的事情用过去完成时。

30. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants.

A. ranging

B. range

C. to range

D. ranged

【答案】A

【解析】ranging from的逻辑主语是wildlife，它们之间是主动的关系，因此用ing形式。

31. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.

A. that

B. as

C. where

D. when

【答案】A

【解析】that we meet是定语从句，修饰The little problems。并且little 修饰problems，关系词需要用that。

has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students. A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent

【答案】D

【解析】spent的逻辑主语是the happy time，它们之间是被动的关系，因此用过去分词表示被动。

access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as result.

A. will have

B. have

C. had

D. had had

【答案】B

【解析】本题描述的是现在发生的事情，因此用一般现在时。

34. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.

A. had been put

B. were put

C. should be put

D. would be put

【答案】A

【解析】本题是对过去的虚拟，所以从句用过去完成时的形式。

35. Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.

A. at

B. in

C. on

D. by

【答案】B

【解析】make a living in表示“用…谋生”。

第二节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题分，共 30 分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，

并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl from Manitoba, Canada. One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg. They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that

the man was homeless and hungry. Hannah was very 37 .She couldn't understand why some people had to live their without shelter or enough food. Hannah started

to think about how she could 38 ,but, of course, there is not a lot one

five-year-old can do to solve(解决)the problem of homelessness.

Later ,when Hannah attended school, she saw another homeless person. It was a woman, 39 an old shopping trolley（购物车）which was piled with 40 . It seemed

that everything the woman owned was in them. This made Hannah very sad, and even more 41 to do something. She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people 42 they first saw the homeless man. Her mother told her that if

she did something to change the problem that made her sad, she wouldn’t 43 as bad.

Hannah began to speak out about the homelessness in Manitoba and then in other provinces. She hoped to 44 her message of hope and awareness. She started the Ladybug Foundation, an organization aiming at getting rid of bomekssacss. She began to “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to persuade local business Leaders to 46 to

the cause. She also organized a fundraising(募捐)drive in “Ladybug Jars” to collect everyone’s spare change during “Make Change” month. More recently, the foundation began another 47 called National Red Scarf Day-a day when people donate $20 and wear red scarves in support of Canada’s 48 and homeless.

There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called “Hannah’s Place”, something

that Hannah is very 49 of. Hannah’s Place is divided into several areas, providing shelter for people when it is so cold that 50 outdoors can mean death. In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of 51 .

For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the 52 of young people to change the world. But 53 all this, Hannah still has the 54

life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regular visits to homeless people.

Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a 55 in the world. You can, too !

36. A. jumping B. eating C. crying D. waving

【答案】B

【解析】eat out of是固定搭配，表示吃…。符合句意。

37. A. annoyed B. nervous C. ashamed D. upset

【答案】D

【解析】upset：心烦意乱的，不舒服的。符合句意。

38. A. behave B. manage C. help D. work

【答案】C

【解析】从上下文意思来看，应该是说如何帮助他们，因此选C。

39. A. pushing B. carrying C. buying D. holding 【答案】A

【解析】push：推。从上下文看，推着购物车是合乎逻辑的。

40. A. goods B. bottles C. foods D. bags 【答案】D

【解析】后面说似乎那个女人所有的东西都在这里面，那么比较合适的选项就是bags，都在袋子中。

41. A. excited B. determined C. energetic D. grateful

【答案】B

【解析】determined to do sth. 表示“决定要做某事”，符合句意。

42. A. since B. unless C. although D. as

【答案】A

【解析】since：自从。符合句意，与句子中的first相呼应。

43. A. sound B. get C. feel D. look

【答案】C

【解析】feel与bad搭配，表示感觉不太好。

44. A. exchange B. leave C. keep D. spread 【答案】D

【解析】spread：扩展，扩散。符合句意。

45. A. sell B. deliver C. host D. pack

【答案】B

【解析】deliver：分送，分发。与“lunch”搭配表示“分发午餐”。

46. A. contribute B. lead C. apply D. agree 【答案】A

【解析】contribute to表示“贡献于，对…做出贡献”，符合句意。

47. A. campaign B. trip C. procedure D. trial

【答案】A

【解析】campaign：运动，活动。符合句意。

48. A. elderly B. hungry C. lonely D. sick 【答案】B

【解析】从上下文来看，本文所写的内容比较关注的是饥饿与无家可归的人，因此选B。

49. A. aware B. afraid C. proud D. sure 【答案】C

【解析】be proud of：以…为骄傲。符合句意。

50. A. going B. sleeping C. traveling D. playing 【答案】B

【解析】根据上下文，应该是指谁在外面会被冻死。B项比较贴合文意。

51. A. praises B. invitations C. replies D. appointments

【答案】A

【解析】praise：赞美，赞扬。表示自从Hannah做这件事情收到了很多赞扬。

52. A. needs B. interests C. dreams D. efforts

【答案】D

【解析】effort：努力。符合句意。

53. A. for B. through C. besides D. along

【答案】C

【解析】besides：除了。符合句意。表示“除了做这些，她仍然只是一个学生”。

54. A. healthy B. public C. normal D. tough

【答案】C

【解析】normal：正常的，正规的。符合句意。

55. A. choice B. profit C. judgement D. difference

【答案】D

【解析】difference：不同。make a difference：做出不同。符合句意。

第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）

第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm, Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn’t know each other well —Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.

Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground, “Paris’s eye rolled back,” Taylor says. “She started shaking . I knew it was an emergency.”

It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. “Does anyone know CPR?”

CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sic k person’s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly.

Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn’t think she knew it well enough. Bu t when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR, “It was scary. I knew it was the

difference between life and death,” says Taylor.

Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic devices(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris’ heartbeat returned.

“I know I was really lucky,” Paris say now. “Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my lif e”

Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.

Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”

happened to Paris on a March day?

A. She caught a bad cold.

B. She had a sudden heart problem.

C. She was knocked down by a ball.

D. She shivered terribly during practice

【答案】B

【解析】根据Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure可以得出答案。

does Paris say she was lucky?

A. She made a worthy friend.

B. She recovered from shock.

C. She received immediate CPR.

D. She came back on the softball team.

【答案】C

【解析】根据Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life可以得出答案。

of the following words can best describe Taylor?

A. Enthusiastic and kind.

B. Courageous and calm.

C. Cooperative and generous.

D. Ambitious and professional.

【答案】B

【解析】在突发状况面前，尽管对自己的技术没有把握，Taylor 仍然对同伴施救，体现了她的勇气与冷静。

B

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A. It entertains young parents.

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C. It publishes popular science fictions.

D. It combines fun with complex concepts.

【答案】D

【解析】根据TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children可以得出答案。

60. What does TOKNOW offer its readers?

A. Online courses.

B. Articles on new topics.

C. Lectures on a balanced life.

D. Reports on scientific discoveries.

【答案】B

【解析】根据Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles 可以得出答案。

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【答案】D

【解析】根据Annual Subscription with Gift Pack…Rest of World ￡70可以得出答案。

62. Subscribers of TOKNOW would get .

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B. full refund within 28 days

C. membership of the TOKNOW club

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【解析】根据the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back可以得出答案。

C

Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all

of last year.

The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.

But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.

That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the count ry from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.

The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.

Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.

Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.

Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks. 63．The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.

A．a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend

B．the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention

C．anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons

D．information about measles spreads quickly

【答案】A

【解析】根据The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a

dangerous trend可以得知答案。

64．Herd immunity works well when ____________.

A．exemptions are allowed

B．several vaccines are used together

C．the whole neighborhood is involved in

D．new regulations are added to the state laws

【答案】C

【解析】根据But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in可以得出答案。

65．What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?

A．The overuse of vaccine.

B．The lack of medical care.

C．The features of measles itself.

D．The vaccine opt-outs of some people.

【答案】D

【解析】根据Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten可以得出答案。

66．What is the purpose of the passage?

A．To introduce the idea of exemption.

B．To discuss methods to cure measles.

C．To stress the importance of vaccination.

D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.

【答案】C

【解析】本文主旨是为了强调疫苗的重要性。

D

Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who

founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose which we really desire.”

A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.

The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrating the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.

Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933,

physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.

1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .

A. run out of human control

B. satisfy human’s real desires

C. command armies of killer robots

D. work faster than a mathematician

【答案】A

【解析】第一段的意思是人工智能可能已经超出了人类的控制。

with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to .

A. prevent themselves from being destroyed

B achieve their original goals independently

C. do anything successfully with given orders

D. beat humans in international chess matches

【答案】A

【解析】根据A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence可以得出答案。

to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .

A. help super intelligent machines work better

B. be secure against evil human beings

C. keep machines from being harmed

D. avoid robots’ affecting the world

【答案】D

【解析】根据Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world可以得出答案。

does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?

A. It will disappear with the development of AI.

B. It will get worse with human interference.

C. It will be solved but with difficulty.

【答案】C

【解析】根据Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy可以得出答案。

第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 71

One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强)connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.

Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元)in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to from the next day. 73

Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.

If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information-our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.

Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 75 “You keep what matters,”To noni says.

A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.

B. Ti’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.

C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.

D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.

E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.

F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.

G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these conn ections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.

71.【答案】C

【解析】C项的意思与空格前面的句子讨论的是一个事情。Similarly：相似的，也暗示了前后句子的关系。

72. 【答案】E

【解析】空格前面说睡眠帮助加强记忆，E项说睡眠之后考的更好，句意连贯。

73. 【答案】F

【解析】空格前面说睡眠为新的记忆腾出空间，F项说睡眠是为学习付出的代价，句子逻辑关系正确。

74. 【答案】G

【解析】空格后面也出现了The synapses in the mice，与G项中的synapses, in the brains of 12 mice呼应。

75. 【答案】B

【解析】You keep what matters意思是：你决定什么是重要的。与B项意思一致。

第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）

第一节（15分）

你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择：“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：

1.你建议的线路；

2.你的理由；

3.你的祝愿。

注意：1.词数不少于50；

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

Yours,

Li Hua

【参考范文】略。

【题目解析】本文是一篇考生们熟悉的书信类体裁的书面表达，内容贴近学生生活。在写作时要注意根据列出的写作要点写作，而且要注意将来时、现在时以及现在完成时的交错使用；注意使用高级句式和多种结构的使用。

第二节（20 分）

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录毕业前夕你们制作以“感恩母校”为主题的毕业纪念视频的全过程。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：视频video

【参考范文】略。

【题目解析】本文是一篇考生们熟悉的校园生活的书面表达，内容贴近学生生活，所以人人有话可说。在写作时要注意先列出写作要点，而且要注意将来时、现在时以及现在完成时的交错使用；注意使用高级句式和多种结构的使用。