《论语》中英对照
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論語
CONFUCIAN ANALECTS.
學而第一
BOOK I. HSIO R.
【第一章】【一節】子曰、學而時習之、不亦說乎。【二節】有朋自遠方來、不亦樂乎。【三節】人不知而不慍、不亦君子乎。
CHAPTER I. 1. The Master said, 'Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application?
2. 'Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?'
3. 'Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?'
【第二章】【一節】有子曰、其為人也孝弟、而好犯上者鮮矣、不好犯上、而好作亂者、未之有也。【二節】君子務本、本立、而道生、孝
CHAP. II. 1. The philosopher Yu said, 'They are few who, being filial and fraternal, are fond of offending against their superiors. There have been none, who, not liking to offend against their superiors, have been fond of stirring up confusion.
2. 'The superior man bends his attention to what is radical.
弟也者、其為仁之本與。【第三章】子曰、巧言令色、鮮矣仁。【第四章】曾子曰、吾日三省吾身、為人謀、而不忠乎、與朋友交、而不信乎、傳不習乎。That being established, all practical courses naturally grow up. Filial piety and fraternal submission!-- are they not the root of all benevolent actions?'
CHAP. III. The Master said, 'Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with
true virtue.'
CHAP. IV. The philosopher Tsang said, 'I daily examine myself on three points:-- whether, in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful;-- whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere;-- whether I may have not mastered and practised the instructions of my teacher.'
【第五章】子曰、道千乘之國、敬事而信、節用而愛人、使民以時。【第六章】子曰、弟子、入則孝、出則弟、謹而信、凡愛眾、而親仁、行有餘力、則以學文。【第七章】子夏曰、賢賢易色、事父母、能竭其力、事君、能致其身、
CHAP. V. The Master said, To rule a country of a thousand chariots, there must be reverent attention to business, and sincerity; economy in expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at the proper seasons.'
CHAP. VI. The Master said, 'A youth, when at home, should be filial, and, abroad, respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the friendship of the good. When he has time and opportunity, after the performance of these things, he should employ them in polite studies.'
CHAP. VII. Tsze-hsia said, 'If a man withdraws his mind from the love of beauty, and applies it as sincerely to the love of the virtuous; if, in serving his parents, he can exert his utmost strength;
與朋友交、言而有信、雖曰未學、吾必謂之學矣。【第八章】【一節】子曰、君子不重、則不威、學則不固。【二節】主忠信。【三節】無友不如己者。【四節】過則勿憚改。【第九章】曾子曰、慎終追遠、民德歸厚矣。if, in serving his prince, he can devote his life; if, in his intercourse with his friends, his words are sincere:-- although men say that he has not learned, I will certainly say that he has.'
CHAP. VIII. 1. The Master said, 'If the scholar be not grave, he will not call forth any veneration, and his learning will not be solid.
2. 'Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles.
3. 'Have no friends not equal to yourself.
4. 'When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them.'
CHAP. IX. The philosopher Tsang said, 'Let there be a careful attention to perform the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed when long gone with the ceremonies of sacrifice;-- then the virtue of the people will resume its proper excellence.'
【第十章】【一節】子禽問於子貢曰、夫子至於是邦也、必聞其政、求之與、抑與之與。【二
節】子貢曰、夫子溫﹑良﹑恭﹑儉﹑讓、以得之、夫子之求之也、其諸異乎人之求之與。【十一章】子曰、父在、觀其志、父沒、觀其行、三年無改於父之道、可謂孝矣。CHAP. X. 1. Tsze-ch'in asked Tsze-kung, saying, 'When our master comes to any country, he does not fail to learn all about its government. Does he ask his information? or is it given to him?'
2. Tsze-kung said, 'Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant, and thus he gets his information. The master's mode of asking information!-- is it not different from that of other men?'
CHAP. XI. The Master said, 'While a man's father is alive, look at the bent of his will; when his father is dead, look at his conduct. If for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial.'
【十二章】【一節】有子曰、禮之用、和為貴、先王之道、斯為美；小大由之。【二節】有所不行、知和而和、不以禮節之、亦不可行也。【十三章】有子曰、信近於義、言可復也、恭近於禮、遠恥辱也、因不失其親、亦可宗也。【十四章】子曰、君子食無求CHAP. XII. 1. The philosopher Yu said, 'In practising the rules of propriety, a natural ease is to be prized. In the ways prescribed by the ancient kings, this is the excellent quality, and in things small and great we follow them.
2. 'Yet it is not to be observed in all cases. If one, knowing how such ease should be prized, manifests it, without regulating it by the rules of propriety, this likewise is not to be done.'
CHAP. XIII. The philosopher Yu said, 'When agreements are made according to what is right, what is spoken can be made good. When respect is shown according to what is proper, one keeps far from shame and disgrace. When the parties upon whom a man leans are proper persons to be intimate with, he can make them his guides and masters.'
CHAP. XIV. The Master said, 'He who aims to be a man of complete virtue in his food does not seek to gratify his appetite, nor
飽、居無求安、敏於事、而慎於言、就有道、而正焉、可謂好學也已。【十五章】【一節】子貢曰貧、而無諂、富而無驕、何如。子曰、可也、未若貧而樂、富而好禮者也。【二節】子貢曰、詩云、如切如磋、如琢如磨、其斯之謂與。【三節】子曰、賜也、始可與言詩in his dwelling place does he seek the appliances of ease; he is earnest in what he is doing, and careful in his speech; he frequents the company of men of principle that he may be rectified:-- such a person may be said indeed to love to learn.'
CHAP. XV. 1. Tsze-kung said, 'What do you pronounce concerning the poor man who yet does not flatter, and the rich man who is not proud?' The Master replied, 'They will do; but they are not equal to him, who, though poor, is yet cheerful, and to him, who, though rich, loves the rules of propriety.'
2. Tsze-kung replied, 'It is said in the Book of Poetry, "As you cut and then file, as you carve and
then polish."-- The meaning is the same, I apprehend, as that which you have just expressed.'
3. The Master said, 'With one like Ts'ze, I can begin to talk
已矣、告諸往而知來者。【十六章】子曰、不患人之不己知、患不知人也。about the odes. I told him one point, and he knew its proper sequence.'
CHAP. XVI. The Master said, 'I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men.'
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為政第二
BOOK II. WEI CHANG.
【第一章】子曰、為政以德、譬如北辰、居其所、而眾星共之。
CHAP. I. The Master said, 'He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it.'
【第二章】子曰、詩三百、一言以蔽之、曰、思無邪。【第三章】【一節】子曰、道之以政、齊之以刑、民免而無恥。【二節】道之以德、齊之以禮、有恥且格。【第四章】【一節】子曰、
吾十有五而志于學。【二節】三十而立。【三節】四十而不惑。【四節】五
CHAP. II. The Master said, 'In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces, but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence-- "Having no depraved thoughts."'
CHAP. III. 1. The Master said, 'If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame.
2. 'If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of shame, and moreover will become good.'
CHAP. IV. 1. The Master said, 'At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning.
2. 'At thirty, I stood firm.
3. 'At forty, I had no doubts.
4. 'At fifty, I knew the decrees of Heaven.
十而知天命。【五節】六十而耳順。【五節】七十而從心所欲、不踰矩。【第五章】【一節】孟懿子問孝、子曰、無違。【二節】樊遲御、子告之曰、孟孫問孝於我、我對曰、無違。【三節】樊遲曰、何謂也、子曰、生事之以禮、死葬之以禮、祭之以禮。
5. 'At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth.
6. 'At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without transgressing what was right.'
CHAP. V. 1. Mang I asked what filial piety was. The Master said, 'It is not being disobedient.'
2. Soon after, as Fan Ch'ih was driving him, the Master told him, saying, 'Mang-sun asked me what filial piety was, and I answered him,-- "not being disobedient."'
3. Fan Ch'ih said, 'What did you mean?' The Master replied, 'That parents, when alive, be served according to propriety; that, when dead, they should be buried according to propriety; and that they should be sacrificed to according to propriety.'
【第六章】孟武伯問孝、子曰、父母唯其疾之憂。【第七章】子游問孝、子曰、今之孝者、是謂能養、至於犬馬、皆能有養、不敬、何以別乎。【第八章】子夏問孝、子曰、色難、有事、弟子服其勞、有酒食、先生饌、曾是以為孝乎。
CHAP. VI. Mang Wu asked what filial piety was. The Master said, 'Parents are anxious lest their children should be sick.'
CHAP. VII. Tsze-yu asked what filial piety was. The Master said, 'The filial piety of now-a-days
means the support of one's parents. But dogs and horses likewise are able to do something in the way of support;-- without reverence, what is there to distinguish the one support given from the other?'
CHAP. VIII. Tsze-hsia asked what filial piety was. The Master said, 'The difficulty is with the countenance. If, when their elders have any troublesome affairs, the young take the toil of them, and if, when the young have wine and food, they set them before their elders, is THIS to be considered filial piety?'
【第九章】子曰、吾與回言終日、不違、如愚。退兒省其私、亦足以發、回也不愚。【第十章】【一節】子曰、視其所以。【二節】觀其所由。【三節】察其所安。【四節】人焉廋哉、人焉廋哉。【十一章】子曰、溫故而知新、可以為師矣。
CHAP. IX. The Master said, 'I have talked with Hui for a whole day, and he has not made any objection to anything I said;-- as if he were stupid. He has retired, and I have examined his conduct when away from me, and found him able to illustrate my teachings. Hui!-- He is not stupid.'
CHAP. X. 1. The Master said, 'See what a man does.
2. 'Mark his motives.
3. 'Examine in what things he rests.
4. 'How can a man conceal his character?
5. How can a man conceal his character?'
CHAP. XI. The Master said, 'If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.'
【十二章】子曰、君子不器。【十三章】子貢問君子、子曰、先行其言、而後從之。【十四章】子曰、君子周而不比、小人比而不周。【十五章】子曰、學而不思則罔、思而不學則殆。【十六章】子曰、攻乎異端、斯害也己。
CHAP. XII. The Master said, 'The accomplished scholar is not a utensil.'
CHAP. XIII. Tsze-kung asked what constituted the superior man. The Master said, 'He acts before he speaks, and afterwards speaks according to his actions.'
CHAP. XIV. The Master said, 'The superior man is catholic and no partisan. The mean man is partisan and not catholic.'
CHAP. XV. The Master said, 'Learning without thought is labour lost; thought without learning is
perilous.'
CHAP. XVI. The Master said, 'The study of strange doctrines is injurious indeed!'
【十七章】子曰、由、誨女知之乎、知之為知之、不知為不知、是知也。【十八章】【一節】子張學干祿。【一節】子曰、多聞闕疑、慎言其餘、則寡尤、多見闕殆、慎行其餘、則寡悔、言寡尤、行寡悔、祿在其中矣。
CHAP. XVII. The Master said, 'Yu, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it;-- this is knowledge.'
CHAP. XVII. 1. Tsze-chang was learning with a view to official emolument.
2. The Master said, 'Hear much and put aside the points of which you stand in doubt, while you speak cautiously at the same time of the others:-- then you will afford few occasions for blame. See much and put aside the things which seem perilous, while you are cautious at the same time in carrying the others into practice:-- then you will have few occasions for repentance. When one gives few occasions for blame in his words, and few occasions for repentance in his conduct, he is in the way to get emolument.'
【十九章】哀公聞曰、何為則民服。孔子對曰、舉直錯諸枉、則民服、舉枉錯諸直、則民不服。【二十章】季康子問使民敬忠以勤、如之何。子曰、臨之以莊、則敬、孝慈、則忠、舉善而教不能、則勤。【廿一章】【一節】或謂孔子曰、子奚
CHAP. XIX. The Duke Ai asked, saying, 'What should be done in order to secure the submission of the people?' Confucius replied, 'Advance the upright and set aside the crooked, then the people will submit. Advance the crooked and set aside the upright, then the people will not submit.'
CHAP. XX. Chi K'ang asked how to cause the people to reverence their ruler, to be faithful to him, and to go on to nerve themselves to virtue. The Master said, 'Let him preside over them with gravity;-- then they will reverence him. Let him be filial and kind to all;-- then they will be faithful to him. Let him advance the good and teach the incompetent;-- then they will eagerly seek to be virtuous.'
CHAP. XXI. 1. Some one addressed Confucius, saying, 'Sir, why are you not engaged in the government?'
不為政。【二節】子曰、書云孝乎、惟孝友于兄弟、施於有政、是亦為政、奚其為為政。【廿二章】子曰、人而無信、不知其可也、大車無輗、小車無軏、其何以行之哉。【廿三章】【一節】子張問十世、可知也。【二節】子曰、殷因於夏禮、
2. The Master said, 'What does the Shu-ching say of filial piety?-- "You are filial, you discharge your brotherly duties. These qualities are displayed in government." This then also constitutes the
exercise of government. Why must there be THAT-- making one be in the government?'
CHAP. XXII. The Master said, 'I do not know how a man without truthfulness is to get on. How can a large carriage be made to go without the cross-bar for yoking the oxen to, or a small carriage without the arrangement for yoking the horses?'
CHAP. XXIII. 1. Tsze-chang asked whether the affairs of ten ages after could be known.
2. Confucius said, 'The Yin dynasty followed the regulations of the Hsia: wherein it took from or added to them may be known. The Chau dynasty has followed the regulations of Yin: wherein it took from or added to them may be known. Some other may follow the Chau, but though it should be at the distance of a hundred ages, its affairs may be known.'
所損益、可知也、周因於殷禮、所損益、可知也、其或繼周者、雖百世、可知也。【廿四章】【一節】子曰、非其鬼而祭之、諂也。【二節】見義不為、無勇也。
CHAP. XXIV. 1. The Master said, 'For a man to sacrifice to a spirit which does not belong to him is flattery.
2. 'To see what is right and not to do it is want of courage.'
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八佾第三
BOOK III. PA YIH.
【第一章】孔子謂季氏、八佾舞於庭、是可忍也、孰不可忍也。
CHAP. I. Confucius said of the head of the Chi family, who had eight rows of pantomimes in his area, 'If he can bear to do this, what may he not bear to do?'
【第二章】三家者、以雍徹。子曰、相維辟公、天子穆穆、奚取於三家之堂。【第三章】子曰、人而不仁、如禮何、人而不仁、如樂何。【第四章】【一節】林放問禮之本。【二節】子曰、大哉問。【三節】禮、與其奢也、寧
CHAP. II. The three families used the YUNG ode, while the vessels were being removed, at the conclusion of the sacrifice. The Master said, '"Assisting are the princes;-- the son of heaven looks profound and grave:"-- what application can these words have in the hall of the three families?'
CHAP. III. The Master said, 'If a man be without the virtues proper to humanity, what has he to do with the rites of propriety? If a man be without the virtues proper to humanity, what has he to do with music?'
CHAP. IV. 1. Lin Fang asked what was the first thing to be attended to in ceremonies.
2. The Master said, 'A great question indeed!
3. 'In festive ceremonies, it is better to be sparing than extravagant.
儉、喪、與其易也、寧戚。【第五章】子曰、夷狄之有君、不如諸夏之亡也。【第六章】季氏旅於泰山。子謂冉有曰、女弗能救與。對曰、不能。子曰、嗚呼、曾謂泰山、不如林放乎。In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow than a minute attention to observances.'
CHAP. V. The Master said, 'The rude tribes of the east and north have their princes, and are not like the States of our great land which are without them.'
CHAP. VI. The chief of the Chi family was about to sacrifice to the T'ai mountain. The Master said to Zan Yu, 'Can you not save him from this?' He answered, 'I cannot.' Confucius said, 'Alas! will you say that the T'ai mountain is not so discerning as Lin Fang?'
【第七章】子曰、君子無所爭、必也射乎、揖讓而升、下而飲、其爭也君子。【第八章】子夏問曰、巧笑倩兮、美目盼兮、素以為絢兮。何為也。【二節】子曰、繪事後素。【三節】曰、禮後乎。子曰、起予者商也、始可與言詩已矣。
CHAP. VII. The Master said, 'The student of virtue has no contentions. If it be said he cannot
avoid them, shall this be in archery? But he bows complaisantly to his competitors; thus he ascends the hall, descends, and exacts the forfeit of drinking. In his contention, he is still the Chun-tsze.'
CHAP. VIII. 1. Tsze-hsia asked, saying, 'What is the meaning of the passage-- "The pretty dimples of her artful smile! The well-defined black and white of her eye! The plain ground for the colours?"'
2. The Master said, 'The business of laying on the colours follows (the preparation of) the plain ground.'
3. 'Ceremonies then are a subsequent thing?' The Master said, 'It is Shang who can bring out my meaning. Now I can begin to talk about the odes with him.'
【第九章】子曰、夏禮吾能言之、杞不足徵也、殷禮吾能言之、宋不足徵也、文獻不足故也、足、則吾能徵之矣。【第十章】子曰、禘、自既灌而往者、吾不欲觀之矣。【十一章】或問禘之說。子曰、不知也、知其說者、之於天下也、其如示諸
CHAP. IX. The Master said, 'I could describe the ceremonies of the Hsia dynasty, but Chi cannot sufficiently attest my words. I could describe the ceremonies of the Yin dynasty, but Sung cannot sufficiently attest my words. (They cannot do so) because of the insufficiency of their records and wise men. If those were sufficient, I could adduce them in support of my words.'
CHAP. X. The Master said, 'At the great sacrifice, after the pouring out of the libation, I have no wish to look on.'
CHAP. XI. Some one asked the meaning of the great sacrifice. The Master said, 'I do not know. He who knew its meaning would find it as easy to govern the kingdom as to look on this;-- pointing to his palm.
斯乎。指其掌。【十二章】【一節】祭如在、祭神如神在。【二節】子曰、吾不與祭、如不祭。【一節】王孫賈問曰、與其媚於奧、寧媚於(zao4 上穴，中土，下黽)、何謂也。【二節】子曰、不然、獲罪於天、無所禱也。
CHAP. XII. 1. He sacrificed to the dead, as if they were present. He sacrificed to the spirits, as if the spirits were present.
2. The Master said, 'I consider my not being present at the sacrifice, as if I did not sacrifice.'
CHAP. XIII. 1. Wang-sun Chia asked, saying, 'What is the meaning of the saying, "It is better to pay court to the furnace than to the south-west corner?"'
2. The Master said, 'Not so. He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray.'
【十四章】子曰、周監於二代、郁郁乎文哉、吾從周。【十五章】子入大廟、每事問。或曰、孰謂鄹人之子知禮乎、入大廟、每事問。子聞之曰、是禮也。【十六章】子曰、射不主皮、為力不同科、古之道也。
CHAP. XIV. The Master said, 'Chau had the advantage of viewing the two past dynasties. How complete and elegant are its regulations! I follow Chau.'
CHAP. XV. The Master, when he entered the grand temple, asked about everything. Some one said, 'Who will say that the son of the man of Tsau knows the rules of propriety! He has entered the grand temple and asks about everything.' The Master heard the remark, and said, 'This is a rule of propriety.'
CHAP. XVI. The Master said, 'In archery it is not going through the leather which is the principal thing;-- because people's strength is not equal. This was the old way.'
【十七章】【一節】子貢欲去告朔之餼羊。【二節】子曰、賜也、爾愛其羊、我愛其禮。【十八章】子曰、事君盡禮、人以為諂也。【十九章】【一節】定公問君使臣、臣事君、如之何。孔子對曰、君使臣以禮、臣事君以忠。【二十章】子曰、關睢樂而不淫、哀而不傷。
CHAP. XVII. 1. Tsze-kung wished to do away with the offering of a sheep connected with the inauguration of the first day of each month.
2. The Master said, 'Ts'ze, you love the sheep; I love the ceremony.'
CHAP. XVII. The Master said, 'The full observance of the rules of propriety in serving one's prince is accounted by people to be flattery.'
CHAP. XIX. The Duke Ting asked how a prince should employ his ministers, and how ministers should serve their prince. Confucius replied, 'A prince should employ his minister according to according to the rules of propriety; ministers should serve their prince with faithfulness.'
CHAP. XX. The Master said, 'The Kwan Tsu is expressive of enjoyment without being licentious, and of grief without being hurtfully excessive.'
【廿一章】【一節】哀公問社於宰我。宰我對曰、夏后氏以松、殷人以柏、周人以栗、曰、使民戰栗。【二節】子聞之曰、成事不說、遂事不諫、既往不咎。【廿二章】【一節】子曰、管仲之器小哉。【二節】或曰、管仲儉乎。【三節】曰、管氏有三歸、
CHAP. XXI. 1. The Duke Ai asked Tsai Wo about the altars of the spirits of the land. Tsai Wo replied, 'The Hsia sovereign planted the pine tree about them; the men of the Yin planted the cypress; and the men of the Chau planted the chestnut tree, meaning thereby to cause the people to be in awe.'
2. When the Master heard it, he said, 'Things that are done, it is needless to speak about; things
that have had their course, it is needless to remonstrate about; things that are past, it is needless to blame.'
CHAP. XXII. 1. The Master said, 'Small indeed was the capacity of Kwan Chung!'
2. Some one said, 'Was Kwan Chung parsimonious?' 'Kwan,' was the reply, 'had the San Kwei, and his officers performed no double duties; how can he be considered parsimonious?'
3. 'Then, did Kwan Chung know the rules of propriety?' The
官事不攝、焉得儉。【四節】然則管仲知禮乎。【五節】曰、邦君樹塞門、管氏亦樹塞門、邦君為兩君之好、有反坫、管氏亦有反坫、管氏而知禮、孰不知禮。【廿三章】子語魯大師樂曰、樂其可知也、始作、翕如也、從之、純如也、繳如也、繹如也、以成。Master said, 'The princes of States have a screen intercepting the view at their gates. Kwan had likewise a screen at his gate. The princes of States on any friendly meeting between two of them, had a stand on which to place their inverted cups. Kwan had also such a stand. If Kwan knew the rules of propriety, who does not know them?'
CHAP. XXXII. The Master instructing the grand music- master of Lu said, 'How to play music may be known. At the commencement of the piece, all the parts should sound together. As it proceeds, they should be in harmony while severally distinct and flowing without break, and thus on to the conclusion.'
【廿四章】儀封人請見、曰、君子之至於斯也、吾未嘗不得見也。從者見之、出曰、二三子、何患於喪乎、天下之無道也久矣、天將以夫子為木鐸。【廿五章】子謂韶、盡美矣、又盡善也、謂武、盡美矣、未盡善也。【廿六章】子曰、居上不寬、為禮
CHAP. XXIV. The border warden at Yi requested to be introduced to the Master, saying, 'When men of superior virtue have come to this, I have never been denied the privilege of seeing them.' The followers of the sage introduced him, and when he came out from the interview, he said, 'My friends, why are you distressed by your master's loss of office? The kingdom has long been without the principles of truth and right; Heaven is going to use your master as a bell with its wooden tongue.'
CHAP. XXV. The Master said of the Shao that it was perfectly beautiful and also perfectly good. He said of the Wu that it was perfectly beautiful but not perfectly good.
CHAP. XXVI. The Master said, 'High station filled without indulgent generosity; ceremonies performed without reverence; mourning conducted without sorrow;-- wherewith should I contemplate such ways?'
不敬、臨喪不哀、吾何以觀之哉。
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里仁第四
BOOK IV. LE JIN.
【第一章】子曰、里仁為美、擇不處仁、焉得知。【第二章】子曰、不仁者、不可以久處約、不可以長處樂、仁者安仁、知者利仁。
CHAP. I. The Master said, 'It is virtuous manners which constitute the excellence of a neighborhood. If a man in selecting a residence, do not fix on one where such prevail, how can he be wise?'
CHAP. II. The Master said, 'Those who are without virtue cannot abide long either in a condition of poverty and hardship, or in a condition of enjoyment. The virtuous rest in virtue; the wise desire virtue.'
【第三章】子曰、惟仁者、能好人、能惡人。【第四章】子曰、苟志於仁矣、無惡也。【第五章】【一節】子曰、富與貴、是人之所欲也、不以其道得之、不處也。貧與賤、是人之所惡也、不以其道得之、不去也。【二節】君子去仁、惡乎成名。【三節】君子無終食之間
CHAP. III. The Master said, 'It is only the (truly) virtuous man, who can love, or who can hate, others.'
CHAP. IV. The Master said, 'If the will be set on virtue, there will be no practice of wickedness.'
CHAP. V. 1. The Master said, 'Riches and honours are what men desire. If it cannot be obtained in the proper way, they should not be held. Poverty and meanness are what men dislike. If it cannot be avoided in the proper way, they should not be avoided.
2. 'If a superior man abandon virtue, how can he fulfil the requirements of that name?
3. 'The superior man does not, even for the space of a single meal, act contrary to virtue. In moments of haste, he cleaves to it. In seasons of danger, he cleaves to it.'
違仁、造次必於是、顛沛必於是。【第六章】【一節】子曰、我未見好仁者、惡不仁者、好仁者、無以尚之、惡不仁者、其為仁矣、不使不仁者、加乎其身。【二節】有能一日用其力於仁矣乎、我未見力不足者。【三節】蓋有之矣、我未之見也。【第七章】子曰、人之過也、各於其黨、觀過、斯知仁矣。
CHAP. VI. 1. The Master said, 'I have not seen a person who loved virtue, or one who hated what was not virtuous. He who loved virtue, would esteem nothing above it. He who hated what is not virtuous, would practise virtue in such a way that he would not allow anything that is not virtuous to approach his person.
2. 'Is any one able for one day to apply his strength to virtue? I have not seen the case in which his strength would be insufficient.
3. 'Should there possibly be any such case, I have not seen it.'
CHAP. VII. The Master said, 'The faults of men are characteristic of the class to which they belong. By observing a man's faults, it may be known that he is virtuous.'
【第八章】子曰、朝聞道、夕死、可矣。【第八章】子曰、士志於道、而恥惡衣惡食者、未足與議也。【第十章】子曰、君子之於天下也、無適也、無莫也、義之與比。【十一章】子曰、君子懷德、小人懷土、君子懷刑、小
CHAP. VIII. The Master said, 'If a man in the morning hear the right way, he may die in the evening without regret.'
CHAP. IX. The Master said, 'A scholar, whose mind is set on truth, and who is ashamed of bad clothes and bad food, is not fit to be discoursed with.'
CHAP. X. The Master said, 'The superior man, in the world, does not set his mind either for anything, or against anything; what is right he will follow.'
CHAP. XI. The Master said, 'The superior man thinks of virtue; the small man thinks of comfort. The superior man thinks of the sanctions of law; the small man thinks of favours which he may
receive.'
人懷惠。【十二章】子曰、放於利而行、多怨。【十三章】子曰、能以禮讓為國乎、何有、不能以禮讓為國、如禮何。【十四章】子曰、不患無位、患所以立、不患莫己知、求為可知也。【十五章】【一節】子曰、參乎、吾道一以貫之。曾子曰、唯。【二節】子出、門人問
CHAP. XII. The Master said: 'He who acts with a constant view to his own advantage will be much murmured against.'
CHAP. XIII. The Master said, 'Is a prince is able to govern his kingdom with the complaisance proper to the rules of propriety, what difficulty will he have? If he cannot govern it with that complaisance, what has he to do with the rules of propriety?'
CHAP. XIV. The Master said, 'A man should say, I am not concerned that I have no place, I am concerned how I may fit myself for one. I am not concerned that I am not known, I seek to be worthy to be known.'
CHAP. XV. 1. The Master said, 'Shan, my doctrine is that of an all-pervading unity.' The disciple Tsang replied, 'Yes.'
2. The Master went out, and the other disciples asked, saying,
曰、何謂也。曾子曰、夫子之道、忠恕而已矣。【十六章】子曰、君子喻於義、小人喻於利。【十七章】子曰、見賢思齊焉、見不賢而內自省也。【十八章】子曰、事父母幾諫、見志不從、又敬'What do his words mean?' Tsang said, 'The doctrine of our master is to be true to the principles of our nature and the benevolent exercise of them to others,-- this and nothing more.'
CHAP. XVI. The Master said, 'The mind of the superior man is conversant with righteousness; the mind of the mean man is conversant with gain.'
CHAP. XVII. The Master said, 'When we see men of worth, we should think of equalling them; when we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves.'
CHAP. XVIII. The Master said, 'In serving his parents, a son may remonstrate with them, but gently; when he sees that they do not incline to follow his advice, he shows an increased degree of reverence, but does not abandon his purpose; and should they punish him, he does not allow himself to murmur.'
不違、勞而不怨。【十九章】子曰、父母在、不遠游、游必有方。【二十章】子曰、三年無改於父之道、可謂孝矣。【廿一章】子曰、父母之年、不可不知也、一則以喜、一則以懼。【廿二章】子曰、古者言之不出、恥躬之不逮也。【廿三章】子曰、以約、失之者鮮矣。
CHAP. XIX. The Master said, 'While his parents are alive, the son may not go abroad to a distance. If he does go abroad, he must have a fixed place to which he goes.'
CHAP. XX. The Master said, 'If the son for three years does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial.'
CHAP. XXI. The Master said, 'The years of parents may by no means not be kept in the memory, as an occasion at once for joy and for fear.'
CHAP. XXII. The Master said, 'The reason why the ancients did not readily give utterance to their words, was that they feared lest their actions should not come up to them.'
CHAP. XXIII. The Master said, 'The cautious seldom err.'
【廿四章】子曰、君子欲訥於言、而敏於行。【廿五章】子曰、德不孤、必有鄰。【廿六章】子游曰、事君數、斯辱矣、朋友數、斯疏矣。
CHAP. XXIV. The Master said, 'The superior man wishes to be slow in his speech and earnest in his conduct.'
CHAP. XXV. The Master said, 'Virtue is not left to stand alone. He who practises it will have neighbors.'
CHAP. XXVI. Tsze-yu said, 'In serving a prince, frequent remonstrances lead to disgrace. Between friends, frequent reproofs make the friendship distant.'
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公冶長第五
BOOK V. KUNG-YE CH'ANG.
【第一章】【一節】子謂公冶長、可妻也、雖在縲絏之中、非其罪也。以其子妻之。【二節】子謂南容、
CHAP. I. 1. The Master said of Kung-ye Ch'ang that he might be wived; although he was put in bonds, he had not been guilty of any crime. Accordingly, he gave him his own daughter to wife.
2. Of Nan Yung he said that if the country were well governed
邦有道不廢、邦無道免於刑戮。以其兄之子妻之。【第二章】子謂子賤、君子哉若人、魯無君子者、斯焉取斯。【第三章】子貢問曰、賜也何如。子曰、女器也。曰、何器也。曰、瑚璉也。he would not be out of office, and if it were ill-governed, he would escape punishment and disgrace. He gave him the daughter of his own elder brother to wife.
CHAP. II. The Master said of Tsze-chien, 'Of superior virtue indeed is such a man! If there were not virtuous men in Lu, how could this man have acquired this character?'
CHAP. III. Tsze-kung asked, 'What do you say of me, Ts'ze? The Master said, 'You are a utensil.' 'What utensil?' 'A gemmed sacrificial utensil.'
【第四章】【一節】或曰、雍也仁、而不佞。【二節】子曰、焉用佞、禦人以口給、屢憎於人、不知其仁、焉用佞。【第五章】子使漆雕開仕。對曰、吾斯之未能信。子說。【第六章】子曰、道不行、乘桴浮于海、從我者、
CHAP. IV. 1. Some one said, 'Yung is truly virtuous, but he is not ready with his tongue.'
2. The Master said, 'What is the good of being ready with the tongue? They who encounter men with smartnesses of speech for the most part procure themselves hatred. I know not whether he be truly virtuous, but why should he show readiness of the tongue?'
CHAP. V. The Master was wishing Ch'i-tiao K'ai to enter on official employment. He replied, 'I am not yet able to rest in the assurance of THIS.' The Master was pleased.
CHAP. VI. The Master said, 'My doctrines make no way. I will get upon a raft, and float about on the sea. He that will accompany me will be Yu, I dare say.' Tsze-lu hearing this was glad,
其由與。子路聞之喜。子曰、由也、好勇過我、無所取材。【第七章】【一節】孟武伯問子路
仁乎。子曰、不知也。【二節】又問。子曰、由也、千乘之國、可使治其賦也、不知其仁也。【三節】求也何如。子曰、求也、千室之邑、百乘之家、可使為之宰也、不知其仁也。【四節】赤也何如。子曰、赤也、束帶立於朝、可使與賓客言也、不知其仁也。upon which the Master said, 'Yu is fonder of daring than I am. He does not exercise his judgment upon matters.'
CHAP. VII. 1. Mang Wu asked about Tsze-lu, whether he was perfectly virtuous. The Master said, 'I do not know.'
2. He asked again, when the Master replied, 'In a kingdom of a thousand chariots, Yu might be employed to manage the military levies, but I do not know whether he be perfectly virtuous.'
3. 'And what do you say of Ch'iu?' The Master replied, 'In a city of a thousand families, or a clan of a hundred chariots, Ch'iu might be employed as governor, but I do not know whether he is perfectly virtuous.'
4. 'What do you say of Ch'ih?' The Master replied, 'With his sash girt and standing in a court, Ch'ih might be employed to converse with the visitors and guests, but I do not know whether he is perfectly virtuous.'
【第八章】【一節】子謂子貢曰、女與回也、孰愈。【二節】對曰、賜也、何敢望回、回也、聞一以知十、賜也、聞一以知二。【三節】子曰、弗如也、吾與女、弗如也。【第九章】宰予晝寢。子曰、朽木不可雕也、糞土之牆、不可朽也、於予與何誅。【二節】子曰、始吾於人也、聽其言而信其行、今吾於人也、
CHAP. VIII. 1. The Master said to Tsze-kung, 'Which do you consider superior, yourself or Hui?'
2. Tsze-kung replied, 'How dare I compare myself with Hui? Hui hears one point and knows all about a subject; I hear one point, and know a second.'
3. The Master said, 'You are not equal to him. I grant you, you are not equal to him.'
CHAP. IX. 1. Tsai Yu being asleep during the daytime, the Master said, 'Rotten wood cannot be carved; a wall of dirty earth will not receive the trowel. This Yu!-- what is the use of my reproving him?'
2. The Master said, 'At first, my way with men was to hear their words, and give them credit for their conduct. Now my way is to hear their words, and look at their conduct. It is from Yu that I have learned to make this change.'
聽其言而觀其行、於予與改是。【第十章】子曰、吾未見剛者。或對曰、申棖。子曰、棖也慾、焉得剛。【十一章】子貢曰、我不欲人之加諸我也、吾亦欲無加諸人。子曰、賜也、非爾所及也。【十二章】子貢曰、夫子之文章、
CHAP. X. The Master said, 'I have not seen a firm and unbending man.' Some one replied, 'There
is Shan Ch'ang.' 'Ch'ang,' said the Master, 'is under the influence of his passions; how can he be pronounced firm and unbending?'
CHAP. XI. Tsze-kung said, 'What I do not wish men to do to me, I also wish not to do to men.' The Master said, 'Ts'ze, you have not attained to that.'
CHAP. XII. Tsze-kung said, 'The Master's personal displays of his principles and ordinary descriptions of them may be heard. His discourses about man's nature, and the way of Heaven, cannot be heard.'
可得而聞也、夫子之言性與天道、不可得而聞也。【十三章】子路有聞、未之能行、唯恐有聞。【十四章】子貢問曰、孔文子、何以謂之文也。子曰、敏而好學、不恥下問、是以謂之文也。【十五章】子謂子產、有君子之道四焉、其行己也恭、其事上也敬、其養民也惠、其使民
CHAP. XIII. When Tsze-lu heard anything, if he had not yet succeeded in carrying it into practice, he was only afraid lest he should hear something else.
CHAP. XIV. Tsze-kung asked, saying, 'On what ground did Kung-wan get that title of Wan?' The Master said, 'He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors!-- On these grounds he has been styled Wan.'
CHAP. XV. The Master said of Tsze-ch'an that he had four of the characteristics of a superior man:-- in his conduct of himself, he was humble; in serving his superiors, he was respectful; in nourishing the people, he was kind; in ordering the people, he was just.'
也義。【十六章】子曰、晏平仲善與人交、久而敬之。【十七章】子曰、藏文仲、居蔡、山節藻梲、何如其知也。【十八章】【一節】子張問曰、令尹子文三仕為令尹、無喜色、三已之、無慍色。舊令尹之政、必以告新令尹、何如。子曰、忠矣。曰、仁矣乎。曰、
CHAP. XVI. The Master said, 'Yen P'ing knew well how to maintain friendly intercourse. The acquaintance might be long, but he showed the same respect as at first.'
CHAP. XVII. The Master said, 'Tsang Wan kept a large tortoise in a house, on the capitals of the pillars of which he had hills made, and with representations of duckweed on the small pillars above the beams supporting the rafters.-- Of what sort was his wisdom?'
CHAP. XVIII. 1. Tsze-chang asked, saying, 'The minister Tsze-wan thrice took office, and manifested no joy in his countenance. Thrice he retired from office, and manifested no displeasure. He made it a point to inform the new minister of the way in which he had conducted the government;-- what do you say of him?' The Master replied. 'He was loyal.' 'Was he perfectly virtuous?' 'I do not know. How can he be pronounced perfectly virtuous?'
未知、焉得仁。【二節】崔子弒齊君、陳文子有馬十乘、棄而違之。至於他邦、則曰、猶吾
大夫崔子也、違之、之一邦、則又曰、猶吾大夫崔子也、違之、何如。子曰、清矣。曰、仁矣乎。曰、未知、焉得仁。【十九章】季文子三思而後行。子聞之曰、再、斯可矣。【二十章】子曰、甯武子、邦有道、則
2. Tsze-chang proceeded, 'When the officer Ch'ui killed the prince of Ch'i, Ch'an Wan, though he was the owner of forty horses, abandoned them and left the country. Coming to another State, he said, "They are here like our great officer, Ch'ui," and left it. He came to a second State, and with the same observation left it also;-- what do you say of him?' The Master replied, 'He was pure.' 'Was he perfectly virtuous?' 'I do not know. How can he be pronounced perfectly virtuous?'
CHAP. XIX. Chi Wan thought thrice, and then acted. When the Master was informed of it, he said, 'Twice may do.'
CHAP. XX. The Master said, 'When good order prevailed in his country, Ning Wu acted the part of a wise man. When his country was in disorder, he acted the part of a stupid man. Others may equal his wisdom, but they cannot equal his stupidity.'
知、邦無道、則愚、其知可及也、其愚不可及也。【廿一章】子在陳曰、歸與歸與、吾黨之小子狂簡、斐然成章、不知所以裁之。【廿二章】子曰、伯夷叔齊、不念舊惡、怨是用希。【廿三章】子曰、孰謂微生高
CHAP. XXI. When the Master was in Ch'an, he said, 'Let me return! Let me return! The little children of my school are ambitious and too hasty. They are accomplished and complete so far, but they do not know how to restrict and shape themselves.'
CHAP. XXII. The Master said, 'Po-i and Shu-ch'i did not keep the former wickednesses of men in mind, and hence the resentments directed towards them were few.'
CHAP. XXIII. The Master said, 'Who says of Wei-shang Kao
直、或乞醃焉、乞諸鄰而與之。【廿四章】子曰、巧言令色、足恭、左丘明恥之、丘亦恥之、匿怨而友其人、左丘明恥之、丘亦恥之。【一節】顏淵季路侍。子曰、盍各言爾志。【二節】子路曰、願車馬、衣輕裘、與朋友共、蔽之而無憾。【三節】顏淵曰、願無that he is upright? One begged some vinegar of him, and he begged it of a neighbor and gave it to the man.'
CHAP. XXIV. The Master said, 'Fine words, an insinuating appearance, and excessive respect;-- Tso Ch'iu-ming was ashamed of them. I also am ashamed of them. To conceal resentment against a person, and appear friendly with him;-- Tso Ch'iu-ming was ashamed of such conduct. I also am ashamed of it.'
CHAP. XXV. 1. Yen Yuan and Chi Lu being by his side, the Master said to them, 'Come, let each of you tell his wishes.'
2. Tsze-lu said, 'I should like, having chariots and horses, and light fur dresses, to share them with