研究生英语阅读教程(基础级)第三版 课后习题答案 Lesson 1 2 4 6 8 12
Lesson 1 World English: A Blessing or a Curse (p7)
1. There has been much opposition from social groups, B from the farming
community.
A. straightforwardly(直接地)
B. notably（显著地，尤其）
C. virtually（事实上）
D. exceptionally（例外地）
译文：社会团体，尤其是农业团体，对此有许多反对意见。
2. The A view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.
A. predominant（占支配地位的）
B. credulous（轻信的）
C. inclusive（包含的）
D. sustainable（可持续的）
译文：英国和其他西方国家的主流观点认为，老龄化意味着衰落、依赖、孤立，而且往往是贫穷。
3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most D of governments.
A. tough（困难的）
B. demanding（苛求的）
C. diverse（不同的）
D. benign（有利的；善良的）
译文：但是，这样的礼物不可能由法官或最仁慈的政府颁发给所有人。
4. The foreman read the C of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.
A. prejudice（偏见）
B. verification（政审）
C. verdict（判断；裁决）
D. punishment（惩罚）
译文：陪审团念了十四遍有罪判决，为每位被告都念了一遍。
5. They fear it could have a(n) B effect on global financial markets.
A. sizeable（相当大的）
B. adverse（不利的）
C. benefical（有利的）
D. consequential（重要的）
译文：他们担心这会对全球金融市场产生不良影响。
6. The UN threatened to D economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.
A. engage（吸引；使订婚）
B. pursue（继续）
C. abandon（抛弃）
D. invoke（诉诸）
译文：如果谈判破裂，联合国威胁要诉诸经济制裁。
7. There are at least four crucial differences between the new A and the old government.
A. regime（政权）
B. hegemony（霸权）
C. complex（情节）
D. federation（联合；联邦）
译文：新政权和旧政府之间至少有四个关键的区别。
8. These questions B a challenge to established attitude of superiority toward the outside world.
A. evolve（发展；进化）
B. constitute（形成；等同于）
C. tolerate（忍受）
D. aroused（引起）
译文：这些问题构成了对既定的对外优越态度的挑战。
9. Because of this, a strong administrative A was needed to plan the use of scarce resources, organize production and regulate distribution.
A. apparatus（组织机构）
B. constitution（宪法）
C. insistence（坚持；强调）
D. promotion（提升）
译文：因此，需要一个强有力的行政机构来规划稀少资源的使用、组织生产和管制分配。
10. I learnt that there are no genuinely C animals in this area, all the animals were
brought here from other places.
A. endangered（濒于灭绝的）
B. domesticated（驯养）
C. indigenous（土生土长的）
D. extinct（灭绝的；绝种的）
译文：我了解到这个地区没有真正的土生土长的动物，所有的动物都是从其他地方带来的。
point up（强调）by and large（总的来说）take in（吸收，吸纳）descent（血统）for good or ill（无论好坏）leave aside（搁置）crystal clear（显而易见的）die out（灭绝）endanger（危害）lay...at the door of（归咎于）
1.The book concludes with a review of the possible impact of more intimate computers,
for good or ill in various areas of human life.
译文：这本书的结尾回顾了更亲密的电脑可能带来的影响，无论是好是坏，在人类生活的各个领域。
2.Moreover, it had become clear from the opinion polls that the unpopularity of the new
tax was being laid at the door of the government which had introduced it, rather than the local authorities who were responsible for levying and collecting it.
译文：此外，从民意调查中可以清楚地看出，新税不受欢迎的原因是推行新税的政府，而不是负责征收和征收新税的地方当局。
3.This case gave the example of breaking someone's arm: that is a really serious injury,
but one which is unlikely to endanger the victim's life.
译文：这个案例给出了打断别人胳膊的例子:这是一个非常严重的伤害，但不太可能危及受害者的生命。
4. Many of those who hold it live in poor areas and some are Colored, that is, of mixed
European and African descent .
译文：许多持有它的人生活在贫困地区，一些是有色人种，即欧洲和非洲混血。
5.This debate is important because it points up that "the facts" are not necessarily as
simple and straightforward as they might at first sight seem.
译文：这场辩论之所以重要，是因为它指出，“事实”不一定像乍一看那么简单明了。
6.In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period,
many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again, taking in most of human life.
译文：一开始，人们可能会争论生命的意义，但一旦过了第一阶段，许多对话就会沿着一条老生常谈的路线从一个话题转到另一个话题，然后再转回来，占据人类生活的大部分时间。
7.But since agriculture forms the basis of our industry, it was, by and large , also an
intensification of the crisis in the national economy in general.
译文：但是，由于农业是我们工业的基础，总的来说，它也加剧了整个国民经济的危机。
8.Let us leave aside other relevant factors such as education, career structure, pay and
conditions of service and concentrate on manpower management.
译文：让我们把教育、职业结构、薪酬和服务条件等其他相关因素放在一边，集中精力进行人力管理。
9.It is true that the exact nature of this issue is uncertain. However, one thing is crystal
clear .it will not endanger the planet and its inhabitants.
译文：的确，这个问题的确切性质是不确定的。然而，有一件事是非常清楚的，那就是它不会危及地球及其居民。
10.B ut if animal populations are too small, then they simply die out .
译文：但是如果动物数量太少，它们就会灭绝。
1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh...that their long-term future must be considered...very greatly at risk.
因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。
2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism).As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default)encouraged or at least tolerated-and certainly have not opposed-the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.
同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及
殖民扩张。
3By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat.
总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。
4.Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious
advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network,
a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational
apparatus.
然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。
5.English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in
opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized.
讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。
6.Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to
benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.
这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。
Lesson 2 You’ve Got to Find What You Love
1. Would passengers please turn off your electronic devices before the commencement of
the fight?
A. boarding(上飞机，船等)
B. landing（降落，着陆）
C. take-off（起飞）
D. check-in（办理登机手续）
译文：乘客请在飞机起飞前关掉电子设备好吗?
2. My father appreciated the calligraphy of the 18th century very much.
A. ideology（思想意识）
B. artistry（艺术）
C. philosophy（哲学）
D. handwriting（书法）
译文：我父亲非常欣赏18世纪的书法。
3. At first the president threatened to dismiss me, but later he relented.
A. softened（使温和）
B. regretted（后悔；遗憾）
C. withdrew（撤销；收回）
D. altered（改变）
译文：起初总统威胁要解雇我，但后来他软化了态度。
4. My grandma is so naive as to believe everything she reads.
A. ignorant（无知的，愚昧的）
B. credulous（轻信的）
C. amiable（和蔼可亲的）
D. vulnerable（易受伤害的）
译文：我奶奶太天真了，她什么都相信。
5. The intuition of the language is a must for a competent translator.
A. master（硕士；主人；大师）
B. inspiration（灵感）
C. familiarity（熟悉）
D. sense（感觉）
译文：对于一个称职的翻译来说，语言的直觉是必不可少的。
6. After being appointed manager, Bob underwent a subtle change in his attitude.
A. enormous（庞大的）
B. terrible（可怕的）
C. delicate（微妙的；雅致的）
D. slight（轻微的；少量的；不重要的）译文：鲍勃被任命为经理后，他的态度发生了微妙的变化。
7. People like to say that knowledge can change one's destiny.
A. career（生涯）
B. fate（命运）
C. nature（本质/性）
D. character（性格）
译文：人们喜欢说知识可以改变一个人的命运。
8. The city was almost flattened by the devastating earthquake.
A. destructive（破坏，毁灭性的）
B. widespread（分布广泛的）
C. abrupt（突然的）
D. inevitable（必然的，不可避免的）
译文：这座城市几乎被毁灭性的地震夷为平地。
9. This medicine should be applied as a remedy, but for external use only.
A. short-term（短期的）
B. outside（外部的）
C. oral（口头的；口述的）
D. spare（多余的）
译文：这种药应作为一种药物使用，但只能外用。
10. The newspaper seeks to be independent of political dogma.
A. parties（政党）
B. influence（影响）
C. platforms（平台；月台，站台）
D. doctrines（主义；学说；教义；信条）译文：这家报纸力图不受政治教条的影响。
screw...up（把…变糟）button up（顺利完成）live through（经历）dawn on（明白）fall out（争吵）let down（使失望）figure out（解决；算出）in a row（成一排；连续）sign off（结束广播）roll on（滚滚向前）
1.No matter what happens, the wheel of history will always roll on .
译文：不管发生什么事，历史的车轮永远会滚滚向前。
2.She has lived through several terrible accidents.
译文：她经历过几次可怕的事故。
3.Do you know what Johnny is talking about? I can't figure out what he was hinting at. 译文：你知道约翰尼在说什么吗?我不明白他在暗示什么。
4.This is your favorite announcer signing off for tonight.
译文：由你最喜欢的播音员宣布今晚播音结束。
5.Chris is a bit let down by the low grade he got.
译文：克里斯因为分数低而有点失望。
6.They had been quite good friends for years, until they fell out about some trivial
matter.
译文：他们多年来一直是好朋友，后来因为一些小事闹翻了。
7.It suddenly dawned on me that I'd caught the wrong train.
译文：我突然意识到我搭错车了。
8.They buttoned up the job within a few hours.
译文：他们在几个小时内就完成了这项工作。
9.It was such a simple plan; how could you have screwed it up?
译文：这是一个如此简单的计划;你怎么会搞砸的?
10.It is the sixth month in a row in which imports have fallen.
译文：这是进口连续第六个月下降。
1.The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I
was still in love.
译文：苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫的没有改变这一点。我被驱逐了,但是我仍然钟爱我所做的事情。
2.The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner
again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
译文：因为，作为一个成功者的负重感被作为一个创业者的轻松感觉所重新代替,一切都还不确定。
这让我觉得如此自由, 进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。
3.It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you
in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith.
译文：这个良药的味道实在是太苦了,但是我想病人需要它。有时候,人生会用砖头打你的头。不要失去信心。
4.Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of
thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
译文：“记住你即将死去”是我知道的避免这些（你将失去一些东西）想法的最好办法。如果你已
经什么都没有了，就没有理由不去追随你内心的声音。
5.Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by
dogma- which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice.
译文：你们的时间是有限的，所以，不要将它浪费在重复其他的生活上。不要掉进教条的陷阱，也就是说不要按照别人的想法来生活。不要让其他人喧嚣的观点，掩盖你真正的内心之声。
Lesson 4 Why Should We Hire You?
1. Though he had apologized, she raised a query on his sincerity.
A. trust（信任）
B. request（请求；需要）
C. examination（考试）
D. question（问题；疑问）
译文：虽然他已经道歉了，她还是对他的诚意提出了质疑。
2. Discipline in Mr. Brown's class becomes very slack.
A. strict（严格的；绝对的；精确的）
B. loose（宽松的；不精确的）
C. serious（严肃的；认真的）
D. uncontrollable（无法管控的）
译文：布朗先生班上的纪律变得很松弛。
3. We couldn't believe that the joke was a nasty hit at him.
A. malicious（恶毒的）
B. lethal（致命的）
C. footy（无足轻重的）
D. gentle（温和，文雅的）
译文：我们不敢相信这个笑话是对他的恶毒攻击。
4. The winner's complacent smile annoyed some people.
A. scornful（轻蔑的）
B. humorous（幽默的）
C. contented（满足的，心安的）
D. ironical（讽刺的）
译文：胜利者自满的微笑惹恼了一些人。
5. This make-over has to start with the most basic societal unit-the family.
A. task（任务；工作）
B. improvement（提高；改进）
C. measure（措施；测量）
D. change（改变）
译文：这种转变必须从最基本的社会单元——家庭开始。
6. A Private Postsecondary and Vocational Education Accreditation System will be put into
practice in California next school year.
A. Primary（首要的）
B. Eiementary（基本的；初级的）
C. Higher（更高的，较高的）
D. Graduate（毕业的）
译文：明年，加州将实行私立高等教育和职业教育认证制度。
7. The ambassador presented her credentials to the monarch.
A certificates（证书） B. gifts（礼物）
C. statements（声明；报告）
D. respects（尊重）
译文：大使向国王递交了她的国书。
8. It seems that the only way out is to cut some programs and downsize our organization.
A. make do（设法达成；凑合用）
B. cut short（缩减）
C. lay off（解雇；休息；停工）
D. shut down（停工；关闭）
译文：似乎唯一的出路是削减一些项目和规模
9. The invaders were brutish and coarse to the villagers.
A. brutal（残忍，野蛮，不讲理的）
B. fierce（凶猛的；暴躁的）
C. wicked（邪恶的；恶劣的）
D. vicious（恶毒的；恶意的）
译文：侵略者对村民是粗野的。
10. His new theory has caused a sensation through out the civilized world.
A. success（成功）
B. reaction（反应）
C. excitement（令人兴奋的事）
D. sense（感觉；官能）
译文：他的新理论在整个文明世界引起了轰动。
with few exceptions（少有例外）pay off（使得益；有报偿；付清；还清）
lay off（解雇）looked onward（向前看）
turn… around（曲解；反过来）sound...out（试探意见；探听口气）
take for granted（认为是理所当然的）make over（转变）
take advantage of（利用）limited to（局限于）
1.He turned my question around so that it sounded foolish.
译文：他把我的问题弄得听起来很傻。
2.The factory has laid off workers because of the drop in sales.
译文：由于销售量下降，这家工厂解雇了工人。
3.Such situation is not limited to rural areas.
译文：这种情况不仅限于农村地区。
4.Since he went to the university, he has been made over into a new man.
译文：自从他上了大学，他已改头换面，焕然一新。
5.Can you sound your friend out and see whether he will help?
译文：你能试探一下你的朋友，看他是否愿意帮忙吗?
6.The investor believes that his investment will pay off handsomely soon.
译文：投资者相信他的投资很快就会有丰厚的回报。
7.Then poor people who were abandoned by society looked onward and sought bravely
for happiness.
译文：被社会抛弃的穷人向前看，勇敢地追求幸福。
8.We should take advantage of the good weather to go for a walk.
译文：我们应该利用好天气去散步。
9.All particulars should be carefully checked and verified; nothing should be taken for
granted.
译文：所有细节（详情）必须仔细核对及核实;没有什么是理所当然的。
10.W ith few exceptions ,all the youth of the organization are awakened and determined
to work hard.
译文：除了少数例外，本组织所有青年都被唤醒并决心努力工作。
1.However, just as exceeding the speed limit will, when traffic police are performing
properly, lead to a speeding ticket, so being interviewed for an attractive career-entry position will, when the interviewer knows what to look for, lead directly or indirectly to the question "Why should we hire you?”
译文：然而，正如当一个警察正确执法时，司机超速就要吃罚单；同样，在面试一份吸引人的某一行业的准入职位时，如果面试官清楚地知道他们要什么，就会直接或间接地问这个问题“我们为什么要雇佣你？”
2.For someone wishing to begin a new career, the prospects are starting to look nasty
and brutish, and the immediate picture is distinctly short of jobs, hours, and rewards for new employees.
译文：对于那些想要开始新的职业生涯的人来说，前途开始变得凶险和残酷，而眼前的（直观的）形势就是工作少，时间短，给新员工的工资也（明显地）减少。
3.Other students may find their academic work difficult and demanding enough without
adding the headache of anticipating yet more demands.
译文：其他学生可能认为学业课程已经很难，要求很高了，因此不想再费脑筋去预见那些更多的要
求了。
4. If you are in a program with a variety of optional courses, your knowledge of the job market's demands will help you to make more informed decisions.
译文：如果你的学习项目有各种选修课，那么如果你了解就业市场的要求，就能帮你做出更多明智的选择。
5. You may discover that it is quite easy to gain insight into your field of interest just by sounding out your teachers.
译文：你可能会发现，只是到老师那里探听些消息，就能非常容易地深入了解感兴趣的领域。
Lesson 6 Thank God It’s Monday?
1. I advocate a holistic recognition that biology and culture interpenetrate in an inextricable manner.
A. complicated（复杂的；难懂的）
B. unavoidable（不可避免的）
C. customary（迷人的）
D. incomprehensible（难以理解的）
译文：我主张应全面认识到，生物学和文化以一种不可分割的方式相互渗透。
2. The romantic painting movement introduced a taste for the mysterious as well as a love of the picturesque and sublime nature.
A. immense（巨大的）
B. fascinating（吸引人的）
C. magnificent（壮丽的，华丽的）
D. enchanting（迷人的；妩媚的）
译文：浪漫主义的绘画运动带来了对神秘的品味，以及对风景如画和崇高自然的热爱。
3. One important feature of the period was the growth of Buddhism. Its adherents honored the Buddha in order to be reborn in his paradise.
A. sponsors（赞助者）
B. supporters（支持者）
C. advocators（倡导者）
D. advisors（建议者）
译文：这一时期的一个重要特征是佛教的发展。它的信徒尊敬佛陀是为了在他的天堂重生。
4. As censorship was extremely strict in that period, little authentic news came out of the
country.
A. negative（消极的）
B. disastrous（灾难性的）
C. official（官方的）
D. reliable（可靠的；可信赖的）
译文：由于当时的审查制度极其严格，几乎没有真正的新闻流出中国。
5. If a block of wood is completely immersed in water, the upward force is greater than the
weight of the wood.
A. dipped（侵；泡）
B. pressed（按）
C. forced（强迫）
D. pushed（推）
译文：如果一块木头完全浸入水中，向上的力大于木头的重量。
6. According to Zhuangzi. a Daoist philosopher of the late 4th century BC, through mystical union with the Dao the individual could transcend nature and even life and death.
A. dissolve（使溶解，分解）
B. upraise
C. surpass（超越，胜过）
D. depress（压抑；使沮丧）
译文：根据庄子。作为公元前4世纪后期的道家哲学家，通过与道的神秘结合，个体可以超越自然，甚至超越生死。
7. As economic growth ground to a halt, the local populations grew more and more disaffected.
A. indifferent（漠不关心的）
B. resentful（感到愤怒的）
C. unvalued（无价的）
D. indignant（愤慨的）
译文：随着经济增长停滞不前，当地居民越来越不满。
8. Capitalism was beset by cycles of“boom and bust', periods of expansion and prosperity followed by economic collapse and waves of unemployment.
A. failure（失败）
B. transition（过渡，转变）
C. loss（损失）
D. depression（不景气；忧愁，沮丧）
译文：资本主义被“繁荣与萧条”的周期所困扰，经济扩张与繁荣的时期随之而来的是经济崩溃和失业浪潮。
9. At that time, life was nearly as taxing for all-black bands: black musicians were required to use kitchen entrances and service elevators, which forced them to confront the ugly realities of racial discrimination.
A. miserable（悲惨的，痛苦的）
B. hard（艰难的）
C. unbearable（无法忍受的）
D. harsh（严厉的，严酷的）
译文：在那个时候，所有黑人乐队的生活几乎同样艰难:黑人音乐家被要求使用厨房入口和服务电梯，这迫使他们面对种族歧视的丑陋现实。
10. Modern and implicit censorship has nothing like the power of the old system and
contrary opinion is never entirely stifled.
A. released（释放；允许发表）
B. arrested（被逮捕）
C. retarded（延迟，阻止，妨碍）
D. prohibited（被禁止的）
译文：现代的隐性审查制度与旧制度的权力完全不同，相反的意见从来没有被完全压制过。
in control of（控制）within the framework（以…的标准，准则）variables（变数，变量）it turns out（结果是，证明）
on paper（在纸上，理论上）take away from（减损，减少）
once in a while（偶尔，间或）trade...for（以…换…）
make sense（讲得通，有意义，言之有理）take heart（有信心，振作起来）
1. The most famous private boarding schools are open to the public on paper , but in
reality are attended by those who can afford the fees.
译文：大多数著名的私立寄宿学校名义上是向公众开放的，但实际上并非如此那些付得起学费的人