英语四级阅读理解练习及答案解析

英语四级阅读练习及答案

Passage One:

As the horizons of science have expended, two main groups of scientists have emerged. One is the pure scientist, the other, applied scientist.

The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to understand the basic laws of the nature that govern our world. The applied scientist adapts this knowledge to practice problems. Neither is more important than the others, however, for the groups are very much related. Sometimes, however, the applied scientist finds the “problems” for the theoretical scientist to work on. Let’s take a particular problem of the aircraft industry:

heat-resistant metals. Many of the metals and alloys that perform satisfactorily in car cannot be used in a

jet-propelled (喷气推进式) plane, New alloys must be used, because the jet engine operates at a much higher temperature than an automobile engine. The turbine wheel (涡轮) in a turbojet (涡轮喷气发动机) must withstand temperatures as high as 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit, so air craft designers have

to turn to the research metallurgist for the development of metals and alloys that would do the job in jet-propelled planes.

Diving scientists into two groups-pure and applied-is only one broad way of classifying them, however. When scientific knowledge was very limited, there was no need for men to specialize. Today, with the great body of scientific knowledge, scientists specialize in many different fields. Within each field, there is even further subdivision. And, with finer and finer subdivisions, the various sciences have become more and more interrelated until no branch is entirely independent of the others. Many new specialties-geophysics and biochemistry, for example-have resulted from combining the knowledge of two or more science.

1.The applied scientist

A) does original research to the basic laws of nature

B) applied the result of research to practical problems

C) provides the basic knowledge for the pure scientist

D) is not interested in practical problems

2. The example given in the third paragraph illustrates how

A) pure science operates independently of applied science

B) the applied scientist discover the basic laws of nature

C) applied science defines all the areas in which basic research is done

D) applied science suggests problems for the basic scientist

3. Finer and finer subdivision in the field of science has resulted in

A) the loss of the need for specialists

B) greater interdependence of each science

C) greater dependence of each science

D) the need for only one classification if scientists

4. Geophysics and biochemistry are .

A) examples of new specialties resulting from combing sciences

B) totally dependent sciences

C) among the oldest sciences known to man

D) both B)and C)

5. “The horizons of science have expanded,”(para 1) means that

A) scientists can see further out into space

B) science has developed more field of human endeavor

C) the horizon changes size from year to year

D) scientists have made a machine for enlarging the horizon

Passage Two:

Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the friendship for granted, we often don’t clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with only a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few. For example, the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationship, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interest vary enormously .As we get to know people we take into account things like ages ,race, economic condition,

social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.

Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usually for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitude and interests in common—they often talk about “being on the same wavelength”. It generally takes time to reach this point. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to break an promise. Equally, friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerant differences of opinion.

In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background and break down of age, class and race.

6.According to the author, .

A) all those who get on well with each other are friends

B) friends are closer than people who just get on well with each other

C) everyone understand clearly how to make friends

D) every students has 6 friends

7. When we make friends, we consider such things as age, race and background because

A) it is not easy to have a friendly relationship with people when there is a marked difference in age and background B) the degreed of friendship between people and the reason for their shared interests can vary greatly

C) friends need to know all these things

D) these are the most important factors to make friends

8. In paragraph 2 , “being on the same wavelength”means .

A) using the same frequency while talking

B) keeping the same friendly relationship as other people do

C) having similar ideas, beliefs, attitudes and interests

D) having the same background

9. Which of the following is not implied or directly stated in the passage?

A) Even friends may have differences of opinions

B) Friends never argue with each other

C) It generally takes time for people to become close friends.

D) Someone’s habits may annoy his friends.

10. To strengthen friendly relationship, people

A) must hold friendship ceremonies

B) have to eliminate differences in background

C) should make friends with those who are of the same age and the same race

D) should support and understand each other through shared experiences and emotions

Passage Three:

The movement toward centralization of authority in state departments of education has in some cases created friction with communities, which regard this modern policy as usurpation(篡夺,夺取)of their rights. Constitutionally, there can be no doubt that the state has a right to

prescribe(指示)to the local districts in any degree which it will. Legislatures(立法机构)have been given power by State Constitutions which make them the most important

policy-making agent for education in a state. Legislatures establish the framework(机构)for education; they make direct appropriations for education; they create educational institutions; and they determine whether of not certain educational programs are to be authorized, expanded, decreased, or eliminated(废除).

The Legislature usually authorizes a State education department to administer its policies. It may, however, provide for a state board of education to advise it regarding policy and to administer the educational program. The central agency may define the extent of the local district and may determine in detail what shall be done within this district. While this is the constitutional right of the state, the practical fact is that the local district conducts its schools in very large measure according to its own desires, and local officers often talk upon state supervision as indefensible interference

11. About the centralization of authority in state department of education, some communities feel that .

A) their rights are improved

B) their rights are ignored

C) their rights are violated

D) their rights are protected

12. According to the article, which of the following rights are NOT belong to the state?

A) The right to administer entrance examination.

B) The right to expand or decrease educational programs.

C) The right to budget school programs

D) The right to created educational institutions.

13. What does the Legislature usually do in administering Policies?

A) It administers policies by itself.

B) It authorizes a State education department administer its policies.

C) It is authorized by a State education department to administer its policies.

D) It authorizes a state board of education to administer the educational program.

14. Which of the following is NOT true about actual educational situation?

A) The local district has a lot of control over its schools

B) The central agency may extend the extent of the local districts

C) State supervision is not always welcome to local districts.

D) Local officers forbid State supervision if they think it is a kind of interference

15. which of the following titles can best summarize the article?

A) The Legislature Administers its Policies

B) The Centralization of Authority in State Department of Education

C) The Role of the State in Education

D) The Rights of the Local Districts

Passage Four:

Some people believed that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that

the opposite is true: those international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood. Not only was the recent incident of tragedy involving murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by mi-nor national contests.

One country received its second-place medals with visible anger after the hockey(曲棍球)dinal, There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the loser objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and their opponents’ victory was unfair. The president of the Federation(联合会)said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years. The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disorder. It was thought at first that the United States had won by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play.

A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court

to the other, and another player plopped it into the basket. It was the first time the US had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.

Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive(行为过分的)patriotism(爱国心).

16. The author thinks that in recent years Olympic games have .

A) showed little international friendship

B) greatly encouraged international brotherhood

C) created goodwill between the nations

D) created only misunderstanding and hatred

17. What did the manager mean by saying “This isn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”?

A) This is not a standard hockey match

B) The Federation would not exist any longer after

this match was over

C) His team would not enter the game in three years

D) The unfair decisions ruined both hockey and the Federation.

18. The basketball match showed that

A) the Russian team should not have taken advantage of the last three seconds.

B) aggressive patriotism was displayed in the incident.

C) The appeal jury was too ineffective in making a decision

D) the American team should have taken the first place.

19. The author gives 2 examples in the 2nd and the 3rd paragraphs is in order to show that

A) contests often end in disorder

B) no contest is fair in Olympic Games

C) competition discourages international friendship

D) unfair decisions are common in sports

20. Which statement best summarizes this passage?

A) Athletes should compete as individuals

B) The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.

C) Any team that has disrespectful behavior should be suspended.

D) Different teams often have disputes when fighting for the first place.

Passage Five:

Urban life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its motivating force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition and competition is stressful; it is often at its most intense in the largest cities, where opportunities are greatest. The presence of huge numbers of people inevitably involves more conflict, more traveling, the overloading of public services and exposure to those deviants and criminals who are drawn to the rich pickings of great cities. Crime has always flourished in the relative anonymity of urban life, but today’s ease of movement makes its control more difficult than ever; there is much evidence that its extent has a direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers may become trapped in their homes by the tear

of crime around them.

As a defence against these developments, city dwellers tend to use various strategies to try and reduce the pressures upon themselves: contacts with other people are generally made brief and impersonal; doors are kept locked; telephone numbers may be ex-directory; journeys outside the home are usually hurried, rather than a source of pleasure of pleasure. There are other are other strategies, too, which are positively harmful to the individual, for example, reducing awareness through drugs or alcohol. Furthermore, all these defensive forms of behavior are harmful to society in general; they cause widespread loneliness and destroy the community’s concern for its members. Lack of informal social contact and indifference to the misfortunes of others, if they are not personally known to oneself, are amongst the major causes of urban crime.

Inner areas of cities tend to be abandoned by the more successful and left to those who have done badly in the competitive struggle or who belong to minority groups; these people are then geographically trapped because so much economic activity has migrated to the suburbs and beyond. Present-day architecture and planning have enormously

worsened the human problems of urban life. Old established neighborhoods have been ruthlessly swept away, by both public and private organizations, usually to be replaced by huge, ugly, impersonal structures, People have been forced to leave their familiar homes, usually to be rehoused in tower blocks which are drab(单调乏味的), inconvenient, and fail to provide any setting for human interaction or support. This destruction of established social structures is the worst possible approach to the difficulties of living in a town or city. Instead, every effort should be made to conserve the human scale of the environment, and to retain familiar landmarks.

21. According to the author, living in a city causes stress because there are so many people who

are .

A) In need of help

B) naturally aggressive

C) likely to commit crime

D) anxious to succeed

22. The author thinks that crime is increasing cities because .

A) criminals are difficult to trace in large populations

B) people do not communicate with their neighbors

C) people feel anonymous there

D) the trappings of success are attractive to criminals

23. According to the article, what is the worst problem facing people living in cities?

A) Crime.

B) Finding somewhere to live.

C) Social isolation.

D) Drugs and alcoholism.

24. The majority of people who live in inner cities do so because they .

A) have been forced by circumstances to do so

B) have turned against society

C) dislike having to travel far to work

D) don’t like the idea of living in the suburbs

25. Architectural changes have affected city life

by .

A) forcing people to live on top of each other

B) making people move to the suburbs

C) giving the individual a say in planning

D) dispersing long-established communities

Passage Six:

People do not travel for pleasure on the roads and trains leading into cities on weekday mornings; they are commuting. Commuters represent the exact opposite of Robert Louis Stevenson’s view of traveling that “For my part, I travel not to go anywhere, but to go. I travel for travel’s sake.”Commuters travel because they have to; the destination is the only thing that matters.

Commuting is modern. Up until the 1950’s most workers lived in the shadow of their workplace and within earshot of its whistle or hooter; people walked or cycled to work, even going home for their lunch. As cities grow and as the pressure on city center property increases, so ever more people have had to move further away from their place of work. The suburbs grow and this results in the awful rush hours, many of which tail back to the suburbs themselves, To ease the commuter congestion city governments build new roads, especially ring roads, but these generate more traffic, adding to the traffic jams and bad health. San Francisco introduced BART (the Bay

Area Rapid Transit) to take the pressure off its roads, but after an initial positive response the scheme was overtaken by the sheer magnitude of commuter growth.

Trains and subway systems are little better. In Tokyo “pushers” are employed to squeeze commuters into carriages, in London and New York the underground systems are near capacity and unpleasant to ride. In Paris petty crime on the Metro (地铁) is widespread. In Soweto the trains are so crowded that commuters hang on the outside of the “back only”trains. The associated health hazards are rivaled by those caused by traffic accidents and the stress-related diseases created by the tension in all forms of commuting.

The bigger the city, the larger the daily commuting public and the longer the distances traveled. Many commuters see neither their house nor their children in daylight for almost six months of the year. In a large city like London the average daily time spent commuting to and from work is almost two hours. As a working day is eight hours or less, this means that the average commuter really “works” in excess of a six day week. Cities which try to alleviate the lot of the commuter are those which are most worth living in, but it is a hard and uphill task to do anything constructive. Special “Kiss

and Ride” metro stations surround Washington, but are as little used as the “Ride-On” buses. People appear to prefer the traffic jams on the Beltway.

Although most people dislike the unpleasant “dead time” of commuting, some people turn it to their advantage. J. M. Keynes wrote his General Theory en route from London to Cambridge, and there are classes in French, business studies, bridge and chess (among other topics) on commuter trains into the London main-line stations. Other people, especially those who can afford the comfort of first-class tickets, catch up on their reading, do the preparation for the day’s work, use their computers or the train telephones, or listen to music Others take the view that commuting should make you fit. They walk, run, cycle, row, sail, skate and skate-board into work.

26. San Francisco’s Bay Area Rapid Transit

scheme .

A) took a long time to become successful

B) was eagerly awaited

C) could not cope with the numbers of passengers

D) has been a big success

27. As a solution to the rise in the number of commuters,

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大学英语四级阅读理解试题及标准答案.

大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案.

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3 大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（四） 十六 Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , fortunately,the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseaed or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but itis a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the desease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurs and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts yu make will bleed. If this does happen,it is, of course,impossible to paint them properly. 1.Pruning should be done to ______. a.make the tree grow taller

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大学英语四级阅读理解单500个 1、abase 贬低 2、abash 羞怯 3、abalone 鲍鱼 4、abate 减弱 5、abbreviate 缩写 6、abbreviation 缩写 7、abdicate 退位 8、abdomen 腹部 9、abduct 绑架 10、aberrant 反常的 11、aberration 像差 12、abet 教唆 13、abeyance 搁置 14、abhor 憎恶 15、abhorrent 可憎的 16、abiding 持久的 17、abject 卑鄙 18、abjure 放弃

19、ablaze 燃烧 20、ablution 洗礼 21、abnegate 放弃 22、abolish 废除 23、abolition 废除 24、abolitionist 废奴主义者 25、abominable 可恶的 26、abominate 可憎的 27、abomination 可憎的 28、aboriginal 原住民 29、abort 中止 30、abortive 流产 31、aboveboard 光明正大的 32、abrade 擦伤 33、abrasion 磨损 34、abrasive 磨料 35、abreast 并排 36、abridge 节略 37、abrogate 废除

38、abrupt 突然的 39、abruptly 突然 40、abscission 脱落 41、abscond 潜逃 42、absenteeism 旷工 43、absentminded 心不在焉的 44、absolve 赦免 45、abstain 弃权 46、abstemious 节俭的 47、abstract 摘要 48、absurd 荒谬的 49、abundance 丰度 50、abundantly 丰富 51、abuse 滥用 52、abut 邻接 53、abutment 桥台 54、abyss 深渊 55、accelerator 加速器 56、accessory 附件

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2013年12月份全国大学英语四级考试
试卷一：中餐
【真题原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一 种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹 饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至 关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 【翻译答案】Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy.
试卷二：信息技术
【真题原文】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越 重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一 部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的， 中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 【翻译答案】As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this phenomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern.
试卷三：茶文化
【真题原文】"你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而 中国人则会选茶， 相传， 中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶， 并用来治病， 在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今， 茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组 成部分。 【翻译答案】"Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture.
试卷四：中国结
1

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