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内分泌英文文章

内分泌英文文章
内分泌英文文章

1.ABBREVIATION SIADH syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a disorder in which water excretion is partially impaired because of the inability to suppress the secretion of ADH . In severe cases, the urine output does not exceed one liter per day, despite a water intake well above this level. The ensuing water retention leads to the development of hyponatremia. The syndrome is defined by the hyponatremia and hypo-osmolality TPP thyrotoxic periodic paralysis Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TTP) is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism, more common in Asian males between the second and fourth decades of life and is characterized by thyrotoxicosis, hypokalemia and proximal muscle weakness. Thyrotoxic normokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare entity and has so far only been reported in adult males. Patients with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis have recurrent muscular weakness of the four extremities, affecting mainly the lower extremities. The onset of paralytic attacks usually coincides with the onset of hyperthyroidism, though overt findings of thyrotoxicosis are rarely present with the initial paralytic attack. In some cases, the periodic paralysis is the sole manifestation of the hyperthyroidism

2.AITD autoimmune thyroid disease Autoimmune thyroid diseases are common diseases that occur when the thyroid gland is attacked by the immune system. Autoimmune thyroid diseases result in abnormal functioning of the thyroid gland. In autoimmune thyroid diseases, the thyroid gland is either over active or under active. Autoimmune thyroid diseases include Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Autoimmune thyroid diseases are more common in women than in men. The autoimmune thyroid disease called Hashimoto's thyroiditis occurs most often in females between the ages of 30 and 50 years. The Hashimoto's thyroiditis also appears to have a genetic component because it can run in families. People over the age of fifty who have hypertension or atherosclerosis are at risk for developing the autoimmune thyroid disease called Graves' disease.

3.PPT postpartum thyroiditis Postpartum thyroiditis is a phenomenon observed following pregnancy and may involve hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism or the two sequentially. It affects about 5% of all women within a year after giving birth. The first phase is typically hyperthyroidism.Then, the thyroid either returns to normal or a woman develops hypothyroidism. Of those women who experience hypothyroidism associated with postpartum thyroiditis, one in five will develop permanent hypothyroidism requiring life-long treatment.Postpartum thyroiditis is believed to result from the modifications to the immune system necessary in pregnancy, and histologically is a subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis. The process is normally self-limiting, but when conventional antibodies are found there is a high chance of this proceeding to permanent hypothyroidism. Postpartum thyroiditis is a member of the group of thyroiditis conditions known as resolving thyroiditis.

4.PHP pseudohypoparathyroidism Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a condition associated primarily with resistance to the parathyroid hormone. Patients have a low serum calcium and high phosphate, but the parathyroid hormone level (PTH) is actually appropriately high (due to the hypocalcemia). Its pathogenesis has been linked to dysfunctional G Proteins (in particular, Gs alpha subunit). GDM gestational diabetes mellitus Gestational diabetes (or gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM) is a condition in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose levels during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes generally has few

symptoms and it is most commonly diagnosed by screening during pregnancy. Diagnostic tests detect inappropriately high levels of glucose in blood samples. Gestational diabetes affects 3-10% of pregnancies, depending on the population studied. No specific cause has been identified, but it is believed that the hormones produced during pregnancy increase a woman's resistance to insulin, resulting in impaired glucose tolerance.

5.IGT impaired glucose tolerance Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a pre-diabetic state of dysglycemia that is associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular pathology. IGT may precede type 2 diabetes mellitus by many years. IGT is also a risk factor for mortality. According to the criteria of the World Health Organization and the American Diabetes Association, impaired glucose tolerance is defined as:two-hour glucose levels of 140 to 199 mg per dL (7.8 to 11.0 mmol) on the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. A patient is said to be under the condition of IGT when he/she has an intermediately raised glucose level after 2 hours, but less than would qualify for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thefasting glucose may be either normal or mildly elevated

6.IFT impaired fasting glycaemia or impaired fasting glucose Impaired fasting glycaemia or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) refers to a condition in which the fasting blood glucose is elevated above what is considered normal levels but is not high enough to be classified as diabetes mellitus. It is considered a pre-diabetic state, associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular pathology, although of lesser risk than impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). IFG sometimes progresses totype 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a 50% risk over 10 years of progressing to overt diabetes. IFG has no symptoms and can often go undiagnosed for years. Although there are no symptoms, many people diagnosed with IFG are overweight. Nine out of 10 people with IFG have high blood pressure, raised cholesterol levels or a family history of the condition. MODY maturityonset diabetes mellitus in young Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) refers to any of several hereditary forms of diabetes caused by mutations in an autosomal dominant gene(sex independent, i.e. inherited from any of the parents) disruptinginsulin production.

7.MODY is often referred to as "monogenic diabetes" to distinguish it from the more common types of diabetes (especially type 1 and type 2), which involve more complex combinations of causes involving multiple genes (i.e., "polygenic")and environmental factors. MODY 2 and MODY 3 are the most common forms. The severity of the different types varies considerably, but most commonly MODY acts like a very mild version of type 1 diabetes, with continued partial insulin production and normal insulin sensitivity. MODY is not type 2 diabetes in a young person, as might erroneously be inferred from the name.

8.DKA diabetic ketoacidosis Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication in patients with diabetes mellitus. It happens predominantly in those with type 1 diabetes, but it can occur in those with type 2 diabetes under certain circumstances. DKA results from a shortage of insulin; in response the body switches to burning fatty acids and producing acidic ketone bodies that cause most of the symptoms and complications. DKA may be the first symptom of previously undiagnosed diabetes, but it may also occur in known diabetics due to a

variety of causes, such as intercurrent illness or poor compliance with insulin therapy. Vomiting, dehydration, deep gasping breathing, confusion and occasionally coma are typical symptoms. DKA is a medical emergency, and without treatment it can lead to death. DKA was first described in 1886; until the introduction of insulin therapy in the 1920s it was almost universally fatal. It now carries a mortality of less than 5% with adequate and timely treatment.

9.MS metabolic syndrome Metabolic syndrome is a combination of medical disorders that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. It affects one in five people, and prevalence increases with age. Some studies estimate theprevalence in the USA to be up to 25% of the population. Metabolic syndrome is also known as metabolic syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome, Reaven's syndrome (named for Gerald Reaven), and CHAOS (in Australia).

A similar condition in overweight horses is referred to as equine metabolic syndrome; it is unknown if they have the same etiology.

10.CSII continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: the constant, continuous infusion of a short-acting insulin driven by mechanical force and delivered via a needle or soft cannula under the skin. Also known as insulin pump

11.ESS euthyroid sick syndrome Euthyroid sick syndrome, sick euthyroid syndrome, non-thyroidal illness syndrome or low T3 low T4 syndrome is a state of adaptation or dysregulation of thyrotropic feedback controlwhere the levels of T3 and/or T4 are at unusual levels, but the thyroid gland does not appear to be dysfunctional. This condition is often seen in starvation, critical illness or patients in intensive care unit.

12.DI diabetes insipidus Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition characterized by excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine, with reduction of fluid intake having no effect on the latter.There are several different types of DI, each with a different cause. The most common type in humans is central DI, caused by a deficiency of arginine vasopressin (A VP), also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The second common type of DI is nephrogenicdiabetes insipidus, which is caused by an insensitivity of the kidneys to ADH. It can also be an iatrogenic artifactof drug use. Excessive urination and extreme thirst (especially for cold water and sometimes ice or ice water) are typical for DI. Symptoms of diabetes insipidus are quite similar to those of untreated diabetes mellitus, with the distinction that the urine does not contain glucose and there is no hyperglycemia (elevated blood glucose). Blurred vision is a rarity. Signs of dehydration may also appear in some individuals since the body cannot conserve much (if any) of the water it takes in.

13.GO Graves ophthalmopathy Graves' ophthalmopathy (also known as thyroid eye disease(TED),dysthyroid/thyroid- associated orbitopathy (TAO), Graves' orbitopathy) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting the orbit around the eye, characterized by upper eyelid retraction, swelling (edema), redness (erythema), conjunctivitis, and bulging eyes (proptosis). It is part of a systemic process with variable expression in the eyes, thyroid and skin, caused by autoantibodies that bind to tissues in those organs, and generally occurs with hyperthyroidism. The most common form of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease. About 10% of

cases do not have Graves' disease, but do have autoantibodies.The autoantibodies target the fibroblasts in the eye muscles, and those fibroblasts can differentiate into fat cells (adipocytes). Fat cells and muscles expand and become inflamed. Veins become compressed, and are unable to drain fluid, causing edema.

14.DIDMOAD diabetes insipidus-diabetes mellitus-opticatrophy-deafness =Wolfram syndrom Wolfram syndrome is the association of juvenile onset diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy, also known as DIDMOAD (Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy, and Deafness). Patients present with diabetes mellitus followed by optic atrophy in the first decade, cranial diabetes insipidus and sensorineural deafness in the second decade, dilated renal outflow tracts .early in the third decade, and multiple neurological abnormalities early in the fourth decade. Other abnormalities include primary gonadal atrophy. Death occurs prematurely, often from respiratory failure associated with brainstem atrophy. Most patients eventually develop all complications of this progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. The pathogenesis is unknown.

英语励志名言大全

英语励志名言大全

英语励志名言大全 1、believe in yourself. 相信自己! 2、consider things from every angle. 思考问题要全面。 3、don't give up and don't give in. 不要放弃,不要言败! 4、want it more that anything. 必须之物最重要。 5、xcellerate your efforts. 加倍努力! 6、zero in your target,and go for it. 从零开始,勇往直前! 7、give more than you planned to. 多多给予,不必计较。 8、hang on to your dreams.

追逐梦想。 9、ignore those who try to discourage you . 阴险与打击勿放心上。 10、take control of your own desting. 命运掌握在自己手上。 11、live well, love lots, and laugh often. 善待生活,热爱一切,经常开怀大笑。 12、open your eyes and see things as they really are. 睁大眼睛,看清事实真相。(励志名言https://www.sodocs.net/doc/744040849.html,) 13、quitters never win and winners never quit. 退缩者永无胜利,胜利者永不退缩。 14、you're uinique, nothing can replace you. 你举世无双,无人可以替代。 15、understand yourself in order to better understanding others. 知己方能解人。 16、keep trying no matter how hard it seems. it will get easier.

外文文献及翻译

外文文献及翻译 题目:利用固定化过氧化氢酶 回收纺织品漂染的废水 专业食品科学与工程 学生姓名梁金龙 班级B食品072 学号0710308119 指导教师郑清

利用固定化过氧化氢酶回收纺织品漂染的废水 Silgia A. Costa1, Tzanko Tzanov1, Filipa Carneiro1, Georg M. Gübitz2 &Artur Cavaco-Paulo1,? 1纺织工程系, 米尼奥大学, 4810吉马尔, 葡萄牙 2环境生物技术系, 格拉茨技术大学, 8010格拉茨, 奥地利 ?作者联系方式(Fax: +351 253 510293; E-mail: artur@det.uminho.pt) 关键词:过氧化氢酶的固定化,酶稳定,过氧化氢,纺织印染 摘要 过氧化氢酶固定在氧化铝载体上并用戊二醛交联,在再循环塔反应器和CSTR反应器中研究贮存稳定性,温度和pH值对酶的活性。固定化酶的在的活性维持在44%,pH值11(30?C),对照组是活性为90%,pH值7(80?C),过氧化氢酶固定化的半衰期时间被提高到2小时(pH12,60?C)。用过氧化氢漂白织物后,洗涤过程中的残留水被固定化酶处理,可以用于再次印染时,记录实验数据。 1 序言 由于新的法规的出台,从生态经济的角度来看(Dickinson1984年),对于纺织行业中存在的成本和剩余水域的污染问题,必须给予更多的关注。过氧化氢是一种漂白剂,广泛应用于工业纺织工艺(Spiro & Griffith1997年)。在去除H2O2时,会消耗大量的水和能源(Weck 1991, St?hr & Petry 1995),以避免对氧气敏感的染料(Jensen 2000)产生后续问题。过氧化氢酶可用于降低过氧化氢的含量(Vasudevan & Thakur 1994, Emerson et al. 1996),从而减少水分消耗或方便回收印染洗涤液。过氧化氢酶的使用主要问题出在漂白时温度和清洗液碱度过高。以前,我们试图通过筛选新的嗜热嗜碱的微生物(Paar et al. 2001)或使用不同的酶稳定剂(Costa et al. 2001)来解决此问题。但是染料与蛋白质之间的潜在相互作用(Tzanov et al. 2001a, b)表明,可溶性过氧化氢酶的使用是不恰当的。固定化过氧化氢酶的使用还有一种选择(Costa et al. 2001, Amar et al. 2000)。在这项研究中,我们对氧化铝进行共价固定并使用戊二醛作为交联剂,这种方法在商业中得到验证。本项研究的目的就是探讨过氧化氢酶的固定化动力学,及其稳定性和工艺条件,这将使我们能够应用此系统,以处理可能被用于清洗染色的反复使用的酒。 2 材料和方法 2.1 酶 Terminox(EC1.11.1.6),50L以上,由AQUITEX- Maia提供,葡萄牙产。 2.2 过氧化氢酶的固定化 取Al2O3颗粒或薄片(Aldrich),直径分别为3和7毫米,在45摄氏度下,先经浓度4%的γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(Sigma)烷基化,再放入丙酮中浸泡24小时。用蒸馏水洗涤硅烷化载体后,放入浓度为2%戊二醛水溶液中室温下浸泡2小时(Aldrich),重复清洗一次并在60?C下干燥1小时。取五克的烷基化载体,室温24?C下浸泡在25毫升粗酶制剂中(Costa et al. 2001)。得出,每克Al2O3

英语励志文章

篇一:励志英语文章10篇 1.失败的意义 failure doesnt mean you are a failure,失败并不代表你是个失败者 it does mean you havent succeeded yet.它只表明你尚未成功 failure doesnt mean youve been disgraced, 失败并不代表你无脸见人 it does mean you were willing to try.它只表明你百折不回 failure doesnt mean you dont have it, 失败并不代表白费功夫 it does mean you have to do something in a different way.它只表明你的 方法仍待改进 failure doesnt mean you are inferior, 失败并不代表你低人一等 it does mean you are not perfect.它只表明你也并非完人 failure doesnt mean youve wasted your life, 失败并不代表你浪费了生命 it does mean you have a reason to start afresh.它只表明你有理由重新开始 failure doesnt mean you should give up, 失败并不代表你应该放弃 it does mean you must try harder.它只表明你要加倍努力 failure doesnt mean youll never make it, 失败并不代表成功永远不属于你 it does mean it will take a little longer.它只表明你可能需要付出更多的时间failure doesnt mean god has abandoned you, 失败并不代表上帝已经将你抛弃 it does mean god has a better idea.它只表明上帝还有更好的主意 2.走自己的路 dont listen to those who say,别听那些人的话 its not done that way.这是 不能那么做 maybe its not, but maybe you will.也许是不能那么做,可是也许你就会那么做dont listen to those who say, 别听那些人的话 youre taking too big a chance.你这个险冒得太大了 michelangelo would have painted the sistine floor,米开朗其罗可能在西斯廷教堂里的地板上做过画 and it would surely be rubbed out by today.到今天肯定已经被抹掉了 most importantly, dont listen ,when the little voice of fear inside of you rear its ugly head and says, they’re all smarter than you out there. they’re more talented, theyre taller, blonder, prettier, luckier and have connections… 最重要的是当你心中恐惧的声音抬起她丑陋的头说:那边那些人都比你聪明,他们更有才华,他们更高大,皮肤更白皙,他们更漂亮更幸运,而且认识各种各样的人。 i firmly believe that if you follow a path that interests you, not to the exclusion of love, sensitivity, and cooperation with others, but with the strength of conviction,that you can move others by

英语美文欣赏带翻译

Friends or 'Enemies?' When I was younger, my Dad used to tell me: "Boys don't want to be your friend." He then left the rest to my imagination. At the time, I didn't agree. I thought: I can crack a good joke, I know how to shoot a hoop, and I'm a cheerful person (but not in an annoying way). What kind of boy wouldn't want to be around that kind of girl? Turns out, my Dad was right. Not to be all "Samantha Brick" about it, but in my experience, single, heterosexual men aren't actively looking for an exclusively platonic relationship with a woman they find sexually attractive. This of course is not a revolutionary concept. In fact, it seems pretty natural to me. Now, I will be the first to say that it is really and truly the most wonderful thing in the world if the attraction is mutual. But the Powers That Be seem to like to play these complicated little mating games with humans where the guy we want to re-enact scenes from 9? Weeks with sees our attractiveness level as akin to that of a discarded dishcloth, and the most physical we could see ourselves being with the guy who actually likes us is a game of ping pong over an especially long table. All of which means that someone usually ends up getting rejected. I'm sure I'm not alone when I say I have struggled with the scenario where I am not interested in a man romantically, but I want to keep him as a friend because he is funny and I enjoy his company, or he has shown himself to be that rare specimen known as "a nice, genuine person, " or he simply doesn't mention his therapist in every other sentence. Rather than string him along and give him hope, I feel compelled to somehow communicate to him sooner rather than later that we'll just be staying friends, nothing more. Otherwise, I think I am being unfair to him. Why should he waste his romantic stamina on me when there are loads of other single women out there who might fall instantly in love with him? The thing is, it can sometimes be tricky to reject a man and keep him as a friend. If the operation is not executed carefully, you may end up creating a "menemy." It requires a certain amount of skill to be able to turn down a man's sexual advances or romantic gestures and then get him to agree to meet you for blueberry pancakes the following weekend and chat about the latest Woody Allen film. Some men aren't satisfied with just that. I'm not clear why. What's so bad about friendship? Everyone needs buddies. But I've seen men react poorly or simply fall off the face of the earth. I get it -- their feelings are hurt. None of us likes getting rejected. But in my experience, some men find it especially soul-crushing. I am only bringing all of this up because I recently had to go through this scenario again. I had spent some time cultivating a friendship with a man who, in my defense, I thought was gay. So I didn't see the harm in him buying me the occasional falafel, or accepting an invitation to see a film with him. Isn't that what friends are for? But a mutual friend shed light on his sexual orientation (straight) and suggested that his intentions -- and attentions -- weren't platonic. He had never "made the moves" but now it was all crystal clear -- that explains the way he had looked at me that time the tahini sauce dribbled down my chin! Since he had clearly been too timid to express his feelings, I thought I would be clever this time and subtly mention the dates I had been going on, focusing on the one guy I was kind of keen on, so that he would know that I was "unavailable" for heavy petting and those sorts of activities, but that I was available for things like roller skating, falafel-eating and shooting the breeze. Doesn't that sound nice? That way, he would known not to try to lean in for a kiss, and I wouldn't have to pull the Stevie Wonder dance and dodge him went he went for it. It was like pre-rejection, yet I was sparing his feelings because he didn't even have to put himself out there! I really thought I was being brilliant. It backfired, of course. Said man ended up sending me an email rant accusing me of being insensitive by talking about other men when he had "feelings for me." As if I am psychic, by the way, just because I am a woman! How was I supposed to know that? I think in his mind we were dating. In my mind, he was my new gay BFF. In the end, I got mad at him for getting mad at me, and now the friendship has ended. And I have created yet another "menemy." Look, I have also tried the direct thing: "I really like you, but only as a friend, " but you can only do that when the guy has made his intentions clear, and in my experience, they either cope okay (though rarely do I feel much enthusiasm for friendship after that), or they really don't cope well. I also tried the thing where you make them think they are rejecting you, but it gets quite confusing and only works if the guy isn't very sharp, and why would I -- or you -- be hanging out with someone not that sharp in the first place? As we all remember, Billy Crystal's character says men and women can't be friends in When Harry Met Sally because the sex stuff gets in the way. I do have single, male, heterosexual friends with whom I have an easy, non-romantic rapport, but I honestly don't know if they would walk away if I was sprawled naked on a bed calling out to them. I may not be everybody's cup of tea, but sometimes, I wonder if they wonder. And they may wonder if I wonder. If so, I hope they'll keep it to

英文励志名言

英文励志名言(经典英文励志名言名人名语短语) 英文励志短语(英文励志名言、英文精彩词汇、英文励志短语)—26个字母的人生意义 A-Acknowledging(感激) 感激上天赋予你的一切。 B-Belief(信念) 做每一件事要有坚定的信念。 C-Cconfidence(信心) 对自己充满自信心。 D-Dreaming(梦想) 有空不妨做做白日梦。 E-Empathy(心灵相通) 站在对方的立场上为对方想想。 F-Fun(乐趣) 享受现有的一切。 G-Giving(给予) 将你所能给予的都给予你周围的人。 H-Happiness(幸福观) 为你的生活及所做的事感到满意。 I-Imagination(想象力) 伸出你想象的翅膀去追求你的梦想。 J-Joy(欢乐) 把你的欢乐带给你所认识的人。 K-Knowledge(知识) 不断学习各种知识。 L-Love(爱心) 奉献你的爱心及爱的精神。 M-Motivation(激励) 不断激励自己实现自我超越。 N-Nice(友善) 即使对陌生人也要保持一颗善心。 O-Openness(开化) 敞开你的胸怀去接受新事物。 P-Patience(耐心) 坚持就是胜利,耐心等待成功的出现。 Q-Quiet(安宁) 找一段安宁的时间,安宁的地方去好好反省自己。 R-Respect(尊重) 尊重所有的种族、文化及价值观。 S-Smile(微笑)

用微笑面对绝望的困境。 T-Trust(信任) 信任自己、亲戚、朋友和其他人。 U-Unity(团结) 与周围人和平相处。 V-Victory(成功) 庆祝自己的成功,即使是小小的。 W-Wait(等候) 耐心等候,好运总会出现。 X-X factor(未知因数) 挖掘自己和别人身上的潜力。 Y-Yes(赞同) 迎接积极的挑战和具有一定的冒险精神。 Z-Zest(极大的生活乐趣) 把所有的事情都做到最好,努力达到生活的顶峰。 英文励志短语(英文励志名言、英文精彩词汇、英文励志短语)—李阳的励志名言(中英文对照)Pain past is pleasure.过去的痛苦即快乐。 All things are difficult before they are easy. 凡事必先难后易。 Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 心之所愿,无事不成。Where there is life, there is hope. 有生命必有希望。 I feel strongly that I can make it. 我坚信我一定能成功。 Better to light one candle than to curse the darkness. 与其诅咒黑暗,不如燃起蜡烛。 The shortest answer is doing. 最简短的回答就是行动。 Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more. 成功的秘诀就是四个简单的字:多一点点。(凡事比别人多一点点!多一点努力,多一点自律,多一点实践,多一点疯狂。多一点点就能创造奇迹!) DEFINITION OF CRAZINESS "Crazy" stands for the human spirit of transcending oneself. It stan ds for the single-minded pursuit of dreams. It stands for the total devotion to your work. I t stands for the passion of commitment to reach the goal. Once you have this craziness, you can achieve anything you want. Let alone learning English!疯狂的定义 "疯狂"代表着人类超越 自我的精神,代表着对理想的执着追求,代表着对事业忘我的全情投入,代表着不达目的绝不罢休的激情。人一旦有了这种疯狂,做任何事都可以成功,何况攻克英语! ALWAYS HAVE A DREAM Forget about the days when it's been cloudy, But don't forget your hours in the sun. Forget about the times you've been defeated, But don't forget the victories you 've won. Forget about the misfortunes you've encountered, But don't forget the times your lu ck has turned. Forget about the days when you've been lonely, But don't forget the friendly

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