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最新版初中英语主要时态系列(七)—— 过去完成时讲解及练习(有答案)

最新版初中英语主要时态系列(七)—— 过去完成时讲解及练习(有答案)
最新版初中英语主要时态系列(七)—— 过去完成时讲解及练习(有答案)

最新版初中英语主要时态系列(七)——过去完成时讲解及练习(有

答案)

一. 过去完成时的概念与结构

概念:表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过(past-in-the-past )”。

构成:“助动词had + 过去分词”,其中had 通用于各种人称。

They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.在到达旅馆之前,他们已经吃过了早饭。

She had finished writing the composition by 10:00 this morning.今天早晨10点之前,她已经写完了作文。

二. 过去完成时的用法

用法1.表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在“过去的过去”。例如:

When I woke up, it had stopped raining.我醒来时,雨已经停了。(雨停发生在醒来之前,即“过去的过去”)

用法2. 表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。例如:

By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. 到去年年底为止,他已经在这个工厂工作了20年。(到去年年底为止已工作了20 年,还有继续进行下去的可能)

三. 过去完成时的判断依据

1. 由时间状语来判定

一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:

(1)by + 过去的时间点,例如:

I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 到昨天晚上九点钟为止,我已经读完了这本小说。

(2)by the end of + 过去的时间点,例如:

We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.到上学期末为止,我们已经学了两千多单词。

(3)before + 过去的时间点,例如:

They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.在上周三之前,他们已经植了六百棵树。

2. 由“过去的过去”来判定

过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指在过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:

(1)宾语从句中

当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。例如:

She said that she had seen the film before. 她说她之前看过这部电影。

(2)状语从句中

在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。例如:

When I got to the station, the train had already left.当我到达车站的时候,火车已经离开了。

注意:before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。例如:

Where did you study before you came here?在你来这里之前,你在哪里学习?

After he closed the door, he left the classroom.他关上门后,离开了教室。

(3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…",例如:

We had thought that you would come, but you didn't.我原认为你会来的,但是你没有。

3. 根据上、下文来判定

I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.昨天我在街上

遇到了王涛。自从他去了北京我们一直还没有见过彼此。

四. 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别

虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下两点:

1. 时间状语不同,过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较:

They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.到昨天十点为止,他们已经到达了车站。

They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.他们在昨天十点的时候到达车站。

2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断,先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。例如:

She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 她很高兴。她的全家对她也很满意。她刚刚在作文比赛中得了第一。

五、练习及答案

【典型考例】John and I____ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we_____ each other a couple of times before that. A. had been; have met B. have been; have metC. had been; had met D. have been; had met

【析】正确答案是D。句意是:约翰和我是8年的朋友了。我们第一次是在一词圣诞聚会上互相认识的。但是这那之前我们就已经碰过好几次面了。第一句指从过去延续到现在的状况,应使用现在完成时“have(has)+过去分词”,第二句表示在我们成为朋友之前过去的动作,即“过去的过去”,应使用过去完成时“had+过去分词”,因此本题的正确答案为D。

一、

1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.

2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).

3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).

4. The robbers _____________ (run )away before the policemen _______ (arrive).

5. I __________ (turn) off all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.

6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.

7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.

8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.

9. She told me she _________________(be) to Chongqing three times.

10.He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher.

11.When I ______________(get) at the station, the train ____________________(leave).

12.We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.

13. I waited until he _______________(finish) his homework.

14. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do)

二、

1. I lost the book I________.

A.have bought B.bought C.had bought D.had been bought

2.The bus ______ when I arrived at the bus stop.

A.has gone B.went C.had gone D is going

3.Tom ____of visiting his grandmother,but the bad weather made him change his mind.A.has thought B.thought C.had thought D.had been thought

4.—Did you meet Tom at the airport?

—No,he ___by the time I ___there.

A.has left;got B.had left;arrived C.left;arrived D.left;had got

5.—Why didn't Tom attend the meeting yesterday?

—He ____Beijing.

A.has gone to B.had gone to C.went to D.had been to

6.In this experiment, they are woken up several times during the night, and asked to repo rt what they____.

A. had just been dreaming

B. are just dreaming

C. have just been dreaming

D. had just dreamed

7.Finally Mary was admitted by Beijing University,for which she___five times.A.had tried B.was trying C.has tried D.tried

8.—I have bought you the books you want.

—Oh,good,I was afraid you _______.

A.forgot B.forget C.had forgotten D.have forgotten

9. We ____five English songs by the end of last term.

A had learned

B learned

C have learned

D will have learned

三、

1.He has collected over 300 Chinese stamps. Mike told us.(合并为一句)

Mike told us that he _______ ______ over 300 Chinese stamps.

2.What he did . We didn’t know (合并为一句)

We didn’t know what he _____________.

3.The plane set off. By the time we got to the airport. (合并为一句)

By the time we _____ to the airport, the plane ______ ______ off.

4.We didn’t know. He will come. (合并为一句)

We didn’t know he ______ ______.

5.(2019江苏无锡)如果你能告诉我机器人已失控多久,那就太好了。

It would be great if you can tell me _______________________________

keys

一、1.had painted,moved;

2.had made, died;

3.had studied; left;

4.had run,arrived;

5.had turned, went;

6.went, had made;

7.said, had read;

8.failed, had made;

9.had been;10.had, given; 11.got, had left;12.had learned; 13.had

finished; 14.had ,done

二、CBCBBDACA

三、1.had collected;

2.had done;

3.got, had set;

4.would come

5.how long the robot had been out of control

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