电子银行研究互联网金融外文文献翻译

文献出处：Safeena R. The study on the development of electronic banking business [J]. International Journal of Information, 2015, 12(2): 55-65.

原文

The study on the development of electronic banking business

Safeena R

Abstract

This article mainly from the electronic banking business development present situation and problems, this paper carefully analyses the electronic banking operational risk, reputation risk and legal risk, so as to find out the healthy development of the electronic banking technology security measures should be taken, the external resource management, professional and technical training and the establishment of the emergency measures, etc., To vigorously promote the development of electronic banking business.

Keywords: Electronic banking; Business development; strategy

1 Introduction

Refers to the banking financial institutions to use electronic banking facing the social public open communication channel, or open the public network, as well as the bank for particular self-service facilities or customers to establish dedicated network, provide banking services to customers. Way to the new service for the customer, make customer not limited by geographical and time and space, (Anytime), at any time, Anywhere (Anywhere), in any way (Anyhow) to provide services, namely say usually 3A service. Banks through electronic channels to provide customers with related products and services include: commercial POS terminals, ATM teller machines, telephone banking, personal computer, Internet, mobile phone, etc. Electronic banking business belongs to a whole new way of banking services, is the combination of information technology and the existing banking product innovation, and added to the promotion of counter service. Electronic banking business from scratch, since the childhood, in recent years has entered a fast track of development, with online banking, telephone banking, mobile banking, self-service banking, online securities, such as online insurance new service way, for the majority of users has brought

convenient service experience.

2 The existing problems in the development of electronic banking business

2.1 Electronic trading ideas are fairly weak

Although the bank has now had the very big development, but there are quite a few people remain skeptical about whether electronic trading actually, the idea of people also can't keep up with the development of network technology and quality. Electronic trading requires not only the popularity of network terminal equipment, also need to participants for mastering and using of e-commerce and network technology, and the several aspects are also quite weak.

2.2 Lack of national unity, authority CA authentication center

At present, the bank on the net is directly or indirectly, the CA founded on their own. From the perspective of the specification, only to the construction of unified national public certification center, can play the role of neutral, authoritative certification center. The people's bank has sent in April 1999, the tender, start building unified CA authentication center, but progress has been slow. When this kind of situation hindered the pace of construction of commercial bank for online banking, commercial Banks or pedestrian area of the branch will be redesigned. If Banks or regions are building their own CA authentication center, construction before they are unified, there will be a cross certification, if coupled with cross with foreign Banks. Certification, will greatly hinder the bank on the net service efficiency and accuracy, and can also lead to repeated construction and waste of resources.

2.3 Credit mechanism is not sound, the market environment is imperfect

Despite the current market economy has had the very big development, but the bottom of the credit system development process is relatively low, the current commercial bank electronic payment system is fragmented, patchy credit, enterprises and individual customers cannot share information resources, its overall advantages is not apparent. Associated with electronic payment of customs, taxation, transportation department failed to form a complete set of network with the bank of network level, restrict the development of electronic banking business.

2.4 Security

Customer identification and guarantee data confidentiality and integrity, is the fundamental guarantee of electronic banking development. Due to the openness of the Internet it and the complexity of electronic banking in technology, information security problems become the core problem in the course of the construction of electronic banking. The network bank three hidden trouble in security: one is the most computer hardware equipment mainly rely on imports from;2 it is system encryption program is not enough, easy resulting in the loss of customer funds; Three is a network system is not stable, easy operating problems, etc.

2.5 The laws and regulations is still relatively lagging behind

The rules are in use electronic banking information transmission is the TCP/IP protocol, clear with the customer in a signed a contract on the basis of the rights and obligations relations, problems are resolved through arbitration. Because of the lack of related laws, problem involves responsibility identification, bear, after the execution of arbitration results such as complex legal relationship is difficult to solve now. The new "contract law" although admitted the legal effect of electronic contract, did not solve the problem of the digital signature. These virtually increase the bank and customer trouble of electronic bank financial transactions and risk.

2.6 Poor single financial varieties, system integration

To build an electronic bank, first should basically have the following characteristics: service to all-ionization, risk diversification, information integration, electronic business market, the internationalization of standards and methods. But the single most varieties of banking and finance, the risk is very concentrated; Poor internal business systems integration, data is not uniform, it is difficult to link up the relevant unit organically, and the electronic banking and electronic commerce management and service system also can't keep up with, can't meet the needs of customers. Social economy and the rapid development of science and technology, the overall management of commercial Banks had a profound effect, since entering the foreign Banks gradually into the financial markets, the increasingly fierce competition of banking, electronic banking become an important competitive weapon. Commercial Banks in order to continue to survival and development under the new

situation, put forward the fundamental requirement to the development of electronic banking, not only effectively pushing it forward quickly, and determines the final development direction.

Economic globalization, social information, changed people's thinking and ideas of a new life pattern are emerging. Faster and faster pace of life, more and more active economic activities, make people more and more pursuit of all-weather, anywhere, in any way can enjoy convenient service to the bank. In order to meet this need, commercial Banks must speed up the use of information technology, to launch all kinds of electronic banking self-service products, fully replace traditional counter business, realize electronic banking service mode 3A to permeate the full range of social and economic life, so as to occupy the market, stable customer. In the long run, the income structure of commercial Banks will change, the savings and loan will be more and smaller, poor by loan is poor profit space also more and more narrow, non interest income share will increase steadily. In response to this change, commercial Banks must take electronic banking platform construction into and securities, insurance, funds and other financial enterprises cooperation platform, key development has broad market prospects of electronic banking business innovation, including securities, investment, consulting, intermediary business, how kind of modern business, expanding profit channel and source of income, improve comprehensive selling long-term profitability.

3 The operation risk of electronic banking business

With the rapid development of information in the bank, electronic banking potential risk is increasingly revealed. Because of the electronic banking business is different with the traditional banking business has many characteristics, such as networking, virtualization, self-support, categories of the risk, risk control methods and means there are a lot of particularity, realize electronic banking risk, effective risk prevention, to avoid risk of banking industry and ensure steady and healthy development of the electronic bank has great significance to the maintenance aspects and so on bank credit. Electronic banking business risk the variety, content and form is differ, but generally can be divided into operation risk, reputation risk and legal risk,

etc.

3.1 Operating risk

Operational risk refers to the incomplete due to internal procedure or failure and problems about system, system or manual operation, or the risk of external factors. Concrete and including security risk, system design, operation and maintenance of the risk. Security risk. Due to the increase of the electronic computer function route entry points in the geographic dispersion, and include the Internet public networks such as the use of various communication systems, to enter the bank's core accounting control system and risk management systems are becoming increasingly complicated, a variety of specific access and authentication problems could happen, make the electronic banking system of external attack. Banks will also be due to the negligence of employee fraud and negligence at risk. The system design, operation and maintenance. Banks face the choice of system design is not perfect or run the risk of not smooth. Such as electronic banking system may not be the match the needs of customers, business development sluggish; External service providers may not have the necessary professional technology or not update in time or because of their own enterprise fails to fulfill the obligation of technical services; Application system paralysis is not back to normal in time, etc. Due to the development of information technology with each passing day, Banks face the risk of system to be eliminated, and so on.

3.2 Reputation risk

Reputation risk is caused by negative public opinion on bank risk, the bank's ability to establish and maintain customer relationship severely damaged, leading to the significant loss of financing or customer base. For example, online banking products and services produced negative public opinion, or process so that seriously affects the Banks' earnings or damage to the bank's capital, reputation risk when they generate. It will affect the Banks to build new client relationships, so that the agency faces lawsuits, financial losses or reputation losses.

3.3 The legal risks

Legal risk is due to the violation of laws, regulations, rules or trading habits or

professional moral and ethical standards, or inconsistent with, or the rights and obligations of the parties fail to allocate, or through electronic media to conclude the agreement for the risks caused by uncertainty, and so on and so forth. Due to lack of electronic banking development can be based on standards, and electronic banking business in trading rules, the validity of contracts, the trade both parties responsibilities and consumers' rights and interests protection, compared with the traditional bank more complex and more difficult to define, the existence of the corresponding laws and regulations blank, it is easy to produce fringes of phenomenon, and once a dispute is difficult to solve.

译文

电子银行业务发展研究

Safeena R

摘要

本文主要从电子银行业务发展的现状及其存在的问题入手, 认真分析了电子银行存在的操作风险、声誉风险和法律风险,从而找出电子银行健康发展应采取的技术安全措施、外部资源的管理、专业技术的培训和应急措施的建立等, 以大力促进电子银行业务发展。

关键词: 电子银行；业务发展；策略

1 引言

电子银行业务是指银行业金融机构利用面向社会公众开放的通信通道或开放性公众网络, 以及银行为特定自助服务设施或客户建立的专用网络, 向客户提供银行服务。这种全新的为客户服务的方式, 可以使客户不受地理和时空的限制, 在任何时间( Anytime) , 任何地点( Anywhere) , 任何方式( Anyhow) 提供服务,即平常所说的3A服务。银行通过电子化渠道向客户提供银行和相关产品和服务包括: 商业POS 机终端、ATM自动柜员机、电话银行、个人计算机、网络、手机等。电子银行业务属于一种全新的银行服务方式, 是信息技术和现有银行业务相结合的创新产物, 是对柜台服务的提升和补充。电子银行业务从无到有, 从小到大, 近年来进入了发展的快车道, 以网上银行, 电话银行, 手机银行, 自助银行, 网上证券, 网上保险等为代表的新型服务方式, 为广大用户带来了方便快捷的服

务体验。

2 电子银行业务发展存在的问题

2.1电子交易的观念还相当淡薄

虽然电子银行现在已经有了很大的发展, 但有相当一部分人对电子交易是否货真价实仍心存疑虑, 人们的观念及素质还跟不上网络技术的发展。电子交易不仅需要网络终端设备的普及, 还需要参与者对电子商务及网络技术的熟练掌握和运用, 而这几方面都还相当薄弱。

2.2缺乏统一、权威的CA 认证中心

目前, 网上银行都是直接或间接地靠自己建立的CA。从规范的角度讲, 只有国家出面建设统一公用的认证中心, 才能起到认证中心中立、权威的作用。CA 认证中心进展缓慢。当这种情况阻碍了商业银行进行网上银行建设的步伐时, 各商业银行或人行的地区分行便会另起炉灶。如果各银行或地区都建设自己的CA 认证中心, 一来先建设后统一, 会出现交叉认证的问题, 若再加上与其他国家的银行的交叉认证, 会大大阻碍网上银行的服务效率及准确性, 二来也会导致重复建设和资源浪费。

2.3信用机制不健全, 市场环境不完善

尽管现在的市场经济已经有了很大的发展, 但信用体系的发育程底还比较低, 目前商业银行电子支付系统各自为政, 企业及个人客户资信零散不全, 有关信息资源不能共享, 其整体优势没有显现出来。海关、税务、交通等与电子支付相关部门的网络化水平未能与银行网络化配套,制约了电子银行业务的发展。2.4安全防范

确认客户身份和保证数据的保密性和完整性,是电子银行发展的根本保障。由于互联网本身的开放性和电子银行在技术上的复杂性, 信息安全问题成为电子银行建设过程中的核心问题。网络银行在安全性方面存在三个隐患: 一是大部分计算机硬件设备主要依靠从进口; 二是系统加密程序不够, 容易造成客户资金流失; 三是网络系统不稳定, 容易出现操作问题等。

2.5法律法规仍相对滞后

目前电子银行信息传输采用的规则都是TCP/IP 协议, 与客户在言明权利义务关系的基础上签订合同, （完整译文请到百度文库）出现问题则通过仲裁解

P2P 金融下的中小企业融资互联网金融外文文献翻译最新译文

文献出处: Waitz M. The small and medium-sized enterprise financing under P2P finance [J]. Journal of Business Research, 2016, 8(6): 81-91. 原文 The small and medium-sized enterprise financing under P2P finance Waitz M Abstract Small and medium-sized enterprise financing difficult is worldwide difficult problem. Article introduces the concept of the Internet financial, mainly summarized the P2P financial in the development of financial innovation and integration of science and technology, a combination of academic research on P2P financial now of the five directions of various views and opinions. Points out the current P2P financial problems in the development of risk control, and analyses the trend of the Internet financial. Keywords: P2P financial; Financial innovation; Risk control 1 Introduction Look from the history of enterprise development, a large enterprise originate from small and medium-sized enterprises. Small and medium-sized enterprises (smes) is the most dynamic part of the national economy, often walk in the forefront of technology development, in the high-tech industry, clean energy, green economy, etc, have good performance, play an important role in the economic transformation. Small and medium-sized enterprise financing difficult is worldwide difficult problem. These small and medium-sized enterprise financing environment and narrow channels, more than 60% are unable to get a bank loan. At present, science and technology enterprises and the characteristics of light assets, financing difficulties, become a huge bottleneck of sustainable development. 2 The concept of the Internet financial In the past two years, the Internet financial show explosive growth, since 2014, the Internet financial sector performance strength. Current economic field exists the phenomenon of two special contradiction, one is the small and medium-sized

人力资源管理外文文献翻译

文献信息： 文献标题：Challenges and opportunities affecting the future of human resource management（影响人力资源管理未来的挑战和机遇） 国外作者：Dianna L. Stone，Diana L. Deadrick 文献出处：《Human Resource Management Review》, 2015, 25(2):139-145 字数统计：英文3725单词，21193字符；中文6933汉字 外文文献： Challenges and opportunities affecting the future of human resource management Abstract Today, the field of Human Resource Management (HR) is experiencing numerous pressures for change. Shifts in the economy, globalization, domestic diversity, and technology have created new demands for organizations, and propelled the field in some completely new directions. However, we believe that these challenges also create numerous opportunities for HR and organizations as a whole. Thus, the primary purposes of this article are to examine some of the challenges and opportunities that should influence the future of HR. We also consider implications for future research and practice in the field. Keywords: Future of human resource management, Globalization, Knowledge economy Diversity, Technology 1.Change from a manufacturing to a service or knowledge economy One of the major challenges influencing the future of HR processes is the change from a manufacturing to a service or knowledgebased economy. This new economy is characterized by a decline in manufacturing and a growth in service or knowledge as the core of the economic base. A service economy can be defined as a system based on buying and selling of services or providing something for others (Oxford

会计经济金融外文翻译外文文献英文文献发达国家和发展中国家的ERP实施问题

ERP implementation issues in advanced and developing countries Abstract There is an increasing need to implement a total business solution which supports major functionalities of a business. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software is designed to meet this need, and has been widely adopted by organizations in developed countries. Meanwhile, ERP is beginning to appear in many organizations of developing countries. Little research has been conducted to compare the implementation practices of ERP in developed vs developing countries. Our research shows that ERP technology faces additional challenges in developing countries related to economic, cultural, and basic infrastructure issues. This article identifies a range of issues concerning ERP implementation by making a comparison of advanced and developing countries. Key words: Enterprise Resource management; Implementation; Developing countries. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is an industry term for the broad set of activities supported by multi-module application software that helps a manufacturer or a service business manage the important parts of its business. Evolving from MRP systems, ERP has played a significant role in IT for several decades. Since the first symbiotic ERP product SAP created in 1972, ERP market revenues are expected to be as high as $52 billion by the year 2002. While there is wide acceptance of ERP in developed countries such as the USA, Canada, the UK, and Australia, developing countries lag far behind. At present, North America occupies 66 percent of the ERP market, Europe takes 22 percent, while the whole of Asia is only at 9 percent. However, due to economic growth, developing countries in Asia and Latin America are becoming major targets of big ERP vendors. ERP in developed countries ERP systems have been widely used by companies in developed countries. Organizations in manufacturing, service, and energy industries adopt ERP to:

互联网金融发展文献综述及外文文献资料P2P金融

本份文档包含：关于该选题的外文文献、文献综述 一、外文文献 标题: Online brokers lead the way for French internet finance 作者: Caffard, Christophe 期刊名称: International Financial Law Review 卷: 20；期: 3；页: 20-24 Online brokers lead the way for French internet finance 1 Regulated brokers Regulated brokers are legal entities which have an investment services licence and are subject to the prudential regulations of the Comite de Reglementation Bancaire et Financiere (CRBF) and the Conseil des Marches Financiers (CMF). * Choice of legal form: regulated brokers are not required to be incorporated in a specific legal form; however, under article 13 of the MAF Law, the CECEI checks whether the legal form of the brokerage company is appropriate for providing investment services. In practice, any type of commercial company is admitted: societes de capitaux (limited companies) or societes de personnes (partnerships). The formalities of share transfer, tax and the scope of liability of a company's management will be relevant factors to the choice of legal form. * Application for an investment services licence from the CECEI: the most important part of the application is the description of the investment services, and a business plan including prospective financial statements for the following three years. The CMF will check whether the business plan is consistent with the investment services licence requested by the broker. The CECEI will ensure that the applicant's own initial funds are consistent with the business plan. The scope of the investment services licence is variable and covers one or more ofthe following investment services: Reception and transmission of orders to another investment services provider on behalf of investors, for execution. This is the core investment service provided by the

互联网金融外文翻译银行业是必要的而银行不是,互联网时代的金融中介的未来

译文 银行业是必要的而银行不是，互联网时代的金融中介机构的未来 摘要 本文探讨了互联网时代下金融机构和银行作为特殊的金融机构的未来可能是怎样的问题。由于互联网而导致的交易费用的减少会降低进入金融产品市场的壁垒，因为有可能不再需要运行成本密集型的分支的大型系统。但是，对金融机构的职能研究表明，不是每个人都可以销售和经销金融产品。这是真的，因为金融业务中的信息不对称问题需要一个拥有良好信誉的中介，也因为需要限制大型资本基金转换资产的风险。这两个要求变现了进入金融中介市场的重要壁垒。并不是每一个金融产品会因为互联网的崛起而将面临更多的竞争，只有那些标准化和低风险的产品。此外，那些拥有可观资本和良好声誉的大公司可能被视为银行的新竞争者。 关键字：银行业，银行，金融机构，互联网 1、引言 “银行业是19世纪的钢铁行业。”当谈到关于新的信息技术对银行的影响的谈论时，这句话经常被提起。更一般来说，可能有人会问，新信息技术是如何成功的，特别是互联网的，可能会改变商业和金融机构的市场情况。在互联网的帮助下，人们可以执行所有银行的业务，而不需要银行。这意味着传统银行分支机构的中介。此外，互联网已经使客户直接从网上购买股票而不需要访问当地的分支银行。从更广泛的意义上来说，在互联网的帮助下，金融市场的供给和需求可能通过互联网满足，而不需要金融中介机构。互联网的崛起是否真的是金融中介机构的威胁？在急剧减少的交易成本情况下，商业和竞争将如何变化？本文考察了互联网的成功对金融机构和银行的影响。 2、金融机构的发展 几个世纪以来，许多金融交易需要个人的存在。随着现代信息技术的发展，这些都被改变了。如今，客户可以在不进入当地分支银行的情况下进行任何金融交易。转移支付和支付账单可以通过网络进行，个人金融交易以及关于金融问题的信息咨询业可以通过网络进行。此外，互联网创新类似智能卡或者其他电子支付系统消除了为了得到一些现金而访问分支银行的需要。 但是互联网也会改变咨询活动：在许多情况下，它甚至可能减少个人存在的

客户关系管理外文文献翻译(2017)

XXX学院 毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 学院：计算机与软件工程学院 专业：计算机科学技术(软件工程方向) 姓名： 学号： 外文出处：GoyKakus.THE RESEARCH OFCUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT STRATEGY [J]. International Journal of Management Research & Review, 2017, 1(9): 624-635. 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。 注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。

附件1：外文资料翻译译文 客户关系管理战略研究 Goy Kakus 摘要 客户关系管理解决方案，通过为你提供客户业务数据来帮助你提供客户想要的服务或产品,提供更好的客户服务、交叉销售和更有效的销售,达成交易,保留现有客户并更好地理解你的客户是谁。本文探讨了客户关系管理模型在获得、保持与发展策略方面的优势。然而,我们对其定义和意义还存在一些困惑。本文通过考察关系营销和其他学科方面的相关文献，解释了客户关系管理的概念基础,从而对客户关系管理的知识作出了贡献。 关键词:客户关系管理模型, 客户关系管理的博弈改变者与关键策略 引言 CRM 是客户关系管理的简称。它的特征在于公司与客户的沟通,无论是销售还是服务相关的。客户关系管理这一术语经常用来解释企业客户关系,客户关系管理系统也以同样的方式被用来处理商业联系, 赢得客户,达成合同和赢得销售。 客户关系管理通常被考虑作为一个业务策略，从而使企业能够: *了解客户 *通过更好的客户体验留住客户 *吸引新客户 *赢得新客户和达成合同 *提高盈利 *减少客户管理成本 *通过服务台等工具软件,电子邮件组织者和不同类型的企业应用程序，企业业务经常寻求个性化的在线体验。 设计精良的客户关系管理包括以下特征: 1．客户关系管理是一种以顾客为中心并以客户投入为基础的服务响应，一对一的解决客户的必需品, 买家和卖家服务中心直接在线互动,帮助客户解决他

财务报表外文文献翻译

附件1：外文资料翻译译文 财务报表分析 A.财务比率 我们需要使用财务比率来分析财务报表，比较财务报表的分析方法不能真正有效的得出想要的结果，除非采取的是研究在报表中项目与项目之间关系的形式。例如，只是知道史密斯公司在一个特定的日期中拥有10000美元的现金余额，对我们是没有多大价值的。但是，假如我们知道，这种余额在这种平衡中有4%的流动负债，而一年前的现金余额有25%的流动负债。由于银行家对公司通常要求现金余额保持在银行信用度的20%，不管使用或不使用，如果公司的财务状况出现问题，我们可以立即发现。 我们可以对比比较财务报表中的项目，作出如下结论： 1. 项目之间的资产负债表比较： a）在资产负债表中的一个日期之间的比较，例如项目，现金与流动负债相比； b）同一项目在资产负债表中一个日期与另一个日期之间的比较，例如，现在的现金与一年前比较； c）比较两个项目之间在资产负债表中一个日期和一个相似比率在资产负债表中的另一个日期的比率，例如，现在现金流动负债的比率与另一个项目一年前的相似比率和已经标记的现金状况趋势的比较。 2．项目报表中收入和支出的比较： a）一定时期中的报表项目的比较； b）同一项目在报表中现阶段与上个阶段的比较； c）报表中项目之间的比率与去年相似比率的比较； 3．资产负债表中的项目与报表中收入和支出项目的比较： a）在这些报表项目之间的一个给定的时间内，例如，今年净利润可能以百分比计算今年净值； b）两个报表中项目之间的比率在这几年时间的比较，例如，净利润的比率占今年净值的百分比与去年或者前年的相似比率的比较 如果我们采用上述比较或比率，然后依次比较它们，我们的比较分析结果将获得重要意义：

互联网金融对传统金融业的影响外文文献翻译

互联网金融对传统金融业的影响外文文献翻译(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译) 译文： 互联网金融对传统金融业的影响 摘要 网络的发展，深刻地改变甚至颠覆了许多传统行业，金融业也不例外。近年来，金融业成为继商业分销、传媒之后受互联网影响最为深远的领域，许多基于互联网的金融服务模式应运而生，并对传统金融业产生了深刻的影响和巨大的冲击。“互联网金融”成为社会各界关注的焦点。 互联网金融低成本、高效率、关注用户体验，这些特点使其能够充分满足传统金融“长尾市场”的特殊需求，灵活提供更为便捷、高

效的金融服务和多样化的金融产品，大大拓展了金融服务的广度和深度，缩短了人们在时空上的距离，建立了一种全新的金融生态环境；可以有效整合、利用零散的时间、信息、资金等碎片资源，积少成多，形成规模效益，成为各类金融服务机构新的利润增长点。此外，随着互联网金融的不断渗透和融合，将给传统金融行业带来新的挑战和机遇。互联网金融可以促进传统银行业的转型，弥补传统银行在资金处理效率、信息整合等方面的不足；为证券、保险、基金、理财产品的销售与推广提供新渠道。对于很多中小企业来说，互联网金融拓展了它们的融资渠道，大大降低了融资门槛，提高了资金的使用效率。但是，互联网金融的跨行业性决定了它的风险因素更为复杂、敏感、多变，因此要处理好创新发展与市场监管、行业自律的关系。 关键词：互联网金融；商业银行；影响；监管 1 引言 互联网技术的不断发展，云计算、大数据、社交网络等越来越多的互联网应用为传统行业的业务发展提供了有力支持，互联网对传统行业的渗透程度不断加深。20世纪末，微软总裁比尔盖茨就曾断言，“传统商业银行会成为新世纪的恐龙”。如今，随着互联网电子信息技术的发展，我们真切地感受到了这种趋势，移动支付、电子银行早已在我们的日常生活中占据了重要地位。 由于互联网金融的概念几乎完全来自于商业实践，因此目前的研究多集中在探讨互联网金融的具体模式上，而对传统金融行业的影响力分析和应对措施则缺乏系统性研究。互联网与金融行业一向是风险

工商管理专业外文文献翻译

Project Budget Monitor and Control Author：Yin Guo-li Nationality：American Derivation：Management Science and Engineering.Montreal: Mar 20, 2010 . With the marketing competitiveness growing, it is more and more critical in budget control of each project. This paper discusses that in the construction phase, how can a project manager be successful in budget control. There are many methods discussed in this paper, it reveals that to be successful, the project manager must concern all this methods. 1. INTRODUCTION The survey shows that most projects encounter cost over-runs (Williams Ackermann, Eden, 2002,pl92). According to Wright (1997)'s research, a good rule of thumb is to add a minimum of 50% to the first estimate of the budget (Gardiner and Stewart, 1998, p251). It indicates that project is very complex and full of challenge. Many unexpected issues will lead the project cost over-runs. Therefore, many technologies and methods are developed for successful monitoring and control to lead the project to success. In this article, we will discuss in the construction phase, how can a project manager to be successful budget control. 2. THE CONCEPT AND THE PURPOSE OF PROJECT CONTROL AND MONITOR Erel and Raz (2000) state that the project control cycle consists of measuring the status of the project, comparing to the plan, analysis of the deviations, and implementing any appropriate corrective actions. When a project reach the construction phase, monitor and control is critical to deliver the project success. Project monitoring exists to establish the need to take corrective action, whilst there is still time to take action. Through monitoring the activities, the project team can analyze the deviations and decide what to do and actually do it. The purpose of monitor and control is to support the implementation of corrective actions, ensure projects stay on target or get project back on target once it has gone off target。

金融学专业外文翻译(中英对照、翻译专业修改好了的)

论文题目：关于巴塞尔II：新巴塞尔资本协议的影响 学院名称：财经学院专业班级：金融0814班学生姓名：王庆贺 外文题目：Dealing with Basel II: the impact of the New Basel Capital Accord 出处：Balance Sheet,2003,Vol.11(No.4) 作者：Thomas Garside and Jens Bech 译文： 关于巴塞尔II：新巴塞尔资本协议的影响 托马斯·加赛德和杰尼斯·伯克 摘要：国际监管机构在2003年完成新资本协议，银行决定在2006年底执行这个协议。巴塞尔协议是对全球银行业改革的监管。在本文中，我们回顾新巴塞尔资本协议内容以及一些我们所期望对欧洲银行业发生的重要影响。正如在第一届巴塞尔协议修正案（Basel I）中，我们得出结论，新巴塞尔协议不仅对持有资本额的数量做了规定，还对银行业的战略格局进行展望。 关键词：银行，流动性，监管，风险管理 新巴塞尔资本协议的新规则 巴塞尔委员会虽然只是公布了三分之一，但这很可能是协商的最后新资本协议（Basel II）文件。这项建议如获通过，将会深刻地改变银行的偿付能力的方式，监管机构监管银行风险管理实施过程和银行必须对市场参与者公布的风险信息量，经过讨论会，巴塞尔委员会预计将在2003年底发布的新资本协议的最后草案。 目前的巴塞尔资本协议（Basel I）对达到加强国际金融体系的稳定的既定目标已经有了显著成效，通过在不同国家持续应用本协议的同时，增加了资本水平，创造了一个更公平的竞争领域。总的来说，目前的全球一级资本的平均水平从1993年的约6%升至8%，此外，巴塞尔资本协议已经应用于100多个国家，远远超过最初的预期。 尽管实现其最初目标的成效很明显，很显然，对于巴塞尔我有一些意想不到的不

互联网金融安全中英文对照外文翻译文献

互联网金融安全中英文对照外文翻译文献 中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)

Database Security in a Web Environment Introduction Databases have been common in government departments and commercial enterprises for many years. Today, databases in any organization are increasingly opened up to a multiplicity of suppliers, customers, partners and employees - an idea that would have been unheard of a few years ago. Numerous applications and their associated data are now accessed by a variety of users requiring different levels of access via manifold devices and channels – often simultaneously. For example: ? Online banks allow customers to perform a variety of banking operations - via the Internet and over the telephone – whilst maintaining the privacy of account data. ? E-Commerce merchants and their Service Providers must store customer, order and payment data on their merchant server - and keep it secure. ? HR departments allow employees to update their personal information –whilst protecting certain management information from unauthorized access. ? The medical profession must protect the confidentiality of patient data –whilst allowing essential access for treatment. ? Online brokerages need to be able to provide large numbers of simultaneous users with up-to-date and accurate financial information. This complex landscape leads to many new demands upon system security. The global growth of complex web-based infrastructures is driving a need for security solutions that provide mechanisms to segregate environments; perform integrity checking and maintenance; enable strong authentication and non-repudiation; and provide for confidentiality. In turn, this necessitates comprehensive business and technical risk assessment to identify the threats,

客户关系管理系统外文文献翻译(2017)

XXX 学院 毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 学院：计算机与软件工程学院 专业：计算机科学技术(软件工程方向) 姓名： 学号： 外文出处：Goy Kakus.THE RESEARCH OFCUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT STRATEGY [J]. International Journal of Management Research & Review, 2017, 1(9): 624-635. 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。 注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。

附件1：外文资料翻译译文 客户关系管理战略研究 Goy Kakus 摘要 客户关系管理解决方案，通过为你提供客户业务数据来帮助你提供客户想要的服务或产品,提供更好的客户服务、交叉销售和更有效的销售,达成交易,保留现有客户并更好地理解你的客户是谁。本文探讨了客户关系管理模型在获得、保持与发展策略方面的优势。然而,我们对其定义和意义还存在一些困惑。本文通过考察关系营销和其他学科方面的相关文献，解释了客户关系管理的概念基础,从而对客户关系管理的知识作出了贡献。 关键词:客户关系管理模型, 客户关系管理的博弈改变者与关键策略 引言 CRM 是客户关系管理的简称。它的特征在于公司与客户的沟通,无论是销售还是服务相关的。客户关系管理这一术语经常用来解释企业客户关系,客户关系管理系统也以同样的方式被用来处理商业联系, 赢得客户,达成合同和赢得销售。 客户关系管理通常被考虑作为一个业务策略，从而使企业能够: *了解客户 *通过更好的客户体验留住客户 *吸引新客户 *赢得新客户和达成合同 *提高盈利 *减少客户管理成本 *通过服务台等工具软件,电子邮件组织者和不同类型的企业应用程序，企业业务经常寻求个性化的在线体验。 设计精良的客户关系管理包括以下特征: 1．客户关系管理是一种以顾客为中心并以客户投入为基础的服务响应，一对一的解决客户的必需品, 买家和卖家服务中心直接在线互动,帮助客户解决他

网络经济与金融的应用【外文翻译】

本科毕业论文（设计） 外文翻译 原文： Network Economics with Application to Finance Networks and network externalities play a central role in the New Industrial Organization. Many network industries, such as telecommunications, railroads etc., are central to modern economic life. Further, the essential relationships among the components of the network, i.e., complimentarily and compatibility, are present in many non-network industries, including financial intermediation and the exchange of financial instruments and assets. In this paper, we analyze and review the essential features of networks and show their application to finance. A crucial feature of networks is that they exhibit network externalities, i.e., production or consumption positive size externalities. In a typical network, the addition of a new customer (or network node) increases the willingness to pay for network services by all participants. When a new node is added to a network, new goods are created. Consumers demand these goods that were unavailable before. Thus, consumers are better off after the new node was added. The benefits of the addition of an extra node (or an extra customer) exceed the private benefits accruing to the particular node (or customer). As an example of this, consider a simple star network consisting of a central node S and peripheral nodes A, B, C, etc., as in Figure 1. This can be a telecommunications network if S is a central switch and A, B, C, etc. are the locations of the various customers. Customers demand phone calls ASB, BSA, ASC, etc. These are composite goods, each comprised of two complementary components; for example ASB is comprised of AS and SB. Networks are by their nature self-reinforcing. This is just another way of saying that they exhibit positive size externalities. As a direct consequence of their self-reinforcing nature, networks frequently exhibit positive critical mass. This means

互联网金融外文翻译文献

文献信息： 文献标题：INTERNET FINANCE: DIGITAL CURRENCIES AND ALTERNATIVE FINANCE LIBERATING THE CAPITAL MARKETS（互联网金融：数字货币和替代金融解放资本市场） 国外作者：Kim Wales 文献出处：《Journal of Governance and Regulation》, 2015,4(1):190-201 字数统计：英文2505单词，13427字符；中文4405汉字 外文文献： INTERNET FINANCE: DIGITAL CURRENCIES AND ALTERNATIVE FINANCE LIBERATING THE CAPITAL MARKETS Abstract This article discusses how the sudden shift in policy reform and innovation has the potential to liberate the financial markets. The economic potential of internet finance is beginning to take hold across the capital markets as industries like Peer–to–Peer Lending, Equity and Debt based Crowdfunding and virtual currencies and cryptocurrencies which are types of digital currency are quickly transforming the way businesses are being financed. From borrowing and lending, buying and selling securities, to conducting wire transfers internationally, these innovations are creating a new class and generation of investors will source investments opportunities. Helping institutions and governments assess risks and manage performance in order to determine where to deploy capital; and showing signs of lessening the inequality gap. Following the neolithic agricultural revolution and the industrial revolution, this new revolution will enable more people to access financial services in less traditional ways, especially the unbanked world with its huge potential. These new financial opportunities, such as peer –to - peer (P2P) lending, will be discussed and examined, and we will stress how they can allow people to bypass