新概念英语第二册L61讲解与练习

Lesson 61 Trouble with the Hubble

一．【词汇学习】中英互译

1. telescope n. 望远镜tele- _______________ telephone________ television__________ telegram__________

2. launch ①v. ___________ 发射卫星____________________

②v. ______________________ eg:我们着手于一项新项目.________________________________.

他们对敌人发起猛烈的攻击。_________________________________________________________________

launch sb. into _______________eg:我爸妈让我从事商业。____________________________________

3. space ①[cn.]____________ eg:有停车的空地吗_____________________________________________________

②[ucn.]_______=_________ eg:没剩太多空间了。_________________________________________________

③n. __________=____________

4. billion 十亿二十亿___________________几十亿__________________

一打（12个）_________________二十个_____________百_____________千______________百万__________一百个箱子__________________两百颗星星___________________数百个问题______________________

成百上千个练习本______________________________________

5. faulty adj. 有错误的，不完善的，有缺陷的（_________________________________）错误的论据_______________ fault ①[cn.]缺点，毛病eg:尽管他有很多缺点，但我还是喜欢他。_________________________________________

②[ucn.]过失，过错（______________________________）eg:这是谁的错______________________________

男孩打破了窗子，但那是他爸妈让他在市内玩耍的错。______________________________________________ mistake [cn.] 错误_______________________ eg.犯同样的错误___________________________________________ error [cn.] 错误_____________ eg.你报告中的一个错误-_______________________________________________

6. astronaut [cn.]宇航员astro- 星的，外太空的eg. 天文学___________________天文物理学____________________

7. endeavour (________________AmE.)

①[cn.]（为大目标作）努力，尽力=_______eg:努力____________请尽量按时到达。__________________________

②v. 努力，尽力（比try正式）eg. 尽力做某事________________他们尽量让她高兴。_________________________

8. grab ①v. 抓，抢(_____________________) eg:他抓着我的衣领。___________________________________________

他抢了我的包，然后逃跑了。_____________________________________________________________________

②v. 抓住=_________ eg.你应该努力抓住机会。___________________________________________________

9. atmosphere ①n. 大气eg. 大气层_________________ 大气压力_________________________

②空气=________ eg. 这里的空气很新鲜。____________________________________

③气氛eg. 那家餐馆真的很有气氛。________________________________________________

宴会的气氛温暖而友好。___________________________________________________

10. distant adj. 遥远的(反义词_________) eg. 一个遥远的城镇__________________ 在往昔_____________________离….远__________________=____________________ 车站离我家有三英里远。______________________________

太阳离地球很远。____________________________________

11. galaxy ①n. 星系eg. 银河系________________=____________________

②n. 一群（杰出的人）一群美女__________________一群电影明星__________________

12. universe n. 宇宙，世界eg. 宇宙_________________________________

二．【课文分析】按要求完成句子分析。

1. The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA on April 20,1990 at a cost of over a billion dollars.

语态：一般过去时被动语态

短语及运用：at a cost of,造价为……，耗资，以……的价格/费用。

汉译英; 他刚为他的家庭盖了一座新房子，耗资1万英镑。He has just built a new house for his family at a cost of ￡10,000.

相关运用：cost(n.), price(n.)与value(n.)

cost侧重指某项服务、工程等的费用（复数表成本）They built the bridge at a cost of over ￡600,000.

他们造这座桥的费用是六十多万英镑。I don't know the costs of these cars.我不知道这些车的成本是多少。

price侧重于指某个具体东西或商品的价钱{复数表示“物价”} What's the price of the dress, please

Prices are going up again.物价又上涨了。

value可以表示抽象的价值或重要性（复数表示“价值观”）This book is of great value to me.这本书对我来说很有价值/重要。His values are different from those of mine.他的价值观与我的不一样。

cost(v.), price(v.)与value(v.)

cost “（使）花费”（不用于被动语态）：

The new car cost him ￡5,000.那辆新车花了他5,000英镑。

How much did it cost to launch the Hubble telescope into space将哈勃望远镜发射升空花费了多少钱

price表示“问……的价钱”、“查明/查询……的价格”；“给……定价/标价”：

They priced cars for two days before they bought one.他们在询问了两天车价后才买了一辆车。

The dress is priced at ￡50, but you can have it at ￡40.这件衣服标价为50英镑，不过你可以花40英镑买下它。

value作及物动词时可以表示“尊重”、“重视”等：

If you don't value my advice, I'll speak no more.如果你不重视我的建议，那我就不多说了。

2. Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble.

短语及运用：from the start表示“从开始时”，副词right起强调作用，可替换为just

汉译英：他从最开始就不想在这家公司上班。He didn't want to work at the firm(right) from the start.

3. The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty!

分析句子成分：

4. NASA is now going to put the telescope right, so it will soon be sending up four astronauts to repair it.

短语及运用：put right表示“修好（故障等）”、“校正”、“纠正”等：

汉译英：你把表/钟对好了吗Have you put the watch/clock right

明天记得把灯修好。Remember to put the lights right tomorrow.

5. A robot-arm from the Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs.

分析句子成分：

短语及相关运用：make repairs修复

做鬼脸_________________赚钱_________________取得进步_________________ 下定决心__________________

做笔记_________________树敌_________________惹麻烦____________________犯错_______________________

6. Of course, the Hubble is above the earth's atmosphere, so it will soon be sending us the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen.

分析句子成分：

运用：形容词最高级后面的关系从句常用…ever heard, met, read, seen等完成式：

汉译英：这是我所看过的书中最长的一部。This is the longest book (that) I have ever read.

伊恩是我所遇见的最有趣的人。Ian is the most interesting man (that/whom) I have ever met.

标记词词性及含义:介词，在…之前，到…

By the time用法：在....之前已经.... ：“到…时（已发生某事），此时谓语多用完成时

表示将来的时间：主句用将来完成时，而从句用一般现在时来表示将来的动作。

Eg:I will have finished the work by the time my father comes back.

表示过去的时间。主句用过去完成时，而从句用一般过去时。

Eg:He had built a lab for himself by the time he was 12 years old.

将来完成时shall/will have done)将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。

They will have been married for 20 years by then.

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.

将来进行时shall/will be doing表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作, 表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.

After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better.

将来完成进行时shall/will have been doing将来完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去，要视上下文而定。

I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year. 到今年年底，我将在这个工厂工作20年了By then the play will have been running for three months. 到那时为止，这个剧将连演三个月了。

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