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大学英语语法专题练习(7)平行结构与强调句型

大学英语语法专题练习(7)平行结构与强调句型
大学英语语法专题练习(7)平行结构与强调句型

大学英语语法专题练习

平行结构与强调句型

1. He paid more attention to what he ate than________.

A)what he woreB)that he wore

C)that which he woreD)to what he wore

2. In her writing she often dealt with her own personality as it was, rather than________.

A)as others defined itB)it was defined by others

C )others' definitionD)its definition by others

3. It is _______ leather its permeability to air and water vapour.

A)the structure it gives

B)giving it the structure of

C)structure that gives it

D)its structure that gives

4. He would sooner resign than _____ part in such dishonest business deals.

A)to takeB)taking

C)takeD)have taken

5. Communication has created a world economy in which working smarter is more important than______.

A)work harderB)working harder

C)to work harderD)to working harder

6. I was advised ________ for reservation.

A)to either telephone or to write the hotel

B)either to telephone or to write the hotel

C)that I should telephone or either write the hotel

D)I ought either to telephone or write the hotel

7.AlongtherockyNewEnglandcoastaresmallareasofsandandgravelbeach,somecre atedfromglacialdebris,______ by

the action of ocean storms.

A)upbuilding othersB)others build upC)others built upD)built up others

8.______ the 1500's ______the first European explored the coast of California.

A)It was not until...whenB)It is not until...whenC)h is until...thatD)It was not until...that

9. Having gone there and ____ out the truth, she started to cry.

A ) findingB) findsC)foundD)to find

10. Most large companies have trained specialists, called personnel managers _____ on prospective employees.

A)whose job it is to interview and pass judgment

B)whose job they are to interview and pass judgment

C)whose job is interview and pass judgment

D)whose job it is interviewing and passing judgment

11. My approach is not to pass the test, but ______ the prize.

A)rather gettingB)to rather get

C)rather to getD)more than getting

12. The physician considers going to bed early to be more sensible _____ late.

A)but staying upB)than to stay up

C)for staying upD)than staying up

13. Nature has a number of different ways of burying and thus________ the past.

A )conserveB)conserving

C ) preserveD) preserving

14. Heat the soup for ten minutes, and then _______from the stove.

A)you should remove itB)removing it

C)to remove it[))remove it

15. The purpose of the organization is ________ all newcomers to

the city and to provide them with any necessary information.

A)greetingB)to greet

C)having greetedD)to have greeted

16. It's better to die on one's feet than_______.

A)living on one's kneesB)live on one's knees

C)on one's kneesD)to live on one's knees

17. When that happens the computer system can be asked for alternatives or the operator _____ interrogate (讯问)the computer to find out what would happen if the officer's own solution was put into action.

A)ought toB)should

C)dare toD)can

18. _________,but his character I despise.

A)I'm fond of his faceB)Much as I'm fond of his face

C)His face I'm fond ofD)Though I'm fond of his face

19. With the help of a metal detector, the team discovered that wreckage lay scattered over a 2000-square-feetarea, often _______ beneath sand and seaweed.

A)buryingB)buried

C)buryD)was buried

20. Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than ________ eastern Nebraska.

A )doesB)in

C)it does inD)in it does

21. Many animals use odors for identification, ______ ,sexual attraction, alarm, and a variety of other purposes.

A)the territorial marking B)territorial marking

C)they mark territoryD)mark territory

22. The atmosphere is as much as part of the earth as ______ its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.

A )areB)isC )doD)has

23. Either you come in person, or_________.

A)to entrust someone with the matterB)entrusting someone with the matter

C)you entrust someone with the matterD)you entrusted someone with the matter

24. The more precise ________ ,the more effective the communication.

A)a writer's wordsB)that a writer's words

C)there are a writer's wordsD)they are a writer's words

25._______ Einstein won the Nobel Prize for physics.

A)It is in 1921 thatB)It was in 1921 that

C)It is in 1921 whenD)It were in 1921 that

26. Having no money but _______ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.

A)not to want anyoneB)not wanting anyoneC)wanted no oneD)to want no one

27. I like watching TV________ to the cinema.

A)more than to goB)than goingC)more than goingD)rather than to go

28._______she wondered if she had made a mistake.

A)Not until long afterwards thatB)Not long until afterwards

C)It was not until long afterwards thatD)It was long afterwards until

29. Nowadays people usually prefer driving to________.

A )drivingB)driveC)to driveD)drove

30. Allen has stated that he has always had a great ______ and admiration for the work of the British economistKeynes.

A )interestB) interest inC)interesting inD)interested

【key and explanation】

1.答案A。依据平行结构的一般原则,词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子,前后都要对等。在本题中,that之前为what he ate作短语动词pay attention to的宾语,四个选项中,只有A项结构与它相同,故A项为正确答案。

2.答案A。连词rather than连接与as it was相平行的结构,依据平行两部分的成分、结构要相同这一规则,与as it was相同的只有A项。

3.答案D。本题句意是:正是皮革的结构才使皮革对空气和水蒸汽具有渗透性。本题采用强调句型,强调structure,A、B两项不是强调句型,明显错误;C项缺乏物主代词,也是错误的。故D项为正确答案。

4.答案C。表示“宁可,宁愿”时用句型would rather/sooner do (sth.)than do(sth.),than连接的部分应是平行结构,与resign相对应的是take,故C项为正确选项。又如:He would rather throw money intothe sea than lend it to Tom.他宁愿把钱扔进海里也不借给汤姆。

5.答案B。在本题中than引导比较从句,根据平行结构的原则,比较对象的语法形式与成分均须一致,其前为动名词,比较的另一方也应是动名词,故B 项为正确答案。

6.答案B。并列连词either...or用以连接两个对等的词、短语或句子。又如:You can either do it yourself orask someone else to do it.你可以自己做,也可以请别人帮你做。只有B项符合这一语法原则,其他几个选项中either...or所处的位置混乱,均不正确。

7.答案C。在英语中要求句子结构平行,即当两个或两个以上的同等成分(主语、谓语、宾语、表语等)并列时,要求它们的词性或结构相同。在本题中,要与some created结构并列,处于同等的语法地位,则只能选择others built up。A、B、D三项在语法上不符合平行结构的要求,均可排除。

8.答案D。本题考查强调句型。not until有两种常用的强调句型:一种是将not until引导的短语或句子置于句首,主句用部分倒装结构;另一种是将not until引导的短语或句子置于强调句“is...that...”中,主句不需用倒装结构。本题属于后一种情况。A、B、C三项要么时态不对,要么搭配不对,均可排除。

9.答案C。and连接两个并列成分,根据平行结构的原则,两个并列成分必须在词性、结构、句法等方面对等。与having gone对等的是(having)found,因此,正确答案是C项。

10.答案A。本题句意是:大多数大型公司都聘请了有经验的专家,即人事经理,其工作是对求职者进行面试并做出评判。whose job it is to do中的it is to do起强调作用,故A项为正确答案。

11.答案C。本题句意是:我的目标不是通过考试,而是赢得奖励。but连接两个并列成分,前一分句采用的是不定式形式,因此,后一分句也应采用不定式形式。A、D两项可首先排除。再者,由于rather应置于不定式之前,而不是之后,故B项也可排除。只有C项正确。

12.答案D。more than连接的两个短语应采用平行结构,四个选项中与动名词going to bed对等的只有D项than staying up,因此,D项为正确答案。

13.答案D。thus之后的词应与burying并列,同作介词of的宾语,与前文burying相对应的应是动名词,因此,A、C两项可首先排除。再者,conserve 表示“保存”之意,而preserve表示“保护”,显然preserve符合题意。因此,D项正确。

14.答案D。and连接两个并列的句子,前一分句为祈使句,根据平行结构的语法要求,表示平行概念的祈使句在结构上必须是相同的。而四个选项中只有D项是祈使句形式,为正确答案。

15.答案B。当不定式充当各种成分时,与其对等的也应是不定式。本题中与and之后的不定式to provide对等的是to greet,故B项为正确选项。本题句意是:这个组织的宗旨是接待所有新来这个城市的人并向他们提供必要的信息。又如:To know what is Rood and to do what is right are two different things.知

道什么

是好的和做什么是对的是两件不同的事。

16.答案D。在better...than...这一结构中,than连接一个比较从句,than 两边的语法形式应该一致才符合平行结构的语法要求。与带to的不定式形式to die on one's feet对等的也应是带to的不定式,故D项为正确答案。

17.答案D。此处。r连接两个并列平行的分句,前一句的谓语动词为can be asked与之相呼应,后一句的谓语动词也应用情态动词can。因此正确答案是D项。

18.答案C。but连接的是两个并列的子句,后一句是将宾语his character 前置,故前一句也应采用相同的句式(即将介词of的宾语his face前置),以保持句子结构上的和谐。故C项为正确答案。

19.答案B。分析句子结构可知,动词lay之后带有过去分词充当状语。根据平行结构的语法要求,两个平行成分必须是对等的。前一分句是过去分词scattered,因此后一分句也必须是过去分词,故B项为正确答案。

20,答案A。本题中存在一比较状语从句。根据平行结构的原则,than前后可连接的成分应是对等的。

四个选项中与receives对等的只有A项does。

21.答案Bo从句子结构可知,and连接了一系列名词。按照平行结构的语法要求,空缺处也应填人一名词。B项的结构与其后的sexual attraction一致。其余三项均不合语法要求,可排除。

22.答案A。本句为比较句,连词than前后应使用平行结构,因此,状语从句的谓语动词应为"be”。又由于从句是倒装句,主语是“its soil and the water of its lakes,rivers and oceans”,所以谓语动词要使用复数。

23.答案C。本题是由“either...or...”连接的并列句,因此应使用平行结构。either后接的是句子,则or后也应接句子,故A、B两项可首先排除,而D项的时态与前一句不符,也可排除。因此,正确答案是C项。

24.答案A。“the more...the more...”句型连接了两个平行结构,空缺处应填人与the communication相对应的名词或名词短语,四个选项中只有A项是名词短语,为正确答案。

25.答案B。本题为一强调句型,强调时间状语。在"itis(was)...that”的强调句中,被强调部分是时间状语或时间状语从句,在正式文体中要用that。A项的时态不对,C项的时态与搭配均错,D项有单复数错误,而B项为唯一正确的答案。

26.答案B。空缺处前的并列连词but引导平行结构,前后成分必须形式一致、语法一致。but前为现在分词短语作状语,其后也应是现在分词短语作状语。故B项为正确选项。

27.答案C。本题含有比较意义的句子,由than来连接,前面是动名词,则than后面也应接动名词,因此,A、D两项可首先排除。而B项中没有比较级的词more,也可排除。故C项为正确答案。

28.答案C。本题为一强调句,until所引出的时间和not一起放在强调的位置中,形成it is(was)not until...that...的强调句型,强调时间状语。只有C项符合语法规则。

29.答案A。动词prefer后须接平行结构。to之前是动名词,则其后也应是动名词形式。故A项为正确答案。

30.答案B。在英语的平行结构中,平行各部分的类别、词性或词的形式要一致,同时平行的各部分在结构上要完整。本题中,and连接两个并列成分,与admiration for相并列的应是B项。故正确答案为B。

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大学英语语法及练习

大学英语语法及练习 Last updated at 10:00 am on 25th December 2020

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2. 要注意从句中第一/三人称的过去式was用were代替。 例如:If I were invited, I would come. If she were not ill, she could do a lot of things. 3. if条件句中如谓语动词是were, had, should, could时,可以省略if, 把它们前置。

例如: Had my father a lot of money, he would send me abroad. Could I do it, I would surely do it. Should the Black Death reappear, what should we do?(万一黑死病再次出现,我们该怎么办) 4. 错综时间的条件句是难点,如99年1月第60题: If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you wouldn’t be smiling now.(从句用过去完成时,主句用现在进行时) 又如:If I were you, I would have gone to the film last night.(从句虚拟现在,主句虚拟过去);If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.(从句虚拟过去,主句虚拟将来); If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.(从句虚拟过去,主句虚拟现在) 5. 虚拟句的另一难点是省略if条件句的含蓄条件句,如: I would have written the paper before, but I have been ill.(=If I had not been ill, I would have written the paper before.); A true friend would have acted differently. (=A friend, if he had been true, would have acted differently.) 6. 注意介词短语 without, but for, in the absence等表示虚拟条件。

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五种基本句型——主系表结构 主(语)+系(动词)+表(语) 主语,主语是五种基本句型都具备的。 从位置上来看,主语一般在句子开头,也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”。 从意义上理解,主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”,后面的一切都是针对主语来说的。主语一般是名词或代词(当然还有其他,这里暂且详细讨论) 系动词是联系动词的简称,顾名思义,它是起到联系作用的动词,是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的,常见的只有十来个,我们把它们分成四组,这样有助于我们记忆系动词: 一、 be动词类: am、 is 、are 、was 、were 二、表示变化类:become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、go 三、感官动词类: 眼(look )耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel) 四、表示延续性的动词:remain 、stay 、keep 表语 从位置上来讲,它总是在系动词后面(系动词和表语关系甚为紧密,没有系动词,就没有表语:没有表语,就没有系动词。 二从意义上讲,表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。

上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍,其中,系动词是主系表结构的核心,它是这个结构的标志,看到了系动词,也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表,因此,记住系动词非常重要。 练习 找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语,并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。 1 Tom is a student. 2 He is fat. 3 I am tired . 4 We are students. 5 The bag was lost . 6 The boy was foolish . 7 They were kind. 8 She is in the room. 9 The books are on the desk. 10 Snow is white. 11 Kate was here yesterday.

大学英语三级语法知识总结汇总

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初中英语五种基本句型结构(1)

初中---五种基本句型 中考对五种基本句型的考查主要集中在以下几方面: 1. 掌握五种基本句型的基本用法。 2. 掌握五种基本句型在用法上的区别。 中考考查这部分内容时的题型和大体分值为: 单选(1分) 写句子(1分) 写作(1-2分) 阅读理解(1-2分) 一、知识精讲 五种基本句型是句子最基本的组成部分。掌握了这五种基本句型,在阅读中当我们遇到较复杂的句子时,运用这些基本句型,对句子的分析就会变得容易多了。在写作中,首先要能运用好这些基本句型,才能得到高分。 (一)五种基本句型的句子成分: 1. 句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分包括主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语等。 2. 主语(subject):主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 【例句】 We often speak English in class. 我们在课上经常说英语。 Smoking does harm to the health. 吸烟对健康有害。 The rich should help the poor. 富有的人应该帮助贫困的人。 3. 谓语(verb):谓语可用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词常在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。分及物动词和不及物动词两种。 【例句】 He practices running every morning. 他每天早晨练习跑步。 I have caught a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。 We like helping the people in trouble 我们喜欢帮助那些处于困境中的人。

大学英语语法与练习——unit14倒装资料讲解

大学英语语法与练习——u n i t14倒装

14. 倒装 14.1 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有: 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, com e, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes.Away they went. 14.1 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有: 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman.

Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 14.2 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。 1)句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, n ot until… 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。 注意:如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题

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八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结 (2021最新版) 作者:______ 编写日期:2021年__月__日 【导语】要想取得好的学习成绩,必须要有良好的学习习惯。习惯是经过重复练习而巩固下来的稳重持久的条件反射和自然需要。建立良好的学习习惯,就会使自己学习感到有序而轻松。以下是小编为您整理的《八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结》,供大家查阅。 【篇一】 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法:宾语从句结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 例句:----Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句)

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