2019-2020学年江苏省南通中学高三(上)期中英语试卷

2019-2020学年江苏省南通中学高三（上）期中英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）

A

From 16th to 27th March 2019 the ATOM Festival wants to show you that science is definitely

for you．ATOM takes place in Abingdon，one of the UK's "Science Capitals" sitting at the heart of British Science between Culham，Harwell and Oxford．

ATOM 2019 begins with five leading scientists，engineers and educators taking up our "Three

Million Dollar Challenge"- solving the big challenge of how to get more people into science

and technology．

As well as showcasing inspiring speakers - including BBC science presenter and mathematician Dr Hannah Fry - this year sees a broader range of formats and events than ever before，and much of it is free thanks to our sponsors and supporters：the Science Market，the Family Science Fair，the Discovery Dome，family shows，lectures，stand-up science

comedy and film screenings．Working through the Abingdon Science Partnership your local school will also have been offered the chance to join in one of our competitions．On the fiftieth anniversary of the first moon landing，we've gathered together science fiction authors to imagine our future in space．

Ticket Prices

If you are planning to go to several events，take a moment to consider our Festival Pass，20．Once purchased，the pass entitles the holder to attend all the festival events at costing ￡

no further cost．

Passes do not include refreshments which must be purchased separately at the venue．Passes cannot be used by more than one person．There is no under-18s Festival Pass．Due to separate ticketing arrangements this Pass is not valid for the Apollo 13 Film Show at Abbey Cinema．

1.What is one of the attractions of this year's ATOM Festival？______

A. It lasts longer than ever before．

B. Visitors can experience more diverse events．

C. It takes place in Oxford University for the first time．

D. Some astronauts will be present in memory of the moon landing．

2.What can we learn about Festival Passes？______

A. They offer no discounts for teenagers．

B. They can be used jointly by family members．

C. They give group visitors access to free refreshments．

D. They allow holders to watch the Apollo 13 Film Show．

B

Fireflies flash not just for mating （交配），but survival，a new study suggests．Scientists wanted to find out if there's more to the lightning bug's signature blinking glow （一闪一闪的

亮光）than finding a mate．Some experts had assumed it was a glaring signal to predators （捕食者），like bats，that fireflies taste bad．

To test out whether the glow acted like that，researchers at Boise State University in Idaho put bats and fireflies in front of high-speed cameras．They published their results in Wednesday's journal Science Advances．

The painstaking experiment required researchers to introduce western bats，which had never seen lightning bugs before，to the insects．Later，they hand-painted firefly bellies black，

turning off their night lights but avoiding the holes the insects breathe through．When the bats first saw the unfamiliar lit-up fireflies，they acted excitedly and ate a lot of the bugs，only to get a bad taste in their mouths．"They shake their heads and spit and generally hate their caretakers for giving them such a rude meal，" said study author Jesse Barber， a Boise State biology professor and author of the study．After a few tries，the bats then avoided the glowing fireflies．Despite the popular misconception，bats aren't blind，a study author noted．

Once the fireflies essentially taught bats that they taste bad，Barber and his colleagues introduced the darkened fireflies．About 40 percent of the painted ones were eaten，while none of the normal fireflies were eaten．Researchers also think the way lightning bugs fly signals what they are．To test that they put fireflies on fishing lines and the bats went after them，despite already knowing that fireflies don't taste good．The results make sense and are valuable，said Nick Dowdy， a Purdue University researcher in Indiana，who was not involved in the study．

Scientists already knew that fireflies have distinctive flash patterns that tell others who they are and where they are．And some females prefer males that flash at higher rates，according to study co-author Marc Branham of University of Florida．Barber noted that even in their larval （幼虫）stage，the bugs glow and don't get eaten．So he theorized that when it comes to evolution，fireflies' glowing trait（特点）may have developed first as protection from predators and later became a mating signal．

So，Barber said，"Bats may have invented fireflies．"

3.The purpose of the researchers' study is to see ______

A. whether fireflies flash to warn their predators away

B. how fireflies react to high-speed cameras

C. how fireflies flash to attract a mate

D. when fireflies make a bright light

4.Why did the researchers put fireflies on fishing lines？______

A. To hide their flashes．

B. To make them fly faster．

C. To make them more energetic．

D. To change their flying patterns．

5.What does Barber mean in the last paragraph？______

A. Bats have influenced fireflies' evolution．

B. Bats and fireflies depend on each other．

C. Bats have similar traits to fireflies．

D. Bats tend to avoid larval fireflies．

C

You have probably read about robots replacing human labor as automation takes root in one industry after another．But a new report suggests humans are not the only ones who might lose their jobs．

In New Zealand，farmers are using drones（无人机）to herd（放牧）and monitor livestock （牲畜），assuming a job that highly intelligent dogs have held for more than a century．The robots have appropriated one of the animal's effective tools：barking，Radio New Zealand

reports．The DJI Mavic Enterprise，a﹩3，500 drone favored by farmers，has a feature that

lets the machine record sounds and play them over a loud speaker，giving the machine the ability to imitate its canine counterparts．

Corey Lambeth， a shepherd on a sheep and beef farm，told RNZ the machines are

surprisingly effective．"That's the one thing I've noticed when you're moving cows and calves：the old cows stand up to the dogs，but with the drones，they've never done that．" he said．That means the drones move livestock faster，with less stress，than the dogs do．

Farmers told RNZ the drones come in handy for more than just herding cows and sheep．The robots allow farmers to monitor their land from afar，monitoring water and feed levels and checking on livestock health without disturbing the animals．

Jason Rentoul told RNZ last spring that a two-hour herding job that used to require two people and two teams of dogs could be accomplished in 45 minutes using a single drone．"Being a hilly farm where a lot of stuff is done on foot，the drones really saved a lot of man hours，" he said．"The drone does the higher bits that you can't see （from the ground）．Before using drones，you would （otherwise）have to walk half an hour to go and have a look and then say，"Oh，there are no sheep here．"

Farmers all over the world are using drones．In South Africa，they monitor crop health from above，which boosts harvests，according to CNN．In California，winemakers use drones equipped with sensors to grow healthier grapes，according to MIT Technology Review．Because drones fly closer to the ground，they are able to provide high-resolution images that are less expensive than hiring someone to fly over a field in a manned aircraft，the publication reported．

For now，farmers in New Zealand say，some dogs are already learning to work alongside drones，identifying the machines as more co-worker than enemy．Besides，there is still a need for herding dogs，primarily because they have a longer life span than drones，can work in bad weather and do not require an electrical socket （插座）every few hours to recharge．

6.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably refers to" ______ "．

A. farmers' order

B. dogs' barking

C. the call of sheep

D. the sound of loud speakers

7.What's the advantage of drones according to the farmers？______

A. They can be purchased at a low price．

B. They put less stress on livestock．

C. They can do more than one task efficiently．

D. They help them monitor weather conditions．

8.What does Paragraph 6 mainly talk about？______

A. The secret to harvesting healthier grapes．

B. The application of drones in global agriculture．

C. How drones provide less expensive but clearer images．

D. Why manned aircraft are losing appeal for

9.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______ ．

A. drones function normally in extreme weather

B. farmers are troubled by where to charge drones

C. the herding dogs show no enthusiasm to drones

D. drones cannot replace dogs entirely at the moment

D

The outstanding biography - from the same author who brought us Steve Jobs and Einstein

-portrays the life of the complicated Renaissance （文艺复兴时期的）artist with details．We come to see da Vinci as not only an inventor of musical instruments and early flying machines，but also a notebook keeper and vegetarian （素食者），who had trouble finishing many of the projects and paintings he started．

Yet what is most thrilling is getting to know da Vinci the scientist．Isaacson explains how

loving science and applying the scientific method to observing the world was really what made da Vinci a great artist and，Isaacson argues， a genius．

Da Vinci was fascinated with observing and understanding phenomena in nature，from the proportions of the human body to how the muscles of the lips moved．He wanted to know about everything around him，in minute detail，Isaacson writes．He wondered about questions "most people over the age of ten no longer puzzle about"- for instance，how the tongue of a woodpecker works．

To learn about the world，da Vinci combined his own observations with experimentation．Never formally schooled，"he preferred to induce from experiments rather than deduce from theoretical principles，" Isaacson explains．He recorded his observations，looked for patterns among them，and then tested those patterns through additional observation and experimentation．

When he became fascinated with the idea that he could invent flying machines，three and a half centuries before the Wright brothers flew the first airplane，he observed various birds and filled notebooks with the function and speed at which their wings flapped．That's why Isaacson calls da Vinci an exemplar of this scientific method．"He goes on："Galileo，born 112 years after Leonardo，is usually credited with being the first to develop this kind of approach and is often regarded as the father of modern science，" the historian Fritjof Capra wrote．"There can be no doubt that this honor would have been bestowed （赐予）on Leonardo da Vinci had he published his scientific writings during his lifetime，or had his notebooks been widely studied soon after his death．"

Da Vinci's emphasis on empirical observation also helped him improve his art．First，he was able to use what he learned from looking at nature to paint and draw．His studies of the body，animals，motion，shadow and light，perspective and proportion helped him better understand what he was seeing in front of him，and render it in art more accurately and finely than anyone else of his time．He also used his observations of nature to make connections among phenomena．A recorder （竖笛）was like a larynx（喉管）in the throat．Here's Isaacson again：What Leonardo probably began as four distinct elements ended up woven together in a way that illustrates a fundamental theme in his art and science：the interconnectedness of nature，the unity of its patterns，and the similarity between the workings of the human body and those of the earth．

Most importantly，his curiosity-driven explorations，and ability to connect art and science，helped him innovate in his work．They helped him think differently，Isaacson argues．Da Vinci made surprisingly diverse series of discoveries，including conceptualizing the helicopter and solar power and advancing knowledge about everything from the reproductive organs to botany．This genius is also what drew Isaacson to Albert Einstein and Steve Jobs as subjects：They're all innovators who were inspired by and drew connections between art and science．

"Leonardo da Vinci is the ultimate example of the main theme of my previous biographies：how the ability to make connections across disciplines - arts and sciences，humanities and technology - is a key to innovation，imagination，and genius，" Isaacson writes．And this wonderful book is a reminder，in a time of increasingly narrow specialization and focus，that the methods of Renaissance men like da Vinci are as relevant as ever．

10.What is the highlight of da Vinci's biography？______

A. His unfinished paintings．

B. His preference for vegetables．

C. His spirit of exploring science．

D. His opposition to formal education．

11.What made da Vinci's thinking different from others？______

A. He was used to skipping school．

B. He kept his childhood's sense of curiosity．

C. He was filled with ambition to become an artist and inventor．

D. He developed a fascination with historical novels．

12.Why does Isaacson mention Galileo in the book？______

A. To introduce his important findings．

B. To memorize the father of modern science．

C. To show the prejudice faced by da Vinci during his lifetime．

D. To illustrate the significance of da Vinci's research method．

13.The underlined word "render" in Paragraph 6 can be replaced by" ______ "．

A. express

B. mix

C. confirm

D. associate

14.What does Isaacson think of the methods of Renaissance men？______

A. They are too complicated to understand．

B. They focus on the workings of the human body．

C. They are more accurate than modern methods．

D. They still apply to contemporary scientific research．

15.What might be the best title for the passage？______

A. How a Genius Changed the World

B. The Features of Renaissance Art

C. How Science Shaped His Art

D. The Comparison between Induction and Deduction

二、单选题（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）

16.As a neighbor of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area，Guangxi is

_____ the attraction of foreign investment to help build a high-quality economy．（）

A. prioritizing

B. providing

C. prohibiting

D. purchasing

17.She is now determined to push further and keep on going she once felt like giving

up．（）

A. where

B. as

C. in case

D. now that

18.This company _____ roundly by unionists and social justice groups when it fired a

number of workers for no reason a decade ago．（）

A. condemned

B. has condemned

C. has been condemned

D. was condemned

19.Some apps on mobile phones have reportedly collected the phone owners' information

without their _____，even without their knowledge．（）

A. contact

B. consent

C. contrast

D. content

20.At the right depth，these bloodfilled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin，

only______ them look blue by comparison．（）

A. making

B. having made

C. to make

D. to have made

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5d19071924.html,ually newborn babies can ______ between a man's and a woman's voice．（）

A. squeeze

B. trap

C. inspect

D. discriminate

22.China will _____ AI courses to be offered at primary and secondary schools to let children

keep pace with the times．（）

A. compensate for

B. hunt for

C. make for

D. push for

23.The road began sinking some months back，with dips becoming _____ in the road．（）

A. apparent

B. arbitrary

C. approximate

D. ample

24.She ______ to clean out the spare room last week，but it was much too occupied at that

time．（）

A. intended

B. was intended

C. had intended

D. was intending

25.She wouldn't have flown off the handle _____the fact that you didn't intend to hurt

her．（）

A. were she to know

B. had she known

C. did she know

D. should she have known

26.Unfortunately，Puccini died of a heart attack ______ he completed this final scene，and

it had to be completed by one of his former students，Franco Alfano．'（）

A. when

B. before

C. after

D. since

27.When asked about their opinion about the schoolmaster，

many teachers would prefer to see him step aside younger men．（）

A. in terms of

B. in need of

C. in favor of

D. in praise of

28.The manager said that not one mistake _____ to see reported to him in the following

month．（）

A. would he want

B. had he wanted

C. he would want

D. he had wanted

29. A man ought to follow his heart when reading，or _____ he reads as a task will do him

little good．（）

A. that

B. how

C. why

D. what

30.Sorry for failing to get what you wanted．He kept silent about the matter except saying

______．（）

A. that's his feet of clay

B. a little bird told him

C. he wanted to kill the fatted calf

D. he was the salt of the earth

三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共20.0分）

On a freezing December afternoon，Tyler Freburger was standing in front of a set of mirrors wearing a suit picked out for him by a tailor to attend a funeral．As a homeless veteran （老兵）living in Baltimore，Mr．Freburger would usually have difficulty (31)such an outfit （一套衣服），especially one selected for him (32)．But in this instance，he was (33)the nonprofit Sharp Dressed Man．

Since 2011，the organization has been helping men improve their lives by (34)them for job interviews and other (35)with well-fitting suits．This is not a "grab any jacket off the rack （架子）" kind of experience；(36)，the nonprofit provides a "measure-to-fit"，personalized styling experience．The nonprofit was (37)by clothing designer Christopher Schafer．He opened a shop in downtown Baltimore not long after (38)from London，where he learned the art of (39)and design．Once when Schafer was (40)some custom suits to a customer，he was (41)handed two bags of gently (42)suits in return．

"He said I (43) him with how I made his custom suits fit，and he couldn't wear his old suits anymore．" Schafer found a nonprofit that would (44)the suits，but as time went on，more of his (45)did the same thing．At the suggestion of a friend，he decided to found his own nonprofit，Sharp Dressed Man．

The organization's space (46)a traditional men's clothing store，(47)with volunteer tailors and racks of clothing．It's open one day a week for those who have been referred．

Schafer sees the nonprofit as filling the (48)between job training and the (49)required for a person to land a job．"If you treat a guy with (50)，he has a better chance of treating himself with it，" he says．

31. A. sorting B. storing C. sewing D. securing

32. A. automatically B. personally C. partly D. generally

33. A. appointed to B. accustomed to C. referred to D. opposed to

34. A. promoting B. arranging C. rewarding D. equipping

35. A. occasions B. discounts C. benefits D. systems

36. A. thus B. meanwhile C. otherwise D. instead

37. A. found B. launched C. surrounded D. shifted

38. A. escaping B. returning C. differing D. hearing

39. A. counting B. transporting C. measuring D. packing

40. A. delivering B. ordering C. folding D. advertising

41. A. naturally B. doubtfully C. urgently D. unexpectedly

42. A. donated B. alternative C. worn D. clumsy

43. A. bothered B. spoiled C. discouraged D. interrupted

44. A. exhibit B. possess C. accept D. clean

45. A. relatives B. designers C. clerks D. clients

46. A. suits B. threatens C. resembles D. strengthens

47. A. adequate B. complete C. economic D. complicated

48. A. hardship B. relationship C. gap D. position

49. A. status B. feel C. talent D. look

50. A. dignity B. curiosity C. honesty D. caution

四、任务型阅读（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）

51.Anxiety is a typical human reaction to stress．But too much anxiety can get in the way of

living a healthy，happy life．If you feel caught up in your anxiety，try one or a few of the following exercises anytime and anywhere to find relief．

When you're feeling anxious，you might notice that your heart rate and breathing get a bit faster．First，you should sit in a quiet and comfortable place．Put one of your hands on your chest and the other on your stomach．

Then take a slow and regular breath in through your nose．Watch and sense your hands as you breathe in．The hand on your chest should remain still while the hand on your stomach will move slightly．Breathe out through your mouth slowly．Repeat this process at least

10 times or until you begin to feel relaxed．

If it doesn't work，try think of your ideal place that you find very calming，happy，peaceful，and safe．Think about how the place would smell，feel，and

sound．Envision yourself in that place，enjoying it comfortably．

Once you have a good picture of your "happy place，" close your eyes and take slow and regular breaths through your nose and out of your mouth．Be aware of your breathing and continue focusing on the place you've imagined in your mind until you feel your anxiety

lifting．

But it can be hard to think clearly when you feel anxious．Sometimes anxious thinking can make us believe harmful thoughts that are untrue or make us do things that make our anxiety worse．Here's how to avoid so：ask yourself whether endless worry is a problem for you．If the answer is yes，it's good to be aware of that．Then try different ways such as singing a silly song，，listening to music，reading a book or the like．

Counting is also a simple way to ease your anxiety．When you feel anxiety washing over you，close your eyes and slowly count to 10．If necessary，repeat and count to 20 or an even higher number．Keep counting until you feel ease．

Sometimes this relief occurs quickly，but other times it might take a while．Stay calm and patient．It's a great tool to use in a crowded or busy space where you can't do other anxiety exercises．

Choose an anxiety exercise and try it until you're feeling relaxed．If one exercise doesn't work，try a different one．But anxiety exercises may not work for those with generalized anxiety disorder （GAD）．If you have GAD，consult your doctor for more effective treatment options．

Anxiety exercises to help you relax

Introduction Too much anxiety can （1）______ with your healthy and happy life．One or a few of the exercises can help you relieve yourself anytime and anywhere．

Relax by （2）______ Controlling your breath can help address your body's stress （3）______ ，like increased heart rate and rapid breathing．

*Find a quiet and comfortable place，and breathe in slowly and regularly through your nose，with one hand on your chest remaining still and the other on your stomach （4）

______ slightly

Relax by visualizing Paint a mental picture of a place that makes your relaxed and happy．

*Find an ideal place to relax and imagine enjoying yourself while thinking of the （5）______ ．

*Take slow and regular breaths through your nose and out of your mouth，with your eyes closed and your attention （6）______ on the happy place．

Relax by interrupting your anxious thinking Anxiety thinking can result in a bad （7）______ ．It's helpful to break it．

*Identify the problem and try different ways like singing a silly song，listening to music，reading a book and so on．

Relax by （8）______ When other anxiety exercises might be challenging to （9）______ out，counting may work．

*Keep counting slowly until you find your anxiety decreasing．

Conclusion Choose one anxiety exercises and keep trying until you feel （10）______ anxious．However，it makes sense for those with GAD to consult doctors．

五、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）

52.请认真阅读下列材料和图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章．

Campus security has recently attracted wide public attention．In order to ensure the safety of teachers and students，our school prohibits strangers，students' parents included，from entering the campus at will．This rule has aroused a strong response from

parents．For this reason，our school has recently conducted a public opinion survey among students on whether parents should enter campus．The results of the survey are as follows．

【写作内容】

1．用约30个单词概括阅读材料的主要内容；

2．用约120个单词简要描述图中的信息（包括人数比率、观点及原因）；并就"家长该不该进校园"谈谈你的看法和理由．

【写作要求】

1．可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；

2．不必写标题；

3．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称．

【评分标准】

概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯．

答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小题1】B 【小题2】A

【解析】1． B．细节理解题．根据第三段"this year sees a broader range of formats and events than ever before，今年看到了比以往任何时候都更广泛的形式和活动，其中大部分都是

免费的，"可知今年的原子节吸引人的地方是参观者可以体验到更多不同的活动．故选

B．

2．A．细节理解题．根据最后一段"Passes do not include refreshments which must be purchased separately at the venue．Passes cannot be used by more than one person．There is no under-18s Festival Pass．入场券不包括必须在会场单独购买的茶点．入场券不能超过

一人使用．未满18岁的儿童节入场券不存在．"可知十八岁以下的青少年没有免费的入

场券．故选A．

本文是一篇广告，主要介绍了原子节的相关事宜．

1．直接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目．2．间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原

文信息进行转换．

3．综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章

取义．

3.【答案】

【小题1】A 【小题2】D 【小题3】A

【解析】1-3 ADA

1．A．细节理解题．根据文章第一

段 Some experts had assumed it was a glaring signal to predators （捕食

者）， like bats， that fireflies taste bad．一些专家认为，萤火虫和蝙蝠一样，对掠食者

来说是一个明显的信号，说明萤火虫味道不好．可知研究人员的目的是看萤火是否闪烁，

以警告它们的食肉动物远离；故选A．

2．D．细节理解题．根据文章倒数第二

段 To test that they put fireflies on fishing lines and the bats went after them， despite alread y knowing that fireflies don't taste good．为了测试他们是否把萤火虫放在钓鱼线上，而蝙

蝠却追着它们，尽管它们已经知道萤火虫的味道并不好．可知研究人员把虫放在鱼线

改变他们的飞行模式；故选D．

3．A．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段

So he theorized that when it comes to evolution， fireflies' glowing trait （特

点） may have developed first as protection from predators and later became a mating signal ． So， Barber said， "Bats may have invented fireflies．"因此，巴伯认为，在进化论中，

萤火虫的发光特征（发光特征）可能最初是作为对捕食者的保护而发展起来的，后来成

为交配的信号，所以，巴伯说："蝙蝠可能发明了萤火虫．可知 Barber 在最后一段中的

意思是蝙蝠已经影响了虫的进化；故选A．

本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了研究发现，虫的萤火是否闪烁，以警告它们的食肉动物远离．

考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事

实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

6.【答案】

【小题1】B 【小题2】C 【小题3】B 【小题4】D

【解析】1-4 BCBD

1．B．词义猜测题．根据划线词前面的句子The robots have appropriated one of the animal's effective tools：barking，Radio New Zealand reports．可知，据新西兰电台报道，这些

机器人已经利用了这种动物的一种有效工具：吠叫．可知，its canine counterparts．指

的是"狗叫声"．故选B．

2．C．细节理解题．根据第四段的句子Farmers told RNZ the drones come in handy for more than just herding cows and sheep．The robots allow farmers to monitor their land from afar，monitoring water and feed levels and checking on livestock health without disturbing the

animals可知，无人驾驶飞机可以有效地做不止一件事．故选C．

3．B．段落大意题．根据第六段的Farmers all over the world are using drones．In South Africa，they monitor crop health from above，which boosts harvests，according to CNN．可知，本段主要介绍无人驾驶飞机在农业领域的应用．故选B．

4．D．推理判断题．根据Besides，there is still a need for herding dogs，primarily because they have a longer life span than drones可知，无人驾驶飞机还不能完全代替牧羊犬．故选

D．

文章介绍随着无人驾驶飞机技术的发展，很多农民开始使用无人驾驶飞机，帮助他们饲

养动物和种植庄稼．

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找

出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子

的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．

10.【答案】

【小题1】C 【小题2】B 【小题3】D 【小题4】A 【小题5】D 【小题6】C

【解析】1-6 CBDADC

1．C．细节理解题．根据第二段Yet what is most thrilling is getting to know da Vinci the scientist．Isaacson explains how loving science and applying the scientific method to observing the world was really what made da Vinci a great artist and，Isaacson argues， a genius．可知，然而，最令人兴奋的是了解科学家达芬奇，艾萨克森解释了热爱科学和运用科学方

法观察世界是如何使达芬奇成为一位伟大的艺术家和天才的．所以达?芬奇传记的亮点

是他探索科学的精神．故选C．

2．B．细节理解题．根据倒数第二段Most importantly，his curiosity-driven explorations，and ability to connect art and science，helped him innovate in his work．最重要的是，他的

好奇心驱动的探索以及将艺术与科学联系起来的能力帮助他在工作中进行了创新．可知，达芬奇保持童年的好奇心使他的思想与众不同．故选B．

3．D．细节理解题．根据第五段Galileo，born 112 years after Leonardo，is usually credited with being the first to develop this kind of approach and is often regarded as the father of

modern science，伽利略出生于莱昂纳多之后112年，通常被认为是第一个开发这种方

法的人，并且经常被认为是现代科学之父．历史学家弗里特霍夫?卡普拉（Fritjof Capra）写到．可知，艾萨克森在书中提到伽利略是为了说明达芬奇研究方法的重要性．故选D．4．A．词义猜测题．根据上下文内容可知，His studies of the body，animals，motion，shadow and light，perspective and proportion helped him better understand what he was seeing in front of him，and render it in art more accurately and finely than anyone else of his time．他对身体，动物，运动，阴影和光线，视角和比例的研究有助于他更好地理解自

己在眼前所见的事物，并比当时任何人都更准确，更精细地将其呈现在艺术中，可知

render意为表达．故选A．

5．D．细节理解题．根据最后一段And this wonderful book is a reminder，in a time of increasingly narrow specialization and focus，that the methods of Renaissance men like da Vinci are as relevant as ever．在专业化和关注日益狭窄的时代，这本精彩的书提醒人们，

像达?芬奇这样的文艺复兴时期的人们的方法与以往一样重要．可知，艾萨克森认为文

艺复兴时期的人的方法仍然适用于当代科学研究．故选D．

6．C．主旨大意题．阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了科学如何塑造艺术，

热爱科学并运用科学方法观察世界真的使达?芬奇成为了一位伟大的艺术家．故选C．本文通过达?芬奇传记主要讲述了科学如何塑造艺术，热爱科学并运用科学方法观察世

界真的使达芬奇成为了一位伟大的艺术家．

本文是社会文化类阅读，主要考查细节理解题和推理判断题．在做细节理解题时，首先

根据题目要求迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语．认真比较选项和文中细节的

区别，在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

16.【答案】 A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析．prioritize 优先考虑；给…优先权；provide提供；供应；prohibite禁止；purchase购买；采购．句意：作为广东-香港-澳门大湾区的邻居，广西

优先考虑吸引外资，以帮助建设一个高质量的经济体．

故选：A．

作为广东-香港-澳门大湾区的邻居，广西优先考虑吸引外资，以帮助建设一个高质量的

经济体．

本题考查动词词义辨析．在熟知词义的基础上，再联系句子所表达的含义，从而选出正

确的答案．

17.【答案】 A

【解析】考查从属连词．where在……的地方；as正如…一样，引导方式状语从句；in case 万一，以防；如果；now that既然；由于，因为．根据句意，可知这里是where引导地点状语从句．

故选：A．

在她曾经一度想放弃的地方，她现在有决心深入推进，继续前行．

考查从属连词，弄清楚各种从属连词引导什么状语从句，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，

然后根据句意选择最合适的选项．

18.【答案】 D

【解析】答案：D．考查一般过去时的被动语态．主语the company与谓语动词condemn （谴责、指责）之间为被动关系，结合时间状语 a decade ago（十年前）用于一般过去

时可知，D项为正确选择．

故选：D．

十年前这家公司无缘无故解雇了一些工人，遭到工会和社会正义团体的强烈谴责．

本题考查一般过去时的被动语态．分析句子的主语与谓语动词之间的主被动关系，熟知不同时态所对应的标志词及题干中暗含的时态信息，结合语境作出正确选择．

19.【答案】 B

【解析】考查名词的词义辨析．contact联系，联络；consent同意；准许；contrast对比；对照；content所容纳之物；所含之物；内容．句意：据报道，一些手机应用程序

在未经手机用户同意的情况下，甚至在他们不知情的情况下收集了手机用户的信息．

故选：B．

据报道，一些手机应用程序在未经手机用户同意的情况下，甚至在他们不知情的情况下收集了手机用户的信息．

本题考查名词的词义辨析．名词词义辨析题一直都是高考考查的一个热点，它注重考查考生结合语境准确选用词语的能力．由于英语词汇丰富，且用法多变，考生掌握起来有

较大难度，因此在平时应注意词汇的积累，理解词语的含义及其常见的习惯搭配，再联

系句子所表述的意义和语境，选出正确的答案．

20.【答案】 A

【解析】答案：A．考查现在分词．根据分析可知，所填部分是句子的状语，表示自然

而然的结果，应该用现在分词，排除C、D两项；B项表示动作先于句子的动作发生，

与语境不符，排除．

故选：A．

在一定的深度，这些充血的血管反射的红光笔周围的皮肤要少，相比之下使得他们看上去是蓝色的．

处理非谓语动词类题目时，一看有没有谓语动词，二看主被动关系，三看复合结构，结

合句意，做出准确判断．

21.【答案】 D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析．squeeze 压榨，挤出；trap设陷阱捕捉；吸收；inspect检查；查看；审视；视察；discriminate区别；辨别；区分．句意：通常新生婴儿可以辨别

男人和女人的声音．

故选：D．

通常新生婴儿可以辨别男人和女人的声音．

本题考查动词词义辨析．在熟知词义的基础上，再联系句子所表达的含义，从而选出正

确的答案．

22.【答案】 D

【解析】考查动词短语的辨析．compensate for赔偿，补偿损失；hunt for猎取……（通常指食物或毛皮）；寻找某人（某物）；make for走向；朝…前进；导致；造成；促成；push for推动．句意：中国将推动中小学开设人工智能课程，让孩子们与时俱进．

故选：D．

中国将推动中小学开设人工智能课程，让孩子们与时俱进．

本题考查动词短语的辨析．在高中的学习中平时要多积累动词及动词固定搭配的用法，

考试时只能凭借记忆力来答题，尤其是单项选择很难推出某个搭配的意思，所以平时的积累记忆是尤其重要的．

23.【答案】 A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析．apparent显而易见；明白易懂；arbitrary任意的；武断的；随心所欲的；approximate大约的；近似的；ample足够的；丰裕的．句意：几个

月前，路面开始下沉，路面上的凹陷变得明显．

几个月前，路面开始下沉，路面上的凹陷变得明显．

本题考查形容词词义辨析．在熟知词义的基础上，再联系句子所表达的含义，从而选出

正确的答案．

24.【答案】 C

【解析】答案：C．考查过去完成时．根据but it was much too occupied at that time可知，他因为太忙而未能打扫房间．动词hope、expect、think、mean、plan、want、intend、suppose 等的过去完成式可用来表示过去未成实现的希望或打算．C项正确．

故选：C．

她本打算上星期把那间空余的房间打扫干净，但那时候他太忙了．

本题考查过去完成时．熟记过去完成时的结构及在句子中的用法，掌握一些固定句式中

对时态的要求，结合语境作出正确选择．

25.【答案】 B

【解析】本题考查虚拟语气．根据wouldn't have flown可知句中含有虚拟语气．在if从句中，如果含有"were，should，had''时，可省去if而将"were，should，had''置于句首，构成倒装句．本句是对过去的虚拟，所以用had．

故选：B．

如果她知道你不是故意要伤害她的事实的话，她也不会大发脾气．

虚拟语气if省略时，句中的动词were、had或should和主语倒装．

如：Were I you，I would take his advice．

Had I known about the lecture，I would have taken it．

Should there be a letter for me，please keep it in the drawer．

26.【答案】 B

【解析】答案：B 考查从属连词．根据后面

it had to be completed by one of his former students可知，普契尼是在完成最后一幕之前去

世的，应该用连接词before．本句中before引导时间状语从句，表达"还未……就……"．故选：B．

不幸的是，普契尼还没有完成最后一幕就心脏病突发去世，而这一幕只能由他以前的一

位学生弗朗哥?阿尔法诺完成．

本题考查从属连词．通过分析句子确定从句在句子中的所承担的成分，熟记连接词的不同含义及用法，结合语境作出正确选择．

27.【答案】 C

【解析】答案：C．in terms of"就…而言"；in need of"需要"；in favor of"支持，赞成；

有利于"；in praise of"表扬"．根据题干中step aside"让位，退位"可知，老师们更赞成校

长退位这样对younger men的发展将起着in favor of"支持；有利"的作用．

故选：C．

当被问到他们对校长的看法时，许多老师宁愿他能让位给更年轻的人．

此题考查介词短语辨析．解题时，一要理解题干的意思；二要辨清各选项的意思；再而

结合语境，选出恰当的选项．

28.【答案】 A

【解析】本题考查倒装．句中含有宾语从句，该从句中开头的是not one mistake，含有否定词not，因此需要倒装结构，根据后面的 in the following month可知应该用过去将来．

经理说在接下来的一个月他不想看到有任何一个错误被报告．

一般来说，否定词位于句首，句子用部分倒装．位于句首的否定词有：seldom、never、little、few、hardly、not、not until、in vain、in no way和no longer 等，

例句：Never does he come late．（他从不迟到）

29.【答案】 D

【解析】答案：D 考查从属连词．所选连接词引导主语从句，且在从句中作动词read 的宾语，用连接代词what．how和why是连接副词，that在名词性从句中只起连接词的

作用，不承担句子成分，也无实际含义．

故选：D．

一个人读书时应该用心去读，否则他当做任务读的东西对他没有多大益处．

本题考查从属连词．通过分析句子确定从句在句子中的所承担的成分，熟记连接词的不同含义及用法，结合语境作出正确选择．

30.【答案】 B

【解析】考查谚语．that's his feet of clay那是他的严重缺点； a little bird told him有人告诉他；he wanted to kill the fatted calf他想准备设宴庆祝；he was the salt of the earth他是人中豪杰．句意：很抱歉没能得到你想要的．除了说有人告诉他之外，他对此事保持沉

默．

故选：B．

很抱歉没能得到你想要的．除了说有人告诉他之外，他对此事保持沉默．

谚语的学习需要积累，我们要像学习汉语词汇那样落实谚语的积累．因此必须端正态度，狠下苦功．

31.【答案】

【小题1】D 【小题2】B 【小题3】C 【小题4】D 【小题5】A 【小题6】D 【小题7】B 【小题8】B 【小题9】C 【小题10】A 【小题11】D 【小题12】C 【小题13】B 【小题14】C 【小题15】D 【小题16】C 【小题17】B 【小题18】C 【小题19】D 【小题20】A

【解析】DBCDA 6-10 DBBCA 11-15 DCBCD 16-20 CBCDA

（1）D．考查动词辨析．A．sorting分类；B．storing储存；C．sewing缝纫；D．securing 使安全，获得，取得．根据下文such an outfit 可知，Mr． Freburger would 得到这样的一套服装有困难．故选D．

（2）B．考查副词辨析．A．automatically自动地；B．personally个人地；C．partly 部分地；D．generally普遍地．根据上文 especially one selected for him 可知，这套衣服是亲自为他挑选的．故选B．

（3）C．考查动词短语辨析．A．appointed to分配到；B．accustomed to习惯；C．referred to指的是；D．opposed to相反．根据下文the nonprofit Sharp Dressed Man可知，他被称为the nonprofit Sharp Dressed Man．故选C．

（4）D．考查动词辨析．A．promoting提升；B．arranging安排；C．rewarding奖励；D．equipping配备，准备．根据下文them for job interviews 可知，为这些人为工作面

试做准备．故选D．

（5）A．考查名词辨析．A．occasions场合；B．discounts折扣；C．benefits益处；D．systems系统．根据上文 job interview可知，还有其他场合．故选A．

（6）D．考查副词辨析．A．thus因此；B．meanwhile同时；C．otherwise否则；D．instead

相反．根据上文This is not a "grab any jacket off the rack （架子）" kind of experience可知，相反的是，非盈利组织给他们提供适合的衣服．故选D．

（7）B．考查动词辨析．A．found发现；B．launched发布；C．surrounded包围；D．shifted转变．根据上文by clothing designer Christopher Schafer可知，这个非营利组

织是由服装设计师Christopher Schafer发起的．故选B．

（8）B．考查动词辨析．A．escaping逃跑；B．returning回来；C．differing不同；D．hearing听见．根据下文from London可知，他从伦敦回来就开了一家店．故选B．（9）C．考查动词辨析．A．counting计算；B．transporting运输；C．measuring衡量；D．packing包装．根据下文and design可知，他学会了测量和设计的方艺术．故

选C．

（10）A．考查动词辨析．A．delivering投递，递送；B．ordering预定；C．folding 折叠；D．advertising做广告．根据下文some custom suits to a customer可知，他给一

个顾客送文化衫．故选A．

（11）D．考查副词辨析．A．naturally自然地；B．doubtfully 怀疑地；C．urgently 紧急地；D．unexpectedly预料之外地．根据下文handed two bags of gently 可知，他没有料到被给了两包稍微有点旧的衣服．故选D．

（12）C．考查形容词辨析．A．donated捐赠的；B．alternative可代替的；C．worn 穿破的，用旧的；D．clumsy笨拙的．根据下文he couldn't wear his old suits anymore．可知，这些衣服有点旧了．故选C．

（13）B．考查动词辨析．A．bothered麻烦；B．spoiled宠坏，善待；格外关照；C．discouraged劝阻；D．interrupted打断．根据下文how I made his custom suits fit可知，我做的文化衫特别合适，把他宠坏了．他不想穿旧衣服了．故选B．

（14）C．考查动词辨析．A．exhibit展览；B．possess拥有；C．accept接受；D．clean 打扫．根据下文the suits可知， Schafer 找到一个可以接受这些衣服的非营利组织．故

选C．

（15）D．考查名词辨析．A．relatives亲戚；B．designers设计者；C．clerks职员；D．clients客户．根据上文but as time went on，more of his 可知，更多的客户做同样

的事情．故选D．

（16）C．考查动词辨析．A．suits适合；B．threatens威胁；C．resembles和……像；C．strengthens加强．根据下文 a traditional men's clothing store可知，这个组织的空间

和传统男士服装很相似．故选C．

（17）B．考查形容词辨析．A．adequate充足的；B．complete完全的；C．economic 经济的；D．complicated复杂的．根据下文with volunteer tailors and racks of clothing可知，完全由志愿者裁缝和成衣架组成．故选B．

（18）C．考查名词辨析．A．hardship困难的；B．relationship关系；C．gap间隙；D．position位置．根据下文between job training and the 可知，谢弗认为，这家非营利

性机构填补了工作培训与求职者所需外表之间的空白．故选C．

（19）D．考查名词辨析．A．status身份，地位；B．feel感觉；C．talent才能；D．look 样貌．根据下文for a person to land a job可知，谢弗认为，这家非营利性机构填补了工

作培训与求职者所需外表之间的空白．故选D．

（20）A．考查名词辨析．A．dignity尊严；B．curiosity好奇心；C．honesty诚实；D．caution谨慎．根据上文If you treat a guy with可知，如果你用尊严对待一个人，他

有更好的机会用它来对待自己．故选A．

本文介绍装设计师Christopher Schafer建立了非营利组织，给需要正式服装参加特殊场

合的人提供合适的衣服．

本题为完形填空，首先要通读全文，掌握大意，然后仔细阅读，分析每句话的含义和上

下文的关联，结合每道题四个选项的含义找出最贴切的选项．

51.【答案】interfere

【解析】1．interfere；考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．根据第一段"But too much anxiety can get in the way of living a healthy，happy life．但是太多的焦虑会妨碍健康、

快乐的生活．"可知"interfere影响"符合语境．故填interfere．

2．breathing；考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．根据右边表格可知此处说的是：通

过呼吸减少压力，所以"breathing "符合语境，根据空格前的by可知要用ving形式．故填breathing．

3．responses/reactions；考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．根据第二段" When you're feeling anxious，you might notice that your heart rate and breathing get a bit faster．当你感到焦虑的时候，你可能会注意到你的心率和呼吸有点快．"可知当有压力的时候，身体

的反应会改变，所以"responses/reactions"符合语境．故填responses/reactions．4．moving；考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．根据第三段"The hand on your chest should remain still while the hand on your stomach will move slightly．胸部的手应该保持静止，同时腹部的手会轻微移动．"可知"moving "符合语境．故填moving．

5．details；考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．根据第四段"Think about how the place would smell，feel，and sound．Envision yourself in that place，enjoying it comfortably．想想这个地方的气味、感觉和声音．想象你自己在那个地方，舒适地享受它．"可知想象一下这个地方的一些东西，一些细节．所以"details"符合语境．故填details．6．focused/fixed；考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．根据第五段"Be aware of your breathing and continue focusing on the place you've imagined in your mind until you feel your anxiety lifting．注意你的呼吸，并继续把注意力放在你想象中的地方，直到你感到焦虑．"可知"focused/fixed"符合语境，attention和focus/fix之间是被动关系，所以要用过去分词．故填focused/fixed．

7．cycle；考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．根据根据倒数第四段"Sometimes anxious thinking can make us believe harmful thoughts that are untrue or make us do things that make our anxiety worse．有时焦虑的思维会让我们相信有害的想法是不真实的，或者让我们做一些使我们的焦虑更糟的事情．"可知这种焦虑会形成一种恶性循环，所以"cycle"符合语境．故填cycle．

8．counting；考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．根据右边表格可知此处是：通过数

数可以减少压力，所以"counting"符合语境．根据空格前的by可知要用ving形式．故填counting．

9．carry；考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．根据倒数第三段" Counting is also a simple way to ease your anxiety．计数也是一种简单的缓解焦虑的方法．"可知当其他的方法都

不能缓解压力时，数数是可以的，所以"carry out实施"符合语境，根据空格前的to可知要用动词原形．故填carry．

10．less；根据最后一段" Choose an anxiety exercise and try it until you're feeling relaxed．If one exercise doesn't work，try a different one．But anxiety exercises may not work for those with generalized anxiety disorder （GAD）．选择一个焦虑的运动，试着做，直到你感到

放松．如果一个运动不起作用，尝试另一种运动，但是焦虑锻炼对那些广泛性焦虑症

（GAD）的患者来说可能无效．"可知"less"符合语境．故填less．

本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了缓解压力的一些方法．

1．浏览文章，掌握大意：做任务型阅读题不宜先看图表，而应先通读全文，掌握文章

大意，了解文章中心思想，确认文章是围绕什么议题而展开论述的；2．解读表格，理

清思路：任务型阅读文后所列图表往往是由文章主标题，下面是分标题；3．细读文章，概括信息：学生在理解了图表后，必须认真，细致地阅读文章，归纳出文章信息；4．再阅图表，试填答案：在解读图表，认真阅读了短文，概括信息的基础上，再回到图表，

将文章和图表有机地结合起来，细节题通常在原文中可直接找到答案；5．复读原文和

图表，确认答案试填答案后，将图表结合原文至少再通读一遍．

52.【答案】答案： 1 （不赞同）：

To ensure security，strangers including parents are banned from entering our campus，which has brought about heated discussions among parents．【高分句型一】So a survey has been made among the students about whether parents should be included．（校方开展调查问卷的

原由）

According to the survey，60% of the students think parents should be included because it is a rule everyone should obey．Another 25% subscribe to the view that there is no need for the ban as their beloved parents couldn't be a danger to anyone．However，the rest think the guards can make a proper decision depending on certain situations．【高分句型二】（具体介绍调

查的结果）

Personally，I agree with most students．As the saying goes，"Prevention is better than cure．" Proper measures should be taken before it's too late．As for parents，they have some other ways to keep in touch with their children，like making calls or asking for teachers' help．All in all，campus security calls for everyone's concern and cooperation．（个人观点和倾向）Possible version 2 （不赞同）：

To ensure security，strangers including parents are banned from entering our campus，which has brought about heated discussions among parents．So a survey has been made among the students about whether parents should be included．（校方开展调查问卷）

According to the survey，60% of the students think parents should be included because it is a rule everyone should obey．Another 25% subscribe to the view that there is no need for the ban as their beloved parents couldn't be a danger to anyone．However，the rest think the guards can make a proper decision depending on certain situations．（调查结果）

I agree parents can enter campus according to the actual situation．For example，if parents come to school at the request of their children who need any help，or at the invitation of the school，the head teacher or the subject teacher to exchange information about their children's learning，then I think the guard should let the parents into campus after contacting the relevant personnel and registering the parents' identity information．（同意父母进校园）

【解析】本题是一篇图表写作，校园安全引起了公众的广泛的关注，为此校方制定了一

些规则，这些规则引起了家长们的强烈反响．【写作内容】

1．用约30个单词概括阅读材料的主要内容；

2．用约120个单词简要描述图中的信息（包括人数比率、观点及原因）；并就"家长该不该进校园"谈谈你的看法和理由．

【写作要求】

1．可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；

2．不必写标题；

3．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称．

【评分标准】

概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯

高分句型一：To ensure security，strangers including parents are banned from entering our campus，which has brought about heated discussions among parents．【

翻译：为了确保安全，包括家长在内的陌生人被禁止进入我们的校园，这引起了家长们

的热烈讨论．

本句使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句．

高分句型二：the rest think the guards can make a proper decision depending on certain situations

翻译：其他人认为警卫可以根据特定情况做出适当的决定

本句使用了depending现在分词做后置定语．

图表类作文，动笔前，一-定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体．故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高

级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．

江苏省启东中学-第一学期高三英语期中考试卷

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2016年江苏省南通市中考数学试卷(含解析版)

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