电力系统-英文翻译

Autoreclose

Application

Most faults that occur on high-voltage or extra-high-voltage overhead lines are transient faults caused by lightning. If a transient fault occurs, the circuit breaker is tripped to isolate the fault, and then reclosed following a time delay to ensure that the hot gases caused by the fault arc have de-ionized. This makes it possible to recover power transmission. The time between clearing the fault and reclosing the circuit breaker, that is, the dead time, should be made as short as possible to keep the power system stable. From the viewpoint of de-ionization of the fault arc, the fault arc is de-ionized more thoroughly as the period of this dead time is extended. The de-ionization commences when the circuit breakers for all terminals of the line are tripped. Therefore, the dead time can be set at its minimum level if all terminals of the line are tripped at the same time. Autoreclose of the GRL100 is started by the current differential protection that ensures high-speed protection of all terminals.

The GRL100 provides two autoreclose systems, single-shot autoreclose and multi-shot autoreclose. Single-shot autoreclose Four types of single-shot autoreclose mode are provided: single-phase autoreclose, three-phase autoreclose, single- and

three-phase autoreclose, and multi-phase autoreclose. An optimal mode is selected by the autoreclose mode selection switch [ARC-M]. In any case, autoreclose is performed only once. If the fault state still continues after reclosing, three-phase final tripping is activated. Single-phase autoreclose:

In this mode, only the faulty phase is tripped, and then reclosed if a single-phase earth fault occurs. In the case of a multi-phase fault, three phases are tripped, but reclosing is not made. Since power can be transmitted through healthy phases even during the dead time, this mode is convenient for maintaining power system stability. On the other hand, the capacitive coupling effect between the healthy phase and faulty phase may cause a longer de-ionization time when compared to a three-phase autoreclose. As a result, a longer dead time is required. It is essential to correctly determine the faulty phase. The GRL100 provides phase-segregated current differential protection to correctly determine the faulty phase(s). For single-phase autoreclose, each phase of the circuit breaker must be segregated. This reclosing mode is simply expressed as "SPAR" in the following descriptions.

Three-phase autoreclose:

In this autoreclose mode, three phases are tripped, and then reclosed regardless of the fault mode, whether single-phase fault or

multi-phase fault. A shorter dead time can be set in this mode when compared to the single-phase autoreclose. For the three-phase autoreclose, synchronism check and voltage check between the busbar and the line are required. This reclosing mode is simply expressed as "TPAR" in the following descriptions.

Single- and three-phase autoreclose:

In this autoreclose mode, single-phase tripping and reclosing are performed if a single-phase fault occurs, while three-phase tripping and reclosing are performed if a multi-phase fault occurs. This reclosing mode is simply expressed as "SPAR & TPAR" in the following descriptions.

Multi-phase autoreclose:

This autoreclose mode can be applied to double-circuit lines. In this mode, only the faulted phases are tripped and reclosed when the terminals of double-circuit lines are interconnected during the dead time through at least two or three different phases. This mode realizes high-speed reclosing for multi-phase faults without synchronism and voltage check and minimizes the possibility of outages in the case of double faults on double-circuit lines. If the interlinking condition is not satisfied, all the phases are tripped and reclosing is not started. This reclosing mode is simply expressed as "MPAR2" for two-phase interconnection and "MPAR3" for

three-phase interconnection in the following descriptions. For the detailed performance of the multi-phase autoreclose, see Appendix M. In B-mode and GPS-mode, the multi-phase autoreclose can be applied if the RYIDSV function is not applied. Single-shot autoreclose can be applied to one-breaker reclosing and two-breaker reclosing in the one-and-a-half breaker busbar system.

Multi-shot autoreclose

In the multi-shot autoreclose, any of two- to four-shot reclosing can be selected. In any case, the first shot is selected from four types of autoreclose mode as described in the above single-shot autoreclose. All successive shots (up to three times), which are applied if the first shot fails, are three-phase tripping and reclosing. Multi-shot autoreclose cannot be applied to two-breaker reclosing in the one-and-a-half breaker busbar system. The autoreclose can also be activated from an external line protection. At this time, all autoreclose modes described above are effective. If a fault occurs under the following conditions, three-phase final tripping is performed and autoreclose is blocked:

?Reclosing block signal is received from an external unit locally or remotely.

?Throughout the reclaim time. For evolving faults that occur during the dead time between single-phase tripping and reclosing, "SPAR &

TPAR" functions are as follows. For evolving faults that occur within the period of time set from the first fault, the reclosing

mode enters the three-phase autoreclose mode. At this time, the total dead time becomes the dead time for three-phase autoreclose added to the dead time for single-phase autoreclose which has expired up to the point at which the evolving fault occurs. For evolving faults that occurred after the set time, three-phase final tripping is performed, and reclosing is not performed. If an evolving fault occurs when "SPAR" is selected, three-phase final tripping is performed, and reclosing is not performed. If an evolving fault occurs when "MPAR2" or "MPAR3" is selected, the dead time is recounted provided the network conditions defined for linked circuits are satisfied.

A utoreclose

应用

大多数故障，在高电压或课外高压架空线路发生是由雷电引起的瞬态故障。如果暂时出现故障，断路器跳闸故障隔离，然后重新密封后时间延迟，以确保在故障电弧引起的热气体的去离子。这使得人们有可能恢复送电。清除之间的断裂和重合闸断路器，即死区时间，时间应尽可能保持电力系统稳定短。从过去的故障电弧离子化的观点，故障电弧去离子作

为这个死时间延长期间更彻底。DE -电离开始时，该行的所有终端电路断路器跳闸。因此，死区时间可设定在其最低水平，如果该行的所有终端在同一时间跳闸。该GRL100 Autoreclose启动电流差动保护的，确保高速所有终端的保护。

该GRL100提供了两个autoreclose系统，单杆autoreclose和多拍autoreclose。单次autoreclose

四单杆autoreclose模式类型提供：单相autoreclose，三相autoreclose，单相和三相autoreclose和多阶段autoreclose。选择一个最佳模式由autoreclose模式选择开关[arc- m]。在任何情况下，autoreclose只执行一次。如果故障重合闸后仍然继续状态的，三阶段的最后跳闸被激活。

单相autoreclose：

在这种模式下，只有故障相跳闸，然后重新密封如果单相接地故障发生。在一个多阶段的故障时，三相跳闸，但不进行重合闸。既然电力供应可以通过安全的阶段，即使在传输的死区时间，这种模式是维持系统稳定方便。另一方面，健康之间的相和故障相电容耦合效应可能会导致较长的去电离

时间相比于三相autoreclose。因此，较长的死时间是必需的。关键是要正确地确定故障的阶段。该GRL100提供相隔离的电流差动保护的正确判断故障相（s）。对于单相autoreclose，每个断路器阶段必须进行隔离。这就是重合闸方式表达为

“SPAR的”在下面的说明。

三相autoreclose：

在此autoreclose模式，三阶段是暂停，然后重新密封的故障模式，不论是否单相故障或多相故障。更短的死区时间可设定在此模式。相比单相autoreclose，对于三相autoreclose同步检查和母线之间和线路电压检查是必需的。这简直是重合闸方式表达为“SPAR & TPAR”的说明。

单相和三相autoreclose：

在此autoreclose模式，单相重合闸跳闸和执行，如果是单相故障时，而三相跳闸和重合闸如果是进行多相位故障发生。这简直是重合闸方式表达为“SPAR & TPAR”的说明。

多相autoreclose：

此autoreclose模式可以适用于双回线。在这种模式下，只有错误阶段是重新密封时暂停双回线的终端互连，在暂停时间内通过至少两个或三个不同阶段。这种模式实现高速同步，电压检查无多相位故障重合闸和最大限度地减少中断的双回线双误的情况的可能性。如果相互关联的条件不满足，所有阶段都暂停和重合闸未启动。这简直是重合闸方式表达为“MPAR2”两阶段的互连和“MPAR3”三个阶段，在下面的描述联网时3。对于多相autoreclose详细的性能，请参阅附录在B型和GPS模式，多阶段autoreclose可应用于如果RYIDSV 功能不适用的情况下。单次autoreclose可应用于一个断路器

合闸和双断路器在一个和一个半断路器合闸母线系统。

连拍autoreclose

在多拍autoreclose，任何两到四杆重合可以选择。在任何情况下，被选中的第一个镜头从四个autoreclose模式类型，在上述单杆autoreclose描述。所有的连续拍摄（最多三次），它们可被用于第一次如果失败的情况下--是三相跳闸和重合闸。连拍autoreclose不能应用于两个断路器在一个和一个半断路器合闸母线系统。该autoreclose，也可以激活从外部线路保护。在这个时候，所有autoreclose上述模式是有效的。如果故障发生在下列情况下，三阶段的最后跳闸执行和autoreclose受阻：

1.重合闸闭锁信号接收来自外部单位在本地或远程。

2.在整个回收时间。为不断发展之间的断层，在单相跳闸和重合闸死时有发生，“SPAR & TPAR”功能如下。为不断发展的故障，在第一时间从期限内发生故障，重合闸

模式进入三相autoreclose模式。在这个时候，总死亡时间成为三相autoreclose添加到死区时间为单相autoreclose死区时间已过期到不断变化的点时发生故障。为不断发展的故障，在设定的时间后发生的，三阶段的最后执行跳闸，重合闸和不执行。如果发生故障时，一个不断发展的“SPAR”被选中，三阶段的最后跳闸执行，并且不进行重合闸。如果一个不断发展的故障发生时，“MPAR2”或“MPAR3”被选中，死区时间

为叙述提供的网络连接电路用限定条件得到满足。

常见职务、职位英文翻译

常见职位、职务英文译名 Accounting Assistant 会计助理 Accounting Clerk 记帐员 Accounting Manager 会计部经理 Accounting Stall 会计部职员 Accounting Supervisor 会计主管 Administration Manager 行政经理 Administration Staff 行政人员 Administrative Assistant 行政助理 Administrative Clerk 行政办事员 Advertising Staff 广告工作人员 Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员 Airlines Staff 航空公司职员 Application Engineer 应用工程师 Assistant Manager 副经理 Bond Analyst 证券分析员 Bond Trader 证券交易员 Business Controller 业务主任 Business Manager 业务经理 Buyer 采购员 Cashier 出纳员 Chemical Engineer 化学工程师 Civil Engineer 土木工程师 Clerk/Receptionist 职员／接待员 Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书 Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员 Computer Engineer 计算机工程师 Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员 Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理 Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人 Deputy General Manager 副总经理 Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理 Electrical Engineer 电气工程师 Engineering Technician 工程技术员 English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师

4英语翻译技巧-直、音、意译

英语翻译方法：直译与意译 这里所讲翻译方法是指通过英、汉两种语言特点对比，分析其异同，阐述表达原文的一般规律。英、汉语结构有相同一面，汉译时可照译，即所谓“直译”——既忠实原文内容，又符合原文结构形式,能传达原文意义，体现原文风格等。但这两种语言之间还有许多差别，如完全照译，势必出现“英化汉语”，这时就需要“意译”，在忠实原文内容前提下，摆脱原文结构束缚，使译文符合汉语规范。特别要注意是：“直译”不等于“死译”，“意译”也不等于“乱译”。试比较： 1、直译与死译 原文结构与汉语结构是一致，照译即可。但如果原文结构与汉语不一致，仍然采取直译方法，就成“死译”了。如： ①、In some automated plants electronic computers control the entire production line. 在某些自动化工厂，电子计算机控制整个生产线。（直译） ②、The earth acts like a big magnet．地球作用着像一块大磁铁。（死译） ③、Manganese has the same effect on the strength of steel as silicon. 锰有同样影响在强度上像硅。（死译） 例②、例③既不忠实原意，又不符合汉语表达方式。因此，必须运用“词类转换”广成分转换”、“词（语）序调整”等手段使译文通顺。例②、例③应分别译为：“地球作用像一块大磁铁。”…“锰像硅一样会影响钢强度。” 2、意译和乱译 只有在正确理解原文基础上，运用相应翻译方法以调整原文结构，用规范汉语加以表达，这才真正做到“意译”。翻译实践证明，大量英语句子汉译都要采取“意译法”。 如果把“意译”理解为凭主观臆想来理解原文，可以不分析原文结构，只看词面意义，自己编造句子，势必造成“乱译”。如： It is easy to compress a gas，it is just a matter of reducing the space between the molecules. Like a liquid a gas has no shape，but unlike a liquid it will expand and fill any container it is put in.气体是很容易压缩，这正是压缩分子之间距离根据。气体和液体一样没有形状，但又不同于液体，气体膨胀时会充满任何盛放它容器。（乱译） 例句中“乱译”是由主观臆想（不正确选择词义、任意转换成分）造成。在这里，将matter译成“根据”在物理学上是讲不通，因为“压缩气体也就是减少分子之间距离”，两者是一回事。matter应作“事情”、“问题”解。 将will expand任意转换为时间状语，致使不符合原义。will expand and fill应译为“会扩张并充满”。综上所述，原译文可改为“气体很容易压缩，那只不过是缩小分子之间距离而已。气体和液体一样没有形状，但又不同于液体，因为气体会扩张并充满任何盛放它容器。” 就翻译方法而论，总来说，就是“直译法和意译法相结合”，又可细分为“照译”、“词义引伸”、“成分转换”、“句转成分”等译法。 英语翻译训练方法-直译 直译是一种重要的翻译方法，它有不少优点，例如能传达原文意义，体现原文风格等。据估算，大约70%的句子要用直译方法来处理，所以直译广为译者采用，由此可见直译法之重要。但是，直译具有一定的局限性。例如译文有时冗长罗唆，晦涩难懂，有时不能正确传达原文意义，有时甚至事与愿违。所以，如果不顾场合条件，不顾中外两种语言的差异，一味追求直译，就必然闯红灯，进入误区，造成误译。直译之所以有误区，是因为语言的形式与内容，句子的表层结构与深层意义有时不统一；另一方面，中外文化历史背景不同，造成了不同的思维方式和不同的语言表达形式。不少人批评过直译硬译，指出过直译有局限性，但是直译到底有哪些局限性，它都表现在什么地方。英语直译至少有五大误区，明确这些误区，就要在翻译中避免一些错误，就可在直译行不通的地方采用意译。 一、否定句型中的直译误区

电气英语翻译

Heat sink 散热器 Forward conduction 正向导通 Thyristor 晶闸管 Solid-state power device 固态功率器件 Silicon wafer 硅片，硅晶片 Self-latching 自锁 电流额定值current rating 反向击穿电压reverse breakdown voltage 负电流脉冲negative current pulse 交流电动机相位控制phase control AC motor 反向并联二极管reverse shunting diode 正信号positive signal Gate-turn-off thyristors 可关断晶闸管 固态功率器件基础 2.1 引言 在这一章中我们重点讨论固态功率器件，并且只讨论它们在相位控制或频率控制的三相460V交流鼠笼式感应电动机的应用。 2.2 固态功率器件 应用于固态交流电动机控制的功率半导体主要的五个类型如下： （1）二极管 （2）晶闸管（例如：硅控整流器SCRs） （3）（电子）晶体管 （4）可关断晶闸管 （5）双向可控硅 硅控整流器和双向可控硅通常用于相位控制。各种各样的二极管制品、硅控整流器、电子晶体管和可开断晶体管都应用于速度控制。这些器件的共性是：利用硅晶体薄片层层堆叠构成PN结的各种组合。在二极管、硅控整流器和可关断晶闸管中，P结常被叫作阳极，N结常被叫做阴极，在电子晶体管中相应的被叫做集电极和发射极。这些器件的区别在于导通和关断的方法及电流和电压的容量。 让我们来简答看一下这些器件，了解一下他们的参数。 2.2.1 二极管 图2.1是一个二极管。左边是一个中间有硅晶片的PN结，右边是单个二极管的表示符号。当阳极为正阴极为负时，会有电流通过，二极管本身伴随着一个比较小的压降。当极性相反时，只有很小的反向漏电流通过，这在图2.2中有表现出来。正向压降一般是1V左右，与电流额定值无关。 （PN结阳极阴极单个二极管PN结和表示符号） 二极管的正向电流额定值取决于起大小和设计，而这二者是根据器件的散热要求来确定的，一保证掐进不超过最大结温（通常是200℃）。 反向击穿电压（见图2.2）是二极管的另一个重要参数，它的数值较二极管尺寸大小更多地取决于其内部设计。

常见职务职位英文翻译

常见职务职位英文翻译 希望对你有帮助哦!总公司Head Office分公司Branch Office营业部Business Office人事部Personnel Department(人力资源部)Human Resources Department总务部General Affairs Department财务部General Accounting Department销售部Sales Department促销部Sales Promotion Department国际部International Department出口部Export Department进口部Import Department公共关系Public Relations Department广告部Advertising Department企划部Planning Department产品开发部Product Development Department研发部Research and Development Department(R&D)秘书室Secretarial PoolAccounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师

商务英语翻译练习 - 直译与意译

Translation exercises A.Translate the following sentences into Chinese: 1.I’ve read your articles and I expected to meet an older man. 2.The ship turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of water beside her. 3.To appease their thirst its readers drank deeper than before, until they were seized with a kind of delirium. 4.For White, to disclose his long-held privacy means to strike the heel of Achilles. 5.In the court action, Alain sprang his trump card by calling a surprise witness. 6.Jefferson believed that the Baghdad Pact had already been reduced to less than a shadow. 7.We in Zambia would like to build a color-blind society where all can have equal opportunities. 8.Every time Robert visits me, one of my books disappears. I’m beginning to smell a rat. 9.We are very sorry to disappoint you, but hope you will understand that stock offers are a touch-and-go kind of things. 10. What sort of force does the sun exert on the planets which causes the planets to move according to the laws which Kepler has discovered. B.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese In 1776, Adam Smith, a Scottish economist, wrote the wealth of Nations, a book that has had an enormous influence on American economic development. Like many other thinkers, Smith believed that in a capitalist system people are naturally selfish and are moved to engage in manufacturing and trade in order to gain wealth and power. Smith’s originality was to argue that such activity is beneficial because it leads to increased production and sharpens competition. As a result, goods circulate more widely and at lower prices, jobs are created, and wealth is spread. Though people may act from the narrow desire to enrich themselves, Smith argued, “an invisible hand” guides them to enrich and improve all of society. And yet, American industrial development in the 19th century took a toll on working men and women. Factory owners often required them to put in long hours of low wages, provided them with unsafe and unhealthy workplaces, and hired the children of poor families. There was discrimination in hiring: African Americans and members of some immigrant groups were rejected or forced to work under highly unfavorable conditions.

电气英文文献+翻译

POWER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ABSTRACT The basic function of the electric power system is to transport the electric power towards customers. The l0kV electric distribution net is a key point that connects the power supply with the electricity using on the industry, business and daily-life. For the electric power, allcostumers expect to pay the lowest price for the highest reliability, but don't consider that it's self-contradictory in the co-existence of economy and reliable.To improve the reliability of the power supply network, we must increase the investment cost of the network construction But, if the cost that improve the reliability of the network construction, but the investment on this kind of construction would be worthless if the reducing loss is on the power-off is less than the increasing investment on improving the reliability .Thus we find out a balance point to make the most economic,between the investment and the loss by calculating the investment on power net and the loss brought from power-off. KEYWARDS：power supply and distribution,power distribution reliability，reactive compensation,load distribution

常见职位职务英文翻译

常见职位职务英文翻译 Accounting Assistant会计助理 Accounting Clerk记帐员 Accounting Manager会计部经理 Accounting Stall会计部职员 Accounting Supervisor会计主管 Administration Manager行政经理 Administration Staff行政人员 Administrative Assistant行政助理 Administrative Clerk行政办事员 Advertising Staff广告工作人员 Airlines Sales Representative航空公司定座员 Airlines Staff航空公司职员 Application Engineer应用工程师 Assistant Manager副经理 Bond Analyst证券分析员 Bond Trader证券交易员 Business Controller业务主任 Business Manager业务经理 Buyer采购员 Cashier出纳员 Chemical Engineer化学工程师 Civil Engineer土木工程师 Clerk/Receptionist职员／接待员 Clerk Typist&Secretary文书打字兼秘书 Computer Data Input Operator计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer计算机工程师 Computer Processing Operator计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager计算机系统部经理 Copywriter广告文字撰稿人 Deputy General Manager副总经理 Economic Research Assistant经济研究助理 Electrical Engineer电气工程师 Engineering Technician工程技术员 English Instructor/Teacher英语教师 Export Sales Manager外销部经理 Export Sales Staff外销部职员 Financial Controller财务主任 Financial Reporter财务报告人 F.X.(Foreign Exchange)Clerk外汇部职员 F.X.Settlement Clerk外汇部核算员 Fund Manager财务经理 General Auditor审计长 General Manager/President总经理

英语 直译与意译-试讲教案

Good morning，class. In the last period we have learned chapter one-General principles of translation. And we have studied two important points: Definition of translation and the competence of a translator. And I will check you in the next class. As what we have mentioned last period, the process of translation consists of two phases: comprehension and expression. (理解和表达) Generally speaking, comprehension is of foremost importance, and express is the natural consequence of thorough comprehension. However, in the practice of translation, we may find that now and then some words in their usual senses are very difficult to deal with because of the disparity between the English and the Chinese language. In this case, we have to resort to some special means of translation. Literal translation and free translation are two alternative approaches to tackle this problem. So, in this class, we are going to learn translation strategies in 1.4.1, literal translation and free translation. To begin with, what’s literal translation and free translation? Please open your books and turn to page 12. Literal translation Vs. Free translation 1. Literal translation may be defined as having the following characteristics: 1). Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translating. 直译把句子作为基本单位，同时在翻译的过程中也考虑整个文本。 2). Literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech. 直译是要再现文本的中心内容和原文风格，并且尽可能保留原文的修辞。 2. Free translation may be defined as a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech. And it is adopted only when and where really impossible for translators to do literal translation. 意译其实是直译的一种补充的翻译手段。意译就是尽可能传达原文的意思和精髓，

电气专业英语翻译

Foundation of PLC 1. The central processing unit Although referred to as the brain of the system, the Central Processing Unit in a normal installation is the unsung hero, buried in a control cabinet, all but forgotten. 2. Basic Functionality In a programmable controller system, the central processing unit(CPU) provides both the heart and the brain required for successful and timely control execution. It rapidly and efficiently scans all of the system inputs, examines and solves the application logic, and updates all of the system outputs. In addition, it also gives itself a checkup each scan to ensure that its structure is still intact. In this chapter we will examine the central processing unit as it relates to the entire system. Included will be the various functional blocks in the CPU, typical scan techniques, I/O interface and memory users, power supplies, and system diagnostics. 3. Typical Function Block Interactions In practice, the central processing unit can vary in its architecture, but consists of the basic building block structure illustrated in Fig.1.1.The processing section consists of one or more microprocessors and their associated circuitry. While it is true that some of the luxury of using microprocessors, most modern systems use either a single microprocessors such as the AMD 2903, usedin a bit slice architecture. This multiple microprocessor system to break the control system tasks into many small components which can be executed in parallel. The result of this approach is to achieve execution speeds that are orders of magnitude faster than their single-tasking counterparts. In addition to efficiently processing direct I/O control information and being programmable, the real advantage that microprocessor-based system have over their hardwired relay counterparts is the ability to acquire and manipulate numerical data easily. It is this attribute that makes programmable controllers the powerhouses that they are today in solving tough factory automation problems. The factory of tomorrow will run efficiently only if quality information about process needs and status of the process equipment are known on a realtimes basis. This can and will come about only if the unit level controllers, including programmable controllers, are empowered with the ability to collect, analyze, concentrate, and deliver data about the process. As the

浅谈英语翻译中的直译和意译资料讲解

浅谈英语翻译中的直 译和意译

浅谈英语翻译中的直译和意译 一）、Literal translation 直译（异化法 foreignization ） Free translation 意译（归化法 domestication） 英、汉两种语言在结构和语义表达方面存在着雷同和差异，翻译时有时用直译，有时用意译。 （1）、直译(Literal translation)指不仅忠实于原文内容,而且忠实于原文形式的翻译方法. 直译把忠于原文内容放在第一位，把忠于原文形式放在第二位，要求在保持原文内容的前提下，力求使译文与原文在选词用字、句法结构、形象比喻及风格特征等方面尽可能趋同(无限接近)。 直译把通顺的译文形式放在第三位。 （1.1）直译的应用： （1.1.1）某些习语和短语的翻译，例如 cold war 冷战 hot line 热线 spicy girl 辣妹 black market 黑市 paper tiger纸老虎 Blood is thicker than water 血浓于水 The heart is seen in wine. 酒后吐真言 （1.1.2）含义广为流传，读者较为熟悉的短语、习语等, 直译可以丰富译语语言。例如： A. He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief. 他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时用一条大手绢抹去那鳄鱼的眼泪。 B. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee today extended the olive branch to the Clinton Government by pleading for cooperation in developing foreign policy.

建筑电气英文翻译

建筑电气 电气工程设计包括两个主要的设计方面。主要是一部分的电能的转换及分配和电力的供配、照明系统、防雷接地系统。一般来说,建筑主要的变化包括:高压和低压配电系统、变压器、备用电源系统。电力系统包括配电和控制，室内和室外照明系统包括所有类型的照明，防雷系统包括入侵波防护、闪电传感器、接地、等电位连接和局部等电位连接等。辅助等电位连接等。在短短的20年里,系统在技术和产品的面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化。许多的设计理念也发生了巨大的变化。开关设备如高压系统的第一个断路器油断路器，后来油断路器的逐步发展,不仅规模大,但是一般都包含油物质。由于开关设备尺寸较大,我们还必须建立独立的设备房间,占据了大量的建筑面积。现在真空断路器和六氟化硫断路器,不仅体积小,而且短路容量大，外壳尺寸远小于原来的橱柜，并且断路器没有任何油,防火性能大大提高。而且断路器和其他低压设备在一个房间里,这样即节省空间又方便管理。过去大容量的低压断路器,短路电流容量逐渐变大,规模也逐渐变小,而且更加稳定,使系统运行更加安全可靠,为设计带来了方便。向着智能化低压断路器方向发展,断路器各种参数可以通过总线工业控制,信号直接传输到计算机。 干式变压器的出现,对建筑电气设计带来了极大的方便,因为没有变压器油泄漏和火灾的可能性,以便它可以很容易地安装在建筑本身,甚至直接到负荷中心。它还消除变压器对油的需求限制,构建大容量设备时可以使用干式变压器。在实际工程设计中曾应用四个台湾2500kVA干式变压器。 在使用紧急发电机方面,从性能和尺寸的角度来看,比过去进步很多。除了使用柴油发电机；应急照明使用EPS备用电源；中断供电在一个毫秒以内的设备,可以使用UPS。 电力设备的控制从单一元件的控制到控制继电器控制变化。除了更好的性能的各种组件的规模较小,也降低控制箱的规模。由于数字技术更多的运用于控制能达到最佳的控制状态来控制设备。进一步提高了节能的效果。 照明系统从过去单一光源、灯具和低效率的状态向更广泛的前景发展。建筑中使用的光源可供选择的品种数量很多。光的发光效率和色调在向着高效的方向发展,灯具不断地改进其效率和不同形式的灯具运用于不同场合。例如,普通的荧光灯镇流器由普通的镇流器向节能型镇流器方向发展。还对谐波组件的大小进行精简,生产低谐波电子镇流器。许多措施如配件和灯具的使用,可以满足设计要求,同时能实现不同的体系结构、照明要求的各种场所。无论照明和室内装饰照明还是道路照明和户外庭院建筑的光照明,所有的都展示了照明技术的发展和建筑照明的好处与便利。

各种职位的英文翻译

各种职位的英文翻译 qa 是英文 quality assurance 的简称，中文含义是质量保证； qc 是英文 quality control 的简称，中文含义是质量控 制。 IPQC 是过程检验工程师 JQE 是品质工程师 DQA 是设计品保工程师 SQE 共货商管理工程师 Administration( 行政部分) 行政主管 File Clerk 档案管理员 行政助理 Office Manager 办公室经理 行政秘书 Receptionist 接待员 办公室文员 Secretary 秘书 Inventory Control Analyst 存货控制分析 Staff Assistant 助理 Mail Room Supervisor 信件中心管理员 Stenographer 速记员 Order Entry Clerk 订单输入文员 Telephone Operator 电话操作 员 Shipping/Receiving Expediter 收发督导员 Ticket Agent 票务代理 Vice-President of Administration 行政副总裁 Typist 打字员 Executive and Managerial( 管理部分 ) Retail Store Manager 零售店经理 Food Service Manager 食品服务经理 Executive Marketing Director 市场行政总监 HMO Administrator 医疗保险管理 Assistant Store Manager 商店经理助理 Operations Manager 操作经理 Assistant Vice-President 副总裁助理 Production Manager 生产经理 Chief Executive Officer(CEO) 首席执行官 Property Manager 房地产经理 Chief Operations Officer(COO) 首席运营官 Branch Manager 部门经理 Controller(International) 国际监管 Claims Examiner 主考官 Director of Operations 运营总监 Controller(General) 管理员 Field Assurance Coordinator 土地担保协调员 General Manager 总经理 Management Consultant 管理顾问 District Manager 市区经理 Hospital Administrator 医院管理 President 总统 Import/Export Manager 进出口经理 Product Manager 产品经理 Insurance Claims Controller 保险认领管理员 Program Manager 程序管理经理 Insurance Coordinator 保险协调员 Project Manager 项目经理 Inventory Control Manager 库存管理经理 Regional Manager 区域经理 Manager(Non-Profit and Charities) 非盈利性慈善机构管理 Service Manager 服务经理 Manufacturing Manager 制造业经理 Vending Manager 售买经理 Telecommunications Manager 电信业经理 Vice-President 副总裁 Transportation Manager 运输经理 Warehouse Manager 仓库经理 Education and Library Science( 教育部分 ) Daycare Worker 保育员 ESL Teacher 第二外语教师 Developmental Educator 发展教育家 Head Teacher 高级教师 Foreign Language Teacher 外语教师 Librarian 图书管理员 Guidance Counselor 指导顾问 Music Teacher 音乐教师 Library Technician 图书管理员 Nanny 保姆 Physical Education Teacher 物理教师 Principal 校长 School Psychologist 心理咨询教师 Teacher 教师 Special Needs Educator 特种教育家 Teacher Aide 助理教师 Art Instructor 艺术教师 Computer Teacher 计算机教师 College Professor 大学教授 Coach 教练员 Assistant Dean of Students 助理训导长 Archivist 案卷保管员 Vocational Counselor 职业顾问 Tutor 家教、辅导教师 Auditor 审计师 Accountant 会计员，会计师 Administration Assistant 行政助理 Administrator 行政主管 Assistant Manager 副经理 Assistant Production Manager 副厂长 Business Manager 业务经理 Cashier 出纳员 Chief Accountant 总会计主任 Chief Engineer 总工程师 Civil Engineer 土木工程师 Clerk 文员(文书) Director 董事 Electrical Engineer 电气工程师 Executive Director 行政董事 Executive Secretary 行政秘书 Financial Controller 财务总监 Foreman 领班，组长 General manager 总经理 Junior clerk 低级文员（低级职员） Manager 经理 Marketing Executive 市场部主任 Marketing Manager 市场部经理 Marketing Officer 市场部办公室主任 Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师 Merchandiser 买手（商人） Messenger 信差（邮递员） Office Assistant 写字楼助理（办事员） Administrative Director Executive Assistant Executive Secretary General Office Clerk

电气专业术语中英对照

一．电气名词Electric items 二．线路（母线、回路）Lines (Bus , circuits) 三．设备Equipments 四．保护、继电器Protection , relays 五．电气仪表Electric instruments 六．防雷Lightning protection 七．接地Grounding , earthing 八．室、所Room , Substation 九．电修车间设备Equipments of electric repair 十．材料Material 十一．图名Drawings , diagrams 十二．表头Tables 十三．标准图词汇Terms from standard DWG 一．电气名词Electric items 交（直）流Alternating (direct) current 短路电流Short-circuit current 起始次暂态短路电流Initial subtransient short-circuit current 冲击电流Impulse current 稳态短路电流Steady state short-circuit current 临界电流Critical current 切断电流Rupturing current 熔断电流Blow-out current 故障电流Fault current 计算电流Calculating current 极限有限电流Limit effective current 过电流Over current 逆电流Inverse current 整定电流Setting current 额定电流Rated current 电流密度Current density 短路电流最大有效值Maximum effective value of short-circuit current 高压High-voltage , High-tension 低压Low-voltage , Low-tension 计算电压Calculating voltage 激磁电压Exciting voltage 冲击电压Impulse voltage 临界电压Critical voltage