高中语法定语从句的详细讲解

定语从句详解与练习

（一）定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词有when, where, why.

注意：关系代词与关系副词在定语从句中充当不同的句子成分，定语从句中缺主、宾、表，用关系代词；缺状语用关系副词，何为句子成分？

五大基本句

1. 主+ 谓（Vi）I come.

2. 主+ 谓（Vt）+ 宾I love you.

3. 主+ 谓（Vt）+ 间宾+ 直宾I give him a book.

4. 主+ 谓（Vt）+ 宾+ 宾补I make him happy.

5. 主+ 系+ 表I am tall.

（二）关系代词引导的定语从句

1．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语。

The house which is by the lake looks nice. （主）湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。

This is the pen（which）he bought yesterday. （宾）这是他昨天买的钢笔。

She was fond of dancing, which her brother never was. (表) 她喜欢跳舞,她弟弟从不喜欢。2．that 指人/ 物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。

The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.（人主）每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。

Where is the man（that）I saw this morning? （人宾）我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？

He is no longer a little boy that he used to be.（人表）他已经不再是以前那个小男孩儿了。The season that comes after spring is summer. （物主）春天以后的季节是夏季。

The person （that）you introduced to me is very kind.（物宾）你介绍给我的那个人很友好。

3. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (主) 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

He is the man（who）I talked about to you.（宾）他就是我给你提到的那位男士。

He is no longer the man who he used to be. (表) 他不再是以前的那个他了。

4．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。

5．whose 指人/ 物，在定语从句中作定语，表所属，“……的”

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. （人）我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. （物）我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。

特殊情况归纳总结

规则1：关系代词若在限制性定语从句中做宾语并且前面无介词时，关系代词可省略。

She is the woman (whom/ who/ that) I saw yesterday.

规则2：定语从句中的主谓一致

(1)关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致

I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you.

(2)one of + 复数名词+ 关系代词+ 复数动词

the only one of +复数名词+关系代词+单数动词，

Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam.

Tom is the only one of the boys who has passed the exam

(3)非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as 或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。

Great changes have taken place in China, as/ which is known to all.

规则3：定语从句中的关系代词只能用that 的情况

(1) 修饰词+ 先行词+ that

（the only, the very, any, few, the first, the best 等）

This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

(2) 先行词为不定代词+ that

(everything, something, nobody, none, all, few, any等)

All that can be done has been done.

Is there anything that you want to buy?

(3)Who/ Which(主句的主语)……+ that (避免重复)

Who is the man that is standing there?

Which is the book that you bought yesterday?

(4) 先行词（人+物）+ that

We talked about the books and writers that we knew.

(5)有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已经用了which,另一个则用that.

They have set up a company, which deals with the things that are related to environment protection.

(6)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时，只用that.

Hangzhou is no more the city that it used to be.

规则4：定语从句中关系代词只能用which 的情况

(1)在引导非限制性定语从句时

______, which/ who/ who…….

The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

(2) in / on/ from (介词) + which / whom

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

He is the boy from whom I borrowed the book.

(3) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已经用that,另一个则用which

规则5:指人时，定语从句中关系代词只能用who 的情况

(1)当先行词是anyone, those 时

Is there anyone who can help me?

(2) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已经用that,另一个则用who

规则6: whose 既可以指人又可以指物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。指物时，whose+名词=名词+of which= of which + 名词

The classroom whose door / the door of which / of which the door is broken is on the second floor. 规则7：as 和which的区别

(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有时还可以插入句中，意为“正如……,正像……”；which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，译成“这”As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.

Smoking is harmful to one’s health, as /which is known to all.

(2)特殊代词as 的用法

①. such……as……

I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using.

②so……as……

I have never seen so clever a boy as he (is).

③.the same ……as…… (表同一类)/ the same……that……（表同一个）

This is the same pen as I lost last week.这只笔跟我昨天掉的那支笔一样。

This is the same pen that I lost last week.这支笔就只我昨天掉的那支笔。

规则8：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，指人时用whom, 指物时用which

某些带有介词的动词短语，介词可以提至关系代词前，但在一些固定搭配的短语动词中，由于动词和介词不可以分割，不能将介词置于关系代词之前。如take care of, look for, look after, care for等。

He is the boy from whom I borrowed the book.

He is the boy whom I borrowed the book from.

This is the book which/ that I am looking for.

（三）关系副词引导的定语从句

1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；when=表示时间的介词（in/at/on/during…）+which.

I still remember the days when/during which I stayed in Beijing.(作状)

I still remember the days which/that we spent together.（作宾）

2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，where=表示地点的介词（in/at/on/under…）+which.

He showed me the place where/in which he lived.(作状)

This is the place which/that we visited last year.（作宾）

3. why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，why=表示原因的介词（for）+which

I don’t know the reason why/ for which he looks unhappy today. (作状)

The reason which/that you gave us was unacceptable. （作宾）

特殊情况归纳总结

规则1：the way 作先行词的时候，定语从句中不缺主、宾、表时，用in which, that, / 。定语从句中若缺主、宾、表，则用which, that。

The way (in which, that, /) he answered the questions was suprising.

The way (which , that) he explained to us was quiet simple.

规则2：一些特殊的先行词如situation, point, case, activity, scene, period, festival, occasion等

要注意具体情况具体分析，作主、宾、表时，用关系代词that/ which; 作状语时，用关系副词where/ when 或“介词+which”。

There is a point (that/ which) we must insist on.

We are just trying to reach a point (where/ at which) both sides will sit down together and talk.

注意：定语从句中的关系词选择规则：

作主、宾、表关系代词（which/that/who/whom/as）

作状语关系副词（where/when/why）

作定语关系代词（whose）

(四)定语从句和其他句型之间的区别

1. 定语从句与结果状语从句

He is such a good boy as everyone likes.

He is such a good boy that everyone likes him.

2. 非限制性定语从句与并列句

He said nothing, which made me angry.

He said nothing, and that made me angry.

There are two boys in Peter’s, both of whom are white.

There are two boys in Peter’s, and both of them are white.

3. 定语从句与地点状语从句

This kind of plant grows best at the place where it is warm and wet.

This kind of plant grows best where it is warm and wet.

4. 定语从句与名词性从句

As is known to us all, the light on the earth is given by the sun.

It is known to us all that the light on the earth is given by the sun.

What is known to us all is that the light on the earth is given by the sun.

5. 定语从句与强调句

It was a small village that / which we know.

It was in this small village that we got to know each other.

（五）检测:

(一)

1．This is the best factory ____we visited last year .

A. where

B. which

C. in which

D. that

2.Is this the factory ____computers are built ?

A. that

B. which

C. in which

D. in that

3.please pass me the dictionary ____cover is red .

A. whose

B.its

C. which

D. which of

4.The man ____has arrived .

A. whom I told you

B. that I told you

C. whom I told you about him

D. I told you about

5. Do you know the comrade ____we are talking ?

A. to whom

B. to who

C. whom

D. to that

6. They visited the house ___the great writer was born .

A. from where

B. in which

C. which

D. in where

7. The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .

A. whom

B. which

C. who

D. whose

8. He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class .

A. who

B. that

C. what

D. where

9. I’ll visit the professor tomorrow ,___he will be back fro m Shanghai .

A. who

B. that

C. when

D. which

10.The school ___I study is a new one .

A. on which

B. at where

C. on that

D. at which

11. China has many islands,____the largest is Taiwan .

A. in which

B. at which

C. which

D. of which

12. The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here .

A. what

B. where

C. that

D. which

13. Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north .

A. which

B. his

C. that

D. whose

14. Do you know the man ___your father nodded ?

A. whom

B. to whom

C. to who

D. about whom

15.Wrestling is a sport in ___people easily get hurt .

A. that

B. when

C. which

D. what

16. I told you ____I know .

A. all that

B. all which

C. all what

D. all whom

17.China has a lot of famous writers ,one ___is Lu Xun .

A. of which

B. of whom

C. of who

D. of them

18. Is this factory ____we visited last year ?

A. in which

B. around that

C. whom

D. the one

19. Who is the man ____was there ?

A. who

B. which

C. that

D. whom

20. Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir ?

A. that

B. which

C. whose

D. who

21. I still remember the day ____she first wore that green dress .

A. which

B. in which

C. on that

D. on which

22. The knife ____we used to cut the bread is very sharp .

A. with which

B. with it

C. with that

D. which

23. The games ____the young men competed in were difficult .

A. in which

B. which

C. it

D. who

24.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. that

B. which

C. as

D. it

25. George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing.

A. who

B. whom

C. he

D. which

26.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.

A.of whom

B.whom

C.of whose

D.whose

27.She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.

A.it

B.which

C.this

D.that

28.In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.

A.that

B.who

C.from whom

D.to whom

29.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.it

30.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.

A.which

B.where

C.that

D.when

31．Carol said the work would be done by October,______personally I doubt very much.

A. it

B.that

C.when

D.which

32．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.

A．who B．which C．this D．what

33.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.

A.which price C.the price of which

C.its price

D.the price of whose

34._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.

A.As

B.It

C.That

D.Which

35.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.

A.this

B.which

C.that

D.same

36.On the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue.

A.whose

B.of which

C.which

D.its

37.Whenever I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.when

38.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.there

39.The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.

A.in which

B.in that

C.in whose

D.whose

40.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.

A.the way

B.the way in that

C.the way which

D.the way of which

41.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .

A.It’s the reason

B.That’s why

C.There’s why

D.It’s how

42.He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.

A.which I think is

B.which I think it is

C.which I think it

D.I think which is

43.He was very rude to the customs officer, ____ of course made things even worse.

A.who

B.whom

C.what

D.whcih

44.There are three bedrooms in the house,_____ is Mary's.

A the smallest of which

B the smaller of which

C the smallest of them

D the smallest one

45.The Greens will move into the new house next Monday,_____ it will be completely finished.

A by the time

B by which time

C by that time

D by this time

46.Alice has a large collection of phone,_____ was taken in london.

A none of them

B no one of which

C all of which

D none of which

47.With the fast development of agriculture, the people ____ village I taught before lived a happy life.

A who

B whose

C in whose

D in which

48.There is a moutain ____ the top is always covered with snow.

A whose

B of which

C it's

D that

49.She may have missed her train, in ____ case she won't arrive for another hour.

A what

B that

C which

D this

50.There are two thousand students in our school,____ are girls.

A two-thirds in which

B two-thirds in them

C two-thirds of them

D of whom two thirds （二）

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.

A. Which

B. where

C. what

D. in which

2.Do you know the man _______?

A. whom I spoke

B. to who spoke

C. I spoke to

D. that I spoke

3.This is the hotel _______last month.

A. which they stayed

B. at that they stayed

C. where they stayed at

D. where they stayed

4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?

A. which

B. that

C. when

D. on which

5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.

A. which

B. on which

C. in which

D. when

6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.

A. where

B. to which

C. which

D. in which

7.Great changes have taken place in the factory ____we are working since then.

A. where

B. that

C. which

D. there

8.This is one of the best films _______.

A. that have been shown this year

B. that have shown

C. that has been shown this year

D. that you talked

9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?

A. about which you talked

B. which you talked

C. about that you talked

D. that you talked

10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.

A.with which

B.in which

C.on which

D.by which

11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.

A. whom

B. who

C. which

D. that

12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.

A.to whom

B.on whom

C.with which

D. with whom

13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?

A. who

B. who's

C. which

D. whose

14.I'm interested in ______you have said.

A. all that

B.all what

C. that

D. which

15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.

A. which

B. who

C. what

D. as

16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.

A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. as

17.He is good at English, ______we all know.

A. that

B. as

C. whom

D. what

18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.

A. I went with

B. with whom I went

C. with who I went

D.I went with him

19.I don't like ______ as you read.

A. the novels

B. the such novels

C. such novels

D. same novels

20.He talked a lot about things and persons _______they remembered in the school.

A. which

B. that

C. whom

D. what

21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.

A. which

B. that

C. whom

D. who

22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.

A. them

B. which

C. whom

D. who

23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.

A. who;/

B./; whom

C. whom;/

D./; who

24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.

A. whose title

B. its title

C. the title of it

D. the title of that

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/697413530.html,st summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.

A.for which

B.for that

C.in which D what

26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.

A. that

B. which

C. as

D. it

27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.

A.when; which

B.which; when

C.what; that

D.on which; when

28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.

A. which

B. whose

C. what

D./

29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.

A. in which

B. with which

C. that

D. for which

30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.

A.after which I have looked

B. which I have looked after

C. that I have looked after

D. I have looked after

31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.

A. why; that

B. that; why

C. for that; hat

D. for which; what

32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.

A.that

B.which

C.for which

D.who

33.That is not the way ______I do it.

A./

B.which

C.for which

D.with which

34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.

A. all of which

B. either of which

C. both of that

D. both of which

35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.

A.as was

B. which was

C.as were

D. which

36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.

A. who

B. which

C. that

D. it

37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.

A. that

B. which

C. from that

D. from which

38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.

A. that

B. which

C. who

D. as

39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.

A. /

B. why

C. when

D. whose

40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.

A. that

B. which

C. it

D. though

41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?

--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.

A.what; that

B. what; what

C. which; which

D. that; that

42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.

A.when; who

B.that; which

C. which; that

D. when; which

43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.

A.owns; are

B. owns; is

C. own; is

D. own; are

44. During the days ______, he worked as a servant at the Browns.

A.followed

B.following

C.to follow

D.that followed

45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?