高三英语一模汇编--summary

2018--2019学年高三英语一模概要写作汇编

The drug store was closing for the night and Alfred Higgins was about to go home when his new boss approached him.

“Empty your pockets please, Alfred,” Sam Carr demanded in a firm voice.

Alfred pretended to be shocked but he knew he’d been caught. From his coat he withdrew a make-up kit, a lipstick and two tubes of toothpaste.

“I’m disappointed in you, Alfred!” said the little gray-haired man.

“Sorry, Sir. Please forgive me. I’ve never done such a thing before.” Alfred lied, hoping to gain the old man’s sympathy.

Mr Carr’s brow furrowed (皱眉) as he reached for the phone, “Do you take me for a fool? Let’s see what the police have to say. But first I’ll call your mother and let her know her son is heading to jail.”

“Do whatever you want,” Alfred shot back, trying to sound big. But deep down he felt like a child. He imagined his mother rushing in, eyes burning with anger, maybe in tears. Yet he wanted her to come quickly before Mr. Carr called the police.

Mr. Carr was surprised when Mrs Higgins finally arrived. She was very calm, quiet and friendly. “Is Alfred in trouble?” she asked.

“He’s been stealing from the store,” the old man coolly replied.

Mrs. Higgins put out her hand and touched Mr. Carr’s arm with great gentleness as if she knew just how he felt. She spoke as if she did not want to cause him any more trouble. “What do you want to do, Mr. Carr?”

The woman’s calm and gentle manner disarmed the once-angry store-owner. “I was going to get a cop. But I don’t want to be cruel. Tell your son not to come back here again, and I’ll let it go.” Then he warmly shook Mrs. Higgins’s hand.

Mrs. Higgins thanked the old man for his kindness, then mother and son left. They walked along the street in silence. When they arrived home his mother simply said, “Go to bed, you fool.”

In his bedroom, Alfred heard his mother in the kitchen. He felt no shame, only pride in his mother’s actions. “She was smooth!” he thought. He went to the kitchen to tell her how great she was, but was shocked by what he saw.

His mother’s face looked frightened, broken. Not the cool, bright face he saw earlier. Her lips moved nervously. She looked very old. There were tears in her eyes.

This picture of his mother made him want to cry. He felt his youth ending. He saw all the troubles he brought her and the deep lines of worry in her grey face. He seemed to have never really seen his mother like that.

解析：作为一篇记叙文，首先需要弄清事件的主人公，事件发生的起因，经过，结果以及给人的启发。文章整件事的起因是主人公Alfred由于偷窃被老板当场抓住，要将其送往警察

局。在后续的过程中，其母亲赶到现场，通过其冷静、平静的处理方式打动了老板，最后成功地帮助Alfred摆脱困境。正当Alfred回到家为其母亲的表现赶到骄傲的时候，他看到一个无助失望害怕的母亲在默默地哭泣，内心深处被强烈的震撼到了，思想发生了一个质的转变，最终变得成熟起来，这是整片文章的升华。

参考答案：The story is about a boy maturing overnight. A drug store owner found something stolen by Alfred and called his mother. Surprisingly, the mother took this calmly and the boss decided to let this go. At home, he was about to show his pride in the mother’s calmness when he saw a deeply-worried mother, which greatly shocked him. (58 words)

A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colors and various shapes.

There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range, of natural and artificial foods—paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton，other insects, plants and animals Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.

Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.

Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective color. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised(伪装) like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen (青苔),a seed or some other natural object Some insects use bright, bold colors to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison. Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.

【答案】

Insects are expert at surviving than all other animal species for following reasons. First, their amazing adaptable ability allows them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. Moreover, insects have a great reproductive ability. The third reason is that they can use protective colors to protect them from their enemies.

Have you ever been involved in animal rescue? This is what happened to the Winter the dolphin. Winter was found off the coast of Florida in December of 2005. She was just a few months old, alone, and caught in a crab trap. The ropes from the trap were wrapped tightly around her body.

The fisherman who found her called for help, and the rescue team soon arrived. The ropes had cut off the blood circulation to her tail. She was badly hurt. Her rescuers didn't think she would survive. Hoping for a miracle and racing against time to save her, the rescuers transferred her to the Clearwater Marine Aquarium in Florida.

The doctors managed to save Winter, but sadly, not her tail. Hetail flukes were too damaged and had to be removed so Winter could live.

The little dolphin Winter survived against all odds, but she would never be able to swim normally without a tail. Thankfully the story doesn't end here. Winter was able to swim, but not very well. Because she didn't have a tail. She moved her body in a side-to-side motion like a shark. But doctors at the aquarium were worried that unconventional moment would hurt her spine.

Kevin Carroll heard Winter’s story and for thought he would could help. He is a specialist who designs and provides prostheses for people. If he could help people, why not help a dolphin? He started working with Winter and came up with a solution for the new fluke and tail section Kevin designed a stretchy sleeve to fit winter’s body and protect her skin. Then a tail made of silicone and plastic was made to tightly fit over the sleeve. Now winter can swim like other dolphins. And she is a great inspiration to people who struggle with their own injuries.

【答案】：It is about an inspiring rescuing a dolphin Winter found trapped in ropes by a fisherman. （要点一）Badly injured, she had to be transferred to an aquarium where doctors saved her but her damaged tail was removed. （要点三）Luckily, a specialist Kevin designed an artificial tail for her, helping her swim normally again.(51words)

【解析】

要点一（Ph1）第一自然段为导入部分。交代了故事发生的背景，简述一个拯救海豚的故事。要点二（Ph2-5）讲述了海豚Winter受伤严重，医生想要救她但她没有了尾巴。

要点三（Ph5-6）讲述了专家Kevin给海豚设计了人工尾巴让Winter能像其他海豚一样正常游泳。

Take Care of Your Spine (脊柱)

The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the

rest of your body to your brain. Therefore, it’s important to take care of it.

Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you’re asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn’t comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day.

Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Staying still for too long—even if your posture is good—can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch periodically. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions. Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine.

Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement (补充物). Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones, but it’s also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.

【答案】

Central to health, your spine needs your good care. First, keep a good posture, including standing or sitting straight and sleeping on your side in a comfortable bed. Second, avoid keeping a same posture for long and take proper exercise to relax and strengthen spine muscles. Third, have a diet with enough vitamins for healthy bones and nerves. (58 words)

【分析】

1.要点中需要包括① your spine needs your good care；②需要给出保护脊椎的3个具体措施，即keep a good posture; Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine; Your diet also affects the health of your spine.

Curiosity Is an Increasingly Rare Virtue

Most of the breakthrough discoveries and remarkable inventions throughout history, from flints(打火石) for starting a fire to self-driving cars, have something in common: They are the result of curiosity. But the journalist Ian Leslie, in his newly-published book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It, insists that curiosity is a much overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and we are losing it.

Leslie presents considerable evidence for the claim that the society as a whole is growing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader’s borders.

Indeed, Google, for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent whipping boy(替罪羊): we seek only the information we want. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie.

Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship(企业家精神). Worse still, that lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.

Fortunately, some strategies can be employed to develop curiosity: If you just accept the world as it is without trying to dig deeper, you will certainly lose the ‘holy curiosity’. Of course, one effective way to dig deeper beneath the surface is asking questions: What is that? Why is it made that way? Who invented it? How does it work? And if you see learning as a burden, there’s no way you will want to dig deeper into anything. That will just make the burden heavier. But if you think of leaning as something fun, you will naturally want to dig deeper.

Answer: Although curiosity is essential to human’s success, it’s gradually neglected/increasingly rare now. Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to people’s declining curiosity. What’s more, lacking curiosity costs people innovation, entrepreneurship and even knowledge. Therefore, we should keep asking questions to dig deeper and not see it as a burden.

(55 words)

Sport Tourism

Tourism is the world’s largest industry and is predicted to grow well into the years to come. Increasingly, the economic importance of tourism has been recognized by governments around the world. At the same time, the tourism industry has become more complicated in its development and marketing new forms of tourism. One of the fastest growing parts of the tourism industry is travel related to sport and physical activity. A recent survey found that while the traditional beach and sight-seeing vacations continue to predominate, 22% of those surveyed reported that opportunities to participate in sports were important when selecting a vacation.

The term sport tourism has been adopted in recent years to describe sport-related leisure travel. It is generally recognized that three are three broad categories of sport tourism. The first category. Watching sporting events or Sports Event Tourism includes hallmark events such as FIFA World Cup Football Championships, and the Olympic games. Tournament sponsored by the Professional Golf Association or the World Tennis Association are also part of the spectator-centered sector of sport tourism.

The second type of sport tourism, celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism involves visiting famous sports-related attractions. Visits of the sports halls of fame fall into this category. Another form of celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism that has emerged in recent years is meeting famous

sports personalities. The cruise industry has been experienced in this area. Sports theme cruise such as “the NBA basketball cruise” arrange for passengers to meet personalities from sports while on board.

Active participation is the third category of sports tourism. This is composed of individuals who travel to participate in golf, skiing, and tennis in particular, although other sports such as fishing, and scuba diving are popular in the US.

Answer：

The tourism industry is developing fast/ prosperously with different forms, among which sport tourism grows fastest. Sport tourism is defined as travel related to sport/physical activities and consists of/includes three main categories. The first is watching sport events/games. The second includes visiting famous sports-related attractions/places and meeting well-known/famous sports people/personalities. And the third is active participation. (52words)

Take care of your spine (脊柱)

The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Since your spine is so central to health, it's important to look after it.

Maintain good posture (姿势)is one of the most important things you can do to keep you spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you're asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Staying still for too long----even if your posture is good---can be hard on your back. Especially if you look at a desk most of the day, it's important to get up and stretch periodically.

Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better arrangement. Strength exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don't overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can strain the muscles around your spine.

Finally, your diet affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement. Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones. Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it's also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.

Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are identical to those need to preserve your health in other ways. So protect our back, and the rest of body will benefit.

Answer:

How can you keep your spine healthy to enjoy a better life? First, avoid poor posture and long-time motionlessness when standing, sitting or sleeping. Second, do some stretching and strengthening exercises but avoid overtraining. Finally, have a multi-vitamin diet for healthy bones and nerves with vitamin supplements if necessary and exposure to the sun.

Gossip

“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.

With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.”

Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip and I have noticed the effects of gossip.

An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, trouble at home—that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.

If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”. In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority.

Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. For instance, if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.

The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have. Answer:

Gossip is very common and it has three effects. Gossipers hurt people by exposing shameful secrets or lies about the victim. Gossip also gives gossipers satisfaction for gossip makes them feel superior and part of the group. Social pressures resulted from gossip make people watch their behavior and conform to the group. People should consider the effects before gossiping.

So, when you picked up a few things in a supermarket, a guy ran his cart over your toe with no apology. By the time when a fellow motorist had cut you off in traffic, with a rude hand gesture or two, wasn't it a relief to get to the office?

The answer is a definite yes. It is found that most American people today think public rudeness is on the rise, and most see that as a “major problem”. Moreover, it's getting worse. Last year, people reported encountering an average of 6.2 instances per week of evil behavior. This year, the number had shot up to 10.6.

The exception, it seems, is the Workshops. More than 90% of us see companies offices as what is immune（免疫）to social bad manners. Workplaces are getting more civil in many people's eyes. The reported cases of office incivility this year declined to 0.29%-markedly lower than cases of running into rudeness online (39%), or while driving (also39%).

Of course, less-than-polite driving or letting loose with an online conduct code is, after all, unlikely to cost anyone his next raise or promotion. However, being on one's best behavior in any professional field is generally a common-sense career awareness for anyone seeking job development.

But there’s more to it. Trends in how companies operate seem to have the welcome effect of encouraging coworkers to play nice. CEOS, and managers at all levels，are now keen on cooperation. They are trying to build a ‘Best Places to Work’ culture，to attract the best available talents. This emphasis on co-working atmosphere really requires civil interactions between people.

Nonetheless, a significant number of employees believe there’s more to be done. Asked what changes they’d like to see，62％hope that “civility training will be continued”, looking for bigger progress in the workplace manners.

Answer:

Workplace is more polite than other public places in today’s America. People complain about the ever-worsening problem of public incivility. In contrast, the workplace is almost rudeness-free. Good workplace manners are partly out of self-interest for professional prospects. Companies’ focus on teamwork culture is also a reason. However, room for manner improvement in workplaces still exists according to many workers.

As is known to all, many things can be measured in terms of data. Sometimes data can indeed tell the truth. With the help of data we can easily know the price of a can of Coke in the supermarket or the result of a football match or the temperature of a certain day. Obviously, data can make our life easier and more comfortable.What is more important, data seem to be fairer than words or statements. If the data are true, we don’t have to worry about being cheated. Nowadays, as lies exist in the world, data are expected to tell the truth. Therefore, many of us would rather believe data.

On the other hand, if we judge things only by data from the so-called specific research, aren’t we a little too narrow-minded? Many people often treat the so-called specific data unwisely just to make sure that they are making the right decisions. But sometimes we may find that data aren’t everything.For example, how can you tell that somebody isn’t a good student just because he or she doesn’t get high marks in the final examination?

There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data. For example, the degree of your feeling happy in your life, the depth of love between you and your friends, and the faith you have in your country. We can only feel them in our hearts but can never express them in data.

There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event. But data should be dealt with wisely. We often get wrong data which mislead us. We should try our best to be wise thinkers.Remember, data have no feeling but we humans have. Data do not mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false.

Data are data after all. Life is much more colorful than the pale data. So give the cold data a warm heart and we’ll find that the world is far more wonderful than the pale data can describe. Answer:

People believe data because it make our life easier and comfortable and because data seems to be fair. However, it’s unwise to rely too much on data. Firstly, sometimes data only tells half the truth. Secondly, not everything can be valued by data. Lastly, wrong data may prevent us from making a good judgment.

Online Pharmacy (药店) : A Foreseeable Trend

Online pharmacies may replace corner drugstores in the future, which would be of benefit to all of us. Sadly, current Federal Drug Administration(FDA) restrictions prevent many Americans from gaining access to the medicines they require online. Fortunately, online pharmacies offer these drugs and provide patients with more treatment options at lower prices. Those calling for the restrictions are wrong. Online pharmacies are crucial to numerous people.

While some drugs sold online aren’t FDA-approved, customers shouldn’t be prevented from buying them. Many of the herbal remedy(草药) online pharmacies offer have been used for hundreds of years, especially in Asian countries, and they have strong safety records. Other medicines may come from foreign countries, but they aren’t harming the people who use them in their own countries. Take depression pills as an example. It has been used safely for many years in France and other European countries, yet it’s just now being tested in the U.S.

Nowadays, just getting in to see a doctor seems to take forever, not to mention the time and money to get tests done and await the results. Thanks to the Internet, customers now know more

about available medicines than ever before and are therefore able to take them without having to consult a doctor. The Internet, after all, is filled with information about all kinds of drugs. Much of it has even been written by doctors and pharmaceutical companies themselves.

Another issue to consider is money. Health care costs in America are rising every year, and pharmaceutical companies are making billions. Online pharmacies typically sell their drugs at lower prices than hospital pharmacies and corner drugstores. Consumers shouldn’t be blamed for seeking cheaper alternatives and refusing to line the pockets of already wealthy companies and stores. Answer：

Despite the current FDA restrictions, online pharmacies are important. They shouldn’t be banned because medicines are tested safe in real life or other countries. People have better access to online medical information to treat themselves, saving the trouble of seeing a doctor. They t urn to online pharmacies because of the lower prices. （52 words）

All Must Have Degrees

In a classroom in Seoul a group of teenagers sit over their desks in total silence. Study begins at eight in the morning and ends at half past four in the afternoon. And some even go back home at midnight. Like thousands of South Koreans, they are preparing for the important exam, which will largely determine whether they go to a good university or not. Degrees have become useful. Seventy percent of students who graduate from the country’s secondary schools now go straight to universities.

Many more countries have seen a big rise in the share of young people with degrees, but South Korea is an extreme case. As technological reforms require workers to do many difficult and demanding jobs that they would not have done before, there seems to be reasonable to insist that more workers receive a good education than before. And a degree is an obvious way for bright youngsters From poor families to prove their abilities. People tend to earn more if they have degrees.

Employers do not have to pay for higher education and they are increasingly able to demand degrees to screen out the least motivated or capable. A recent study by Joseph Fuller and Manjari Romaan of Harvard Business School shows that companies routinely require applicants to have degrees, even though only a minority of those already working in the role have them.

The Economist’s analysis found that between 1970 and 2015, the proportion of 256 workers aged 25-64 with at least a bachelor’s degree increased. Some of them are highly intellectually demanding jobs, such as aviation engineers. Others are non-graduate jobs such as waiting tables. Sixteen percent of waiters now have degrees, because probably in most cases they could not find jobs and live poorly. Today, having a degree is usually an entry requirement.

Answer:

In South Korea, the young study hard to get degrees for three reasons. Firstly, the rapidly changing technology is challenging, so employers care more about the education of workers. Having a degree is a must. Secondly, with degrees, the youngsters from poor families can demonstrate their abilities. Lastly, people can earn more money. Without degrees, their life will be difficult.

To Friend or Unfriend

Social networking makes it very easy to have friends – lots and lots friends. Hundreds or millions of people have joined QQ, Wechat, and other sites so that they can communicate with friends online. However, the meaning of the word “friend” seems changed. In the past, a friend was someone you had a close personal relationship with. Now, anyone in the world can be your friend online! Some people have thousands of cyber friends, but what do you do if you don’t want to have so many friends?

Easy! You can dump an unwanted friend with just one click of your mouse. in recent years, it has become so common to get rid of friends in this way that there is a new word to describe it – to “unfriend”. The new Oxford American Dictionary named it word of the Year in 2009 and defined it like this: “to remove someone as a ‘friend’ from social networking site”. But why would you want to do such a thing as unfriending someone?

The most common reason for unfriending someone is to eliminate annoying people from your social life. For example, some friends post messages much too frequently, especially those messages found to be extremely boring. They endlessly post status updates which say something like “I’m cooking dinner” or “I’m doing homework”. Another reason for unfriending someone is disagreement about world issues. A third reason is to get rid of people who write dirty things on social websites.

Although dumping friends is not just an Internet phenomenon, far more online friendships end suddenly than off-line ones. Even in this computer age, it remains true that many people prefer spending time together face-to face. After all, that’s what friends are for!

【答案】

“Unfriend”, defined as removing someone as a friend, becomes a common practice and there are several reasons for it. First, those people who always post uninteresting staffs are likely to be unfriended. Besides, writing dirty things or opinions on world issues may cause others to get rid of you. So it is true that people prefer off-lines friends to online ones.

【分析】

1.要点中需要包括①文章主要的说明对象—— unfriend这样一种现象②需要介绍不同的删除好友的理由③总结。

2.容易出现的问题是①未能抓住文章的主旨大意；②缺乏逻辑，文章整体思路混乱。

What started as a race to space between the United States and Russia has turned out to be a technological revolution that has greatly improved the quality of daily life throughout the world. Scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have invented new technology to make space flights doable. The same technology, when applied on Earth, has produced thousands of products in the areas of health and sports that have significant impacts on our lives.

Many of these improvements are in the fields of health and medicine. NASA-inspired technology fueled the great advances in the early detection of deadly diseases. For instance, computer chips designed for the Hubble telescope are used in digital imaging devices that help medical professionals detect cancer at very early stages. Eye doctors can now diagnose vision problems in very young children by using ocular screening. Ultrasound scanners, portable x-ray devices, and bone analyzers are among the medical devices developed with the help of space technology.

Fogless ski goggles and special sportswear are among the hundreds of items of sports equipment inspired by NASA technology. Space technology has been applied to sports too. The running shoes that athletes use today have midsoles that act like shock absorbers and keep the runners steady while in motion. These shoes utilize the technology NASA used to design the moon boot. In golf, athletes use a new ball that employs NASA research on how to make the flight of the ball from the tee to the green faster and more accurate. In swimming, athletes can swim faster because of NASA-developed riblets in the fabric of their swimsuits.

Almost all aspects of daily life continue to improve because NASA scientists are still at work. Transportation, methods of preparing food, and work environments are other ways in which NASA technology has made significant changes.

Answer:

The technologies innovated to meet the demand of space flights are also employed in people’s daily life. For instance, in health, some technology is adopted to detect early cancer, or diagnose eye diseases. In sports, some technology is applied to manufacture sports shoes to keep athletes running steadily, or to make swimsuits for athletes to swim faster.

When we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes, many of us often think:” I’m going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!” But however determined we are, chances are that we don’t stick to our promise. This behavior is called “bedtime procrastination（拖延症）”.

According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in

the Netherlands in 2014, bedtime procrastination is a common problem. In their study, 53 percent of the 2,400 participants said they didn’t follow their sleep schedule, delaying it at least twice a week.

It’s found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late, but they couldn’t stop doing other unimportant things, which were keeping them up in the first place.

“People who generally have trouble resisting temptations and sticking to their intentions are more likely to delay going to bed.” Floor Kroese, a psychologist at Utrecht University, further explained to HuffPost.

Yet, according to scientists, lack of self-control is not the only thing to blame. Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bed time. In order to check the influence of the body clock on sleep, psychologists at Ulm University in Germany studied the sleep patterns of 108 people in February. It was found that those who get up late are more likely to postpone their bedtime than those who wake early every morning.

“The intention to go to bed earlier is not enough,” Jane Kuhnel, a psychologist at Ulm University, concluded in Popular Science. “Biological processes need to support this intention.”

People always think that bedtime procrastination isn’t a big problem, but as Kroese told Popular Science, “the choices we make that affect out sleep could turn out to be pretty important for our health.”

Answer:

Two studies carried out separately in Netherlands and Germany find that lack of self-control and the influence of body clock on sleep are to blame for “bedtime procrastination”, the behavior of delaying going to bed. Psychologists reached the conclusion by following participants ‘ sleep schedule and studying sleep patterns .They warn that bedtime procrastination is potentially bad for health .(58)

上海市虹口区2019届高三英语一模

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松江区2019 学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷 高三英语 （满分140 分，完卷时间120 分钟）2019.12 考生注意： 1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择 题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、学校和考号。 3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A （10分） Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Leave the errors in the paper. B. Let the woman use the typewriter. C. Read the newspaper again. D. Check the paper for mistakes. 2. A. It takes time for her to learn new things. B. She should have been informed earlier. C. She won’t attend the meeting. D. She has made preparations for the meeting. 3. A. American students are not talkative in class. B. Being talkative in class means active participation. C. She thinks highly of her experience in the American school. D. One can participate in class activities in different ways. 4. A. Crying. B. Talking loudly. C. Watching TV. D. Having a walk. 5. A. It is the only property she has. B. Her father asked her not to sell it. C. She inherited it from her father. D. Her father has nowhere to live after selling it. 6. A. No one knows how to get it to work. B. It won the match in the company. C. It is second to none in communication. D. It works more efficiently than any employee. 高三英语第1 页共16 页