英语专业四级考试作文写作技巧.doc

英语专业四级考试作文写作技巧

(一)写作题的性质

写作是人们表达思想的一种重要手段，我们称之为comprehensive test 的综合测试，体现的是学生综合运用语言的能力。因为它不仅考核考生对词汇的掌握、对语法的应用，同时也考查了学生的表达能力、思维的逻辑性和条理性。我们知道，学习英语需掌握四种技能：听、说、读、写。听和读是语言的input(输入)过程，因而对于听力和阅读的测试是考查学习者的被动英文技能；说和写是语言的output(输出)过程，对于口语和写作的测试则是考查学习者的主动英文技能。学习者的被动英文水平往往高于主动英文水平，因此听力理解材料的难度往往大于口语的内容，阅读理解材料的难度往往要大于写作。由此可见，在经过两年基础专业课的学习后，学习者应该将重点放在把被动英文水平转化成主动英文水平上。一旦我们的大脑有了大量的语言输出之后，就能达到出口成章、下笔有神的境界。

(二)英语专业四级写作要求

(1)能根据各种不同的听读材料笔头回答问题，复述内容写摘要、写提纲和记笔记。

(2)能根据题目列出写作提纲，在一小时内写出200～250词的短文。

以上均要求做到内容完整、条理清楚，语法基本正确，语言通顺恰当。

(3)能写一般的书信、通知、便条、请帖，填写简单的表格，格式正确，语言得体。

写作课培养学生初步写作能力，包括提纲、文章摘要、短文以及最简单的常用应用文。

(三)考试大纲对英语专业写作的要求和规定

(1)测试目的：按照英语专业基础阶段英语教学大纲的要求，检查学生在基础阶段末期的英语写作能力。

(2)题型：主观试题，分为section a和section b两个部分。

section a: composition写作文

section b: note-writing写便条

(3)测试要求：

a)作文。要求根据所给的题目和列出的写作提纲或图表、数字统计表等(也附有写作提纲) 写一篇150词的短文，能做到内容切题、完整，条理清楚，文章结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺恰当。作文的类别有说明文、议论文或记叙文。考试时间为35分钟。

b)便条。要求根据提示写大约50～60词的便条、通知、请帖等。要求做到格式正确，语言得体。考试时间为10分钟。

(四)英语专业四级写作的评分标准

1.作文的评分标准

(1)文章内容切题、丰富，文章通顺，表达清楚。

(2)行文流畅。

(3)组织严密，逻辑性强。

(4)句型多样化，句法结构正确。

(5)用词得体、恰当、丰富。

(6)语法正确。

(7)拼写及标点正确，书写整洁。

(五)高分密招

很多学习者翻开作文书籍，就如同想打开一本武功秘籍，只希望看到5个字母trick(技巧) 。技巧固然十分重要，但在应试准备中，常常需要70%的基础和30%的技巧。这里要提醒大家的是，不可高估技巧的作用，犹如在武打片中，要想得到某某宝典和剑法，是需要付出惨痛的代价的。

1.在考场中，常常感到无话可说，该怎么办?

的确，在考场中有些考生由于紧张，常常会出现大脑一片空白，在10

分钟之内动不了笔。对于这种在考场中思维短路的现象，有两种对策。

对策一：逆向思维法。考生在拿到一个作文话题、但不知该如何动笔时，可以去联想有关该话题的具体事件，从具体事件中提炼出观点，再将观点反弹回去，即topic具体事件观点。例如看到the advantage and disadvantage of tv这个文章题目时，如果不知如何下笔，可以去联想一些具体的电视节目。一提到电视节目，就会自然而然地想到《新闻联播》。

《新闻联播》有哪些好处呢?当然是开拓视野，了解世界。同时，还会联

想到一些暴力片和色情片，它们对儿童的身心健康发展不利。

对策二：正说反说法。考生在写作中感到观点空洞茫然，不易理论清楚，甚至不知从何谈起时，可以从正、反两个方面对议题进行“摆事实，讲道理”，即“如果这样，就会怎么样；如果不这样，又会怎么样”。

2.在写作中，遇到不会表达的词语该怎么办?

对于母语是中文的学习者，其中文词汇量往往大于英文词汇量，在英文写作中遇到不能表达的词语是最正常不过的事情了。但有的考生在遇到

不会拼写的单词时，往往绞尽脑汁，

冥思苦想，结果造成思维短路，得不偿失。其实，对于这种情况，也有两种对策。

对策一：用其近义词代替。

如在写student use of computer这篇作文时，很多同学以“在最近

10年里，学生使用电脑的小时数一直在增加”这句话来开头。“10年”

可以用decade表示，“增加”可以用ascend表示。但是不知道这两个

词或对于它们的拼写没有把握时，可用其近义词表示，如“10年”直接

用ten years就可以，“增加”还可用increase, go up, ri se, grow, jump, climb等。在这个时候，考生必须遵守“宁为瓦全，不可玉碎”的原则。这就要求在平时注意多收集一些同义词。如在每一篇作文中都会用到的一个单词“认为”，英文中有很多单词来表达此义，如think, agree, claim, maintain, argue, believe, h old, suggest, view?as, regard?as,

consider?(as)。又如另一个单词“目前，最近” ，可用nowadays, these years, recently, lately, currently, at present。此外，同义词的收集与运用有助于考生在写作中用词多样化。

对策二：当考生在写作中，既找不到该词的近义词，又不能用解释性的语言进行阐述时，考生可以考虑用其上义词或下义词来代替。

上义词是对事物的概括性、抽象性说明；下义词是事物的具体表现形式。如owing a car这篇文章谈到拥有汽车的弊端，其中有一点是汽车会排放出一氧化碳(carbon oxide)和二氧化碳(carbon dioxide),对空气造成污染。当然，如果不知道如何拼写，更不知该如何去释义一氧化碳和二氧化碳时，可以用它们的上义词poisonous gases来表示，因为不论是一氧化碳还是二氧化碳都是有毒气体。又如getting to know the world outside the campus(大学生该如何走出校园了解世界)，提纲的第二点要求是大学生了解社会的途径( 大众媒体、社会服务等)。“大众媒体”为mass media，“社会服务”为social service。如果考生不会表达，但是在提纲里又明确规定不能不写时，可以用其下义词来代替。大众媒体的具体表现形式是tv，radio, newspaper, internet；社会服务的具体表现形式则为par t|time job, tutoring等。因而，考生在写作中遇到不会表达的单词时，应该沉着冷静，考虑用其近义词、上义词或下义词来代替。

如何给阅卷老师留下美好的第一印象

要想作文获得高分，显而易见就是要给阅卷老师留下美好的印象。老师

们的阅卷过程是郁闷枯燥的。使自己的文章在大约1分钟的阅读时间内，迅速地在他们的脑海中形成较多的兴奋点，是至关重要的。

首先，作文的写作时间为35分钟，合理的时间安排为10+20+5，前面的10分钟用来读题审题，构思并列提纲，接着的20分钟用来按照提纲写作，最后5分钟用来检查及润色。合理的时间安排是写出优秀作文的必不可少的第一步。

其次，卷面的设置。要想让阅卷老师对你的作文试卷有一种赏心悦目的感觉，作文的排版应该不多于2/3，不少于1/3，要留有余地，不要将卷面写得密密麻麻。字体不要过大或过小。字迹要工整。段落方面，英语专业四级考试作文的特点决定了作文写法的基本框架为三段论。俗话说，事不过三，超过了三段后就会让人感到过于繁琐。并且应当注意的是，每段开头都应该有缩进，留有两个单词的位置。

再次，除了形式之外，作文的内容也尤其重要。阅卷老师阅卷一般是从第一段看语言，从第二段看结构。这就要求考生的作文开头部分以及每一段的第一句一定要写得像英文，不要出现任何的拼写或语法错误。除了语言的地道外，还要求作文有层次感。可以用一系列表示逻辑关系的连词，即路标词来表示思路的清晰，如and, however, furthermore,also, what"s more等。此外，还可以用对等的句式结构，如for one thing, for another； on the one hand, on the other hand等来增加文章的层次感。总之，议论文对语言的要求主要体现在三个方面：①用恰当的逻辑词表现文章的逻辑性。②要注意自然段与主题句的运用，即用自然段表现出文章的逻辑性，并在每段中用主题句说明要点，给人一目了然的感觉。③

要注意句型结构，注意每句的重心和句与句之间的衔接，使句意一环扣一环，避免松散。

便条的写作

便条是一种简单的书信形式。要求学生仔细阅读和分析所给的情景，确定便条所涉及的内容，如写便条者与便条接收者的身份、两者之间的关系及情景的正式程度等。便条的特点在于内容简短，大多是临时性的询问、留言、通知、要求等。与正规书信相比，便条的语言更为口语化。有急事需告诉别人而又不能面谈时，就可以写便条，如请假条、留言条等。一般不写地址，与普通书信基本相同。结尾时也无需要结尾礼词，只需要写上便条者姓名。便条的日期一般只要写上星期几，也可以写明上午、下午的具体时间。便条具有用途广泛、形式简单、文字要求不十分严格的特点。

大学英语四级作文5篇范文

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大学英语四级写作技巧简介.doc

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