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新概念英语第四册第二十五单元语法和句型

Lesson 25 Non-auditory effects of noise 噪音的非听觉效应

Many people in industry and the Services, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time; they are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people. On the other hand, those who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence to support their pleas for a quieter society. This is a pity, because noise abatement really is a good cause. And it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with bad science.

One allegation often made is that noise produces mental illness. A recent article in a weekly newspaper, for instance, was headed with a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress, with the caption 'She was yet another victim, reduced to a screaming wreck '. On turning eagerly to the text, one learns that the lady was a typist who found the sound of office typewriters worried her more and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital. Now the snag in this sort of anecdote is of course that one cannot distinguish cause and effect. Was the noise a cause of the illness, or were the complaints about noise merely a symptom? Another patient might equally well complain that her neighbors were combining to slander her and persecute her, and yet one might be cautious about believing this statement.

What is needed in the case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions, to discover whether they are mentally ill more often than other people are. The United States Navy, for instance, recently examined a very large number of men working on aircraft carriers: the study was known as Project Anehin. It can be unpleasant to live even several miles from an aerodrome; if you think what it must be like to share the deck of a ship with several squadrons of jet aircraft, you will realize that a modern navy is a good place to study noise. But neither psychiatric interviews nor objective tests were able to show any effects upon these American sailors. This result merely confirms earlier American and British studies: if there is any effect of noise upon mental health it must be so small that present methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it. That does not prove that it does not exist; but it does mean that noise is less dangerous than, say, being brought up in an orphanages--which really is a mental health hazard. (NCE Book Four)

【语法点】动词prepare的句型结构

【课文原句】……they are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people. 【演练例句】He was prepared to bargain about money. 他愿意就金钱问题进行商议。

Just as they must put aside their prejudices, so we must _______（准备好接受他们的诚意）. That was the first time I had been in such a large event, so I ________（做好了充分的准备）. The Prime Minister ________（不打算灵活变通）about the government’s economic policy. Unfortunately the report ________（准备得仓促）and contained several inaccuracies.

We ________（有所准备的）for the outcome of the conference.

We don’t know for sure what problems or opport unities any day or any moment will bring, but as long as we________（做好准备）, we welcome them any time.

With the matter settled, we began to prepare dinner. 这件事解决了，我们着手做晚饭。

【语法点】不定式的被动语态

【课文原句】And it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with bad science.

【演练例句】I beg to be excused for my early departure. 对不起，各位，我要先走一步。

I want to be informed about what is going on here during my absence. 我不在的时候，想知道这

里的情况。

The government servants are warned ________（不要脱离人民群众）.

For advocates for the poor, ________（这表明有更多的事需要做）.

他力争被人们承认是个音乐家。

我真幸运，被选中出国旅行。

这本书好像已经译成英语了。

【语法点】动词head的用法

【课文原句】A recent article in a weekly newspaper, for instance, was headed with a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress, with the caption 'She was yet another victim, reduced to a screaming wreck '.

【演练例句】

Sam had been working his way through Vincent Lord's list of potential candidates to head the research institute. 萨姆一直在按文森特·洛德提出的名单，寻找主持研究所工作的人。

谁领导这个队?

他们让他领导这小组。

谁领导这个组还要讨论。

The government has appointed a QC to head the inquiry政府委派一皇家律师领导调查。

The editor forgot to head the article with a title. 编辑忘了在那篇文章上加标题。

【语法点】介词on的用法

【课文原句】On turning eagerly to the text, one learns that the lady was a typist who found the sound of office typewriters worried her more and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital.

【演练例句】

________（一听到那消息）, she was on pins and needles.

________（他一回来）he reported his findings to the committee.

________（他一登上王位）, he inherited vast estates.

________（一听说飞机改变了航线）, they left the airport.

________（他一到飞机场）, he called a taxi.

________（他一死）the farm will pass to his son.

________（一听到那奇怪的声响）he cut the engine.他就关掉了引擎。

________（一看到倾盆大雨）, she belted (up) her raincoat.

On reaching the fresh air he was sufficiently unsteady. 他出来叫凉风一吹，可就有些东倒西歪了。

On arrival we will circle for twenty minutes at low altitudes, looking for a U-boat. After twenty minutes we return to base. 一到目的地就低空飞行，寻找潜水艇。二十分钟后返回基地。

【语法点】wh-词引出的主语从句

【课文原句】What is needed in the case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions, to discover whether they are mentally ill more often than other people are. 【演练例句】Where the two lines will cross is to be determined by solving the equation. 两条线在哪里相交，解这个方程就可以得到解答。

When this new-type oil pump will be put into production has been specified by the manager.

这台新型油泵何时生产，经理已决定了。

How a person masters his fate is more important than what his fate is. 一个人如何掌握命运比他的命运本身更重要。

Why heat can be produced by rubbing the hands together is easy to explain. 两只手在一起摩擦为什么产生热，这是易于解释的问题。

It is the common wonder of all men how among so many millions of faces, there should be none alike.在成千上万张面空中，竟没有长相一样的，对于所有人来说这都是奇迹。(1) that引导的主语从句

that引导的主语从句可以位于句首，而常见的形式是将作形式主语用的先行词it置于句首。That he will come to the discussion is certain. 他来参加讨论是肯定无疑的。

That mathematics is one of the most useful and fascinating divisions in human knowledge is widely accepted 数学是人类知识中最有用和最令人着迷的部分之一，这一点受到了广泛的认可。

It is strange that she did not come yesterday. 很奇怪，她昨天没有来。

It is a pity that Mr. Brown can’t at tend our English meeting. 真可惜，布朗先生不能出席我们的英语晚会。

(2) 连接代词和连接副词以及连接词whether引导的主语从句

Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. 这事会对我们有害还是有益，还要等等看。

Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.我们在什么地方做这个实验还在讨论。

Why the sun in the morning looks bigger than the sun at noon is very interesting. 为什么早晨的太阳看上去比中午的太阳大，这事很有趣。

疑问词引导的主语从句可以位于句首，也可以借助于先行词it后置。如：

Whether or not an object floats depends on the density of both the object and the water. 一个物体是否会浮起，既取决于该物体的密度，又取决于水的密度。

(3) 名词性关系代词what，whatever，whichever，whoever引导的主语从句。

Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. 违反本法者应予以罚款。

Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. (你们中)谁先来谁得奖。

What one thinks and feels is mainly due to tradition, habit and education. 一个人的思想和感情主要归因于传统、习惯和教育。(What=the thing which/that)

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—－可编辑修改，可打印—— 别找了你想要的都有！ 精品教育资料——全册教案，，试卷，教学课件，教学设计等一站式服务—— 全力满足教学需求，真实规划教学环节 最新全面教学资源，打造完美教学模式

Lesson1 We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.

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1. 关系副词eweek. 2. A． B which. C． D ? 3.as as A “as...as” 例如： B．as ??? as 例如： (二): . (三): 从句）gthecase. 就是that不做任 ，doubt，suggestion explanation truth，knowledge 或whether that不做 that做定

2 3 4 nity. VII. 1． 句话说） 2．括） 关系。 3． (四): 1. should might 2. er. 3. ? 4. ● 词原形，（建议） ??? ●（should oposal. arty. ●I wroteit) 通常用于动词： 属静态 被省 句子，seldom，等。

7 ???? oblem. ???? 注意：不用was 找他。 答案词， 不能说 8 ???（ ????? ( 定义：特点等。 ● ● 所属等。 1 2 smell， remain 3 面） poorly（身 ） ，usually ，below 等 ，perfectly， 注意

式地）（以前） 10.free freely (九):前，an 如： I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11． 12 13 民 II 1． 2 3 4 5 (十): 1 “willyou”，如：

1 assroom. 2 3 ??? 别力。 (十三): 1.rise， ?“rise”提高”。 “arise”其语义为“义为“ https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7c13804614.html,y， “lay” “lie” “lie” 3.sit， “sit” “seat” 4. “affect” “effect”dy. 5.hang 当hang 而当hang 6. 7.take :? 8. 9.fit, “fit”指“ 10.搭配

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