湖北省学位英语考试大纲及语法考试重点

湖北省学位英语考试大纲

根据湖北省学位委员会关于做好学士学位授予工作的文件精神，对原考试大纲做出适当修改，考试难度有所增加，以使我省成人本科生申请学士学位英语考试迸一步做到正常化、规范化。

本考试的目的在于客观、科学地检查申请学士学位的各类成人本科学生的英语语言基础知识及运用能力，促进我省各类成人本科学生提高其英语学习水平。考试对象为申请学士学位的非英语专业的各类成人本科生。

本考试由湖北省学位委员会办公室统一布署，一般于每年四月的第二个星期六上午举行。

考试内容

本考试由五个部分组成：分为词汇用法与语法结构20分、阅读理解40分、完形填空10分、翻译(英译汉)20分、写作30分共5个部分，总分120分;

试卷一(Paper One)

第一部分词语用法和语法结构(PartⅡ Vocabulary and Structure):

主要测试考生运用词汇、短语、及语法结构的能力。共20题，每题由一个不完整的句子及A、B、C、D 四个选择题组成，考生应从四个选择申选出一个使该句完整、正确。考试时间为20分钟。

第二部分阅读理解(PartIII Reading Comprehension)：

主要测试考生能否掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节;能否在理解字面意思的同时，根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论;能否在理解个别句子意义的同时，也理解上下文的逻辑关系。共20题，考试时阅40分钟，要求考生有一定的阅读速度阅读若干篇短文。总阅读量为2600词左右。每篇短文后有若于个问题，考生应根据短文内容从每题的四个选择项申选出一个最佳答案。选材的原则是:

1.题材广泛，所涉及的背景知识应为学生所理解，包括人物传记、社会、历史、地理、日常用语、科技常识等。

2. 体裁多样，可以包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等。

3. 文章语言难度适中。无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词用汉语注明词义。

第三部分完形填空(Part Ⅳ Close)：

主要测试考生综合运用语言的能力。共10 题。考试时间为10分钟。在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约100词) 中留10个空白。每个空白为一题，每题有四个选择项目，要求考生在通读全文，理解短文大意的基础上综合学过的语法词汇知识及本人常识，为空白选项选择一个最佳答案，便短文的意思和结构完整。

试卷二(Part Two)

第四部分英译汉(PartⅤ Translation From English into Chinese)：

主要测试考生将英语翻译成汉语的能力。共5题，计20分，考试时阅为20分钟。本部分有短文一篇，篇幅为300词左右，短文题材、体裁及语言难度与阅读理解部分相近，要求考生将短文中五个划线句予译成中文。

第五部分写作(PartVI Writing)：

要测试考生用英语书面表达思想的一般能力。写作要求切题，能正确表达思想，内容连贯，无重大语法错误。满分为15分，考试时间为30分钟，考生所写短文应不少于120词。

答题和计分

试卷一(Paper One)上的选择题，考生应从每题的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上的相应部分的字母上用铅笔划一横线。每题只能选择一个答案，多选则该题不计分。选择由计算机阅卷，只按答对的题数计分。

试卷二(Paper Two)上的翻译和写作，也应按要求做在规定的答题纸上。书写要清楚，不要随意涂

改。

学位英语语法考试重点

核心提示：第一节动词的时态：讲12种特别关注：1、一般现在时的特殊用法；2、一般过去时；

3、过去进行时

4、现在完成时

5、过去完成时；

6、将来完成时；

7、现在完成进行完成时；

8、过去完成进行时。一、一般现在式：特殊用法：在时间状语、条件状语从句(if, unless)中表示将来的动作:A．时间状语...

第一节动词的时态：讲12种

特别关注：1、一般现在时的特殊用法；2、一般过去时；3、过去进行时4、现在完成时5、过去完成时；6、将来完成时；7、现在完成进行完成时；8、过去完成进行时。

一、一般现在式：

特殊用法：在时间状语、条件状语从句(if, unless)中表示将来的动作:

A．时间状语(before, after, untill, as soon as, when)：

They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _finish_their exams.

When the mixture _is heated , it will give off a powerful force.

34.”When are you going to visit your uncle in Chicago?”

“As soon as D.we complete our work for tomorrow.”(03/11试A)

B．条件状语(if, unless)：

We’ll go fishing if weather is good tomorrow.

D。改为is free。when引导的时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。2000年试题A

I can’t go to your birthday party unless my father agrees.

除非我爸爸同意,否则我去不了你的生日会

二、一般过去时：(要掌握常用不规则动词的过去式及过去分词形式,40个左右)

1、简单陈述去过的动作或状态：would do

2、used to do sth 过去常常做(现在不做了);

be used to doing 习惯于做……(现在还在做)

We used to swim in the river when we were in the countryside.

我们过去常在河里游泳。(现在不了)

The old man is used to getting up early in the morning. 老人习惯早起

3、It is …time since +从句引导的时间状语从句中, since后谓语动词用一般过去时(自从…以来)

三、一般将来时

1、will（shall）+原形动词：表示将来的动作或状态。

例：He will come and help you. 他会来帮助你的。

2、be going to +动词原形：表示马上就要发生的事情或打算好要做的事。

例：Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去听这个演讲吗？

3、be to +动词原形：强调按安排或计划\命令要求\命中注定的动作

The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day三环路将在国庆节前通车。

You are to do your homework. 你必须先做作业

Your plan is to fail. 你的计划注定失败

4、用某些动词的现在进行时表达根据计划、安排而将于近期（将来）发生的事情，代表动词：go ,come, start, stop, arrive，leave，play等

We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。

5、一般现在时表示将来（见前一、一般现在时）

四、现在进行时

1、表示说话时（现阶段）正在进行的动作。

The teacher is talking with his students. 这位老师正在同他的学生交谈

表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻并不一定在进行。

I am attending a conference in Beijing. 我正在北京参加一个会议。

2、表示经常或反复发生的动作，但往往带有欣赏、厌恶等的感情色彩

He is always thinking of others first. 他总是先为别人着想。(欣赏)

Why are you always leaving things behind. 你怎么总是丢三落四的(厌恶)

3、描述某人一时的表现，通常用动词be 的进行时态

She is being friendly today. 她今天很友善。（平时不这样）

五、过去进行时was/were doing

表示在过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。常需用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断时间。

I fell and hurt myself while I _ A. was playing_ tennis. （98年43题）

重点：when 和while 的区别

when 表示时间上的点，引导的句子用一般过去时

while 表示持续的一段时间，引导的句子用过去进行时

六、现在完成时have/has done(过去分词)

1、表示过去到现在这段时间完成完成并对现在有影响的动作或状态，常和just, already, so far, yet, up to now, up to the present, recently, lately, in the past few years 连用。

I have seeen the film. 我看过这个电影。(我了解电影的内容)

2、表示过去开始一直延续到现在的动作、状态、经历或习惯等，通常和延续性动词连用：stay, study, live, to be, teach, work …, 常用since，even since引导的短语或从句，或由for 引导的短语连用。

He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿已经三十年了（现在还住在这儿）

Have you even been to Tibet? 你去过西藏吗？

C。应改为have had difficulty 。因为ever since 引导句子的时候，从句用过去时，主句要用现在完成时。(2001年试题)

3、固定句式：it is the first/second/last time that +延续性动词过去完成时

It is the first time that I have met Jane. 那是我第一次见到简。

（2）It is 3 years since I left Shanghai .我离开上海已经三年了。

4、现在完成时和一般过去时

Jone has lived Landon for 10 years. 现在还住

Jone lived Landon for 10 years. 曾经住，现在不在了

七、过去完成时had done

1、表示在过去的某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作（即过去的过去）。可用by, uptill, before, after, when等介词或连词引导的短语或从句表示。

When I arrived he had left. 我到那他刚走

40、When I went to visit Mrs.Smith last week, I was told she D. had left tow days before.

(0311试A)

2、没有时间状语时，时间先后收上下文表示：

I didn’t know he had moved out. 我不知道他已经搬家了

3、特殊用法：

（1）和before连用，表示“还没来得及…就…“

She wept before I had realized what was happening.

我还没明白怎么回事之前她就哭了

2）It was the first/second/last time that + 过去完成时

It was the first time (that) they had tried foreign food.

这是他们第一次吃西餐。

4、常用在no sooner …than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…，一…就…。句型之中，句子到装。

I had no sooner returned than he called.

八、将来完成时：表示在将来某一时间以前已完成或发生的动作

By the end of next month, he will have been here for 10 years.

到下个月为止，他在这住了10年了

24、I _D.shall have finished _ writing the article by the time you get. (00)

30. By next year he A. has worked in New York for five years. (0411A)

九、现在完成进行时：表示从过去某时一直延续到现在的动作have/has been doing

We have been waiting for you for an hour.

我们等了你一小时了。( 动作到此为止，不持续下去)

I have been learning English for 10 years.

我学英语10年了。(还要继续学下去)

十、过去将来时：表示相对于过去的将来，多见于间接引语出现在阅读或完型中

形式：would do 或was/were going to do

He said that he would watch his car the next day. 他说明天要洗车。

He said that he was going to watch his car the next day.

十一、过去完成进行时：表示过去某一时刻以前一直延续的的动作had been doing They had been waiting for an hour before the bus came.

64. Even though Sedat has been studying English for three years before came to the United States , It is still difficult for him to expresshimself. (0304A)

B. has been 改为had been

十二、将来完成进行时：表示将来某一时刻以前一直进行的动作。

By next month he will have been working in out factory for 30 years.

到下个月他在我们工厂工作30年了。

41. By the time you arrive this evening, D. I will have been studying for two house. (0411A)

第二节被动语态to do sth. 一般集中在挑错题中

特别关注：不定式的被动式，由主动变被动时to的特殊处理

相关知识：

A、及物动词和不及物动词

及物动词：后面可直接加宾语(名词、动名词、人称代词的宾格、数词)

不及物动词：后面不可直接加宾语，＋介词＋宾语

有些动词在不同的句子中既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。water

49. These part-time students expect to to offer some jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation. (0404A)

答：A，改为to be offed。

offer为及物动词，后面必须有宾语，若后面宾语，应是被动句

B、行为动词与系动词

行为动词：表示实际动作，包括表示思维活动的词: want, think…等

系动词：表示主语的性质、状态和特征，be动词、可放在形容词前的某些动词：get、run、turn、smell…等

一、何种情况下可使用被动语态：

1，强调动作的接受者。

The kitchen is shared by the three of us. 厨房是我们三人用。

Football is played over of the world. 世界各地都踢足球。

2，不知道或没必要说明的执行者是谁。

The data have been computerized for two years now.

这些数据已经由计算处理两年了。

These books are written for children. 这些书是儿童读物

3，出于礼貌、措辞婉转等原因不方便、不愿意说明动作的执行者。

I was told that you are very lazy. 我听人说你很懒。

The car was damaged. 车撞坏了。

4，避免变换主语，以求行文流畅。

He appeared on the stage and was warmly applaused by the audience.

他出现在舞台上时，观众的热烈鼓掌。

学位英语语法重点—非谓语动词

核心提示：非谓语动词非谓语动词可谓是语法项目考查的重点，那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点，解答时又应注意些什么呢？下面分析一下：1、非谓语动词考查特点1) 谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构，如：All things ___ because of the snow...

非谓语动词

非谓语动词可谓是语法项目考查的重点，那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点，解答时又应注意些什么呢？下面分析一下：

1、非谓语动词考查特点

1) 谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断

对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构，如：

All things ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.

A. had been canceled

B. have been canceled

C. were canceled

D. having been canceled

四个选项中有三个是谓语动词，只有D是非谓语动词，只要同学们能判断出这里是非谓语动词做状语，则不用考虑时态的问题，答案自明。

2) 谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择

谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是三级语法测试中的一个题眼。如：

① I don't mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.

A. you to delay making

B. your delaying making

C. your delaying to make

D. you delay to make

② Had I remembered ____ the windows, the thief would not have got

in.

A. to close

B. closing

C. to have closed

D. having closed

③ Your hair wants ______ . You'd better have it done tomorrow.

A. cut

B. to cut

C. cutting

D. being cut

这类题涉及三个方面：

谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词？

即可接不定式又可接动名词时，结构和意思上有何差别？

不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式？

3) 做定语的非谓语动词的选择

从近几年的考查情况来看，对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况：

(1)对一般概念的考查，而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。如：

① The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's

telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.

A. accomplished

B. being accomplished

C. to be accomplished

D. having been accomplished

② If I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humor and

self-restraint as if I were the one ______.

A. to correct

B. correcting

C. having been corrected

D. being corrected

同学们只要掌握非谓语动词做定语的一般的规律,就可以判断①题答案为C，②题答案为D。

(2)对固定结构的考查，如：

① The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his

arguments in favor of the new theory.

A. to be based on

B. to base on

C. which to base on

D. on which to base

② The pressure _____ causes Americans to be energetic, but it

also puts them under a constant emotional strain.

A. to compete

B. competing

C. to be competed

D. having competed

①题为不定式做定语的固定形式，答案为D，②题为某些特定名词的定语结构，答案为A。在英语中有些名词，如动词变来的名词，形容词变来的名词，以及means, way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定语，不定式没有体的变化。

4) 做状语的非谓语动词的选择

做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择，如：

① ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would

fall off the edge of the earth.

A. Having believed

B. Believing

C. Believed

D. Being Believed

② _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at

least a master's degree.

A. To become

B. Become

C. One becomes

D. On becoming

③ Realizing that he hadn't enough money and ____ to borrow from

his father, he decided to sell his watch.

A. not wanted

B. no to want

C. not wanting

D. wanting not

④ ___ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific

circles.

A. Believe

B. To believe

C. Believing

D. Believed

从以上各题来看，考查的侧重点有：

(1)状语类别的判断

不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，目的状语要求用不定式，如②。

(2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系

根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。

(3)非谓语动词的否定形式

not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前，如③。

(4) 独立成分

有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成分只记忆即可。如: generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。

5) 做补足语的非谓语动词的选择

做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制，不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。近几年对各类宾补都有考查。如：

① They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in

the office tomorrow.

A. install

B. to install

C. to be installed

D. installed

② After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory

dispute ______.

A. being settled

B. to be settled

C. had settled

D. as settled

③ You will see this product ____ wherever you go.

A. to be advertised

B. advertised

C. advertise

D. advertising

④ His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose.

A. wondered

B. wonder

C. to wonder

D. wondering

⑤ When I caught him ______ me I stopped buying things there and

started dealing with another shop.

A. cheating

B. cheat

C. to cheat

D. to be cheating

⑥ The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the

audience _____ on benches, chairs or boxes.

A. having seated

B. seating

C. seated

D. having been seated

考查涉及到

感官动词后的宾语补足语，如③。

have, make, let, leave等特殊单词后的宾语补足语。

regard类后面的宾语补足语

with独立分句后面的

常用动词后面的宾语补足语。

6) 做表语的非谓语动词的选择

表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择，很少有动名词的用法的考查，虽然选项中有不定式作为干扰项，只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如：

① The house was very quiet, ____ as it was on the side of the

mountain.

A. isolated

B. isolating

C. being isolated

D. having been isolated

② These surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police,

mainly because not all victims report them.

A. unrecorded

B. to be unrecorded

C. unrecording

D. to have been unrecorded

分词做表语可以做系动词be的表语，也可以做其它系动词的表语，如go, feel,seem, look, remain等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的饿用法规则是相同的。

7) to作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择

to可以是介词，也可以用来引导不定式，三级考试中对种类用法的考查也比较多。如：

① I have no objection _______ your story again.

A. to hear

B. to hearing

C. to having heard

D. to have heard

② The traditional approach ____ with complex problems is to break

down into smaller, more easily managed problems.

A. to dealing

B. in dealing

C. dealing

D. to deal

③ The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager

of the company. (1997.6)

A. have told

B. be told

C. being told

D. having told

这类考题的考查方式有两种，一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项to do something 和to doing something，这时考查的自然是to的性质；另一种是to在题干中，如③。

8) 分词前连词的使用

分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了，使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况(1)根据连词选择适当的分词形式

Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.

A. scolding

B. to scold

C. having scolded

D. scolded

when的使用说明非谓语动词做时间状语，答案不可能是B，从scold与句子主语间的逻辑关系来看，应该是动宾关系，答案应该是D。

(2)根据状语的功能选择不同的连词

Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of

patient do not take drugs ___ directed.

A. like

B. so

C. which

D. as

由上下文的意思可以看出，分词所做的是方式状语，连词应该是as。

9) 非谓语动词的体

非谓语动词中分词的体有完成体和进行体，即having done, having been done和being done，完成体只用于做状语的场合，而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。

动名词的体也有having done, having been done和being done的结构主要用于做主语和宾语的场合。不定式的体有to be doing 和to have done，主要用于pretend, happen, seem, appear, be said to等结构中。如：

① The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager

of the company.

A. have told

B. be told

C. being told

D. having told

having told在句中做介词宾语，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。

② I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem ____

all the time.

A. to get worse

B. to be getting worse

C. to have got worse

D. getting worse

从all the time的使用可以推断get worse是一个渐变过程，所以用不定式的进行体。

③ The speech _____ a lively discussion started.

A. being delivered

B. was delivered

C. be delivered

D. having been delivered

该结构属于独立主格结构做时间状语，状语分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，所以应该用完成体，答案为D。

学位英语语法重点—非谓语动词2

核心提示：非谓语动词 1.非谓语动词用作主语2.非谓语动词用作宾语3.非谓语动词用作定语4.非谓语

动词用作状语5.非谓语动词用作宾补非谓语动词为英语自学考试中出题最多的题型，重点考查不定式，分词和动名词的句法功能。下面就非谓语动词的用法作一简要概述。【用作主语】非谓语动词能用作主...

非谓语动词

1.非谓语动词用作主语

2.非谓语动词用作宾语

3.非谓语动词用作定语

4.非谓语动词用作状语

5.非谓语动词用作宾补

非谓语动词为英语自学考试中出题最多的题型，重点考查不定式，分词和动名词

的句法功能。下面就非谓语动词的用法作一简要概述。

【用作主语】

非谓语动词能用作主语的只有不定式和动名词，它们在这一用法上略有区别：

1. 表示抽象的概念时，可用不定式或动名词作主语；表示个别的，具体的动作或

表示将来的意思时，只能用不定式作主语。

① To solve the problem is out of question. 解决这个问题不在话下。

（表示个别，具体的动作，不用动名词短语solving the problem作主语。）

② We can not accept this idea. To accept it means to give up our stand.

我们不能接受这个观点，接受它就意味着放弃了我们自己的立场。

（To accept表示一种将来的含义。）

2. 1）不定式短语和动名词短语作主语时常用形式主语it引导。有时两者可互用。

It is not easy to master (mastering) a foreign language. 掌握一门外语不容易。

2）但在It is no good/ use / help/ point/ sense …, 和There is no …等句式中，一般用动名词,不可用不定式代替。

① There is no use crying over spilt milk. 牛奶撒了，哭也没有用。

② It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.

给他写信一点用也没有，他从不回信。

Is there any good trying to explain? 解释会有用吗

3）不定式的复合结构常用“It + be + adj. + for + 代词宾格+不定式”的句式，其中不定式是真正的主语，代词宾格为它的逻辑主语。

① It is necessary for us to do some more practice. 我们必须多做一些练习。

② That is really kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太好了。

（在口语中，如果形容词和逻辑主语的关系很密切，常用of代替for，组成习惯用法。）

【用作宾语】

不定式和动名词均可用作宾语。

1. 一些动词要求用不定式作宾语，常见的有：afford, agree, ask, want, hope, decide, like, wish, try, learn, except, prefer, begin, help, offer, start, fail, plan, promise, refuse, 等动词。

I can not afford to buy a new car. 我买不起一辆新车。

2. 一些动词要求用动名词作宾语，常见的有：enjoy, finish, avoid, excuse, mind, suggest, practise, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, quit, risk, stop, miss, complete, escape, mention, favor等动词。

①He still did not admit stealing the diamond. 他仍然不承认偷了钻石。

②You should practise speaking English as much as possible. 你应该多练习说英语。

3. 有些动词后既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语。这有几种情况：

1）如like, begin, start, want, love, hate, attempt, continue, intend, prefer等动词，跟不定式或动名词作宾语意思差别不太大。一般说来，用动名词表示的是抽象的，时间不确定的动作；用不定式表示的是具

体的，确切的动作。

① I like walking to school. 我喜欢步行去上学。（表示一个总体抽象的概念）

② I would like to walk to school today. 我今天想步行去上学。（表示一个具体的，确切的动作）

2) 有些动词，如stop, remember, forget, try, propose, mean, regret等，后接不定式和接动名词意思不同。stop to do 停下来去做某事

stop doing 停止做某事

remember/forget to do 记得/忘了要去做某事

remember/forget doing 记得/忘了做过某事

try to do 努力，企图

try doing 试一试某种方法

regret to do 对尚未做或正在做的事表示遗憾

regret doing 对做过的事表示后悔

mean to do 打算做某事

mean doing 意味着

propose to do 打算做某事

propose doing 建议做某事

① I do not remember ever meeting that man. 我不记得见过那个人。

Please remember to phone me when you get there. 请到那儿之后给我打电话。

② I propose resting for half an hour. 我建议休息半个小时。

I propose to go to London this summer. 我打算夏天到伦敦去。

③ I regret to tell you that you lost the game. 我非常遗憾地通知你，你输了。

3) 有些动词，如advise, admit, allow, authorize, bear, consider, like,encourage, forbid, intend, permit, recommend等，可同时用于“主语+ 动词+ 动名词”和“主语+ 动词+ 宾语+ 不定式”的结构中。

① They encouraged learning English by radio. 他们鼓励通过收音机学英语。

They encouraged me to learn English by radio. 他们鼓励我通过收音机学英语。

② She recommended visiting the Great Wall. 她推荐游览长城。

She recommended us to visit the Great Wall. 她建议我们游览长城。

4）need, want, require, deserve, demand, bear等动词后，跟不定式时，用被动形式表示被动含义；跟动名词时，用主动形式表被动含义。注意：此时主语多为物。

This book deserves mentioning / to be mentioned. 这本书值得一提。

The room needs cleaning / to be cleaned. 屋子需要打扫了。

【用作定语】

1. 不定式，动名词和分词都可作定语。

1）不定式作定语，一般后置，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在着动宾关系。因此，如不定式为不及物动词，需带相应的介词。

The subject I am going to write about is rather interesting.

我正要写的这个题目十分有意思。（write 后需加上介词about）

2）动名词作定语相当于名词作定语，一般前置。

① a swimming pool 游泳池

② reading material 阅读材料

3）分词作定语相当于形容词作定语，单个分词作定语一般前置（但单个过去分词

常后置），分词短语总是后置。

Matter is the name given to everything which has weight and occupies space.

物质是一种名称，用来指任何一个有重量占空间的东西。

2. 分词与不定式作定语的区别：

1）现在分词作定语表示事实，正在进行之事；不定式作定语表示目的，忠告，将

要做之事。

2）分词作定语时，单个分词作定语一般前置（但单个过去分词常后置），分词短

语总是后置；不定式作定语，一般后置，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在着动宾关系

或主谓关系。

① The next train to arrive was from New York.下一辆到站的列车是从纽约开来的。（train和arrive构成主谓关系；to arrive是一种将来的动作。）

② I need a pen to write with. 我需要一只笔写字。（pen和write构成主谓关系；介词with不可省。）

③ He has too many things to do. 他要做的事情太多了。（do和things构成动

宾关系；to do是一种将来的动作。）

④ A little child learning to walk often falls. 学走路的孩子常常摔跤。（learning to walk表示一种正在进行之动作。）

⑤ He wants his egg fried. 他要吃煎鸡蛋。(fried为过去分词,后置,有一种被动的含义，等于to be fried)【用作状语】

1. 不定式和分词都可用作状语。

1) 不定式作状语常用作目的状语，原因状语，结果状语，表示一种目的，结果，

或者表示未来的动作。分词作状语，可表示时间，原因，伴随状况，让步，条件，方式等。

2) 现在分词作状语表示一种主动。过去分词作状语表示被动，并常用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。

① To become a teacher, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree. 要成为一名教师，至少必须得有硕士学位。（不定式作目的状语，并表示一种未来的动作）

② Arriving home at daybreak, he felt deadly tired. 他天亮了才到家，都快累死了。（现在分词作时间状语）

③ We jumped with joy to hear the news. 听到那个消息，我们高兴得跳起来。（不定式作原因状语）We jumped with joy on hearing the news. 听到那个消息，我们高兴得跳起来。（现在分词作原因状语）④ Absorbed in the work, he neglected food and sleep. 他专心致志于这项工作到了废寝忘食的地步。（过去分词作伴随状语，并表示被动。）

⑤ Caught in the rain, he was wet to the skin. 他被雨淋得湿透了。（用过去分词只强调原因，无时间概念。）

Having caught in the rain, he was wet to the skin. 他被雨淋得湿透了。（用现在分词完成式强调分词动作发生在主句动作之前。）

Being caught in the rain, he was wet to the skin. 他被雨淋得湿透了。（用现在分词被动式强调分词动作与主句动作同时发生。）

2. 分词独立主格结构

一般分词结构作状语时,其逻辑主语就是主句的主语；而独立主格结构作状语的条件就是其逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致。分词独立主格结构的作用相当于分词短语作状语，表示原因，时间，让步，伴随状况等。

① The work done, we felt relieved. 工作做完了，我们感到很轻松。

② Weather permitting, we'll go for a picnic. 要是天气允许的话，我们就去野餐。

③ The students having done all the exercises, the teacher went on to explain the text.学生做完所有的练习后，老师接着讲课文。

【用作宾补】

不定式和分词都可用作宾语补足语。

1. 不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的全过程，且动作已完成。有时还可表示一般事

实。现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动，动作正在进行；过去分词作宾语补足语表示被

动，以及动作的完成。

① When I caught him cheating me, I stopped buying things there. 当我抓到他欺骗我时，我就不再在那儿买东西了。

② Don't get your schedule changed; stay with us. 不要改变你的安排，跟我们在一起吧。

③ You can count on us to give you full support. 你放心，我们会全力支持你的。

2. 一些动词，如have, make, let; see, watch, observe, perceive, notice; feel, smell, hear, listen to等，要求用不带to的动词不定式作宾补。

① We saw him go out. 我们看见他出去了。

② Suddenly we felt the atmosphere grow tense. 突然我们感到气氛紧张了起来。

但这种句子如果变为被动结构，to就必须要恢复。

① They were made to work day and night. 他们被迫日夜工作。

3. 动词不定式带to与不带to的小结。

1）在had better, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon,

might(just) as well, can not but等搭配之后，动词不定式不带to。

① They cannot but accept his idea. 他们不得不接受他的主意。

② I'd rather not have classes in the morning. 我不愿意上午上课。

2) 在介词except, but之后，如果其前有动词do的某种形式，不定式一般不带to；反之则须带to。

① There's nothing to do except wait for another train. 没有办法只有等下一列火车了。

② There's nothing else to do but send for the doctor. 别无它法只好请大夫了。

③ Nothing could save the company but to reform. 只有改革才能挽救这个公司。

3）连词rather than, sooner than置于句首时，其后的不定式不带to。

Rather than cause trouble, I am going to forget the whole affair. 我想把这事完全忘掉，而不是若麻烦。4）在Why, Why not结构中，紧接其后的动词不定式总是不带to。

① Why argue with him? 为什么跟他争吵呢？

② Why not send her some flowers? 为什么不送她一些花呢？

语法练习

1. He turned round only ____ that his purse was stolen. B

A. see

B. to see

C. saw

D. seeing

分析

选B

译文：他转身发现钱包被人偷走了。

解：only后接不定式，表示意料不到的结果，作句子的结果状语。

2. The man wore dark glasses to avoid ____ . D

A. to recognize

B. to be recognized

C. recognizing

D. being recognized

分析

选D

译文：那个男人戴着墨镜，以免被认出来。

解：avoid要求动名词作宾语。根据句子意思，the man是动作recognize的承受者，故应为被动语态。

3.Do you remember ____ to Professor Smith during your last visit? C

A. to be introduced

B. having introduced

C. being introduced

D. to have introduced

分析

选C

译文：你还记不记得你上一次来访的时候被介绍给史密斯先生?

解：remember后接动词不定式一般式作宾语表示即将发生的动作；接动名词作宾语表示已经发生的动作。从本句的时间状语during your last visit可知这是一个已经发生了的动作。动词introduce和听话

人you之间为动宾关系，故应为被动语态。

4.____ enough time and funds, scientists would have been able to discover more in this field. A

A. Given

B. Giving

C.To give

D.Gives

分析

选A

译文：如果给予足够的时间和资金，科学家们会在这个领域发现更多。

解：因为非谓语动词的逻辑主语是scientists，它是give动作的承受者，因此应用过去分词。

5.When the bell sounded, the boys rushed out of the classroom, each ____ a number of new books under his arm.. C

A. having carried

B.carries

C. carrying

D.to carry

分析

选C

译文：铃响了，一群男孩子们冲出了教室，每个人的胳臂下都夹着一些新书。

解：分词独立结构表示陪衬动作，作伴随状语。由于carry和rush两个动作同时发生，故用一般时态。

6. There was so much noise, the speaker could not make himself ____ . C

A. hearing

B. to hear

C. heard

D. being heard

分析

选C

译文：噪音是如此之大以至于根本听不清演讲者在说什么。

解：感官动词和祈使动词不但可以跟不带to的不定式作宾补，还可以跟分词作宾补。不同的是，用不带to的不定式作宾补表示补语的动作已完成；用现在分词作宾补表示补语的动作正在进行；用过去分词作宾补表示补语的动作是被动的。在本句中，祈使动词make用过去分词heard作宾补，表示被动的概念（“被听见”）。

7. I've got a loaf of bread; now I'm looking for a knife ____ it with. B

A. cut

B. to cut C cutting D. being cut

分析

选B

译文：我有一条面包，我现在正在找一把刀来切它。

解：动词不定式短语to cut作状语，表示目的。

8. They consider it possible ____ the plan ahead of time. D

A. fulfill

B. fulfilled

C. fulfilling

D. to fulfill

分析

选D

译文：他们认为提前完成这个计划是有可能的。

解：consider, find, think, feel, make等动词常以不定式或动名词作宾语，若含有宾补（常为形容词或名词），可用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语置于宾补之后。在本句中，to fulfill the plan ahead of time为其真正的宾语。用不定式作宾语一种将来的含义，故选D。

9. While ____ the conference here, she came across an old friend at a restaurant. A

A. attending

B. attends

C. to attend

D. being attended

分析

选A

译文：在这儿开会的时候，她在一家餐馆里碰见了一位老朋友。

解：不定式作状语表示目的，结果；分词作状语可表示时间，原因，伴随状况，让步，条件，方式等。

在本句中，主句动作在分句动作进行过程中发生，分词用一般时，前面常有while, when等时间连词。

10.Many of the world's great novels are reported ____ films last year. D

A.to be made into

B. being made into

C.to have made into

D.to have been made into

分析

选D

译文：据报道，去年很多世界着名的小说都被拍成了电影。

解：不定式的逻辑主语novels是不定式动作的对象，故不定式要用被动语态；又因不定式的动作先于主句谓语are reported的动作，故用完成时。

11.The house was very quiet, ____ as it was on the side of a mountain. A

A.isolated

B. isolating

C.being isolated

D.having being isolated

分析

选A

译文：这所房子由于孤零零地位于山边，所以非常安静。

解：分词作原因状语，其逻辑主语为house，因而用过去分词表示被动。分析上下文，可知过去分词短语在这儿只表示一种事实或状态，所以不必用进行时或完成时。

12.All things ____, the planned trip will have to be called off. C

A.considering

B. be considered

C.considered

D.having considered

分析

选C

译文：考虑到方方面面，计划好的这次旅行只好取消了。

解：分词独立句作状语。在状语中，逻辑主语all things为受事者，因而用过去分词表示被动。分词的动作和主句的动作没有先后关系，所以不需要用完成时态。

13.As early as 1674, Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town ____ 50 households or more. B

A. to have

B. having

C. to have had

D. having had

分析

选B

译文：早在1647年俄亥俄州就做出决定：在每个有50户以上居民的城镇中必须设立免费的，由税收支持的学校。

解：本题主要考查现在分词与不定式作定语的区别。现在分词作定语表示事实，正在进行；不定式作定语表示目的，忠告，将要做之事。这里讲述的是一种事实，故不能用不定式，也不必用分词完成时。

14.After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys ____ to go to school. C

A.to be encouraged

B. been encouraged

C.being encouraged

D.be encouraged

分析

选C

译文：译文：阿拉伯国家独立以后，特别重视发展教育，不但鼓励男孩子上学，也鼓励女孩子上学。解：with引导的独立主格结构。with可与介词短语，不定式，分词短语，形容词等构成独立结构作状语。不定式作独立结构与分词作独立结构的不同在于，不定式表示目的或将来的动作，分词表示状况或事实。根据上下文，可知C）比A）更恰当。

15.The speech ____, a lively discussion started. D

A. being delivered

B. was delivered

C.be delivered

D.having been delivered

分析

选D

译文：讲话结束之后，开始了生动活泼的讨论。

解：独立主格结构题。由于deliver的逻辑主语不是discussion而是speech，且为“动宾关系”，故需要用被动语态；又由于deliver的动作发生在主语动作started之前，故需要用完成时。

湖北学位英语复习资料语法重点：倒装2013-01-04 10:26 来源:31省市学位英语网

[大中小]

倒装结构应注意的问题：

1．具有否定意义的词或短语放在句首作状语时，句子为部分倒装。常见的有：little, never, rarely, seldom; not until, in no way, at no time, in no case, by no means, under no circumstances Never before have I seen anyone who has the skill John has when he repairs engines.

No until many years later did the whole truth become known.

BY no means can you allow this to continue.

2．句型“no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely/barely…”表示“一…就…”，主句中常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时；若把no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely放在句首，使用倒装语序No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

Scarcely had they got on the train when it began to move.

3．当only 引导的状语（即only+副词/介词短语/状语从句）放在句首时主句用部分倒装Only in the afternoon can you see him.

Only recently did I know this matter.

Only when I visited him did I realize how ill he was.

4．省去了if的虚拟条件状语从句为部分倒装。但是这种倒装只适用于从句有should, were to 或助动词had 的情况资料来源：31省市学位英语网

Should we want to accelerate the motion, we should have apply some force.

Had I been here yesterday, I would have seen him.

Were this to happen, it would cause a great deal of damage.

5．当连词结构so…that和such…that中的so和such位于句首时，句子为部分倒装So young was he that you must excuse him.

Such was the earthquake that the city was destroyed.

6．由并列连词not only …but also/neither…nor 连接的状语或分句中，如果放在句首，引起部分倒装Neither at this meeting nor at the previous one did they discuss the proposal.

7．以here, there, now, then, thus, hence等词开头的句子中，若主语是名词而且谓语为be, stand, lie(位于)，come, go, fall的，句子用全倒装资料来源：31省市学位英语网

There lies a table in the middle of the room.

Thus ended his life.

8．方位副词in, out, off, down, up, away等位于句首，若主语是名词而且谓语为go, come, rush, fly等表示位置移动的动词时，用全倒装

Out rushed the students from the classroom.

Down jumped the thief from the house.

湖北学位英语复习资料语法重点：从句2013-01-04 10:25 来源:31省市学位英语网

[大中小]

名词性从句应当注意的问题：

1．主语从句

1）单个名词性分句充当主语时，全句谓语用单数形式；但是当两个由and连接的名词性从句作主语

并表示两件事情时，谓语动词用复数

Whether she comes or not doesn’t concern me.

What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remains a mystery to us.

2）若主语从句中逻辑意义完整并且基本句子成分齐备，则须在句首使用连接词that，该词无意义；若缺差主/宾/表等名词性成分，则根据需要选择what/which/who/whom等

That they were wrong in these matters is now clear to us all.

What crime he has done is quite clear.

3）从句作主语时为保持句子平衡，可用it作形式主语，而将从句置于句末，其中that可省略It isn’t surprising (that) he should have married her.

2．宾语从句

1）宾语从句后跟有补语，常用it作形式宾语，而将从句放在补语之后，其中it无意义She has made it clear that she will have nothing to do with him.

I heard it said that the meeting would be postponed.

2）that-从句一般不可以直接用作介词宾语，但是可以用在in, except, save, besides和but之后，多已形成固定用法。in that(因为)，except that (除了…)，but that(要不是…), save that(除了…)，besides that(除了…)

I like the city in that I have many friends there.

He is a good student except that he is occasionally careless.

He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time.

3）当主句谓语为assume, believe, expect, guess, imagine, suppose, think等表示“认为”，“猜想”动词时，其后的宾语从句若带有否定意义，通常应将否定词前移至主句谓语上

I don’t think that you two met before.

I don’t suppose that anyone will object to the plan.

3．表语从句

主语是reason 的表语从句须用that引导，不要误用because引导

The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.

The reason why I didn’t go to Canada was that I got a new job.

4．同位语从句

同位语从句具体说明被其修饰限制的名词的实际内容。常见的可接同位语从句的名词有：announcement, belief, conclusion, discovery, doubt, evidence, fact, guarantee, hope, idea, knowledge, news, order, proposal, question, rumor(流言), statement, story, suggestion, thought(想法), understanding (理解)。其引导词常用that，根据逻辑意义也可选用whether, what, who, how, why, where。但决不能使用which。

Her suggestion that we send some people to help them is adoptable.

Next comes the question what you want it for.

I have no idea where she came from.

形容词性从句/定语从句应当注意的问题：

1．以下情况只能用关系代词that引导，不能使用which；

1）当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时

They are talking about the people and countries that they have visited.

The passengers and parcels that filled the car were mixed.

2）当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few, a few等不是定代词时Everything that he said seemed quite reasonable.

Much that I learned in the book is very useful.

3）当先行词被形容词最高级，序数词（包括the last）和no, every, some, any ,only, much等限定词修饰时

This is the most interesting film that has been produced in recent years.

This the only thing that we can do now.

The last student that stood up was Joe.

2．以下情况只能用关系代词which, 不能使用that：

1）在非限定性定语从句中，引导词只能用which和who/whom, where, when等；而且引导词在从句中作宾语时不能省略。资料来源：31省市学位英语网

Steel, which has many useful properties, is widely used in the machine-building industry.

The shed in our garden, which my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time.

2）和介词连用构成复合引导词时

There are scientific ways in which many solves problems.

Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.

3．Whose 表示所有关系，即可指人的也可指物理学

She lives in the house whose door and windows are broken.

How many students are there in your class whose parents serve in the government agencies?

4．关系代词that/which和关系副词when/where/why的选择：

若引导词在从句中担任状语，选用when/where/why；若作主/宾/表语则用that/which

This is the place which I’ve long wanted to visit. ——I know of a place where we can swim.

This is the reason why I am not in favor of his plan. ——I can’t accept the reason that he gave.

The sports meet will be held next month when the climate is very congenial.

This is a great day that I will never forget.

5．as 引导定语从句

既可指人也可指物，通常与the same, such, so等连用；还可引导非限定性定语从句，指代整个主句意思或部分内容，位置灵活

They need such materials as can bear high temperature and pressure.

Mass is not the same thing as weight is.

As you can see, we’ve got a problem with the engine.

She was absent, as is often the case.

副词性从句/状语从句应当注意的问题：

1．关联词的多义性资料来源：31省市学位英语网

状语从句中某些引导词具有多义性，可以引导不同状语从句。如：as, since, while, when

1）As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of No.13 (时间)

As he was not well, I decided to go without him. (原因)

Much as I admire Shakespeare’s comedies, I can’t agree that they are superior to his tragedies. (让步)

I got up late in the morning so I had to run to the school as quickly as I could.(比较)

2）He has been serving for this company since he graduated from the university. (时间) Since the weather is so bad outside, why don’t you stay at home?(原因)

3）I saw him while he was going out of the room. (时间)

While I like the color of the hat, I don’t like its shape. (让步)

While there is life, there is hope. (条件)

He knew how to answer the question, while I couldn’t. (转折)

4）When he arrived, I was cooking lunch. (当……时)

I was about to go out this morning when the telephone rang. (正在这时)

2．句型“no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely/barely…when”

表示“一…就…”，主句中常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时；若把no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely放在句首，使用倒装语序

No Sooner had he heard the news than he fainted.

Scarcely had he entered the room when the telephone rang.

3．某些表示时间的副词和名词性词组如directly, immediately, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the day/year, next time …也可以引导时间状语从句。

I got into touch with him immediately I received his letter.

The instant the result came out, she told us.

The second time we met, he answered me a lot of questions.

4．在时间/地点/条件/方式/让步等状语从句中，如果从句谓语动词为be，而且从句主语和全句主语一致，或者主语是it，则从句主语或it和谓语动词be可省略

When ( I was) a boy, I looked at such things differently.

Though (she was) angry, she hurriedly left the room.

This viewpoint, however (it is) understandable, is wrong.

If (it is) necessary I’ll have the composition rewr itten.

5．复合连词引起的原因状语从句，常用词有：in that, now that, seeing that, considering that, not that…but that等资料来源：31省市学位英语网

Now that she is absent, we’ll have to do the work by ourselves.

See that it’s raining hard, we’ll have to stay here for the night.

6．在介词词组by reason, for fear, for the reason, on the ground后可直跟that从句表示原因He was excused on the ground that he was young.

7．only if和if only

only if(只要…)引导陈述语气的真实条件句：if only(但愿…；要是…就好了)大都引导虚拟条件句Only if you study hard will you pass the test.

If only we had arrived in time, we would not have missed the train.

8．由as和though引导的让步状语从句

为强调让步的意义，通常把从句中的表语，状语或补语放在句首形成倒装

Rich as/though he is, I don’t envy him.

Teacher as/ though Mary is, she is not capable of teaching all subjects.

完形填空

1......资料来源：31省市学位英语网

People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution, from the last time they had a 1problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without 2, they try to find a solution by trial or error. 3, when all of these methods4, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six 5in analyzing a problem.

6the person must recognize that these is a problem. For example, Sam's bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must 7that there is a problem with the bicycle.

Next, the person must find the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must 8the parts that are wrong.

Now the person must look for 9that will make the problem clearer and lead to 10 solutions. For example, suppose Sam decides that his bicycle does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes.11, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, talk to his friends at the bike

shop, or look at his brakes carefully.

After 12the problem, the person should have 13suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an example 14 , his suggestions might be: tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change old ones.

In the end, one15seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the 16 idea comes quite 17because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a different way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum (口香糖) stuck to a brake. He18hits on the solution to his problem: he must 19the brake.

Finally the solution is 20 . Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly. In short he has solved the problem.资料来源：31省市学位英语网

1．A．serious B．usual C．similar D．common 2．A．Besides B．Instead C．Otherwise D．However 4．A．fail B．work C．change D．develop 5．A．ways B．conditions C．stages D．orders 6．A．First B．Usually C．In general D．Most importantly 7．A．explain B．prove C．show D．see 8．A．checkable B．determine C．correct D．recover 9．A．answers B．skills C．explanation D．information 10．A．possible B．exact C．real D．special 11．A．In other words B．Once in a while C．First of all D．At this time

12．A．discussing B．settling down C．comparing with D．studying

13．A．extra B．enough C．several D．countless 14．A．secondly B．again C．also D．alone 15．A．suggestion B．conclusion C．decision D．discovery 16．A．next B．clear C．final D．new 17．A．unexpectedly B．late C．clearly D．often 18．A．fortunately B．easily C．clearly D．immediately 19．A．clean B．separate C．loosen D．remove 20．A．recorded B．completed C．tested D．accepted

资料来源：31省市学位英语网

参考答案及解析

1—5 CBDAC 6—10 ADBDA 11—15 DDCBA 16—20 CADAC

1．C。从相似的问题上找解决新问题的办法。

2．B。without thinking意为不假思索，可根据by trial error判断。

3．D。表转折。资料来源：31省市学位英语网

4．A。只有所有的方法失败了，才会开始analyze(分析问题)。

5．C。根据下文可知，人们的分析可分6个阶段或步骤。

6．A。可根据下文的next，after，in the end．阶段或步骤。．

7．D。see此处有understand之意，Sam明白自行车有问题了。

8．B。第二步要找出问题所在，所以选determine，它是测定、找出的意思，与find out意思相同。9．D。根据下文Sam所做的事情可知，要了解问题的有关情况才能修理，所以选information。10．A。自己去解决问题，首先得到尝试、摸索，才能真正完成，所以possible合适，强调只是可能有效的方法。

11．D。此时，这里不存在先后、转折、并列等含义，只需说明在这个阶段，Sam该做的事情。12．D。刚才那个阶段,Sam所做的事情是一些调查研究寻找方法的工作，study有研究之意。13．C。A项额外的，B项足够，D项不计其数的。这里需要的是几个不太确定的、可能的解决方法，所以C最合适。’

14．B。再次以Sam为例。资料来源：31省市学位英语网

15．A。从上文中的several suggestions可知。

16．C。从下文的事例中发现答案。

17．A。由于发现了新的情况或用了不同方法去思考，会出现意想不到的结果。

18．D。看见口香糖、他当即发现问题所在。

19．A。有口香糖，清洗工作是必然的。

20．C。方法被尝试。

[双向细目表] 词法重点词汇：take … for example.

2.。。。。。。。。。

It was already late when we set out for the next town, 1 according to the map was about fifteen miles away on the other side of the 2 .

There we felt 3 that we would find a bed 4 the night. Darkness fell soon after we left the village, but luckily we met 5 as we drove fast along the narrow winding road that 6 the hills. As we climbed 7 , it became colder and rain began to fall, 8 it difficult at times to see the roaD．I asked John, my companion, to drive more 9 .

After we had traveled for about twenty miles, there was still no sign of the town which was 10 on the map. We were beginning to get 11 . Then without warning the car stoppeD．A quick 12 showed that we had run out of petrol（汽油）. Although we had little food with us, we decided to 13 the night in the car.

Our meal was soon over. I tried to go to sleep at once, 14 John, who was a 15 sleeper, got out of the car after a few minutes and went for a walk 16 the hills. Soon he came back. From the top of the hill he had seen, in the valley below, the 17 of the town we were looking for. We at once unloaded（卸）all our luggage（行李）and with a great effort（努力）, 18 to push the car to the top of the hill. Then we went back to the luggage, loaded the car again and set off down the hill. 19 less than a quarter of an hour we were in the town, where we found a 20 quite easily.

1．A．which B．it C．where D．that

2．A．rivers B．hills C．towns D．villages 3．A．surprised B．afraid C．pleased D．sure

4．A．at B．in C．through D．for

5．A．everybody B．somebody C．nobody D．anybody

6．A．got to B．arrived C．led to D．belonged to

7．A．taller B．higher C．lower D．faster

8．A．getting B．thinking C．causing D．making

9．A．certainly B．carefully C．slowly D．surely

10．A．marked B．set C．built D．drawn

11．A．excited B．worried C．cold D．warm

大学英语(A)考试大纲

大学英语（A）考试大纲 (2010年修订版) 试点高校网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试，旨在遵循网络教育应用型人才的培养目标，针对从业人员继续教育的特点，重在检验学生掌握英语基础知识的水平及应用能力，全面提高现代远程高等学历教育的教学质量。“大学英语”课程是现代远程教育试点高校网络教育实行全国统一考试的部分公共基础课之一。该课程的考试是一种基础水平检测性考试，考试合格者应达到与成人高等教育本科相应的大学英语课程要求的水平。 考试对象 教育部批准的现代远程教育试点高校网络教育学院和中央广播电视大学“人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点”项目中自2004年3月1日（含3月1日）以后入学的本科层次学历教育的学生，应参加网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试。 “大学英语（A）”考试大纲适用于英语类专业的高中起点与专科起点本科学生。 考试目标 本考试旨在全面检查现代远程教育英语专业学生综合运用英语听、说、读、写、译各项基本技能的能力。考生应扎实地掌握基本的语法知识和词汇，具备运用不同的阅读和听力技巧获取信息的能力以及用英语进行口头和笔头交际的能力。 听说能力考核暂不列入全国统考范围之内，由各学校自行组织。相关要求参见本大纲。 考试内容与要求 【语法】考生应扎实地掌握基本的英语语法知识，并能在交际中正确地加以运用。

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