CET-4 Model Test 3

Model Test 3

Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Chinese Workers-Paid Holidays. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

1. 有人认为"带薪休假"有很多好处......

2. 有人认为"带薪休假"落到实处很难

3. 你的观点及建议

Part ⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

For questions 1－7, mark

Y (for YES)if the statement agrees with information given in the passage;

N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

NG(for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 8－10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Obesity in Children

Obesity in children and adolescents is rising at an alarming rate. Currently over 15% of young people over 6 years old are obese, and obesity is also increasing among children aged 5 and younger.

Children are considered to be overweight if the BMI (Body Mass Index) is over 85% of the weight group in their age and sex categories. If it is 95% and over, they are considered to be obese. Adolescents are generally judged according to adult criteria for obesity, although there are other considerations in this population. Ethnic variations, timing of growth spurts, and higher normal fat levels around puberty can cause disparities in these measurements.

Causes and Risk Factors for Obesity in Children

Lifestyle Factors. Without educational or parental guidance, children are extremely vulnerable to the intense cultural pressures that are largely responsible for the obesity epidemic. Neither the media nor the educational system has strong well-financed programs that encourage healthy-alternatives, including exercise and healthy foods. The following are some specific problems created by the culture: * Excessive television watching plays a critical role in obesity in children. Not only is it a sedentary activity, but television also offers innumerable temptations with its advertisements for fast foods, sugar cereals, and unhealthy snacks. In one study obesity rates were lowest in children who watched television one hour or less a day

and highest in those who watched four or more hours.

* Sugar, particularly from soda, other sweetened beverages, and fruit juice, may be major contributors to childhood obesity. One study reported that drinking soda regularly increases a child's risk for obesity by 60%.

* Less physical exercise and greater sedentary activities play another significant role in obesity in children. A high level of physical, activity-not just using up energy-is important for weight control in young people.

Family History. Parental obesity more than doubles the risk that a young child, whether thin or overweight, will become obese as an adult. In older children and teenagers, obesity in parents starts to count less as a predictor for body weight than their own weight. The risk may be due to environmental or genetic factors, or both.

Ethnic and Socioeconomic Factors. As in adult populations, children from lower socioeconomic groups and minority populations are at higher risk for obesity. For example, among young Mexican Americans and African Americans, there has been an increase in overweight prevalence of about 13% to over 23%.

Factors Surrounding Birth. The following factors surrounding birth are associated with a child's weight:

* Low birth weight is a risk factor for later obesity and diabetes. One theory is that humans have a "thrifty gene" that produces metabolic changes in infants with low birth weight. Such changes affect insulin and fat accumulation in order to produce a "catch-up" weight in these young children as quickly as possible. This rapid weight gain in infancy increases the gain risk for obesity in children and also in young adulthood.

* In a study of African American children, having an overweight pregnant mother increased the risk for later weight gain, but low birth weight did not.

Although some small studies have reported protection against obesity from breastfeeding, evidence is weak. In a 2003 study, for example, children who were breast fed for three to five months had a lower risk for obesity, but prolonged breastfeeding had no effect. Nevertheless, given the healthful effects of breast feeding and the possibility that it may have even a slight impact on childhood obesity, it is highly recommended.

Health Consequences of Childhood Obesity

Children and adolescents who are obese have poorer health than other children. Studies are reporting unhealthy cholesterol levels and high blood pressure in obese children and adolescents. Of great concern is the dramatic increase in type 2 diabetes in young people, which is most certainly largely due to the increase in obesity. Obesity in children is also linked to asthma, gallbladder problems, sleep apnea, and liver abnormalities. Childhood obesity may be partly responsible for the declining age

for onset of puberty in girls, with subsequent risks for breast cancer.

It is not clear yet how many of these childhood problems persist in people who achieve normal weight as adults. Staying overweight into adulthood certainly confers health risks.

Managing Overweight and Obese Children

Childhood obesity is best treated by a non-drug, multidisciplinary approach including diet, behavior modification, and exercise. Some evidence suggests that reducing calories by only 200 to 260 per day would prevent weight gain in most overweight children. Here some tips for children who are overweight:

* Limit or avoid if possible take-out, fast foods, high-sugar snacks, commercial packaged snacks, soda and sugar sweetened beverages (including too much juice).

* Let children snack but make sure the snacks are healthy. Eating small frequent healthy meals (instead of two or three large ones) has been associated with being thinner and having a better cholesterol profile.

* Let children choose their own food portions. One study indicated that children naturally ate 25% less than they chose their own portion size. When they were given larger portions their bite sizes were larger and they ate more.

* Don't criticize a child for being overweight. It does not help and such attitudes could put children at risk for eating disorders, which are equal or even greater dangers to health.

* Limit television, video games, and computer use to a few hours a week. This can contribute significantly to weight control, regardless of diet and physical activity.

* For young children, try the traffic-light diet. Food is designated with stoplight colors depending on their high caloric content: Green for go (low calories); yellow for "eat with caution" (medium calories); red for "stop" (high calories).

* Try a low-glycemic index diet. This may be as beneficial and possibly more than a standard reduced-fat diet in obese children. Such a diet focuses on carbohydrates, such as dried beans and soy, that raise blood sugar more slowly than others. This diet is sometimes used in diabetes and as a dietary approach in overweight adults.

1. Overweight children are those whose BMI is over 85% of the weight group in their age and sex categories.

2. The educational system is positive in promoting exercise and healthy foods, according to the passage.

3. It is observed that children watching television one hour or less a day tend to be less likely to suffer from obesity.

4. The intake of sugar among children is an important contributor to childhood obesity.

5. In most cases, obese children tend to have parents suffering obesity, as environmental or genetic factors are the major reasons for childhood obesity.

6. Infants with low birth weight may face a risk for obesity as they grow up into childhood and young adulthood.

7. For obese children, achieving a healthy weight becomes more difficult as they get older, as the persistence is biological.

8. Obese children and adolescents have poorer health, as they are reported to have unhealthy _______.

9. It is suggested that reducing calories would prevent weight gain in most overweight children.

10. The author believes that it does not help to criticize children for being overweight, as this may increase the risk for .

Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11. A) Only true friendship can last long.

B) Letter writing is going out of style.

C) She keeps in regular touch with her classmates.

D) She has lost contact with most of her old friends.

12. A) A painter. C) A porter. B) A mechanic. D) A carpenter.

13. A) Look for a place near her office. C) Make inquiries elsewhere.

B) Find a new job down the street. D) Rent the $600 apartment.

14. A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist.

B) He has been extremely busy recently.

C) He has gained some weight lately.

D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday.

15. A) The woman possesses a natural for art.

B) Women have a better artistic taste than men.

C) He isn’t good at abstract thinking.

D) He doe sn’t like abstract paintings.

16. A) She couldn’t have left her notebook in the library.

B) she may have put her notebook amid the journals.

C) she should have made careful notes while doing reading.

D) she shouldn’t have read his notes without his knowing it.

17. A) she wants to get some sleep C) she has a literature class to attend

B) she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem

18. A)He is confident he will get the job.

B)His chance of getting the job is slim.

C)It isn’t easy to find a qualified sales manager.

D)The interview didn’t go as well as he expected.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) He can manage his time more flexibly.

B) He can renew contact with his old friends.

C) He can concentrate on his own projects.

D) He can learn to do administrative work.

20. A) Reading its ads in the newspapers. B) Calling its personnel department.

C) Contacting its manager. D) Searching its website.

21. A) To cut down its production expenses.

B) To solve the problem of staff shortage.

C) To improve its administrative efficiency.

D) To utilize its retired employees’ resources.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22. A) Buy a tractor. B) Fix a house.

C) See a piece of property. D) Sing a business contract.

23. A) It is only forty miles form where they live.

B) It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.

C) It was a large garden with fresh vegetables.

D) It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.

24. A) Growing potatoes will involve less labor.

B) Its soil may not be very suitable for corn.

C) It may not be big enough for raising corn.

D) Raising potatoes will be more profitable.

25 A) Finances B)Equipment C)Labor D)Profits

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four

choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

26 A) To introduce the chief of the city’s police force

B) To comment on a talk by a distinguished guest

C) To address the issue of community security

D) To explain the functions of the city council

27 A) He has distinguished himself in city management

B) He is head of the International Police Force

C) He completed his higher education abroad

D) He holds a m aster’s degree in criminology

28 A) To coordinate work among police departments

B) To get police officers closer to the local people

C) To help the residents in times of emergency

D) To enable the police to take prompt action

29 A) Popular B) discouraging

C) effective D)controversial

Passage Two

30 A) people differ greatly in their ability to communicate

B) there are numerous languages in existence

C) Most public languages are inherently vague

D) Big gaps exist between private and public languages

31 A) it is a sign of human intelligence

B) in improves with constant practice

C)it is something we are born with

D)it varies from person to person

32 A)how private languages are developed

B)how different languages are related

C)how people create their languages

D)how children learn to use language

Passage Three

33 A)she was a tailor B)she was an engineer

C)she was an educator D)she was a public speaker

34.A)Basing them on science-fiction movies.

B) Including interesting examples in them

C) Adjusting them to different audiences

D) Focusing on the latest progress in space science

35.A) Whether spacemen carry weapons

B) How spacesuits protect spacemen

C) How NASA trains its spacemen

D) What spacemen cat and drink

Section C

Directions : In this section .you will hear a passage three time. When the passage is read for first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. when the passage is read for the first time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36to43 with the exact words you have just heard. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Crime is increasing world wide. There is every reason to believe the (36)__________will continue through the next few decades.

Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new(37)_______________has appeared on the world

(38)__________rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few

(39)__________. Street crimes such as robbery, rape (40)____________and auto theft are clearly rising(41)_________in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom.

What is driving this crime (42)________? There are no simple answers. Still，there are certain conditions(43) _________with rising crime increasing heterogeneity (混杂) of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government,(44) ___________________________________________________ These conditions are increasingly observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous(同种类的) ,such as Japan, Denmark and Greece (45)_______________________________________________ Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and (46)____________________________________________________

Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each

choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

The comparatively treeless plains of North Africa have suffered a progressive drying up, both 47 and man-made, but the region was 48 so rich in fertile soil that the district we now know as the Libyan Desert was, in the old days, part of the granary (粮仓) of the Roman Empire, and the centre of the Sahara 49 a busy trading population for a long period. That was when there were 50 in plenty and the fields were the traditional "fields of the woods" -clearings in the forest-and therefore always tree 51 .

It is the trees that lift the water and send 52 into the air so that it may fall as dew or rain further on. Trees reduce the speed of the wind, and provide shelter and shade; the roots 53 minerals in the soil and these are carried to the leaves which, when they have fulfilled their function, return to the earth, giving the soil the combination of minerals that plants require.

But through the ages Africa has been 54 . Successive invaders have felled the forest to provide grazing lands for their flocks and herds. With the removal of the essential tree cover, the water 55 was broken, the earth became feverish and sick, and in course of time was unable to support those who had broken the 56 of life by removing the earth's green mantle-the trees.

A) moisture B) cycle C) water D) rhythm

E) contain F) trap G) once H) surrounded

I) fed J) exploited K) social L) natural

M) forest N) usually O) trees

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

No one knows when the first calendar was developed. But it seems possible that it was based on lunar months. When people started farming, the sages of the tribes became very important, they studied the sky and gathered enough information to be able to predict when the seasons would change, and were able to announce when it was time to plant crops.

The divisions of time we use today were developed in ancient Babylonia 4,000 years ago. Babylonian astronomers believed the sun moved around the Earth every 365 days. They divided the trip into 12 equal parts, each with 30 days. Then they divided each day into 24 equal parts, or hours, and divided each hour into 60 minutes, each minute into 60 seconds.

Humans have used many devices to measure time; the sundial (日晷) was one of the earliest and simplest. However, the sundial worked well only when the weather was fine, so other ways of measuring the passing of time were invented. One device was the hourglass(沙漏). By the eighteenth century, people had developed mechanical clocks and watches. So we have devices to mark the passing of time, but what time is it now? Clocks in different parts of the world do not show the same time at the same time, because time on Earth is set by the sun's positions in the sky above us. As international communications and travel grew, it became clear that a way to establish a common time for all parts of the world was needed. In 1884, an international conference divided the world into 24 time zones, each zone represents one hour. The astronomical observatory in Greenwich, England, was chosen as the starting point for the time zones. Twelve zones are west of Greenwich. Twelve are east. The time at Greenwich measured by the sun is considered by astronomers to be Universal Time, also known as Greenwich Mean Time.

57. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

A) The Development of Universal Time.

B) Different Ways to Measure Time.

C) Why We Measure Time the Way We do.

D) How the Calendar Came into being.

58. What does the example of Babylonia astronomers reveal?

A) It reveals Babylonians’ wisdom that was absent elsewhere.

B) It reveals the origin of our time measurements.

C) It reveals the limits of some time measurements.

D) It reveals the stability of time measurements.

59. The author mentions all of the following ways to measure time EXCEPT.

A) sundial B) hourglass C) electric clock D) mechanical clock

60. According to the passage, Greenwich Mean Time.

A) provides a common time for all parts of the world

B) is calculated from the sun

C) is the 12th of the 24 time zones

D) was named after an international conference

61. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?

A) Time measurements have changed in response to need and technological development.

B) In ancient Babylonia, 12 was the basic division of time.

C) The first calendar was developed because the sages of tribes were intelligent.

D) Universal Time is so named because it is applicable throughout the universe.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

For many years, scientists couldn't figure out how atoms and molecules on the Earth combined to make living things. Plants, fish, dinosaurs, and people are made of atoms and molecules, but they are put together in a more complicated way than the molecules in the primitive ocean. What's more, living things have energy and can reproduce, while the chemicals on the Earth 4 billion years ago were lifeless.

After years of study, scientists figured out that living things, including human bodies, are basically made of amino acids and nucleotide bases. These are molecules with millions of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms. How could such complicated molecules have been formed in the primitive soup? Scientists were stumped.

Then, in 1953, two scientists named Harold Urey and Stanley L. Miller did a very simple experiment to find out what had happened on the Primitive Earth. They set up some tubes and bottles in a closed loop, and put in some of the same gases that were present in the atmosphere 4 billion years ago: water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen.

Then they shot an electric spark through the gases to simulate bolts of lightning on the ancient Earth, circulated the gases through some water, sent them back for more sparks, and so on. After seven days, the water that the gases had been bubbling through had turned brown. Some new chemicals were dissolved in it. When Miller and Urey analyzed the liquid, they found that it contained amino acids-the very kind of molecules found in all living things.

62. When did scientists come to realize how the atoms and molecules on the Earth combined to make living thing?

A) 4 billion years ago. B) In 1953.

C) After seven days. D) Many years later.

63. Scientists figured out that human bodies are basically made of ____________.

A) amino acids B) molecules

C) hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms

D) water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen

64. Harold Urey and Stanley https://www.sodocs.net/doc/993109430.html,ler did their experiment in order to __________.

A) find out what had happened on the Earth 4 billion years ago

B) simulate bolts of lightning on the ancient Earth

C) dissolve some new chemicals

D) analyze a liquid

65. At the end of the last paragraph, the word "it" refers to ________________.

A) a closed loop B) an electric spark C) water D) the liquid

66. According to the writer, living things on the Earth include______________ .

A) atoms and molecules B) chemicals

C) plants, fish, dinosaurs and human beings D) the primitive soup

Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Robert Edwards 67 in an unusual accident many years 68 .He was also partially deaf 69 old age. Last week he was walking near his home 70 a thunderstorm 71 .He took shelter 72 a tree and was struck by lightning. He was 73 to the ground and woke up 74 20 minutes later, 75 face down in water below a tree. He went into the house and lay down in bed. A short time later he awoke. His legs couldn't move 76 he was trembling. 77 ,when he opened his eyes he could see the clock 78 the room in front of him. 79 his wife entered he saw her for the first time in nine years. Doctors confirmed that he had 80 his sight and hearing apparently 81 the flash of lightning. But they were unable to explain the 82 . One possible explanation 83 by one doctor was that Edwards lost his sight 84 a hard blow in a terrible accident. Perhaps the only way it could 85 was by 86 blow.

67. A) blinded B）was blinded C）had been blind D）had been blinded

68. A) later B）before C）ago D）early

69. A) because of B）because C）at D）in

70. A) when B）while C）until D）where

71. A) fell B）blew C）formed D）approached

72. A) in B）on C）under D）near

73. A) thrown B）knocked C）fallen D）beaten

74. A) just B）some C）for D )within

75. A) to lie B）having lain C）lay D）lying

76. A) and B）when C）but D）while

77. A) Thus B）Therefore C）But D）Above all

78. A) across B）through C）into D）out of

79. A) While B）When C）Whenever D）As

80. A) gained B）gotten C）reminded D）regained

81. A) at B）in C）from D）on

82. A) result B）reason C）consequence D）content

83. A) offered B）contributed C）sought D) thought

84. A) because of B）owing to C）based on D）as a result of

85. A) restore B）be restored C）have restored D）have been restored

86. A) other B）the other C）another D）one

Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

87. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors________________

(增加了27%).

88. By the time you get to New York, I ___________________________(该已经动身往伦敦去了).

89. Sometimes children have trouble _____________________________(区分事实和想象).

90. The boy spent______________________ (同样的时间) watching TV as he did studying.

91. (由于竞争激烈)_______________________ among the airlines, travel expenses have reduced dramatically.

大学英语四级复习资料·整理版

实用文档 文案大全 大学英语四级 复习资料 Mr.Cp

滴水渐累成沧海，拳石频移成泰山祝大家顺利过级 目录 第一部分.听力部分 (2) 第二部分.最新英语四级高频词汇 (23) 第三部分.四级阅读笔记 (31) 第四部分.完形填空做题技巧 (36) 第五部分.翻译经典练习 (38) . 第六部分.写作七类精彩句型 (40) 第七部分.写作必备模板和句型 (42) 第八部分.综合技能训练 (45) 第九部分.作文训练 (73) 第十部分.英语谚语警句 (85) 资料说明：本复习资料非教材用书。复习资料主要收集了四级听力、阅读、词汇、作文等一些英语四级相关的技巧、方法和内容，主要提供给有需要考四级的同学自己复习所用。 1

滴水渐累成沧海，拳石频移成泰山祝大家顺利过级 第一部分.听力部分 一、听力内容 1．Section A 对话 短对话 (5分02秒) 8个对话： 4分12秒 长对话 (5分58秒) Conversation 1 (4 questions)：对话内容（1分45秒）＋问题（1分25秒）Conversation 2 (3 questions)：对话内容（1分45秒）＋问题（1分02秒） 2．Section B 短文(10分05秒) Directions： 35秒 Passage 1 (3 questions)：文章内容（1分25秒）＋问题（1分10秒） Passage 2 (3 questions)：文章内容（2分25秒）＋问题（1分10秒） Passage 3 (4 questions)：文章内容（1分45秒）＋问题（1分55秒） 3．Section C 复合式听写 (11分20秒) Directions： 45秒 第一遍： 2分10秒 第二遍：第一句停顿：1分05秒 第二句停顿：1分35秒 第三句停顿：1分15秒 第三遍：2分10秒 （以上时间根据文章内容会有所变化） 二、听力技巧 四级听力一直困扰着我们每一位考生，听不懂磁带中的内容是什么，不知道该如何选择，而听力在英语四级考试中又占很大一部分比重，掌握好英语四级听力技巧才能快速提高英语成绩，以下总结出几点有关英语四级听力技巧。 听力技巧一：学会取舍，理解内容 听力考试中最忌讳的就是词词计较，力求听懂所有词。其实，听懂所有词首先没必要，其次也不可能。我们在日常生活中听中文时，无论听什么，注意力都不会在每一个字或词上面，而是对文段或对话内容的整体的理解上。何况我们听的是英文，在英文句子中，对不同的词本身就有弱读和重读。 听力技巧二：扫视材料，预测内容 当广播中朗读听力要求时，我们要充分利用这个时间，迅速扫视书面文字中的题干及选项，通过扫视联系上下文，有根据地预测文段发生的时间、场所、人物，并预测出谈话的大致内容。并且，在扫视中我们对提出的问题尤其要注意。这样做的结果是听录音时我们可以有的放矢，做到有备而来，心中有数。 听力技巧三：注重首句，抓住主旨 在听长文段时，由于信息多，而且听力不同于阅读，朗读速度非常快，需要我们快速做出反应，所以在听的时候就更应当注意主旨大意。在阅读中我们知道作者一般会在首句或首 2

2018年教师招聘考试真题及答案

2018年教师招聘考试真题及答案 一、单项选择题(本大题共15个小题，每小题2分，共30分) 1、在下列认知风格中，容易给学习带来不利影响的认知风格是()。 A、场独立型 B、场依存型 C、冲动型 D、沉思型 〔解析〕C、冲动型认知方式倾向于很快地检验假设，且常常出错。 2、下列哪项属于真正的创造()。 A、鲁班发明锯子 B、高斯少年时做数字1~100的连加 C、找到远古时期的化石 D、陶渊明发现桃花源 〔解析〕A、真正的创造是指产生了具有人类历史首创性成品的活动。 3、我国近代教育史上，被毛泽东称颂为”学界泰斗，人世楷模”的教育家是()。 A、陶行知 B、杨贤江 C、徐特立 D、蔡元培 〔解析〕D略。 4、在古希腊，最早提出发现法的大教育家是()。 A、德谟克利特 B、亚里士多德 C、柏拉图

D、苏格拉底 〔解析〕D苏格拉底在教学法中强调使学生自己进行思考得出结论，从这个意义上说，苏格拉底最早提出了发现法。[page] 5、学生操行评定的主要负责人是()。 A、科任教师 B、班主任 C、级任导师 D、班委会 〔解析〕B班主任是学生操行评定的主要负责人。 6、对个别学生的教育()。 A、就是要靠班主任 B、就是要靠集体活动来教育 C、是同集体教育相辅相成的 D、主要是对较差学生的教育工作 〔解析〕C、对个别学生的教育也包括了对先进生和后进生的教育，需要和集体教育结合起来。 7、根据学习的定义，下列属于学习的现象是()。 A、吃了酸的食物流唾液 B、望梅止渴 C、蜘蛛织网 D、儿童模仿电影中人物的行为

〔解析〕D学习指人和动物在生活过程中，凭借经验而产生的行为或行为潜能的相对持久的变化。[page] 8、小学生因上课专心听讲受到老师表扬而逐步养成上课专心听讲的习惯属于()。 A、经典条件反射 B、操作条件反射 C、联结反应 D、习惯成自然 〔解析〕B操作性行为主要受强化规律的制约。儿童做对了某件事后得到成人的物质奖励或表扬属于正强化。 9、激发、维持和指引个体学习活动的心理动因或内部动力称为()。 A、学习需要 B、学习期待 C、学习动机 D、学习态度 〔解析〕C、本题考查学习动机的定义。 10、最重要和最良性的学习动力是()。 A、学习兴趣和教师的期待 B、学习兴趣和远大的理想 C、教师的期待和远大的理想 D、教师的期待和家长的期待 〔解析〕B为教师的期待而学习的动机是低级的动机。[page]

初二较难的语文阅读文

阅读《笑靥千秋》，完成16—21题。(19分) ①记忆中最温柔的笑容莫过于妈妈的嫣然一笑，这就是童年时代的最高奖赏。仿佛我在普通话比赛中获奖，我在学校歌咏大会的领唱，每周成绩通知单上的”全优”，都是为了获得妈妈的展颜微笑。、 ②妈妈的牙齿细密整齐，只是牙龈偏低，每逢她开怀大笑，就需握拳头遮羞，像扶着麦克风，那姿势有些可笑，却又令我向往。因为，当时在我们的生活里，能让妈妈如此忘情的开心事总是鲜于遇见。 ③这是母亲的笑容，每个亲情笃至的儿女都能在自己母亲的脸上汲取这种光辉。④我在插队时的女伴长相可说是很一般：小眼睛、塌鼻梁，生气时两片嘴唇一堵，活像两扇厚墙门，那几颗雀斑简直要暴出来。但她有足够的聪明才智，在那样单调的生活中，不仅自己笑声不断，同时让小集体洋溢欢乐的气氛。 ⑤我怀念她笑起来的样子：眼睛弯如新月，连乌黑的长眉都有感情，露出一口整齐的皓齿，要多甜有多甜!为这笑容，村村队队有多少小伙子夜间在桥头为她弹吉他。 ⑥这是青春无畏的笑容，不知何时，它们已在我们的脸』二凋谢。但我们仍能从周围少男少女们的幸福中一再欣赏这些芬芳的花朵。 ⑦我的师傅是位极普通的女工。善良、勤劳、刚愎和自信混合在一起的个性，使她所在的班组烽烟不息。我成为她的徒弟，不少人为我捏一把汗。但三年中，我和她相处得很亲密，甚至成了班组的避雷针。我喜欢她的笑容，常常逗她乐得前仰后合。她的沧桑的前额舒展开来，疲倦的大眼睛又有了温暖的光彩，拉成长沟的颊上有当年酒窝的影子。她一定非常美丽过，但乡下跑出来的灰姑娘和拣到她的士兵丈夫，似乎从来不曾意识到。 ⑧这种质朴的笑容让人想到野地的花，随时可见，又总被忽略。它既单纯又丰富，使你联想到劳动的艰巨与欢欣，以及生命的漫长与短暂，想到源与本，想到忘与记之间我们那些无法言喻的模糊冲动、情盛的濡湿。 ⑨还有一种女政治家的笑容。女人，又是政治家。 ⑩笑容于它们像男政治家当年的中山装，当今的西装一样，是必备的披挂。可管笑容的各部门都有分寸的，因对上级、同事、下属的不同调整位置。但我们仍然期待它，哪怕配备一双眼睛寒气袭人。就像在悬崖峭壁的攀援中，暂时找到一个落脚点，新一松又一紧，于是再寻找，接触下一个落脚点。 ?在当年居委会主任、工厂女人班组长那儿一再经受这种考验后，我领悟到：女政治家的笑容就是让你老那么附在悬崖上，不掉下来。 ?有人说：笑是一门艺术。 ?哦，这话真可怕！ 16．像电影中的一个个镜头，作者把一生中难忘的几个笑靥展现给了大家，借以表达 对的笑容的喜爱，对的永恒赞美以及对的笑容的否定。(3分) 17．文中写了妈妈的哪两种笑?在对妈妈的笑的描绘中，表达了我对妈妈怎样的感情? (4分)

工程造价管理试题及答案

工程造价管理试题及答 案 Standardization of sany group #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#

工程造价管理试题及答案 单选 1、工程造价的两种管理是指（ B ）。 A 建设工程投资费用管理和工程造价计价依据管理 B 建设工程投资费用管理和工程价格管理 C 工程价格管理和工程造价专业队伍建设管理 D 工程造价管理和工程造价计价依据管理 2、进口设备运杂费中运输费的运输区间是指（ C ）。 A 出口国供货地至进口国边境港口或车站 B 出口国的边境港口或车站至进口国的边境 港口或车站C 进口国的边境港口或车站至工地仓库D 出口国的边境港口或车站至工地仓库 3、某个新建项目，建设期为3年，分年均衡进行贷款，第一年贷款400万元，第二年贷款 500万元，第三年贷款400万元，贷款年利率为10%，建设期内利息只计息不支付，则建设期贷款利息为（ A ）万元。 A 205.7 B 356.27 C 521.897 D 435.14 4、已知某挖土机挖土的一个工作循环需2分钟，每循环一次挖土0.5m3，工作班的延续时间为8小时，时间利用系数K=0.85，则每台班产量定额为（ C ）。 A 12.8 m3/台班 B 15 m3/台班 C 102 m3/台班 D 120 m3/台班 5、某项目总投资为3000万元，单项工程总费用为1800万元，建筑单位工程费用为700万元，建设单位管理费率为2.4%，则建设单位管理费为（ B ）万元。 A 72 B 43.2 C 28.8 D 16.8 6、工程定额计价法计算建安工程造价由（ D ）组成。 A 直接工程费、间接费、利润、增值税 B 直接费、间接费、利润、营业税 C 直接工程费、间接费、利润、营业税 D 直接费、间接费、利润、税金 7、工程量清单计价规范中门窗工程量按（ C ）计算。 A 框外围平方米 B 洞口平方米 C 樘 D 数量 8、建设项目可行性研究报告的主要内容是（ C ）。 A 市场研究、技术研究和风险预测研究 B 经济研究、技术研究和综合研究 C 市场研究、技术研究和效益研究 D 经济研究、技术研究和资源研究 9、项目可行性研究阶段的投资估算，是（ C ）的重要依据。 A 主管部门审批项目建议书 B建设贷款计划 C项目投资决策 D 项目资金筹措 10、当初步设计达到一定深度，建筑结构比较明确时，编织建筑工程概算可以采用（ C ）。 A 单位工程指标法 B 概算指标法 C 概算定额法 D 类似工程概算法 11、审查施工图预算的方法很多，其中全面、细致、质量高的方法是（ C ）。 A 分组计算审查法 B 对比法 C 全面审查法 D 筛选法 12、根据《招标投标法》，两个以上法人或者其他组织组成一个联合体，以一个投标人的身份共同投标是（ A ）。 A 联合投标 B 共同投标 C 合作投标 D 协作投标 13、在采用成本加酬金合同价时，为了有效地控制工程造价，下列形式中最好采用（ D ）。 A 成本加固定金额酬金 B 成本加固定百分比酬金 C 成本加最低酬金 D 最高限额成本加固定最大酬金 14、根据合同文本，工程变更价款通常由（ C ）提出，报（）批准。 A 工程师、业主 B 承包商、业主 C 承包商、工程师 D 业主、承包商 15、竣工决算的计量单位是（ A ）。 A 实物数量和货币指标 B 建设费用和建设成果 C 固定资产价值、流动资产价值、无形 资产价值、递延和其他资产价值 D 建设工期和各种技术经济指标

大学英语四级基础复习讲义.pdf

plete 指完成一件指派或预定的任务,或完 善、完整未完成的部分 gain 指需要做出比 obtain 更大的努力,往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所需要的东西end 指一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止 finish 指把一件事或一个动作做完,强调 事情的了结、终止 7、4 、 accurate , correct , delicate , exact,precise 都含有一定的"正确,精确" 之意 acknowledge,admit,concede,confess,rec ognize 都含有一定的"承认"之意acknowledge 着重”公开承认”,常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事accurate 准确的,精确的,指某人或某事 不仅不出错,而且与事实无出入,强调准 确性 admit 是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实,招供(事实,错误等)concede(不情愿地)承认,(在结果确定前)承认失败correct 正确的,指某人或某事合乎事实或 公认的标准或规则,没有错误 delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的 exact 确切的、精确的,语气较 accurate 强, 指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或 标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差 precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准 确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密, 有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义 confess 着重承认自己的过错或罪恶recognize 指正式承认主权、权利等8、affirm,assert,allege,claim 都含有一定的"宣称,断言"之意affirm 断言,肯定,指根据事实坚定不移地宣称,有无可争辩之意assert 宣称,坚持,指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称5、accuse,charge,indict 都含有一定的 "指控,控告"之意 allege 宣称,断定,指在无真实根据情况下宣称,硬说accuseaccusesb.ofdoingsth. 为 … 指 责 某 人,控告某人 claim 声称,主张,往往表示说话者反对或不同意某一观点chargechargesb.withdoingsth. 指 控 某 人… 英语四级温习资料 2(2006-12-1116:02:10)分类：大学英语四六级温习资料征服大学英语四级考试（阅读篇）（一）存在问题6、achieve,acquire,attain,gain,obtain 都含有一定的"获得,达到"之意 achieve 强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后 达到目标 第一,读不懂acquire 指经过不懈努力才获得的技术,知 识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等 attain 正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达 到完美境地所谓读不懂,就是考生拿过文章,满头雾水,即使硬着头皮读文章,也是一知半解。然后匆忙做体,仅凭感觉去蒙,因此做体准确率必然不高。

初二语文记叙文阅读含答案

(三)阅读下面选文，回答19——23题。（14分）心中的芦苇 ①记忆中，有一片茂密的芦苇。她像自由的精灵，在远离世俗的淡泊中，独守江畔一方瘠土，筛风弄月，潇洒倜傥。瘦瘦的筋骨把生命的诗意一缕缕地挑亮，密密的芦花像一片片灿烂的微笑，将野地的清苦和宁静浓缩成亘古的沉默，醉倒了金风，醉倒了诗人。仿佛是王维的山水诗，寻不出现实意味和历史痕迹，只有一抹淡远空灵飘浮于烟的高度，还有一分清高，一分落寞，一分不为人知也无意让人知晓的随意与散逸，原始般的单纯和清淡。 ②芊芊芦苇，在滩涂上扎根，无拘无束；在纤桥旁摇曳，蓬蓬勃勃。从苍翠的湖绿，渐渐化做凝重的墨色，却依旧亭亭玉立，倩影婆娑。即使翻越季节的山峦，静候白霜降临，那满目的芦花与天上的白云融为一体，绵延至月光不能触及的地方，也依旧洁白光泽，充满蓬勃的张力，然后在冰冷的纯洁里面画上生命的句号。 ③这白发苍苍的芦苇，是樵子柴担上悠然飘起的一缕秋光，是村姑眉宇间挥之不去的一抹苍凉的妩媚。像衣香鬃影的女子涉水而来，从古代，从《诗经》，“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜”遂成千古绝唱。泅流中，弄篱荡舟的少年水手，采兰撷芷、在水一方的窈窕淑女，映衬着茂密的芦苇，成了三千年文明古国最优美的诗行。 ④倘若寄身木筏，去溯芦苇之源，那么，你能听到许多滩边涯际拉纤的号子和寨头镇尾浪漫的故事。你也会发现，苍凉凄美的芦

花那么轻易就能拨动深藏的沧桑和历史的痛苦。 ⑤易水之滨，高渐离击筑，悲凉的旋律中，荆轲告别燕太子丹，踏上刺秦的不归路，他身后的芦花，一定在萧萧寒风中轻扬。乌江之畔，四面楚歌，西楚霸王柔肠寸断，在“虞兮虞兮奈若何”的哀叹声中，虞姬挥动长剑、裙袂飘飘，作最后的生命之舞。在她倒下的地方，雾茫茫，一片绢素，那是一岸的芦花在为这悲怆的诀别飘雪飞霜。汨罗江边，披发行吟的逐臣屈原，掩涕叹息，仰天长问。佞臣专权，楚王昏庸。居庙堂，不能为民解难；谪乡野，不能替君分忧。生命的寂寞郁结于心，奔突于胸，使诗人纵身大江，荡起的涟漪是芦苇悲鸣的泪滴，在湿湿的夜色中流淌。青青的生命的枝叶包裹起千千万万人民的祟敬和思念，投入历史的长河，成为端午节最深沉的纪念。 ⑥真正拥有芦苇，是在大学时代。我喜欢在学校后面的江边漫步——那里，茂密的芦苇像无边的绸带，向着远处缓缓铺开。流苏似的芦花，像云，阵阵清香在如纱似雾的月光中弥散。牛乳般的暮霭流动如烟，小鸟在苇丛中呢喃，还有几声蝉鸣，几声虫唱。宁静，温和，洋溢的诗情触手可及。倘是周日，阳光暖暖地流泻，我用苇叶编一只小船，轻轻放人江中，看它悠悠地随风而去。更多的时候，我一卷在握，于芦花下，和屈子同愤，跟太白同醉，与东坡同发少年狂。在绵绵秋雨和茸茸的芦花织成的透明心境中，我读懂了字里行间的辛酸、痛苦、孤独、浓醇、率真和苦涩。人世沧桑和历史悲剧熔铸的惨痛，犹如滴血的利刃，我们的前人

工程造价试题(答案)

湖北第二师范学院继续教育学院2010—2011学年第二学期期中考试《建筑工程造价管理》课程考试试卷(B卷) 教学部门：年级专业： 学生姓名：学号： 考试方式：（开卷、闭卷）……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共16分） 1 下列不是工程造价管理的特点是（D） A 时效性 B 公正性 C 规范性 D 不准确性 2 设一次贷款本金为300万元，采用单利的模式计算利息，年利率是百分之六，经过五年后的本 利之和为(C)万元 A 300 B 350 C 390 D 400 3 工程量的计算单位中，以体积计算时，它的单位为（A） A 立方米 B 立方厘米 C 立方毫米 D 英尺 3 已知产量定额是10单位，那么时间定额是（D） A 10 B 0.5 C 1 D 0.1 4 已知一个零件的制作需要经过两个工序，第一个工序的时间定额是1工日，第二个工序的时间定额是4工日，那么这个零件的产量定额是（C） A 5 B 4 C 0.2 D 0.1 5 某投资香米在建设初期一次性投入100万元，经营期为10年，投产后每年可以获得净现金流量为10万，那么该项目的年现金系数为（C） A 10 B 1000 C 10 D 100 6 PI的含义是（C） A 利润 B 资金流量 C 现金指数 D 毛利 应该（A） 7 当项目盈利时，CI CO A 大于0 B 大于等于0 C 小于0 D 等于0 8 某项目的报告期综合人工单价为10，参照工程综合人工单价是8，那么人工费调整系数为（B） A 0.1 B 0.25 C 25 D 10

大学英语四级考试资料很详细

英语四级复习大全 第一章听力理解 第一节听力题型改革概述 听力比例由原来的20%提升到35%：短对话部分由原来的10题减至8题；增加两篇长对话，题量在3至4题每篇，一共7题；短文(俗称“段子题”)仍为3篇，题量在3至4题每篇，一共10题；复合式听写保持不变。以上4个听力部分中，短对话和长对话的分值一共占15%，而短文和复合式听写的分值一共占20%。听力题材涉及的范围更加广泛，形式灵活多样，包括对话、讲座、广播电视节目等等。 第二节听力题型概述及应试策略 一、关于对话题 (一) 长短对话听力题改革与分析 1. 听力短对话部分虽然由原先的10题改为8题，但就其题目特点与解题思路而言与以往的老题型没有太大的差异。这些题目一如既往地贯彻了以往的几大常见考点： ·转折引起的作者态度及谈论重点的变化； ·对现象原因的阐述与补充； ·反问句式、反意疑问句式的考察：反问和反意疑问在四级考试中永远以一种无疑而问的形式出现，这次依然用了这样的一个形式。因此，只要能很好把握其“无疑而问”的特点，就能方便解题。当然也应该注意到，反问句往往作为加强语气的建议句型出现的这一考点。 ·建议句型的考察：建议句型往往是比较复杂的考点之一，因为句型相对比较多，而且隐蔽性比较强。 ·场景、人物关系的推测； ·语音语调的考察。 综上所述，试点考试将依然遵循以往的考试规律和特点，一脉相承。但所谓的短对话却也越来越长，这也体现了现在考试在句型句式、言外之意和内容复杂化三个方面的发展趋势。 2. 听力长对话并不可怕，它结合了短对话对问答句式，建议请求，和关键场景赐予的考察和长段子对文章层次和理解能力的要求。所以做这样的题目往往需要具备综合的素质，既要注意其中的细节，又要注意整体的把握，还要能够应付7道题目的题量，这比以往的四级题目对综合能力的要求显著提高了。 (二) 长短对话听力技巧 应注意以下几点： 1. 提前阅读选项，判断问题所属，从而集中精力于有关信息。 2. 注意根据信息词汇判断地点和说话人的身份职业等。 当同学们看到四个地点和职业名词时，大脑中就应该马上出现与这些地点或职业相关的一系列词语，在听的过程中注意提到了什么信息词语，这样就可轻松地判断谈话发生的地点，说话人的职业或身份，以及谈话双方的关系。 为此，同学们有必要了解与各种职业和地点行业有关的信息词汇，如： 饭店：menu, order, waitress, waiter, take order, go Dutch, It's my treat等；

教师招聘考试真题及答案解析

2010 浙江教师招聘考试真题及答案解析 一、单项选择题( 在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题1 分，共20 分) 1.认为实验归纳法是获得真正知识的必由之路，为后来的教育学发展奠定了方法论基础的是( C ) 。 A.苏格拉底 B.夸美纽斯 C.培 根 D. 梅伊曼和拉伊 解析：英国哲学家培根(1561~1626) 为独立形态教育学的出现做出了重要贡献。 作为“近代实验科学鼻祖”，培根猛烈地批判了亚里士多德以来的经院哲学, 提出了实验的归纳法，将其看成是获得真正知识的必由之路，为后来教育学的发展奠定了方法论基础。此外,1623 年培根还首次把“教育学”作为一门独立的科学提了出来。 2.下列哪一观点是亚里士多德的思想( C ) 。 A.美德是否可教 B. 教学具有教育性 C.人的和谐发展和年龄分期 D. 教育即生活 解析：亚里士多德的和谐教育思想以灵魂论为基础、以培养优良的公民为目标、以德智体和谐发展为内容、以音乐陶冶为途径。其最早根据儿童身心发展的特点提出按年龄划分教育阶段的主张。 3.独立形态时期的第一本教育学著作是( C ) 。 A.《雄辩术原理》 B. 《康德论教 育》 C.《大教学论》 D.《论科学的价值和发展》 解析：在教育学史上，一般把夸美纽斯的《大教学论》看成是第一本教育学著作，此后，人们开始了教育学的独立探索时期。 4.与封建社会教育特征不符的是( A ) 。 A.师生关系民主化，出现了双轨制 B. 教育具有阶级性和宗教性 C .以“四书五经”等经典为教育内容书院和社学并存 D. 官学与私学、

5. 首先提出“普及教育”口号的是在 ( C ) 时期 A.奴隶社会 会 D. 社会主义社会 解析：随着生产力的发展， 科学技术和生产的结合越来越紧密， 要求工人的文化 程度越来越高， 再加上第二次世界大战以后民主化运动的发展， 资本主义提出了 “普及教育”的口号。 6. 我国第一个正式实施的学制是 ( D ) 。 A. 壬寅学制 B. 壬戌学制 C. 甲午 学制 D. 癸卯学制 解析：学校教育制度简称学制， 是指一个国家各级各类学校教育的系统。 我国近 代学制的情况： 1902 年，我国颁布了第一个近代学制“壬寅学制”，但未实施； 1904年，我国颁布了“癸卯学制”，这是我国第一个正式实施的学制。 1922 年， 我国颁布了“壬戌学制”，即通常所说的六三三学制，一直用到中华人民共和国 成立。 7. “君子欲化民成俗，其必由学乎”、“古之王者，建国君民，教学为先”体现 了 ( B ) 的教育目的观。 A. 教育无目的论 论 D. 个人本位论 解析：“君子欲化民成俗，其必由学乎”出自《礼记?学记》，意思是君子如果 要教化人民， 造成良好的风俗习惯， 一定要从教育入手。 表达了这样一种治学精 神即，教育，担负的最大责任不是传承知识，而是移风易俗。 “古之王者，建国 君民，教学为先”意为古代的君王建立国家，治理民众，都把教育当作首要的事 情。其体现了社会本文论的教育观。 8. 对残疾儿童的教育要依据 ( B ) 的特征进行。 A. 儿童身心发展的顺序性 化与互补的协调性 C. 儿童身心发展的统一性 平衡性 9. “教育对人的肉体和精神都要关心， 但主要关心的应当是灵魂， 教育应当建立 在精神本质占优势的基础上”，这一观点是 ( A ) 教育目的论。 A. 神学的 B. 科学本位 C. 社会本 B. 封建社 C. 资本主义社会 B. 社会本位 C. 科学本位论 B. 儿童身心发展的分 D. 儿童身心发展的不

2020-初二语文记叙文阅读(含答案)

(三)阅读下面选文，回答19——23题。（14分） 心中的芦苇 ①记忆中，有一片茂密的芦苇。她像自由的精灵，在远离世俗的淡泊中，独守江畔一方瘠土，筛风弄月，潇洒倜傥。瘦瘦的筋骨把生命的诗意一缕缕地挑亮，密密的芦花像一片片灿烂的微笑，将野地的清苦和宁静浓缩成亘古的沉默，醉倒了金风，醉倒了诗人。仿佛是王维的山水诗，寻不出现实意味和历史痕迹，只有一抹淡远空灵飘浮于烟的高度，还有一分清高，一分落寞，一分不为人知也无意让人知晓的随意与散逸，原始般的单纯和清淡。 ②芊芊芦苇，在滩涂上扎根，无拘无束；在纤桥旁摇曳，蓬蓬勃勃。从苍翠的湖绿，渐渐化做凝重的墨色，却依旧亭亭玉立，倩影婆娑。即使翻越季节的山峦，静候白霜降临，那满目的芦花与天上的白云融为一体，绵延至月光不能触及的地方，也依旧洁白光泽，充满蓬勃的张力，然后在冰冷的纯洁里面画上生命的句号。 ③这白发苍苍的芦苇，是樵子柴担上悠然飘起的一缕秋光，是村姑眉宇间挥之不去的一抹苍凉的妩媚。像衣香鬃影的女子涉水而来，从古代，从《诗经》，“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜”遂成千古绝唱。泅流中，弄篱荡舟的少年水手，采兰撷芷、在水一方的窈窕淑女，映衬着茂密的芦苇，成了三千年文明古国最优美的诗行。 ④倘若寄身木筏，去溯芦苇之源，那么，你能听到许多滩边涯际拉纤的号子和寨头镇尾浪漫的故事。你也会发现，苍凉凄美的芦花那么轻易就能拨动深藏的沧桑和历史的痛苦。 ⑤易水之滨，高渐离击筑，悲凉的旋律中，荆轲告别燕太子丹，踏上刺秦的不归路，他身后的芦花，一定在萧萧寒风中轻扬。乌江之畔，四面楚歌，西楚霸王柔肠寸断，在“虞兮虞兮奈若何”的哀叹声中，虞姬挥动长剑、裙袂飘飘，作最后的生命之舞。在她倒下的地方，雾茫茫，一片绢素，那是一岸的芦花在为这悲怆的诀别飘雪飞霜。汨罗江边，披发行吟的逐臣屈原，掩涕叹息，仰天长问。佞臣专权，楚王昏庸。居庙堂，不能为民解难；谪乡野，不能替君分忧。生命的寂寞郁结于心，奔突于胸，使诗人纵身大江，荡起的涟漪是芦苇悲鸣的泪滴，在湿湿的夜色中流淌。青青的生命的枝叶包裹起千千万万人民的祟敬和思念，投入历史的长河，成为端午节最深沉的纪念。 ⑥真正拥有芦苇，是在大学时代。我喜欢在学校后面的江边漫步——那里，茂密的芦苇像无边的绸带，向着远处缓缓铺开。流苏似的芦花，像云，阵阵清香在如纱似雾的月光中弥散。牛乳般的暮霭流动如烟，小鸟在苇丛中呢喃，还有几声蝉鸣，几声虫唱。宁静，温和，洋溢的诗情触手可及。倘是周日，阳光暖暖地流泻，我用苇叶编一只小船，轻轻放人江中，看它悠悠地随风而去。更多的时候，我一卷在握，于芦花下，和屈子同愤，跟太白同醉，与东坡同发少年狂。在绵绵秋雨和茸茸的芦花织成的透明心境中，我读懂了字里行间的辛酸、痛苦、孤独、浓醇、率真和苦涩。人世沧桑和历史悲剧熔铸的惨痛，犹如滴血的利刃，我们的前人把它揉碎了，咽下，宁可肝肠寸断，也要噙着泪带着微笑，轻轻地说，往事如烟啊! ⑦人是孱弱的，就像一根芦苇，但人又是坚强的，从柔弱中焕发出无穷韧性，那种连自己都有可能意识不到的坚韧，陪伴着我们一路向前。法国哲学家帕斯卡尔说：“思想形成人的伟大。人只不过是一根芦苇，是自然界最脆弱的东西，但它是一根能思想的芦苇。” ⑧这根能思想的芦苇，就是你，就是我…… 19．作者记忆中的芦苇有怎样的特点？（3分） 20．联系上下文回答,第③自然段中“……成了三千年文明古国最优美的诗行”是什么意思？（3分） 21．第④自然段在文中起了怎样的作用? （2分）

《建设工程造价案例分析》真题及答案

某工程项目发包人与承包人签订了施工合同，工期4个月，工程内容包括A、B两项分项工程，综合单价分别为360.00元/m3、220.00元/m3；管理费和利润为人材机费用之和的16%；规费和税金为人材机费用、管理费和利润之和的10%，各分项工程每月计划和实际完成工程量及单价措施项目费用见表5.1。 表5.1 分项工程工程量及单价措施项目费用数据表 总价措施项目费用6万元（其中安全文明施工费3.6万元）；暂列金额15万元。 合同中有关工程价款结算与支付约定如下： 1、开工日10天前，发包人应向承包人支付合同价款（扣除暂列金额和安全文明施工费）的20%作为工程预付款，工程预付款在第 2、3个月的工程价款中平均扣回）； 2、开工后10日内，发包人应向承包人支付安全文明施工费的60%，剩余部分和其它总价措施项目费用在第2、3个月平均支付； 3、发包人按每月承包人应得工程进度款的90%支付；

4、当分项工程工程量增加（或减少）幅度超过15%时，应调整综合单价，调整系数为0.9（或1.1）；措施项目费按无变化考虑； 5、B分项工程所用的两种材料采用动态结算方法结算，该两种材料在B分项工程费用中所占比例分别为12%和10%，基期价格指数均为100。施工期间，经监理工程师核实及发包人确认的有关事项如下： 1、第二个月发生现场计日工的人材机费用6.8万元； 2、第四个月B分项工程动态结算的两种材料价格指数分别为110和120。 问题： 1、该工程合同价为多少万元？工程预付款为多少万元？ 2.第2个月发包人应支付给承包人的工程价款为多少万元？ 3、到第三个月末B分项工程的进度偏差为多少万元？ 4、第四个月A、B两项分项工程的工程价款各位多少万元？发包人在该月应支付给承包人的工程价款为多少万元？ 答案： 1、合同价[（360×1000+220×700）/10000+7+6+15]×（1+10%）=87.34万元 工程预付款[（360×1000+220×700）/10000+7+6-3.6]×（1+10%）×20%=13.376万元 2、第2、3月支付措施费=（6-3.6×60%）/2=1.92万元

大学英语四六级复习资料总汇

[url=https://www.sodocs.net/doc/993109430.html,/readtopic.php?forumid=40&topicid=458010]最新四六级历年真题在线听力[并非幻觉][/url] [url=https://www.sodocs.net/doc/993109430.html,/readtopic.php?forumid=40&topicid=458000]======四级重要词汇分类记忆======[yinio][/url] [url=https://www.sodocs.net/doc/993109430.html,/readtopic.php?forumid=40&topicid=458005]===========四级阅读超精读===========[yinio][/url] [url=https://www.sodocs.net/doc/993109430.html,/readtopic.php?forumid=40&topicid=458008]======新东方四、六级写作背诵范文选======[yinio][/url] [url=https://www.sodocs.net/doc/993109430.html,/readtopic.php?forumid=40&topicid=453585]大学英语四、六级考试[应试篇]----请不要回帖！！！[紫莜][/url] [url=[url=https://www.sodocs.net/doc/993109430.html,/readtopic.php?forumid=40&topicid=458017]************六级常考词频(新东方老师总结)**********[紫莜][/url] [url=https://www.sodocs.net/doc/993109430.html,/readtopic.php?forumid=40&topicid=458029]***********大学英语CET六级词汇总结***********[[紫莜][/url] [url= https://www.sodocs.net/doc/993109430.html,/readtopic.php?forumid=40&topicid=457061]上海交大预测作文卷[cxx8108][/url] [url=https://www.sodocs.net/doc/993109430.html,/readtopic.php?forumid=40&topicid=456044]大学英语140页[xjjxyjy] [/url] [url=https://www.sodocs.net/doc/993109430.html,/readtopic.php?forumid=40&topicid=430147]六级综合改错题应对策略[忘海悦人][/url] [url=https://www.sodocs.net/doc/993109430.html,/readtopic.php?forumid=40&topicid=438738] **************短期突破：王长喜六级资料[标准阅读60篇]***********[紫莜] [/url] [url=https://www.sodocs.net/doc/993109430.html,/readtopic.php?forumid=40&topicid=422000]CET-4常考、常用短语！[短期突破][/url]（紫莜） [url=https://www.sodocs.net/doc/993109430.html,/readtopic.php?forumid=40&topicid=421937]六级单词不用愁，尽在此帖中！[/url]（cxx8108） [url=https://www.sodocs.net/doc/993109430.html,/readtopic.php?forumid=40&topicid=423163]【推荐】四级技巧集合[/url]（叶随风） [url=https://www.sodocs.net/doc/993109430.html,/readtopic.php?forumid=40&topicid=421992]HOT~《大学英语四级语法精要》附：EBOOK下载！[/url]（紫莜）

浙江省教师招聘考试真题及答案

浙江省教师招聘考试真题及答案

浙江省教师招聘考试真题及答案 一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题1分，共20分) 1.认为实验归纳法是获得真正知识的必由之路，为后来的教育学发展奠定了方法论基础的是( )。 A.苏格拉底 B.夸美纽斯 C.培 根 D.梅伊曼和拉伊 解析：英国哲学家培根(1561~1626)为独立形态教育学的出现做出了重要贡献。作为“近代实验科学鼻祖”，培根猛烈地批判了亚里士多德以来的经院哲学,提出了实验的归纳法，将其看成是获得真正知识的必由之路，为后来教育学的发展奠定了方法论基础。此外,1623年培根还首次把“教育学”作为一门独立的科学提了出来。C 2.下列哪一观点是亚里士多德的思想( )。 A.美德是否可教 B.教学具有教育性

C.以“四书五经”等经典为教育内容 D.官学与私学、书院和社学并存 A 5.首先提出“普及教育”口号的是在( )时期。 A.奴隶社会 B.封建社会 C.资本主义社会 D.社会主义社会 解析：随着生产力的发展，科学技术和生产的结合越来越紧密，要求工人的文化程度越来越高，再加上第二次世界大战以后民主化运动的发展，资本主义提出了“普及教育”的口号。C 6.我国第一个正式实施的学制是( )。 A.壬寅学制 B.壬戌学制 C.甲午学制 D.癸卯学制 解析：学校教育制度简称学制，是指一个国家各级各类学校教育的系统。我国近代学制的情况：1902年，我国颁布了第一个近代学制“壬寅学制”，但未实施；1904年，我国颁布了“癸卯学制”，这是我国第一个正式实施的学制。1922

初二语文下册末考试卷及答案

初二语文下册末考试卷及答案 （本试卷满分120分,答题时间120分钟） 一、明察秋毫（17分） 1．本题很简单。只要用你最喜欢的字体、最漂亮的字迹,把下面一句格言抄在方格里,并做到全卷书写工整、美观,就可得分。（2分） 自信是成功的第一要诀。 ——爱默生 2．下列句子中没有错别字的是( )( 3分) A．一些刚毕业的大学生虽然缺乏工作经验,但我们也不能对他们等闲示之。 B．自从上次在网吧被别人打得不醒人事后,他就决定要改斜归正了。 C．上课时,两位女同学交头结耳地谈论着一个赦赦有名的球星的情况。 D．匠师们自出心裁地在园林中设计了一处城垣。 3．下列各句中成语使用有误的一项是（）（3分） A．你那手指头一定是给小钉子弄破的,后来却异想天开,想得一笔什么赔偿费了。 B．诗人以匠心独运的杰出才能,为我们描绘了一幅色彩鲜明、情景交融的夜泊图画。 C．当鼓声戛然而止的时候,世界出奇的寂静。 D．李望水当时不在场,对这件事的经过一窍不通,你们就不要再问啦。 4．填入下面句子空白处的关联词语正确的一项是( )（3分） 我觉得客店兼办囚人的饭食和我不相干,好意难却,只得别寻相宜的住处了。 A．尽管但所以B．虽然然而也C．虽然但是所以D．即使然而也 5．下列修辞方法判断不正确的一项是( )( 3分) A．每一个根毛就是一个最基层的原料采集站( 比喻) B．冰河爬来了,带着泥土、碎石开始旅行。( 拟人) C．天门中断楚江开,碧水东流至此回。( 对偶)

D．花光如颊,温风如酒,波纹如绫： ( 排比、比喻) 6．初二（1）班的班主任张老师,一心扑在学生身上,积劳成疾,患病住进了 医院。有四位同学代表全班去看望望老师,他们都说了一番慰问的话。其中哪一 位同学说话不太讲究分寸？（）（3分） A．张老师,你一心为了我们,把身体累坏了。我们的心里都非常难过,愿您早 日康复。 B．张老师,你太不注意身体了,一工作起来就没日没夜的,以后一定要劳逸结合。 C．张老师,你安心在医院治病,我们会自觉地把班级工作搞好的,努力做到您 在和不在时一个样。 D．张老师,你要注意按时吃药,注意休息,病很快会好的。 二、知识积累及运用（18分） 7．文学常识（3分） ⑴山水名胜,美在自然,更美在人文。醉翁亭因一文化名人而名满天下,这一 文化名人是：（1分） ⑵“清水出芙蓉,天然去雕饰”这是田园诗派开创者的诗风,请说出田园诗派 的开创者是谁,我们学过他的哪篇文章。（2分） 8．名句积累（9分） ①纷纷暮雪下辕门,__________________。《白雪歌送武判官归京》 ②欲渡黄河冰塞川,_________。《行路难》 ③山河破碎风飘絮,__________________。《过零丁洋》 ④写出描写醉翁亭四季景色的句子： ,,,。 ⑤《登飞来峰》中与“会当凌绝顶,一览众山小”有异曲同工之妙的诗句是：“,”。 9．给下面6个句子正确排序。（2分） ①雨水落到河湖里,渗入到地下,都对岩石有破坏作用②如果大量的水结成了冰,形成冰河,它缓慢地移动着③水和空气还能够进入岩石内部的孔隙中造成破坏 ④即使在海洋中,海水也在不断地冲击着岸上的石壁⑤就好像一柄铁扫帚从地上 扫过,创刮着所遇到的一些石头⑥破坏作用就更大了 正确顺序是：（只填序号）

现代大学英语四级写作资料(1)

大学英语四级写作资料 一、大学英语四级考试大纲（2006 修订版）对写作的要求 写作选用考生所熟悉的题材。考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等，写出一篇不少于120词的短文。写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。考试时间30分钟。 写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作，思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。写作部分考核的技能是： A.思想表达 1.表达中心思想 2.表达重要或特定信息 3.表达观点、态度等 B.篇章组织 4.围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点 5.连贯地组句成段，组段成篇 C.语言运用 6.运用恰当的词汇 7.运用正确的语法 8.运用合适的句子结构 9.使用正确的标点符号 10.运用衔接手段表达句间关系（如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等） D.写作格式 11.运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式 大学英语四级考试写作部分要求考生达到《教学要求》中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出至少120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技能。” 二、四级考试写作评分标准 （1）本题满分为15分。 （2）阅卷标准共分四等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷1-2份。 （3）阅卷人根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）； 若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可以加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分）。但不得加或减半分。（4）评分标准 ?2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或绝大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 ?5分：基本切题。思想表达不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语法错误。 ?8分：基本切题。思想表达清楚，文章尚连贯，但语法错误较多，其中有一些是严重错误。 ?11分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语法错误。 ?14分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语法错误。仅有个别小错误。 ?注：白卷、所写内容与题目毫不相关或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。 （5）字数不足应酌情扣分。 题目中给出主题句、起始句和结束句，均不得记入所写字数。 只写一段者：0-4分；只写两段者，0-9分（指规定三段的作文） （6）各档作文相当于百分制的得分，列表如下，称为得分率。其中9分的得分率为60分（相当于百分制的60分）。

舒婷《笑靥千秋》阅读

舒婷《笑靥千秋》阅读 笑靥千秋 舒婷 (1)记忆中最温柔的笑容莫过于妈妈的嫣然一笑，这就是童年时代的最高奖赏。仿佛我在普通话比赛中获奖，我在学校歌咏大会的领唱，每周成绩通知单上的“全优”，都是为了获得妈妈的展颜微笑。 (2)妈妈的牙齿细密整齐，只是牙龈偏低，每逢她开怀大笑，就虚握拳头遮羞，像扶着麦克风，那姿势有些可笑，却又令我向往。因为，当时在我们的生活里，能让妈妈如此忘情的开心事总是鲜于遇见。 (3)这是母亲的笑容，每个亲情笃至的儿女都能在自己母亲的脸上汲取这种光辉。 (4)我在插队时的女伴长相可以说很一般：小眼睛、塌鼻梁，生气时两片嘴唇一堵，活像两扇厚墙门，那几颗雀斑简直要暴出来。但她有足够的聪明才智，在那样单调的生活中，不仅自己笑声不断，同时让小集体洋溢欢乐的气氛。 (5)我怀念她笑起来的样子：眼睛弯如新月，连乌黑的长眉都有感情，露出一口整齐的皓齿，要多甜有多甜!为这笑容，村村队队有多少小伙子夜间在桥头为她弹吉他。 (6)这是青春无畏的笑容，不知何时，它们已在我们的脸上凋谢。但我们仍能从周围少男少女们的幸福中一再欣赏这些芬芳的花朵。 (7)我的师傅是位极普通的女工。善良、勤劳、刚愎和自信混合一起的个性，使她所在的班组烽烟不息。我成为她的徒弟，不少人为我捏一把汗。但三年中，我和她相处得很亲密，甚至成了班组的避雷针。我喜欢她的笑容，常常逗她乐得前仰后合。她的沧桑的前额舒展开来，疲倦的大眼睛又有了温暖的光彩，拉成长沟的颊上有当年酒窝的影子。她一定非常美丽过，但乡下跑出来的灰姑娘和拣到她的士兵丈夫，似乎从来不曾意识到。 (8)这种质朴的笑容让人想到野地的花，随时可见，又总被忽略。它既单纯又丰富，使你联想到劳动的艰巨与欢欣，想到生命的漫长与短暂，想到源与本，想到忘与记之间我们那些无法言喻的模糊冲动、情感的濡湿。 (9)还有一种女政治家的笑容。女人，又是政治家。 (10)笑容于她们像男政治家当年的中山装当今的西装一样，是必备的披挂。尽管笑容的各部门都有分寸的，因对上级、同事、下属的不同调整位置。但我们仍然期待它，哪怕配备一双眼睛寒气袭人。就像在悬崖峭壁的攀援中，暂时找到一个落脚点，心一松又一紧，于是再寻找，再接触下一个落脚点。 (11)在当年居委会主任、工厂女人班组长那儿一再经受这种考验后，我领悟到：女政治家的笑容就是让你老那么附在悬崖上，掉不下来。 (12)有人说：笑是一门艺术。 (13)哦，这话真可怕! 16．你如何理解文中划线句子“她的沧桑的前额舒展开来”中“沧桑”一词的含义?。(3分) 17．第四段写“女伴”长相很一般，这样写的用意是什么?(4分) 18．文章通过对笑的反复描写，表达怎样的思想感情?(4分) 19．在文中依次写了“母亲”“女伴”“师傅”“女政治家”等四类人的笑，使文章呈现出平行并列的结构形式。请问这四个题材的顺序能否调换?请简述你的理由。(4分) 16．(1)“沧桑”一词暗示了师傅面容的苍老，表现了岁月的无情。(2)间接表现师傅生活的艰难、工作的艰辛等。(第一点1分，第二点2分，计3分) 17．第四段写到“女伴”外貌的丑，一是为了突出她长相普通，二是为了反衬她甜美动