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商志考研英语:考研英语各题型答题技巧之翻译篇

商志考研英语:考研英语各题型答题技巧之翻译篇
商志考研英语:考研英语各题型答题技巧之翻译篇

1、前肯后否结构:more ... than ...

【翻译技巧分析】

“more ... than ...”表示两个事物的同一方面进行比较时,最基本意思是“比……多,比……更加”。但在具体语境中,在译成汉语时,我们需要认真措辞,进行转译。

例如:

I was more annoyed than worried when they did not come home.

他们没有回家,与其说我担心倒不如说我很恼火。

2、前否后肯结构:less...than ...;not so much ...as ...

【翻译技巧分析】

“less...than ...;not so much ...as ...”表示两个事物的同一方面进行比较时,基本意思是“比……少;比……小”。但在具体语境中,在译成汉语时,我们需要认真措辞,进行转译。

例如:

John is less daring than quick-witted. 与其说约翰胆大,不如说他脑子灵活。

3、前后都肯定结构:no less ...than (=not any less...than...) ...;as...as...

【翻译技巧分析】

“no less ...than (=not any less...than...) ...;as...as...”表示两个事物的同一方面进行比较时,译为:(前者)和(后者)一样都……

例如:

She is no less beautiful than her sister. 她和她姐姐一样漂亮。

“no less ...than (=not any less...than...) ...;as...as...”表示同一事物的两个方面进行比较时,译为:既(前者)……又(后者)……

4、前后都否定结构:no more ... than ...(=not any more...than)

【翻译技巧分析】

“no more ... than ...(=not any more...than)”表示两个事物的同一方面进行比较时,译为:(前者)和(后者)一样都不……

例如:

He is no better at swimming than I. 他和我都不擅长游泳。

no more ... than ...(=not any more...than)”表示同一事物的两个方面进行比较时,译为:既不(前者)……也不(后者)……;

例如:

She is no more intelligent than beautiful. 她既不聪明,也不漂亮。

被动语态翻译篇

下面给各位考研er介绍一下被动语态在转换成主动语态的过程中常用的几种方法。

1、逆序法

逆序法就是汉语译文的语序和英语的语序完全相反。翻译时,要把英语句子后面的词或短语放到汉语译文的前面,有些句子所有词的顺序都发生变化,有些句子只有部分词的顺序发生变化。请看译例。

(1)A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.

译文:原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。

(2)Swift progress has also been made in culture and education.

译文:文教事业也有迅速的发展。

2、译成汉语的无主句

一些被动语态的句子可用汉语的无主句表达。

(1)It is important that fresh impetus be given to the national economy.

译文:重要的是,应该给国民经济注入新的活力。

(2)A court order was obtained permitting the police to subject him to a lie detector test.

译文:获得了法庭指令,允许警察对他使用测谎仪进行测谎。

3、增添汉语逻辑上的主语

有些英语被动句翻译成汉语,需要增加逻辑上的主语,我们可根据上下文增加适当的主语。

(1)More state help is needed for the disadvantaged sections of the community.

译文:国家需要向社会的贫困阶层提供更多救济。

(2)Their bombs are always placed in strategic positions to cause as much chaos as possible.

译文:他们总是把炸弹放在战略要地,从而尽可能引起更大的混乱。

4、语序基本不变助动词be省略不译

有一些英语被动句,可按其原有的语序表达或作稍微的调整,但助动词be要省略不译。(1)The members of the jury were discharged.

译文:陪审员都解散了。

(2)All the problems are to be discussed.

译文:所有问题将会进行讨论。

5、被动语态转换成“是……的”

一些英语被动句,翻译成汉语可用“是……的”来表达。

(1)History is made by the people.

译文:历史是人民创造的。

(2)Produced by electrons are the x-rays which allow the doctor to look inside a patient’s body.

译文:X 射线是电子产生的它使医生能透视病人的身体。

6、调整部分语序

有些被动句转换成汉语的主动句,其它的句子成分要作相应的调整,以便使译文符合汉语的表达习惯。

(1)The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on an island in Upper New York Bay in 1886.

译文:1886年,自由女神像在纽约湾北部落成。

(2)All obxxxxjects are made to expand by heat.

译文:所有物质遇热都会膨胀。

(3)The problem of population control has to be recognized and approached in a world environmental context.

译文:世界人口控制问题必须从世界环境这个大局去认识、去研究。

考研英语翻译题型特点及解题技巧

翻译 代词的翻译: 1.直接对应成汉语代词,但前提是译文要通顺。(第一人称、第二人称、第三人称) 2.如果不通顺,则需要指代明确;这时,尽可能用指代到的名词来翻译。可以往前查找,遵循“就近和一致”原则来确定。(第三人称) 3.万不得已可以用“这”“这种情况”“这种说法”“这种观点”等来翻译。(it,this,that) 强调句型: 还原强调部分后直接翻译。 定语从句: 1.前置:把定语从句翻译到它所修饰的先行词前面,并习惯用“的”来连接。 (如果定词从句结构简单,信息负载量不大,翻译的时候前置) 2.后置:(结构复杂,信息负载量比较大,翻译的时候后置,这时可以独立成句,但常常需要重复先行词,或者用代词)后置最常用。 常考动词: add补充说道 maintain坚持认为 contend坚持说 accuse指责validate证明,证实 assert 断言 argue that争论说 人名地名翻译的处理方式: 1.遵照习惯 2.按照音译 3.万不得已抄英语 there be句型: 1.把英语中的状语翻译成汉语后作主语。简称状语变主语。 2.增加“人们”“大家”“我们”等汉语的范指主语。 3.直接用动词“有”“出现”“存在”等开始翻译。 翻译最佳策略:拆分 拆分原则: 1.拆出主句,分清从句 2.拆出主干,分清修饰 拆分点: 连词,引导词,介词,分词,to,标点符号。 ing现在分词短语作定语 短语作定语: 1.分词短语作定语 ing现在分词,ed过去分词 2.介词短语作定语 3.其它短语作定语(形容词短语坐定语和不定式短语作定语)

短语作定语常常翻译到中心词前 标点符号: 1.直接套用;2.一逗到底(多点逗号) 第三人称反身代词,一般指离自己最近的那个名词。 一个名词前面有一个定语在修饰,后面还有一个定语在修饰,这叫多重并列定语。多重并列定语从后往前翻译。 并列结构: 一般指并列的词组、并列宾语、并列谓语等等。 一般可以直接翻译,但常常需要重复并列部分。 比较结构: 1.more…than+num:多余、比……多;more…than+n/v:不仅仅、不止;more…than+adj/adv:非常、很;more…than+can/could:不能;no more…than…=not any more than不……,像……不。 2.as…as像……一样;not so as不像……一样;not so much…as与其……不如。 插入结构: 常常可以直接翻译,但有时候还需要放到整句话最前面去翻译。 倒装结构: 恢复正常顺序后直接翻译。 复习策略: 单词;结构和顺序。 结构和顺序:断句点在哪?断句点的上下文是何种关系?(什么修饰关系、修饰语的起止点、修饰语修饰什么)翻译中汉语的先后顺序如何?指着英语单词说汉语。默写这句英语句子。 被动结构: 可翻译为“使得”“得以”“加以”“受到”“获得”。 翻译的原则是:少用“被”字;首先可以主宾颠倒,其次还能省略“被”字,用“受到”“得到”“加以”“得以”“为……所”“由……来”“是……的”等直接翻译。 状语和状语从句: 状语从句一般可以直接翻译,但常常要把时间、条件、让步和原因状语从句翻译到主句之前,状语的最佳位置是在主语后动词前,时间在前,地点在后。 形式主语的翻译: 常常当固定词组一样,翻译到整句话最前面。 如何做练习:每天20分钟,一句话。

翻译硕士考研英语翻译历年常考单词

翻译硕士考研英语翻译历年常考单词 丰富的词汇量会让我们在英语考试中占得优势,小编整理2011-2014年考研英语中真题中的常用词汇,希望大家认真背诵,集中记忆,相信会对大家的考研有很大帮助,也预祝大家考研成功。 2014年 1) articulate 清晰的表达, 2) by all accounts根据、根据报道;byone’s own account根据某人自己所说,letalone更别提, 3) intensity紧张,abruptly突然地,sudden突然,soft柔和的,passage段落,rarely很少、几乎不,composer作曲家,compose作曲、编写, 4) associate联系, 5) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成; 2013年 1) strike打、震撼,for all尽管,style风格,urge需求、督促、鼓励,decoration装饰, 2)sacred神圣的,crude原始、粗糙,as opposed to与相反,shelter避难所, 3) ineffect实际上,urban城市,discernible容易看出的,discern看出、识别, 4)blame批评, 5)implicit隐含的,explicit明确的,reference谈到、提及、参考,synthetic人造的; 2012年 1) impulse冲动,unification统一、一致,generative生产的、生成的,generate产生, 2) constrain力劝、强迫、限制,constraint限制, 3) filter过滤, cognitive认知的, 4) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的,bias偏见, 5) track跟踪; 2011年 1) erroneous错误的,error错误, 2) sustain支持、维持,illusion幻觉,conscious有意识的, 3) justification合理,借口,justify证明是公正的,rationalization合理,exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底, 4) circumstance环境, 5) upside积极的、正面的,contain包含,be up to取决于,array展示、陈列、一系列; 丰富的词汇量会让我们在英语考试中占得优势,小编整理2006-2010年考研英语中真题中的常用词汇,希望大家认真背诵,集中记忆,相信会对大家的考研有很大帮助,也预祝大家考研成功。 2010年 1)rescue拯救,to the effect that大意是说,failed to不能, 2)intrinsic内在的、固有的,regardlessof不管,presence出席,absence缺席, 3)creature生物,species物种,

考研英语万能大作文模板考研英语高分作文模板—商志英语作文模板—考研英语作文模板

大作文: (1)正面(正确、积极的):01、02、03、08、10 反面(不正确的做法、消极):04、05、06、07、09、11 (2)一幅图还是两幅图(04、06) (3)作文有无规定题目(仅02) (4)1st:描述图画,2nd:解释图画要表达的含义,3rd:严重性及采取的举措。 例如:2011环境污染;2010:一个火锅——多种文化 *2012重点预测正面 2012考研大作文万能模板---英语一 第一段3句话 ①In the picture above,...... .第一句话(句型要用do+ing\with短语+非限定性定语从句)要将整个漫画内容描述完整。要考验大家的语法功底,首句很重要哦! ②There has been a heated discussion about them in the newspaper. 第二句就是套话,大家也可以自己换其他自己喜欢的句子。 ③The picture , at the first glimpse , seem to be simple ,but only a penetrating sight can pierce through its superficial meaning. 同第二句解释的一样。 第二段6句话 记住:写作重点就在此段,因为大多数考研者都会把首尾段写得出色,但仅此这打动不了阅卷老师,比的就是谁的第二段写得漂亮,谁就获得高分的机会大。 ①The picture tells us that nothing can be compared with the (漫画主题词) / nothing is more harmful or damaging than the ( 主题词) . 当时漫画反映坏/好的方面的主题时,大家相应地进行替换。纵观2001-2011年的漫画都是如此,大家不用太怀疑。 ②In no country other than China ,it has been said ,is this phenomenon more obvious (好的主题用此句). / is the problem of (有关主题词) more serious(坏的主题用此句).

考研英语阅读满分实用技巧

考研英语阅读满分实用技巧

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阅读40分高分研究(较长但务必认真读完收获一定良多以后做到阅读就不怕) 本人花万元报名参加北京一内部考研辅导班,该辅导班考前会发布押题,押题命中率百分之90左右,去年该培训班考生全部高分过线。如果需要发布的押题可以联系我QQ673351717免费索取来者不拒一一发布希望大家都能顺利高分通过研考 考研与高考、各类出国考试(TOEFL、GRE、GMA T等)被认为是改变中国学生人生命运的三大考试。英语一直是筛选学生人选硕士研究生的最权威尺度,考研外语录取最低分数线(50~60分)的通过率被严格地控制在15~18%,一个的命运与其外语能力,在这里更确切地说是与考研英语能力(注意,有人的外语水平不低,但考研英语成绩却不理想)息息相关。阅读理解与考研英语 长期以来考研英语阅读理解部分的教与学总是处于一种尴尬状态之中。 一方面,人人知道它的重要性:阅读理解占研究生入学考试英语总分的50%,每道阅读题分值为2分,往往因一念之差,选错一题,就会痛失2分,需要提醒大家注意的是,有的时候半分就能决定成败。 站在更深的层次,考研英语虽然从形式上分为词汇、语法、改错、完形填空、阅读理解、翻译和作文等几部分,但归根结底都是在变相地考阅读理解。所谓完形填空无非是把阅读理解的文章去掉若干个词,要求您在阅读理解的基础上补缺;翻译就是把阅读理解文章选出几句话来,同样需要您在阅读理解的前提下,用通顺甚至是华丽的汉语表达一下而已;词汇和语法都要求在对题干句阅读理解的基础上,再结合词汇及语法的具体特点才能作出最佳选择,而我们许多同学做词汇、语法题目时,非常重视词汇和语法的自身特点,却忽视了对于题干句语义的理解,这是非常简单而又常见的错误,当然也是这类题目准确率不高的一个主要原因;阅读理解不过关,作文也受到直接影响。阅读是别人写的文章让您读,而作文是自己写文章让别人看,别人写的文章您看不懂,头脑里没有素材、没有模型,自己笔下何来好文章。对于广大考生而言,阅读理解部分完成的好坏关系研究生入学考试的成败,阅读理解过关等于研究生入学考试轻松了一大半。 但另一方面,考生大量背诵篇章,拼命作题,外加分析、总结,经过长期不懈的努力后,结果收效甚微。通常情况下,有很多考生阅读理解分数可以达到20至25分,但超过35分的同学却廖廖无几。 新与旧 我认为一本书的新旧不在于其形式、不在于是否在其封面上打上2000年版或3000年版的标志,而在于其内容,在于其思想是否领先于那个时代,一个伟大思想辉煌时代的到来往往是在这个思想的创造者死后的半个或一个世纪——这就是人类的历史! 本书力排对着答案讲题、将阅读当成翻译来讲解的传统弊端,从分析应试高手心得出发,精研历年考研阅读理解试题,深入体会和理解真题的题型与思路;充分考虑到中国学生的实际水平和常见错误,针对各类题型为考生提供一套实用操作性很强的技巧和方法,提高考生临场实战能力,为未来的考试做好准备,这是同类书籍中的独家做法!同时也避免了考研讲解传统上的事后明白——“马后炮”的缺陷。要知道看了答案,再查词典,人人都会讲考研。 考生难点分析 根据考生水平的水同,一般存在如下三种问题: *部分考生读不懂文章,对于复杂句尤其是长句、多义词及难词理解有误。这些考生的英语阅读的基本功还有待提高。

考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(一)

考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(一) Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) 一、经济学史 Economics, as we know it, is the social science concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economists focus on the way in which individuals, groups, business enterprises, and governments seek to achieve efficiently any economic objective they select. (46) Other fields of study also contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how objectives are formed, history records changes in human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts. Standard economics can be divided into two major fields. (47) The first, price theory or microeconomics, explains how the interplay of supply and demand in competitive markets creates a multitude of individual prices, wage rates, profit margins, and rental changes. Microeconomics assumes that people behave rationally. Consumers try to spend their income in ways that give them as much pleasure as possible. As economists say, they maximize utility. For their part, entrepreneurs seek as much profit as they can extract from their operations.

考研英语翻译的基本方法版

考研英语翻译的基本方 法版 文档编制序号:[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]

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是从一篇文章中截取出来的,因而译文必须和上下文表达的意思一致。如果歪曲了原文的意思,那么该句的得分就会很低。 因此,翻译不能违背原文本身,这是考研翻译的最基本标准。 翻译过程 翻译一般分三个阶段:①找核心句;②译核心句;③译其修饰限定补充的句子。由于考研英语翻译大部分句型都是长难句,这一过程显得尤为重要。简而言之,考生首先要找出句子的主干,然后再处理其余的细枝末节,如修饰成分等。考试中,考生应该先通读全文,从大处着手,通篇把握文意,然后分析需要翻译的句子,找出主干,理分支,并翻译。最后是检查书写以及时态。 翻译策略 1.直译和意译 直译,既忠于原文意思又保留原文形式的翻译;意译,不受原文词语的限制,不拘泥于原文句子的结构,用不同于原文的表达方式,把原文意思表达出来。在考研英语翻译中,我们应遵循的方法是:尽量采用直译,不能直译才采用意译,必要时直译与意译相结合。 (1)能直译就直译

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2)同行评议 3)防止某人做某事 4)联邦政府 5)国家元首 6)投标 7)大坝 8)一个有争议的人 9)云计算 10)巨大的星云 11)为某人树立良好的榜样 12)使某人小心谨慎 翻译出鸟语或者翻译不出来不要怕,只要有商志/欧巴,就什么都不怕不怕啦!! 3. 请把下列短语或句子翻译成地道的汉语。 1)political status 2)research findings 3)the Sino-US relations 4)state government 5)rearing kids 6)on the contrary 7)cosmic clouds 8)They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. 9)But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. 10)Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly owing to their undoubted and respectable status. 11)Turkey’s bid for First World status includes a giant dam. 12)Beijing’s successful bid for 2008 Olympic Games. 13)There are controversies over the recipients’ status. 14)The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier. 15)A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations. 今晚10点,商志欧巴,在手机APP--------咋学-------为你讲这些,约不约??!!

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On the other hand,behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists,in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. 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Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations,including the United States,the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this,which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account,what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with,the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001,the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million,and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that,if necessity forces exports,it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact,as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety,there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population

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