2020届北京市海淀区高三一模英语试题解析

海淀区高三年级第二学期期中练习

英语试题

本试卷共10页，120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用(共两节，45分)

第一节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

At 8, 1 started taking art lessons ___1___ (improve) my painting skills. However, later, I found that I focused too much on mastering different techniques. Eventually, I became more distressed when my expectations weren't matched.

So, in the 11th Grade, I returned to the basics. On ___2___ sketchbook I forced myself to draw whatever interested me. Over time, I have been released from the tight control. I have learned that a good painting is not about having perfect technique. In fact, all I need to do is trust my ___3___ (create) talents and find moments of joy in life. 【答案】1. to improve

2. a

3. creative

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者小时候太专注于绘画技巧，画技却未提高让作者很痛苦，在11年级时，作者画自己喜欢的东西，这让作者明白要相信自己的创造性天赋和找寻生活中快乐的时刻。

【1题详解】

考查动词不定式。分析语境可知，此处表目，意为“为了”，所以用动词不定式（to do）。故填to improve。【2题详解】

考查冠词。分析语境可知，此处指“在一本素描本上”，表泛指，用不定冠词a。故填a。

【3题详解】

考查形容词。名词talents需要形容词修饰，所以此空用形容词。故填creative。

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

In recent years, trampolining (蹦床) has become a new craze among Chinese youths. Short videos ___4___

(show) people's excitement about jumping back and forth on the colourful trampolines are regularly uploaded to social media. Most videos feature teenagers, but adults too have jumped on the trend, hoping to relive their childhood.

Compared with soccer, basketball, tennis or any other competitive sports, ___5___ various injuries occur from time to time, trampolining is relatively ___6___ (safe). However, preparation and safety always come first. You must do warm-up exercises before playing and you can't lose concentration during the movements.

【答案】4. showing

5. where

6. safer

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，蹦床运动在中国青少年中很受欢迎，但在玩蹦床时还是要提前热身并注意安全。

【4题详解】

考查现在分词。此句已有谓语are regularly uploaded且无连词，此空用非谓语动词，名词短语Short videos 和动词show是逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词（doing）表主动做名词Short videos的后置定语。故填showing。

【5题详解】

考查定语从句关系词。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是any other competitive sports，指地点，在从句中做状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。

【6题详解】

考查比较级。由语境可知，此处指蹦床与足球、篮球、网球或任何其他经常发生各种伤害的竞技运动相比，它相对地更安全，所以用形容词比较级。故填safer。

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A news report shows that China's urban pet consumer market ___7___ (expect) to break through the 200 billion yuan threshold this year. Young people in big cities are the main contributors.

Nowadays, with the cost of living rising, young people ___8___ (suffer) from greater loneliness and pressure. They are busy working all day in a competitive environment, leaving little time for fun and friends. That may explain ___9___ more and more young people are choosing to keep pets ___10___ companionship. Apart from relieving loneliness, many scientific studies have shown that keeping a pet reduces stress and may even improve overall health.

【答案】7. is expected

8. are suffering

9. why 10. for

【解析】

这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，因为孤独、压力和没时间交朋友，中国年轻人养宠的越来越多，养宠可以排解孤独、减轻压力和改善健康状况。

【7题详解】

考查时态和语态。此处缺乏谓语动词，讲的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语China's urban pet consumer market（单数）和动词expect是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，be expected to do意为“被期望做……”故填is expected。

【8题详解】

考查时态。此处缺乏谓语动词，由Nowadays和语境可知，此处指中国年轻人正在承受着更大的孤独和压力，所以用现在进行时（am/is/are doing），表“正在……”，主语young people是复数。故填are suffering。【9题详解】

考查宾语从句引导词。explain后面接了一个宾语从句，由语境可知，此处指原因，所以用引导词why。故填why。

【10题详解】

考查介词。由语境可知，此处指“为了陪伴”，表目的，所以用介词for。故填for。

第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题L 5分，共30分)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

I was 11 when I asked my mum for piano lessons. We were in an economic crisis and she'd recently been

___11___ off. She said a polite “no”.

That didn't ___12___ me. I drew a keyboard onto a piece of paper and stuck it on my desk. I would ___13___ notes on an online keyboard and “play” them back on my paper one — keeping the sound they made on the computer in my head. I spent six months playing without ___14___ a real piano. As my mum found I was ___15___ about it, she bought me 10 lessons with borrowed money.

I still remember the first one. I was ___16___ by how organic the sound of the piano was, as I had become familiar with the ___17___ electronic sound. The teacher was trying to explain where middle C was, but I could ___18___ play all the major and minor scales.

I ___19___ my grade one after eight lessons and got distinction. By the time I started secondary school, we

couldn't ____20____ lessons again, so I returned to my paper keyboard. I passed grade three, then grade five, practising only on my piece of paper.

For the grades above that, there was an ____21____ that you add a certain sensitivity into your playing. The music teacher at my school said I could practise on the school's grand piano. I would wake up at 5:30 am to get there in time and play until lessons started. I'd ____22____ lunch and then practise after school until the caretaker kicked me out. At home, I'd have dinner, do three hours of revision, and then ____23____ practice until 1:00 am.

My school didn't offer music A-level. I found the Purcell School for young musicians. The audition （试镜）was extremely ____24____ and I felt overwhelmed. To my amazement, I was offered a ____25____.

I had been told I had started playing too ____26____ to reach conservatoire （音乐学院）level but when I left Purcell, I was awarded the senior piano prize. That was the point when I realized I wasn't behind everyone else. I am now at the Guildhall School in London, where I was offered a scholarship. I feel ____27____: it’s been 10 years since I drew my paper piano and I'm at one of the world's ____28____ conservatoires.

The irony is that I continue to do a lot of my practice away from the piano: what we call mental practice. It

____29____ key areas of the mind that are less readily accessed by piano playing alone. The paper piano helped stimulate my ____30____ about how music works.

11. A. laid B. pushed C. dropped D. knocked

12. A. annoy B. bother C. embarrass D. discourage

13. A. take B. sign C. click D. compose

14. A. seeing B. touching C. enjoying D. choosing

15. A. serious B. careful C. hesitant D. nervous

16. A. struck B. puzzled C. comforted D. inspired

17. A. natural B. artificial C. practical D. magical

18 A. only B. still C. hardly D. already

19. A. sat B. joined C. failed D. repeated

20. A. offer B. teach C. afford D. observe

21. A. attitude B. expectation C. opinion D. opportunity

22. A. avoid B. miss C. save D. skip

23. A. social B. mental C. mechanical D. physical

24. A. fascinating B. motivating C. frightening D. challenging

25. A. course B. reward C. place D. certificate

26. A. soon B. late C. hurriedly D. suddenly

27. A. proud B. lucky C. ambitious D. grateful

28. A. grand B. strict C. leading D. expensive

29. A. builds B. covers C. defines D. unlocks

30. A. prediction B. memory C. curiosity D. imagination

【答案】11. A 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. C

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者因家中经济困难买不起也学不起钢琴，就自己画纸钢琴练习，加上精神练习，作者自学成才，获得了高级钢琴奖和高级学术音乐奖，现在身处一所世界领先音乐学院。

【11题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们正处于经济危机中，她最近被解雇了。A. laid放置；B. pushed推开；C. dropped 掉落；D. knocked敲。由前文的We were in an economic crisis和后文的She said a polite “no"，可知妈妈因经济危机被解雇了才说“不”，lay off意为“解雇”。故选A项。

【12题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：这并没有使我泄气。A. annoy使恼怒；B. bother打扰；C. embarrass使尴尬；D. discourage使泄气。由后文的I drew a keyboard onto a piece of paper可知，作者在纸上画钢琴键盘学习钢琴，说明作者没泄气。故选D项。

【13题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会点击在线钢琴键盘上的音符，然后把它们“播放”回我的纸上——把它们在电脑上发出的声音留在我的脑子里。A. take拿走；B. sign签名；C. click点击；D. compose作曲。由on an online keyboard可知，网上在线钢琴键盘是要点击才能播放的。故选C项。

【14题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：我花了六个月的时间弹钢琴，没有碰过真正的钢琴。A. seeing看见；B. touching 触摸；C. enjoying欣赏；D. choosing选择。由上文可知，作者一直在纸钢琴上学钢琴，说明作者没有触摸过真正的钢琴。故选B项。

【15题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为我妈妈发现我是认真的，她借了钱给我买了10节课。A. serious认真的、严肃的；B. careful仔细的；C. hesitant犹豫的；D. nervous紧张的。由上文可知，作者在没有触摸钢琴的情况下，学习钢琴6个月，说明作者对学钢琴是认真的，be serious about意为“对……是认真的”。故选A项。【16题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：我被钢琴声音的有机性所打动，因为我已经熟悉了人造电子声音。A. struck打

动、打击；B. puzzled使困惑；C. comforted安慰；D. inspired激励。由后文可知，作者已经习惯钢琴的人造电子音，所以听到真正的钢琴声，被它的有机性所打动。故选A项。

【17题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我被钢琴声音的有机性所打动，因为我已经熟悉了人造电子声音。A. natural 自然的；B. artificial人造的；C. practical实际的；D. magical神奇的。由上文可知，作者通过把在线钢琴键盘上的声音“播放”回纸上并记在脑子里，说明作者是用人造电子音学习的，作者习惯人造电子音。故选B 项。

【18题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：老师试图解释C中音在哪里，但我已经可以弹奏所有的大调和小调了。A. only 仅仅；B. still仍然；C. hardly几乎不；D. already已经。由语境可知，but表转折，老师试图解释C中音在哪里是，作者已经可以弹奏所有的大调和小调了。故选D项。

【19题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：八节课后，我坐在一年级，并获得了优异成绩。A. sat坐下；B. joined加入；

C. failed失败；

D. repeated重复。由后文的got distinction可知，作者坐在了一年级班上并成绩优异。故选A 项。

【20题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我上中学的时候，我们再也上不起课了，所以我回到了我的纸钢琴键盘。A. offer 提供；B. teach教育；C. afford承担得起、买得起；D. observe观察。由后文的so I returned to my paper keyboard 可知，作者承担不起钢琴课了，所以又用纸钢琴键盘学习。故选C项。

【21题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于以上的成绩，有一个期望，就是你增加了一定的敏感性到你的演奏中。A. attitude态度；B. expectation期望；C. opinion观点；D. opportunity机会。由语境可知，作者一直通过纸钢琴键盘学习钢琴获得了以上的成绩，但纸上练习不比实际练习，所以作者期望纸上练习带来的敏感性能加进演奏中。故选B项。

【22题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：我略过午饭，放学后再练习，直到管理员把我踢出去。A. avoid避免；B. miss 想念；C. save节约；D. skip跳过、略过、不参加。由语境可知，作者略过午饭，省下时间在学校练习钢琴。故选D项。

【23题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在家里，我会吃晚饭，做三个小时的复习，然后一直精神练习到凌晨一点。

A. social社会的；

B. mental精神的；

C. mechanical机械的；

D. physical物理的。由上文可知，作者只能在

学校练习钢琴一会儿，回家了没钢琴只能在脑中练习（精神练习），最后一段中提及了mental practice。故选B项。

【24题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：试镜非常有挑战性，我感到不知所措。A. fascinating迷人的；B. motivating 激励的；C. frightening可怕的；D. challenging挑战性的。由后文的I felt overwhelmed可知，试镜很具挑战性。故选D项。

【25题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，有人给了我一个位置。A. course课程；B. reward奖品；C. place 位置；D. certificate证书。由To my amazement可知，作者通过了试镜并获得了Purcell School的一个位置。故选C项。

【26题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：有人告诉我，我开始演奏已经太晚了，无法达到音乐学院的水平，但当我离开Purcell School时，我获得了高级钢琴奖。A. soon很快；B. late晚；C. hurriedly匆忙地；D. suddenly突然地。由上文语境可知，作者多数是用纸钢琴键盘和精神练习来学习钢琴，可知作者很晚开始钢琴演奏，所以很难达到音乐学院的水平。故选B项。

【27题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到自豪：自从我画纸钢琴键盘以来，已经10年了，并且我身在一所世界上最顶尖的音乐学院。A. proud自豪的；B. lucky幸运的；C. ambitious有志向的；D. grateful感激的。由语境可知，作者在伦敦Guildhall School（一所世界上最顶尖的音乐学院）并获得了奖学金，可知作者感到自豪。故选A项。

【28题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到自豪：自从我画纸钢琴键盘以来，已经10年了，并且我身在一所世界上最顶尖的音乐学院。A. grand宏伟的；B. strict严格的；C. leading一流的、领先的；D. expensive昂贵的。由语境可知，伦敦Guildhall School是世界上最顶尖的音乐学院之一。故选C项。

【29题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：它揭开了大脑中不太容易被钢琴单独演奏所触及的关键区域。A. builds建立；

B. covers覆盖；

C. defines定义；

D. unlocks揭开、解锁。由语境可知，作者通过不触摸钢琴练习，在脑中练习，即精神练习，揭开了钢琴独奏不能触及的大脑关键区域。故选D项。

【30题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：纸钢琴激发了我对音乐如何工作的好奇心。A. prediction预料；B. memory记忆；

C. curiosity好奇心；

D. imagination想象。由语境可知，作者早期通过纸钢琴和精神练习来学习钢琴，没有

真正钢琴来练习，会让作者对音乐如何工作产生好奇心。故选C项。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

A

What are some of your favourite memories of the University?

In preparation for each 50th reunion, members of the milestone class are asked to recall campus memories for an annual Memory Book.

Here's a small selection of some memories from the Class of 1969.

Phyllis Jo Baunach

“...I cannot forget the endless hours studying, researching, and learning in the middle of the musty books in the stacks. We did everything by hand! But the joys of ideas coming to life and understanding thorny concepts are priceless.

Additionally, I cannot forget the joyful hours of Co-Kast rehearsals for student-written-and- directed plays, and the thrill of audiences’ responses to our efforts. Nor will I ever forget taking voice lessons at the Eastman School of Music. This course gave me confidence t o try new musical approaches and to think on my feet.”

Paul Boehm

“... many sweet and lasting memories—five feet of deep snow, getting stranded on the Thruway, music at Hylie Morris's Alley, and, of course, I met my wife of 48 years, Ellen Blazer Boehm from the Class of 1972, when she was a freshman and I was a senior. As a five-year chemical engineering major, I had one elective to spare, and Ellen said, “How about oceanography?” So, I enrolled in oceanography with Dr. Taro Takahashi（the famous climate scientist）, which awakened my environmental justices, and changed my professional direction.”

Farel Vella McClure

“...I truly loved my four undergraduate years at the University of Rochester. In fact, I loved it so much that I stayed an extra year to get a master's degree! I was very fortunate to have been totally immersed in student life on campus. My memories include campaigning and winning a seat on the student government during my freshman year. Other memories include the Susan B. Anthony banquet, and sleeping in the comfy chairs in the library. I was also privileged to be selected as a student representative on the design team for the new Wilson Commons. I. M. Pei, the famous architect who designed the Louvre Pyramid, was the architect for Wilson Commons. We even visited his offices in New York to see the “master” at work.”

31. According to the passage, Paul Boehm ______.

A. married Ellen Blazer in 1972

B. disliked his major in university

C. became a famous climate scientist later

D. discovered his interest in environmental science

32. What can we learn about Farel Vella McClure?

A. She was a world-famous designer.

B. She was active in school activities.

C. She had a hard time getting her master's.

D. She once met I. M. Pei at the Louvre Pyramid.

33. The three people all talked about ______.

A. their beloved professors

B. their great friendship

C. their learning experiences

D. their beautiful campus

【答案】31. D 32. B 33. C

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，里程碑班的3位成员回忆自己最喜欢的校园记忆是什么。

【31题详解】

细节理解题。由题干关键词Paul Boehm可将答案定位于倒数第二段。由倒数第二段中的“So, I enrolled in oceanography with Dr. Taro Takahashi （the famous climate scientist）, which awakened my environmental justices, and changed my professional direction.”（所以，我和著名的气候科学家高桥太郎博士一起注册了海洋学，这唤醒了我对环境正义的兴趣，改变了我的专业方向。），可知Paul Boehm发现了他对海洋科学的兴趣。故选D项。

【32题详解】

推理判断题。由最后一段中的“My memories include campaigning and winning a seat on the student government during my freshman year. Other memories include the Susan B. Anthony banquet, and sleeping in the comfy chairs in the library. I was also privileged to be selected as a student representative on the design team for the new Wilson Commons.”（我的记忆包括在大一时竞选和赢得学生会席位。其它记忆包括Susan B. Anthony宴会和睡在图书馆舒适的椅子上。我也很荣幸被选为新威尔逊公地设计团队的学生代表。），可推断出她在学校活动中很积极。故选B项。

【33题详解】

推理判断题。由第二段“Here's a small selection of some memories from the Class of 1969.”（这里有一些1969届学生的记忆。），第三段中的“...I cannot forget the endless hours studying, researching, and learning in the middle of the musty books in the stacks.”（……我无法忘记在书堆里发霉的书中间没完没了地学习、研究和学习。），倒数第二段中的“So, I enrolled in oceanography with Dr. Taro Takahashi （the famous climate scientist）, which awakened my environmental justices, and changed my professional direction.”（所以，我和著名的气候科学家高桥太郎博士一起注册了海洋学，这唤醒了我对环境正义的兴趣，改变了我的专业方向。）和最后一段中的“...I truly loved my four undergraduate years at the University of Rochester.”（……我真的很喜欢我在罗切斯特大学的四年本科生活。），可推断出3个人都在讲他们大学的学习经历。故选C项。

【点睛】在高考中，细节理解题为频繁常考题型，集中考查文中细节。在做此类题型时，同学们可以先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅技巧迅速在文中找到这一细节，把这部分内容仔细读一遍，比较所给选项与文中细节的细微差别。如在第1小题中，分析问题，得到关键词Paul Boehm，迅速定位到倒数第二段下，找到句子“So, I enrolled in oceanography with Dr. Taro Takahashi （the famous climate scientist）, which awakened my environmental justices, and changed my professional direction.”可知，可知Paul Boehm发现了他对海洋科学的兴趣。故选D项。

B

Early February, I was flying up to Ohio. Well prepared, I had everything in my favour—fuel for five hours, charts in order, my flight plan on my lap, and a beautiful clear sky.

I was wrong.

I had heard about Alberta Clippers coming out of Canada. I knew all about them―how an entire air mass was streaming along at over sixty miles an hour.

That morning, the Weather Briefer informed me that an Alberta Clipper was going over Chicago about the time I got to the airport. Chicago was some 400 miles from my destination—not a factor, or so I thought. That was the first hint I missed.

The controller called and asked if I wanted to adjust my flight plan. I did the check and everything was in the green. So I told him no. Twenty minutes later the controller called again asking whether I wanted to adjust my flight plan. I checked everything. All was fine. I ignored that hint. I was fooled by the smooth air and limited experience with a rapidly moving air mass that was not changing violently. The Alberta Clipper was clipping along.

The first blast of turbulence（气流）struck my plane. I got slammed into the roof, and then slammed sideways hitting the window with such force up my nose that I started bleeding.

After a 2-hour flight of 100 miles, I realized fuel was now an issue. So was landing. I called Flight Following. We figured out the airport I could land.

The engine stopped. So did my heart. There is no quiet as quietly stunning as this one at such an altitude. I had run out of fuel in the left tank, and only a little in my right tank. The engine quit for a second time. I declared an emergency. I was told that I might get another few minutes of fuel if I gently banked the airplane. Luckily, it worked. Then, the engine quit for the last time. I was a glider now. I made a long lazy spiral descent. Down I went. I stopped at the very end of the runway.

I made so many mistakes, missed so many clues, and showed my ignorance so much that I beat myself up over and over again in my mind. I learned textbook descriptions of Alberta Clippers and real-life experience with one are totally different. I will never forget the sound of that silence.

I flew home the next day Older. Wiser. Humbler. Lucky.

34. We can know from the passage that Alberta Clippers ______.

A. can bring snowstorms

B. are quick-moving air masses

C. are violently changing air pressure

D. can lead to a sudden temperature drop

35. What mainly led to the author's missing all the hints?

A. His lack of flying experience.

B. His poor preparation for the journey.

C. His misjudgement about the air mass.

D. His overconfidence in his piloting skills.

36. Which is the right order of the events?

a. I declared an emergency.

b. My airplane was running out of fuel.

c. I insisted on carrying on my flight plan.

d. I was thrown to the roof by the violent air mass.

e. I slightly banked my airplane and made a landing.

A. dcbea

B. dceba

C. cdabe

D. cdbae

37. The passage describes ______.

A. a rewarding training

B. a narrow escape

C. a painful exploration

D. a serious accident

【答案】34. B 35. C 36. D 37. B

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者在糟糕的天气条件下，坚持飞行，错估天气状况，又遭遇飞机没油和飞机引擎不转，经历了一次死里逃生的飞行经历。

【34题详解】

细节理解题。由第三段中的“I had heard about Alberta Clippers coming out of Canada. I knew all about them―how an entire air mass was streaming along at over sixty miles an hour.”（我听说Alberta Clippers从加拿大来了。我对它们了如指掌——整个空气团以每小时60英里的速度流动。），可知Alberta Clippers是快速移动的气团。故选B项。

【35题详解】

细节理解题。由第五段中的“I ignored that hint. I was fooled by the smooth air and limited experience with a rapidly moving air mass that was not changing violently.”（我忽略了这个暗示。我被平稳的空气和有限的经验愚弄了，认为快速移动的空气团没有剧烈的变化。），可知是作者对气团的错误判断使他忽略了暗示。故选C项。

【36题详解】

细节理解题。按事件顺序，c——第五段中的“So I told him no.”（所以我告诉不调整飞行计划。），d——第六段中的“I got slammed into the roof, and then slammed sideways hitting the window with such force up my nose that I started bleeding.”（我被摔在顶上，然后侧身撞在窗户上，鼻子上的力量太大，我开始流血。），b——倒数第三段中的“I had run out of fuel in the left tank, and only a little in my right tank.”（我的左油箱没油了，而我的右油箱只有一点油。），a——倒数第三段中的“I declared an emergency.”（我宣布了紧急情况。），e——倒数第三段中的“I was told that I might get another few minutes of fuel if I gently banked the airplane. Luckily, it worked.”（有人告诉我，如果我轻轻地把飞机倾斜起来，我可能再得到几分钟的燃油。幸运的是，它成功了。）及“I stopped at the very end of the runway.”（我在跑道的尽头停了下来。），可知事件的正确顺序为cdbae。故选D项。

【37题详解】

主旨大意题。由第六段中的“The first blast of turbulence（气流）struck my plane. I got slammed into the roof, and then slammed sideways hitting the window with such force up my nose that I started bleeding.”（我的飞机受到了第一次气流的冲击。我被摔在顶上，然后侧身撞在窗户上，鼻子上的力量太大，我开始流血。），倒数第三段中的“I had run out of fuel in the left tank, and only a little in my right tank. The engine quit for a second time. I declared an emergency.”（我的左油箱没油了，而我的右油箱只有一点油。发动机又一次熄火了。我宣布了紧急情况。）及“I stopped at the very end of the runway.”（我在跑道的尽头停了下来。），和最后一段“I flew home the next day. Older. Wiser. Humbler. Lucky.”（第二天我就飞回家了。年纪大了。要更聪明的，更谦卑。真幸

运。），可知文章讲的是死里逃生的一次飞行经历。故选B项。

C

There is certainly evidence that actors experience a blending of their real self with their assumed characters. For instance, Benedict Cumberbatch said, “My mum says I'm much more impatient with her when I'm filming Sherlock.”

Mark Seton, a researcher at the University of Sydney, has even coined the term “post-dramatic stress disorder” to describe the lasting effects experienced by actors who lose themselves in a role. “Actors may often prolong habits of the characters they have embodied,” he writes.

A recent finding doesn't involve acting, and it indicates that merely spending some time thinking about another person seemed to rub off on the volunteers’ sense of self led by Meghan Meyer at Princeton University. Across several studies, these researchers asked volunteers to first rate their own personalities, memories or physical attributes, and then to perform the same task from the perspective of another person. For instance, they might score the emotionality of various personal memories, and then rate how a friend or relative would have experienced those same events.

After taking the perspective of another, the volunteers scored themselves once again: the consistent finding was that their self-knowledge was now changed—their self-scores had shifted to become more similar to those they'd give n for someone else. For instance, if they had initially said the trait term “confident” was only moderately related to themselves and then rated the term as being strongly related to a friend's personality, when they came to rescore themselves, they now tended to see themselves as more confident. Remarkably, this morphing of the self with another was still apparent even if a 24-hour gap was left between taking someone else's perspective and re-rating oneself.

“By simply thinking about another person, we may adapt our self to take the shape of that person” said Meyer and her colleagues. That our sense of self should have this quality might be a little discouraging, especially for anyone who has struggled to establish a firm sense of identity. Yet there is an optimistic message here, too. The challenge of improving ourselves—or at least seeing ourselves in a more positive light—might be a little easier than we thought. By roleplaying or acting out the kind of person we would like to become, or merely by thinking about and spending time with people who embody the kind of attributes we would like to see in ourselves, we can find that our sense of self changes in desirable ways.

“As each of us chooses who to befriend, who to model, and who to ignore” write Meyer an d her colleagues, “we must make these decisions aware of how they shape not only the fabric of our social networks, but even our sense of who we are.”

38. The first two paragraphs mainly ______.

A. state that acting requires skills

B. explain the stress that an actor faces

C. show that a role leaves a mark on the actor

D. stress the importance of devoting oneself to a role

39. What does the underlined phrase “rub off on” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Influence.

B. Strengthen.

C. Confuse.

D. Determine.

40. According to the study, taking the perspective of another person ______.

A. brings changes to one's self-knowledge

B. motivates one to better understand himself

C. helps people deal with their identity problems

D. produces temporary effects on one's character

41. What is the significance of the study?

A. It offers instructions on making friends.

B. It proposes a means to improve ourselves.

C. It gives advice on adjusting one's emotions.

D. It presents a way to deal with stress disorder.

【答案】38. C 39. A 40. A 41. B

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章以演员们的“戏剧后应激障碍”为导入，以科学研究为基础，讲述了角色扮演对个人自我意识和行为的影响和塑造，通过对自我意识的积极的影响，人们能提升自己。

【38题详解】

主旨大意题。由第一段中的“There is certainly evidence that actors experience a blending of their real self with their assumed characters.”（当然有证据表明演员们经历了真实的自我和他们假想的角色的融合。）和第二段中的“Actors may often prolong habits of the characters they have embodied”（演员经常会延长他们所塑造的角色的习惯。），可知前两段向读者表明：一个角色在演员身上留下了印记。故选C项。

【39题详解】

短语猜测题。由第三段中的“A recent finding doesn't involve acting, and it indicates that merely spending some time thinking about another person seemed to rub off on the volunteers’ sense of self led by Meghan Meyer at Princeton University.”（最近的一项发现并不涉及表演，它表明，仅仅花一段时间去思考另一个人，这个人

似乎会影响志愿者的自我意识，这是普林斯顿大学Meghan Meyer领导的一项研究。）和第四段中的“Remarkably, this morphing of the self with another was still apparent even if a 24-hour gap was left between taking someone else's perspective and re-rating oneself.”（值得注意的是，即使在接受别人的观点和重新评价自己之间还有24小时的间隔，这种自我与他人的变化仍然是显而易见的。），可知另一人会影响自我，此处rub off 意为“影响”。故选A项。

【40题详解】

细节理解题。由第四段中的“Remarkably, this morphing of the self with another was still apparent even if a 24-hour gap was left between taking someone else's perspective and re-rating oneself.”（值得注意的是，即使在接受别人的观点和重新评价自己之间还有24小时的间隔，这种自我与他人的变化仍然是显而易见的。），可知接受别人的观点会给自我认识带来变化。故选A项。

【41题详解】

推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Yet there is an optimistic message here, too. The challenge of improving ourselves—or at least seeing ourselves in a more positive light—might be a little easier than we thought. By roleplaying or acting out the kind of person we would like to become, or merely by thinking about and spending time with people who embody the kind of attributes we would like to see in ourselves, we can find that our sense of self changes in desirable ways.”（然而，这里也有一个乐观的信息。提高自己或者至少从一个更积极的角度看待自己，可能比我们想象的要容易一些。通过扮演或表现出我们想成为的那种人，或者仅仅通过思考和花时间与那些体现出我们想在自己身上看到的那种特质的人在一起，我们可以发现我们的自我意识以令人满意的方式改变。）和最后一段中的“we must make these decisions aware of how they shape not only the fabric of our social networks, but even our sense of who we are.”（我们必须做出这些决定，意识到它们不仅塑造了我们社交网络的结构，甚至塑造了我们的自我意识。），可知在社交活动中通过角色扮演或表现出我们想成为的那种人，人们的自我意识能得到积极地改善，说明研究的重要性在于它提出了一种改进我们自己的方法。故选B项。

D

In college, I was taught an elegant theory of chemical combination based on excess electrons going into holes in the orbital shell of a neighbouring atom. But what about diatomic compounds like oxygen gas? Don't ask; students aren't ready to know. In physics, in biology, in any other science classes, students frequently get that answer too.

It’s time to trust students to handle doubt and diversity in science. Actually, students are starting to act. They have shamed their seniors into including more diverse contributors as faculty members and role models. Young scholars rudely ask their superiors why they fail to address the extinction crises clarified by their research. The inherited authoritarian political structures of science education are becoming lame—but still remain largely

unchanged from the old school days.

A narrow, rigid education does not prepare anyone for the complexities of scientific research, applications and policy. If we discourage students from inquiring into the real nature of scientific truths, or exploring how society shapes the questions that researchers ask how can we prepare them to maintain public trust in science in our “post-truth” world? Diversity and doubt produc e creativity: we must make room for them, and stop guiding future scientists into narrow specialties that value technique over thought.

In science, even foundational building blocks can be questioned. The unifying patterns of the periodic table are now que stioned under closer examination. Some scientists now wonder whether the concept of biological “species” contributes more confusion than insight, and whether it should therefore be abandoned. However, such a decision would affect conservation policy, in which identification of endangered species is crucial—so it is not just an issue for basic science.

Science students generally remain unaware that concepts such as elements and species are contested or are even contestable. In school, college and beyond, curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective. Public arguments among scientists often presume that every problem has just one solution.

Nonetheless, uncertain advice on complex issues should be a warning that, from a future perspective, today's total scientific consensus on some policy issue might have been the result of stubbornness, a conflict of interest or worse. Just as a healthy democracy accommodates dissent and dissonance, the collective consciousness of science would do well to embrace doubt and diversity. This could start with teaching science as a great, flawed, ongoing human achievement, rather than as a collection of cut-and-dried eternal （永久的）truths.

I recall a legendary chemistry professor who was not skilful at getting classroom demonstrations to work—but discussing what went wrong helped his students to thrive. A mathematician friend let pupils discuss every statement in the textbook until all were satisfied. They did very well in exams, and taught themselves when he was absent. Treating people at all levels as committed thinkers, whose asking teaches us all, is the key to tackling the challenges to science in the post-trust age.

42. The problem of current science training is that ______.

A. students cannot become specialists

B. it goes against established science education

C. students lose trust in their teachers and professors

D. it fails to provide students with what they need in future

43. The periodic table is mentioned to prove that ______.

A. even the widely accepted can be challenged

B. students are generally ignorant of science

C. most previous researches are out of date

D. science has been developing with time

44. It can be learnt from the passage that ______.

A. students may be more innovative if they are allowed to doubt

B. science students do not contest elements or species

C. students should not trust established science

D. diversity prevents progress in science

45. Which of the following statements best represents the writer’s opinion?

A. Our curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective.

B. Science should be a collection of cut-and-dried eternal truths.

C. Teachers should treat people at all levels as committed thinkers.

D. The concept of biological species brings more confusion than insight.

【答案】42. D 43. A 44. A 45. C

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了，在科学领域，我们要信任学生来处理科学中的怀疑和多样性，多样性和怀疑产生创造力，如果我们不鼓励学生探究科学真理的真实本质，或者不鼓励他们探索社会如何塑造研究人员提出的问题，那么我们如何让他们做好准备，在我们的“后真理”世界里保持公众对科学的信任。

【42题详解】

推理判断题。由第一段最后两句“Don't ask; students aren't ready to know. In physics, in biology, in any other science classes, students frequently get that answer too.”（别问，学生们还没准备好知道。在物理学、生物学、任何其他科学课上，学生也经常得到这个答案。），第三段第一句“A narrow, rigid education does not prepare anyone for the complexities of scientific research, applications and policy.”（狭隘、僵化的教育不能使任何人为科学研究、应用和政策的复杂性做好准备。），可知当前科学培训的问题在于它不能为学生提供他们未来进行科学研究所需要的东西。故选D项。

【43题详解】

细节理解题。由第四段中的“In science, even foundational building blocks can be questioned. The unifying patterns of the periodic table are now questioned under closer examination.”（在科学领域，甚至基础的构成要素也可能受到质疑。现在元素周期表的统一模式正在更仔细的检查下被质疑。），说明元素周期表即使是被广泛接受的，也可能会被质疑。故选A项。

【44题详解】

推理判断题。第三段最后一句“Diversity and doubt produce creativity: we must make room for them, and stop guiding future scientists into narrow specialties that value technique over thought.”（多样性和怀疑产生创造力：我们必须为它们腾出空间，并停止引导未来的科学家进入狭隘的专业领域，即重视技术而不是思想。），可推断出如果允许学生怀疑，学生可能更具创新性。故选A项。

【45题详解】

推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“Treating people at all levels as committed thinkers, whose asking teaches us all, is the key to tackling the challenges to science in the post-trust age.”（把所有层次的人都当作坚定的思考者，他们的询问教会了我们所有人，这是在后信任时代应对科学挑战的关键。），可知教师应该把所有层次的人看作是坚定的思考者，这能最好描述符合作者观点。故选C项。

【点睛】推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分——推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分——推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。如在第3小题中，第三段最后一句“Diversity and doubt produce creativity: we must make room for them, and stop guiding future scientists into narrow specialties that value technique over thought.”，是已知部分，通过结合原文进行合理地逻辑判断，可推断出如果允许学生怀疑，学生可能更具创新性。故选A项。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Is there a link between social media and depression? Do social media have a negative impact on your mental health? It’s complicated.

In a recent study, the investigators compared social media use and depression between teens.

___46___Specifically, for every hour per day that one teen spent on social media more than her peers, she likely had a 0.64 point higher depression score.

A different study published in 2018 identified five distinct types of social media users. The finding was that "problematic social media use" was one of the main themes for people whose mental health was affected by social media. You can have alcohol in your life without it being a problem, or your alcohol use may become problematic. ___47___

There's one important thing to remember about survey research just because two things happen together, it's not necessarily true that one causes the other. ___48___For all we know, it could be that people who are already more

depressed choose to spend more time on social media.

___49___If you think that we shouldn't paint social media with one broad brush, you're on the right track. On the one hand, participants often described social media as a valuable way to cope with stress. On the other hand, cyberbullying via social media was also a common experience for participants. Some also said that constantly checking their own social media profile was stressful.

It’s certainly possible that experiences like cyberbullying, compa ring yourself to idealized images, and constantly monitoring your profile, are bad for your mood. It's also true for many that social media offer community support and positive messages. Given the inconclusive research, it's safe to say that at least we shouldn't write off social media altogether. ___50___Anyway, you cannot use it as a crutch for coping with other stressors and mental health problems.

A. It's the same with social media.

B. Social media can be a double-edged sword.

C. People get more opinionated about the potential problems of social media.

D. They found that those who used social media more had higher depression scores.

E. They reviewed all existing research and found that there were both benefits and drawbacks.

F. The key to benefiting from social media may lie in using it in moderation and staying socially connected.

G. For example, just because higher social media use co-occurs with higher levels of depression doesn't mean social media use causes depression.

【答案】46. D 47. A 48. G 49. B 50. F

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，社交媒体是一把双刃剑，它对使用者的心理健康有影响，比较抑郁的人选择在社交媒体上花更多的时间，人们应该适度使用社交媒体并保持社交联系。

【46题详解】

由下一句“具体来说，一个青少年每天花在社交媒体上的时间比她的同龄人多1个小时，她的抑郁得分可能高出0.64分。”可知，承接下文，D选项“他们发现使用社交媒体越多的人抑郁得分越高。”切题；该选项中的higher depression scores对应下文中的a 0.64 point higher depression score。故选D项。

【47题详解】

由上一句“你可以在你的生活中拥有酒精，不让它成为一个问题，或者你的酒精使用可能成为一个问题。”可知，承接上文，A选项“社交媒体也是如此。”切题；该选项表示社交媒体使用和酒精使用一样，可能变成问题，也可能不是问题。故选A项。

【48题详解】

由上一句“调查研究有一件重要的事情要记住，因为两件事同时发生，不一定一件事导致另一件事。”可知，承接上文，G选项“例如，仅仅因为较高的社交媒体使用量与较高的抑郁水平并存并不意味着社交媒体使用量会导致抑郁。”切题；该选项是对上文“it's not necessarily true that one causes the other.”的举例说明。故选G项。

【49题详解】

由下文“一方面，参与者经常将社交媒体描述为应对压力的一种有价值的方式。另一方面，通过社交媒体进行网络欺凌也是参与者的常见经历。”可知，B选项“社交媒体可以是一把双刃剑。”切题；该选项中的 a double-edged sword对应下文所提及的社交媒体的好坏两方面。故选B项。

【50题详解】

由下一句“不管怎样，你不能把它作为一个依靠来应付其它的压力和心理健康问题。”可知，承接下文，F 选项“从社交媒体中获益的关键可能在于适度使用社交媒体并保持社交联系。”切题；该选项中的using it in moderation and staying socially connected对应下文中的“不能把社交媒体作为应对压力和心理健康问题的一个依靠”。故选F项。

【点睛】第一、通读全文，了解文章大意。这是一个泛读的过程，目的是了解文章大意，为以后的理解做铺垫。

第二、明确关联关系。任何句子都是要么和上文有联系，要么和下文有联系，要么和上下文都有联系。例如第2、3小题都与它们的上文有联系。

第三、带入通读，复查。

做完题目切忌直接离开，这时我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍，将其看做一片行文通顺语意连贯的文章来读，这时如果感到有含义不连贯的地方，很有可能是我们填错了空，就要复查了，注意：七选五的特点在于，错一道，往往还会错另外的一道或几道，我们叫做“连错”，所以当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时，一定要同时检查其它空。

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）

第一节（15分）

51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的美国朋友Jim得知你对探月感兴趣，发来邮件和你讨论该话题。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：

1. 月亮在中国文化中的寓意；

2. 你对人类探月活动的看法。

注意：1.词数不少于50；

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

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