初二上册英语语法知识点总结 (2)
新目标八年级（上）英语复习提纲
Unit 1: How often do you exercise?
【语言目标】
What do you usually do on weekends? I sometimes go to the beach
How often do you eat vegetables? Every day. Most students do homework every day.
【应掌握的词组】
1.go to the movies 去看电影
2. look after = take care of 照顾
3.surf the internet 上网
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去划板
6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports锻炼8. eating habits 饮食习惯
9. take more exercise 做更多的运动10. the same as 与什么相同
11. be different from 不同12. once a month一月一次
13. twice a week一周两次14. make a difference to 对什么有影响
15. how often 多久一次16. although = though虽然
17. most of the students=most students 18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物19. as for至于20. activity survey活动调查
21. do homework做家庭作业22. do house work做家务事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 对什么有益26. be bad for对什么有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 尽量做某事30. come home from school放学回家
31. of course = certainly = sure当然32. get good grades取得好成绩
33. some advice 34. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不
35. keep/be in good health保持健康36.be stressed紧张的，有压力的
37. take a vacation 去度假48.get back 回来
【应掌握的句子】
1. How often do you exercise? 你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？
How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语+ do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副
词
，如：once, twice, three times,, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week ,
twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。
2. ―What do you usually do on weekends?‖― I usually play soccer.‖
“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”
第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。
3. “What’s your favorite program?”“It’s Animal World.”“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”
4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
as for...意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .
want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”；
want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。
6. She says it‘s good for my health.
be good for...表示“对,,有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for...。（这里for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）
7. How many hours do you sleep every night?
8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .
9. My eating habits are pretty good .pretty相当于very 。
10. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .
try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”，不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。
11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.
help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.
better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级
13. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different? =Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle
or is her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as … / be different from …
14. What sports do you play ?
15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health .
keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy
16. You must try to eat less meat .
try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级
17. That sounds interesting.
这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell
（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get
（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。
Unit 2 What‘s the matter?
【语言目标】
What‘s the matter? I have a headache.
You should drink some tea. The sounds like a good idea.
I have a sore back. That‘s t oo bad . I hope you feel better soon.
【应掌握的词组】
1. Have a cold 感冒
2. sore back 背痛
3. neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进
4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛= I have got a stomachache = There is something wrong with my stomach
= My stomach hurts = I have (got) a pain in my stomach
5. What’s the matter? 怎么了？= What‘s the trouble (with you)?= What‘s your trouble?
= What‘s wrong (with you)?= What‘ the matter (with you)? =What has happened to you?
= Is there anything wrong (with you)? = what‘s up?
6. sore throat 咽喉痛
7. lie down and rest 躺下休息
8. see a dentist 看牙医9. drink lots of water 多喝水
10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶11.That’s a good idea 好主意
12.That’s too bad 太糟糕了13.I think so 我认为如此
14. I’m not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服= I‘m not feeling fine/all right.
= I‘m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad. = I don‘t feel well.
15. get some rest 多休息16. I have no idea = I don’t know 我不知道
17. stressed out 筋疲力尽18. I am tired 我累了He is tired. 他累了
19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式20. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医
21. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和22. you have too much yin.你阴气太盛
23. to eat a balance diet饮食平衡24. healthy food 健康食品
25. stay healthy 保持健康= keep healthy = keep in good health = keep fit
26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快
=have a good time = have a wonderful time = have fun
27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物, enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth
practice doing sth.练习做某事，mind doing sth. 介意做某事，
finish doing sth.完成某事，give up doing sth.放弃做某事，
can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事，
keep ding sth. 坚持做某事. （keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth. ）
be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
make a contribution to doing sth.为..做贡献go on doing sth. 继续做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做某事remember doing sth. 记得做某事
spend....(in) doing sth. 花（时间）来做某事
prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起（做...）来更愿意（做...）
28. at the moment = now 此刻29. Host family 东道家庭
30. Conversation practice会话练习31. I’m sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过
【应掌握的句子】
1．What’s the matter? I have a bad cold.
2．Maybe you should see a dentist.
3．I hope you feel better soon.
4．Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy.
5．Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this. 6．People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.
7．It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and it’s important to eat a balanced diet.
8．When you are tired, you shouldn’t go out at night.
9．I believe him, but I can’t believe in him.
10．I am not feeling very well at the moment.
I‘m tired and I have a lot of headaches.
11．I’m stressed out because my Mandarin isn’t improving.
12．I practice playing the piano every day.
13．She had finished writing the letter when I went in.
14．The doctor asked him to give up smoking.
15．Do you mind closing the window?
16．Mary couldn’t help laughing at his jokes.
17．They kept working though it was raining.
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
【语言目标】
What are you doing for vacation? I‘m s pending time with my friends.
When are you going? I‘m going next week.
How long are you staying? We‘re staying for two weeks.
【应掌握的词组】
1. babysit one’s sister 照顾妹妹
2. visit one’s grandmother 看望奶奶
3. spend time with friends 和朋友们一起度过时光
4. visit cousins 看望表弟等
5. go to sports camp 去运动野营
6. o to the beach 去海滩
7. go camping 去野营8. Go shopping 去买东西
9. go swimming 去游泳10. go boating去划船
11. go skating 去溜冰12. go walking去散步
13. go climbing 去登山14. go dancing去跳舞
15. go hiking 去徒步远足16. go sightseeing 去观光
17. go house-hunting 去找房子
18. o on a hike 徒步旅行，go bike riding 骑自行车旅行，go fishing 去钓鱼
19. do some shopping 买东西20. do some washing 洗衣服
21. do some cooking 作饭22. do some reading 读书
23. do some speaking训练口语24. do some sewing 做缝纫活
25. that sounds nice 那好极了26. at home 在家
27. how about=what about ,,怎么样？28. how long 多长时间
29. how far 多远30. how often 多长时间一次
31. how much, how many 多少
32. have a good time =have fun= have a wonderful time= enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快
33. show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb.出示某物给某人看
give me the book=give the book to me 给我书，
pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子递给我，
sell me the house=sell the house to me 把房子卖给我
buy me a book =buy a book for me 给我买书，
make me a cake = make a cake for me给我做蛋糕
34. get back=come back回来35. rent videos租借影碟
36. take walks=go for a walk散步37. think about 考虑
38. decide on= decide upon决定一个计划39. something different 不同的事情40．a great vacation 一个愉快的假期41. I can’t wait 我等不及了
42. the famous movie star 著名的影星43. an exciting vacation 激动人心的假期
44. Ask her about her plans 向她询问她的计划ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事
45. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
【应该掌握的句子】
1．What are you doing for vacation? I’m babysitting my sister.
2．Who are you going with? I’m going with my parents.
3．When is he going camping? He is going on the 12th of February, 2005.
4．I’m going to Tibet for a week.
5．What are you doing there? I’m going hiking in the mountains.
6．Show me your photos when we get back to school.
7．Where are you going for vacation? I’m going to Hawaii for vacation.
8．What is it like there?
11. He thought about going to Greece or Spain, but decided on Canada.
12. He is leaving the first week in June and staying until September.
13. Please don‘t forget to close the door when you leave.
14．She couldn’t wait to get home to see he parents.
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
【语言目标】
How do you get to school? I take the bus.
How long does it take? It takes 20 minutes.
How far is it? It‘s 10 miles.
【应掌握的词组】
1. get to school 到校
2. get home 到家
3. how about=what about ,,.怎么样？
4. take the subway 乘地铁
5. ride a bike 骑自行车
6. take the bus乘公共汽车
7. take the train乘火车8. take a taxi乘坐出租车
9. go in a parent’s car 坐父母的车
10. by bike, bike bus, by subway, by taxi, by car, by train (乘坐,,车，放在句尾)
11. have a quick breakfast 迅速吃早饭12. the early bus 早班车
13. how far多远14. take sb. to sp.带某人到某处
15. doing sth. takes sb. Some time/ money
=It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.=sb. spends some time/money (on sth.)
=sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.=sth. costs sb. some time/money
=sb. pay some money for sth.花费某人多少时间/金钱做某事/某人花费多少金钱/时间做某事
16. bus stop公共汽车站，train station火车站，subway station地铁站，bus station客运站
17. want to do sth.想做某事18. walk to school 步行上学
19. in North America 在北美20. in other parts of the world 在世界的其他地区21. depend on=depend upon 依靠，靠,,决定22. not all 不是所有的
23. need to do sth.需要做某事24. number of students学生数
25. a number of=many 许多number前可用large, great, small修饰其谓语是复数
26. the number of,.的数量，谓语是单数
27. don’t worry(about sth./sb.)别着急(为某人/事担心
28. around the world= all over the world世界各地，全世界
【应掌握的句子】
1. How do you get to school? I walk to school.你是怎样到校的？我步行。
2. How about the white shirt? 这件白衬衫怎么样？
3. I usually walk but sometimes I take the bus.我通常步行，但有时坐公共汽车。
4. How long does it take you to get to school? It takes about 10 minutes to walk and 15 minutes by bus.你需要多长时间到校？步行大约10分钟，乘汽车15分钟。
5. How far is it from his home to school? About 10 kilometers. 从他家到学校有多远？大约10公里。
6. Lin Fei’s home is about 10 kilometers from school.林飞的家离学校大约10公里
7. He leaves for school at around six-thirty. 他大约在6点30分动身去学校。
8. Then the early bus takes him to school.然后，他乘坐早班车到学校。
9. Thomas wants to know where Nina lives.托马斯想要知道尼娜住在哪里。
10. In Japan, most students take trains to school, although others also walk or ride their bikes.
在日本，大部分学生乘坐火车上学，尽管其他人也步行或骑自行车。
11. A small number of students take the subway to school. 小部分学生乘坐地铁上学
12. What do you think of the transportation in your town? 你对你们镇的交通认为怎么样？
13. She is dead but her memory still lives on.她虽然死了，但人们仍然怀念她。
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
【语言目标】
Can you come to my birthday party? Y es, I‘d love to. /Sorry, I can‘t .I have to study for a test.I‘m soccer on Saturday.
-thirty.
When is the party? It‘s at seven
【应掌握的词组】
1. come to one’s party 参加某人的聚会
2. on Saturday afternoon 在星期六的下午
3. I’d love to 我非常乐意
4. I’m sorry 对不起
5. study for a test为测验而学习
6. go to the doctor 去看医生
7. visit one’s aunt 看望某人的姑姑8. have a piano lesson 上一堂钢琴课
10. too much homework 太多家庭作业11. much too interesting 有趣得多
12. maybe another time 也许下一次吧13.Thanks for asking（inviting）谢谢邀请
14. go to the baseball game 参加棒球比赛15. Birthday Party 生日聚会
16. go to the mall 去购物中心17. soccer practice 足球练习
18. look for 寻找19. find out 找到，弄清楚，查明
20. study for the math test 为数学考试而学习21. play tennis with me 和我一起打网球
22. I have a really busy week 我一周很忙23. football match足球比赛
24. my cousin’s birthday party 我表弟的生日聚会25. write soon 尽快回信
26. study for my science test 为科学考试而学习
27. 给某人打电话的几种说法：
call sb. up, call sb. phone sb., phone to sb. telephone sb. telephone to sb.
phone sb. up,ring sb. give sb. a ring, give sb. a phone
make a telephone call to sb.
28. on Thursday night 星期四晚上29. be (go) on vacation 度假
30. next week下周31. join sb.加入某人一起
32. Please keep quiet! 请保持安静, keep+形容词表示“保持某种状态”，
keep+(sb.)+doing 表示“（使某人）不停地做某事”，keep sth. 保存某物
34. culture club 文化俱乐部
35. try to do sth. 努力（企图）做某事,
try doing sth.试着做某事,try one’best to do sth. 尽力做某事
【应掌握的句子】
1. Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon? Sure, I‘d love to.
2. May I ask you some questions? Sure. / Of course. /Certainly.
3. I would love to go to your party.
4. She isn‘t very well these days and has to stay home.
5. We can learn what we did not know.
6. Thank you for inviting me. =Thanks for asking (having, inviting)
7. Maybe another time.
8. Can she go to the movies? No, she can‘t. She‘s playing soccer.
9. Read these dialogues and find out about another kind of football.
10. She and I are both students
Unit 6 I‘m more outgoing than my sister.
【语言目标】
Is that Sam? No, that‘s Tom,
He has shorter hair than Sam. He‘s calmer than Sam.
【应掌握的词组】
1. long hair 长头发
2. How are you? 你身体好吗？
3. How old 多大年纪
4. how tall 多高
5. how long ago多久前（的事）
6.more outgoing 比较外向
7. want/plan to do sth. 意欲，企图8. here are photos of me 这是我的照片
9. as you can see 正如你所看到的10. in some ways在某些地方
11. we look the same我们看起来一样，They look different他们看起来不同
12. the same to ,,多,,是一样的13. quite the same 完全一样
14. all the same 还是，同样应,,
15. look like 看起来像，.一样，而look same 看起来很像
16. go to lots of parties经常参加聚会=often go to the party
17. a little taller 高一点18. take sth. from sth. 从某处拿/取出某物
19. put sth. in sth. 将某物放入某物中20. make a list of 列出清单
21. has cool clothes 有漂亮的衣服22. is popular in school 在学校受欢迎
23. is good at sports 擅长体育24. make me laugh 使我发笑
25. that’s not very important for me 那对我来说并不重要( be important for sb.)
26. put up举起，抬起，挂起，张贴，建造；put on穿上，戴上，上演（戏剧）；
put down=write down=copy down 写下来；put out 伸出，扑灭；
put away 收起来，收好；put off推迟；put one’s heart into,全神贯注于,,,全身心投入,, 27. opposite views 相反的观点28. a weekend teacher 周末教师
29. Abacus Study Center 珠算研究中心30. elementary school students 小学生
31. be good with children 善于与孩子相处32. have good grades 成绩出色
33. enjoy telling jokes 喜欢讲笑话34. can’t stop talking 不能停止讲话
35. help others 帮助别人,help each other互相帮助36. in one’s free time在业余时间
37. one of +复数名词（代词）,,其中之一38. use sth. to do sth.=do sth.. with sth. 使用,做，39. be/feel sorry for sb. 为某事感到同情或难受;
be / feel sorry for sth. 因某事感到抱歉或后悔；
be sorry +to see/hear 听到或看到某种情况很不安或难过；
say sorry to sb.向某人道歉
40. begin with 从,,开始41. next to 在,,旁边，紧靠,,
42. be famous for 因，而著名，因,,而广为人知；be famous as 作为,,而知名
43. all together 总计，总共44. make sb. do sth. 让/使某人做某事，
相似的用法有几个感官动词see, let, hear, watch, feel等
【应该掌握的句子】
1．What are you doing for vacation? I’m babysitting my sister.
2．Who are you going with? I’m going with my parents.
3．When is he going camping? He is going on the 12th of February, 2005.
4．I’m going to Tibet for a week.
5．What are you doing there? I’m going hiking in the mountains.
6．Show me your photos when we get back to school.
7．Where are you going for vacation? I’m going to Hawaii for vacation.
8. I‘m going to Hawaii for vacation in December, and I‘m staying for three weeks.
9．What is it like there?
10. Can I ask you some questions about your vacation plans?
11. He thought about going to Greece or Spain, but decided on Canada.
12. He is leaving the first week in June and staying until September.
13. Please don‘t forget to close the door when you leave.
14. She couldn‘t wait to get home to see he parents.
Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk smoothie?
【语言目标】
How do you make a banana milk smoothie?First, peel the bananas and cut it up. then put the milk into the blender.... How many bananas do we need? We need three bananas.
【应掌握的词组】
1. make a banana smoothie 制作香蕉混合饮料
2. peel the bananas 剥香蕉
3. cut up the bananas切碎香蕉
4. pour the milk in the blender 将牛奶倒入搅拌器
5. turn on the blender 打开搅拌器电源
6. put the yogurt in the blender将酸奶放入搅拌器
7. turn off 关上,(turn on 打开)
turn up旋大（灯火等），开大（煤气等）调高（声音等），
turn down 把（灯火、电器等）关小一点
8. how much cinnamon多少肉桂9. one teaspoon of cinnamon 一茶匙肉桂
10. make fruit salad 制作水果沙拉11. two pieces of bread 两片面包
12. mix it all up 将它们混合在一起14. turkey slices 火鸡肉片, a slice of bread一片面包
13. takes turns doing sth, take turns to do sth. =do sth. in turns 轮流做某事
15. slices of duck 烤鸭片16. roll pancake 卷上薄饼
17. make faces 作鬼脸make friends with 与,,交朋友make a noise吵闹,
make mistakes犯错误, make the bed整理床铺make one’s way to往,走去, make room for给,腾出地方
18. it’s easy to do sth. 做某事容易it’s hard (difficult) to do sth.做某事难，
It’s necessary to do sth.做某事必要
19. put sth, in order 将某些东西按顺序排列20. a recipe for ,,的烹调方法, ,,的菜
【应掌握的句子】
1．How do you make a banana smoothie?
2．Describe a process and follow instructions.
3．Pour the milk into the blender.
4．How many bananas do we need?
5．Then compare lists with another student.
6．I need some help.
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
【语言目标】
? What did you do on your school trip?
? Did you go to the zoo? No, I didn‘t. I went to the aquarium.
? Were there any sharks?
No, there weren‘t any sharks, but there were some really smart seals.
【应掌握的词组】
1. talk about 谈论，talk over谈论
2. give a talk 作报告
3. have a talk to (with) sb.与某人谈话
4. go to the beach去海滩
5. have ice cream吃冰淇淋
6. go to the zoo去动物园
7. go to the aquarium去水族馆8. hang out with one’s friends和朋友闲逛
9. take photos=take a photo=take pictures=take a picture照相
10. buy a souvenir买纪念品11. have pizza吃比萨饼
12. a famous actor著名的演员
13. get one’s autograph得到了某人的亲笔签名14. win a prize赢得奖品（奖项）
15. at the aquarium 在水族馆16. have a great time玩得高兴，过得愉快
17. on the school trip在学校的旅游18. Blue Water Aquarium蓝色水族馆
19. the Visitors’Center游客中心20.a dolphin show海豚表演
21. after that 后来22. at the end of,在,,结束的时候，在,,的尽头23. the Gift Shop礼品店24. at the beginning of,在..开始的时候
25. a terrible school trip糟糕的学校旅行26. that sounds interesting那听起来很有趣
27. make up a story编一个故事28. go for a drive 开车兜风
30. in the rain在雨中in the dark在黑暗中\ in the sun在阳光下in the snow在雪中
31. take notes of=write down=copy down 写下，记下
32. have fun doing sth.很快乐的做某事33. play computer games打电脑游戏
34. for sale 供销售35. see you soon盼望很快见到你
36. in one’s opinion据某人看来,某人的观点上看37. win the first prize获得了一等奖
38.a famous basketball player著名的篮球运动员39. in the future在将来，今后
40. can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事41. the story goes that,据说,,
42. a busy day off 繁忙的假日，in one’s off hours在某人的休息时间the off season淡季
43. none of,,,当中没有一个
44. a heavy rain 一阵大雨 a light rain一阵小雨 a fine rain 一阵细雨
44. all day = all day long 整天all night = all night long整夜
【应掌握的句子】
1. How was your school trip?
2. Talk about events in the past.
3. Were there any sharks? No, there weren‘t any sharks, but there were some really smart seals.
4. What else did you do?
5. Finally, they took the school bus back to school.
6. At the end of the day, the science teacher was very happy because the students
7. The students had a terrible school trip.
8. They took the subway back to school.
9. She lives in California. The weather was beautiful.
10. On my next d ay off, I don‘t want to go for a drive. That sounds really boring.
11. Did you have fun camping?
12. No one came to the sale because the weather was so bad.
Unit 9 When was he born?
【语言目标】
Who‘s that? That‘s Deng Y
aping, She is a great ping-pong player.
When was she born? She was born in 1973.
Who is Shirley Temple? She is a movie star.
When did she become a movie star? When she was three years old.
【应掌握的词组】
1. ping-pong player乒乓球运动员
2. a great Chinese ping-pong player中国杰出的乒乓球运动员
3. start hiccupping 开始打嗝
4. too,to,太,,，而不,,
5. write musi c谱写曲子
6. a movie star电影明星
7. learn to ride a bicycle学会骑自行车8. start learning开始学英语
9. begin playing sports 开始进行体育运动10. a loving grandfather慈爱的祖父
11. spend all one’s free time with sb.与某人一起度过了所有的业余时间
12. a famous violinist 著名的小提琴手13. ice skating滑冰
14. a kind and loving grandmother和蔼而慈爱的祖母15. a skating champion 滑冰冠军16. the famous Chinese pianist中国著名的钢琴演奏家17. a small boy(girl)孩提时期
18. at the age of,在,,年龄时19. take part in参加、加入
20. begin to learn the accordion开始学习手风琴21. major in 主修，专修
22. start for a place=leave for a place动身去，23. because of 因为、由于
【应掌握的句子】
1．When was he born？
2．Who’s that? That’s Deng Yaping. She is a great Chinese ping-pong player.
3．How long did Charles Osborne hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years 5 months.
4．You are never too young to start doing things.
5．Tiger Woods started golfing when he was only ten months old.
6．Who is Shirley Temple? She’s a movie star.
When did she became a movie star?
She became a movie when she was three years old.
7．It was a comedy called “How Alone”.
8．Arthur is a loving grandfather. He spends all his free time with his grandchildren.
9．She toured the U.S. when she was fourteen.
10. When he was a small boy, he could hum songs and difficult pieces of music.
11. Who is the greatest man alive?
12. My mother bought a live fish.
13. The living people are more important.
Unit 10 I‘m going to be a basketball player
【语言目标】
? What are you going to be when you grow up? I‘m going to be a computer programmer.
? How are you going to do that? I‘m going to study computer science.
【应掌握的词组】
1. grow up 长大，成长
2. computer science计算机科学
3. be going to do 表示主观打算、准备或有信心做某事
4. computer programmer 电脑程序设计人
5. baseball player 棒球运动员
6. take acting lessons上演技课
7. professional basketball player职业篮球运动员8. practice basketball练习篮球
9. move somewhere=move to somewhere搬到（不具体的）某一地方
10. sound like 听起来像,,11. part-time 兼职的,full-time 全职的，全日制的12. a year or two 一两年=one or two years;
an hour or two=one or two hours一两个小时
a day or two=one or two days一两天
13. my dream job我梦想的工作14. what I want to do 我想做的事情
15. somewhere interesting有趣的地方16. a reporter for fashion magazine 时装杂志记者17. save some money 积蓄一些钱，攒钱18. at the same time与此同时
19. hold art exhibition举办美术展览20. all over the world全世界，世界各地
21. somewhere quiet and beautiful 安静而美丽的地方
22. send sth. to sb. 将某物发送给某人23. I’m not sure yet我还没有定下来
24. the Olympic Games=the Olympics奥运会25. New Year’s resolutions新年的决心
26. play an instrument 弹一种乐器27. get a part-time job找到一份兼职工作
28. make the soccer team组建足球队29. get good grades获得好成绩
30. eat healthier food吃健康的食物31. get lots of exercise多进行体育锻炼
32. take guitar lessons上吉他课33. I really love music我酷爱音乐
34. sounds interesting听起来很有意思35. communicate with sb.与某人交流
36. a foreign language teacher 一份当外语教师的工作
37. keep fit 保持身体健康38. work harder in school 在学校里更努力学习
39. make one’s resolution 表决心40. after high school=leave school中学毕业后
41. international magazines 国际杂志社42. the exchange students留学生
43. have a welcome party 召开一个欢迎会
【应掌握的句子】
1. I am going to be a basketball player.
dy computer science.
2. How are you going to do that? I‘m going to stu
3. Being a computer programmer is his dream.
4. Cheng Han is going to be an actor.
ork.
5. Where is Cheng Han going to move? He‘s going to move to New Y
6. Where are you going to work? I‘m not sure yet.Maybe Beijing or Shanghai.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
【语言目标】
? Could you take out the trash? Sure.
? Could I borrow the car? Sorry, but I need it, I have to go to a meeting,
? I have to make the bed and do the laundry.
【应掌握的词组】
1. could you please,你能,,吗？/请你干,,.好吗？
2. do the dishes 洗餐具
3. sweep the floor清扫地板
4. take out the trash倒垃圾
5. make one’s bed铺床
6. fold one’s clothes叠衣服
7. clean the living room 清扫客厅8. stay out late晚归
9. his father’s reason他父亲的理由10. get a ride搭车
11. use one’s computer 使用某人的电脑12. hate sth./to do sth.讨厌某事/做某事
13. do the laundry=do some washing=wash clothes洗衣服
14. make breakfast, make dinner, do some cooking 做饭
15. wash the car刷车16. work on 从事，忙于17. work at学习、致力于、在,,上下工夫18. borrow some money借一些钱19. invite sb. to do sth邀请某人做某事20. go to the store去商店21.agree sb. to do sth.同意某人做某事
22. agree with sb. =agree with what one says同意某人的意见
23.（需了解）make a deal作成交易 make a face做鬼脸；make a fool of捉弄，使出洋相make friends with与,,交朋友make a name for himself成名
make a note of注意，记下来make free with擅自使用
make fun of取笑make,into把,,作成，使变成
make it成功，到达某处make one’s living维持生活
make one’s way to前往某处make room腾出地方
make up编造make use of利用
24.borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物(借入)
25. lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.借给某人某物(借出) 26.ask for要求得到、要求见到
27. take care of = look after照顾、照看、照料take good care of=look after…well
28. need some help需要一些帮助29. come over过来
30. get angry生气31. have a test考试
32. make a clean sweep of 彻底扫除
【应掌握的句子】
1．Could you please clean your room?
2．Could you please open the door for me?
3．I hate to do chores.
4．Tell your partner your answer to activity 1a. Does your partner agree?
5．Thanks for taking care of my dog.
6．You are having a party. Ask your partner for help. Talk about these things.
7．Take him for a walk.
Give him water and feed him.
Then wash his bowl. Play with him.
Don‘t forget to clean his bed.
8．I’m going to move to a new house! I need some help.
best radio station?
Unit 12 what‘s the
【应掌握的词组】
1. the best radio station最好的无线电台
2. comfortable seats舒适的椅子
3. big screens大屏幕
4. friendly service友好的服务
5. new movies新电影
6. close to home离家近
7. in a fun part of town 在城镇闹区8. Town Cinema城镇电影院
9. Screen City大屏幕影视城10. Movie Palace电影艺术宫
11. Jeans Corner牛仔广角12.Trendy Teens时髦少年服装店
13. Easy Listening轻松听力14. have good quality clothes服装质量好
15. in town在城里, in the city在城市里in the country在乡下
16. the beat clothing store最好的服装店17. do a survey of 对,进行调查
18. all the movie theaters所有的电影院19. the most interesting music最有趣的音乐20.be(get, become, feel) interested in 对,感兴趣21.positive words肯定的词语
22. negative words否定的词语23. the most creative最有创造力的
24. the most boring最烦人的25. the math teacher数学老师
26. a great success巨大的成功27. win the prize for赢得,,的奖项
28. without musi c没有音乐伴奏下29. the funniest actor最滑稽的演员
30. the worst movie最差的电影31. action movies动作片
32. beautiful beaches美丽的海滩33. in the north of China在中国的北部
34. an Ice and Snow Festival冰雪节35. Central Park 中心公园
36. leader of a band乐队指挥37. Forbidden City紫禁城
38. elementary school 小学
【应掌握的句子】
radio station?
1. What‘s the best
2. How do you choose what movie theater to go to?
3. I think Gold Theater has the most comfortable seats.
4. What do young people think about places in town?
5. The film is interesting.
6. Where are we going for lunch?
7. My sister Isabel is the funniest person I know.
8. Last week‘s talent show was a great success.
9. He danced without music.
一语法：
（1）形容词和副词比较级相关知识点
一、有关原级的用法
1.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too
例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
My brother runs so fast that I can?t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
2.原级常用的句型结构
(1)―甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙‖表示―甲和乙程度相同‖或―甲是乙的几倍‖
例如，Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。
Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。
―甲+实意动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙‖表示―甲和乙程度相同‖或―甲是乙的几倍‖
例如，Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。
Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。
(2)―甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙‖甲不如乙…
例如，This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。
―甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙‖甲不如乙…
例如，He doesn‘t walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。
二、形容词副词比较级的用法
1.可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，…的多a little，a bit，…一点儿even甚至，still仍然
例如，Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。
Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。
This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快
She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。
2.比较级常用的句型结构
(1)―甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙‖表示―甲比乙…‖或―甲比乙…几倍‖
例如，Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。
This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。
―甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙‖表示―甲比乙…‖或―甲比乙…几倍‖
例如，I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。
He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。
(2)―甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)‖表示―甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……‖，含义是―甲最……‖。
例如，The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。
=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。
=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。
注意：The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。
―甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)‖表示―甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……‖，含义是―甲最……‖。
例如，Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。
= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。
迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一注意：Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom‘s class.
个班)
表示―甲是两者中较……的‖。
(3)―甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+……‖
例如，Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。
(4)―比较级+and+比较级‖表示―越来越……‖。
例如，He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。
The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。
He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。
(5)―the+比较级，the+比较级‖表示―越……，越……‖。
例如，The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you‘ll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。
(6)―特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，甲or乙？‖
例如，Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？
―特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级，甲or乙？‖
例如，Who draws better，Jenny or Danny？谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？
3.最高级常用句型结构
(1)―主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语‖表示―……是……中最……的‖。
例如，Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。
This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。
―主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语‖表示―……是……中最……的‖。
例如，I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。
(2)―主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语‖表示―……是……中最……之一‖。
例如，Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。
(3)―特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？‖用于三者以上的比较。
例如，Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？
―特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲，乙，or丙？‖用于三者以上的比较
例如，Which season do you like (the) best，spring，summer or autumn？你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？
三、形容词和副词比较级常用句型
1.当A > B时，用―比较级+ than +比较对象‖来表示。
如：My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。
She got there earlier than I did. 她比我到得早。
注意：一般来说，比较对象为人称代词时，用主格或宾格均可。但是，当句子中谓语动词为及物动词时，人称代词用主格或宾
格意义不同。
如：I like you better than he (likes you). 我比他更喜欢你。
I like you better than (he likes) him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。
2.当A > B，但B包含A时，则须用other来将A排除出去，即：（1）用―比较级+ than + any other +名词单数‖来表示。如：China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比其他任何亚洲国家都要大。
（2）用―比较级+ than + any of the other +名词复数‖来表示。
如：He is older than any of the other boys in his class. 他比他班上任何同学年纪都大。
（3）用―比较级+ than + all the other +名词复数‖来表示。
如：Your department spent more last year than all the other departments put together.
你们部门去年的花销比其他所有部门的加起来还多。
来表示。
（4）用―比较级+ than + （any of）the others‖
如：I received less money than the others did. 我比别人收到的钱少。
5）用―比较级+ than + the other +名词复数‖来表示。
如：He is cleverer than the other students in his class. 他比班上其他学生聪明。
来表示。
6）用―比较级+ than + anyone else‖
如：You know him better than anyone else. 你对他比任何别人都更了解。
3.当A > B，但B不包含A时，句型为：
（1）用―比较级+ than + any of the +名词复数‖来表示。
如：He is richer than any of the people here. 他比这儿的任何人都有钱。
（2）用―比较级+ than + any +名词单数‖来表示。
如：I?m taller than any student of your class. 我比你们班的任何学生都高。
4.当A = B时，用―as +原级+ as +比较对象‖来表示。
如：She is as tall as me. 她与我一样高。
He gets up as early as his parents. 他起床与他父母起得一样早。
-规则变化如下:
1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。
great (原级) (比较级) (最高级)
2) 以-e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-r 和-st 构成。
wide (原级) (比较级) (最高级)
3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。
clever(原级) (比较级) (最高级)
4) 以-y 结尾,但-y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y 去掉,加上-ier 和-est 构成.
happy (原形) (比较级) (最高级)
5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est。
big (原级) (比较级) (最高级)
6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和most 加在形容词前面来构成。
beautiful (原级)?(比较级) (比较级)
difficult (原级) (最高级) (最高级)
常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:
原级------比较级------最高级
good------better------best many------more------most
much------more------most bad------worse------worst
far------farther, further------farthest, furthest
三、用适当形式填空：
1. Bob is _________ ( young ) than Fred but __________ (tall) than Fred.
2. Yingtian is not as ___________ (tall) asYongxian.
3. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _______ (fat) than before .
4. Which is _________ (heavy), a hen or a chicken?
5.-- How _________ (tall) is Sally?
-- She' s 1.55 metres ________ (tall). What about Xiaoling?
-- She' s only 1.40 metres ______ (tall). She is much _______(short) than Sally. She is also the _______ (short)girlin theclass.
6. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _________ (bad) at English.
7. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world.
8.He is one of the_________(friendly) people in the class, I think.
9. A dictionary is much _________ (expensive) than a story-book.
10. An orange ia a little ______ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.
11.Miss Chen is __________ _________than Mr. Wang. (popular)
12. Mr. Lin ________ ________ _________ Mr. Brown. (sad)
13. The basketball _______ ________ ________ the baseball. (big)
14. Question A _______ ________ _________ ________ Question B. (important)
15. A rose ________ ________ __________ ________ a weed(野草). (beautiful)
16. Toronto is _____ ______ city in Canada. (large)
17. Playing computer games is______ _____ _____ of all the activities.(interesting).
18. The Nile(尼羅河) is ______ ________river in the world. (long)
19. Good health is _______ _______ ________thing life. (important)
20. Taking a taxi is ______ _______ way to get to the airport. (easy)
21. Test 1 is _____ _______ _________of all the tests. （difficult）22. He is ________than any other boy in the class.（clever）
23. She is_______ than all the other students. (young)
24. The window is ________ ________ of the two. (narrow)
25. Where is the ________bus-stop? (near)
26. He is one of ________ ________ _______Politicians. (famous)
27. Tom drives much ________ ________than John. (careful)
28. The white flower is ________(beautiful). The yellow flower is ______ _______ (beautiful)than the white flower. The red flower is
the _____ ______ of the three.
（2）英语代词情态动词总结及练习题
情态动词专题：
（一）情态动词的定义情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。
（二）情态动词的特点1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；
3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带to的不定式）一起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）。（三）情态动词的分类和意义意义情态动词
（四）情态动词的基本用法
1.can (could)1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。Could the girl read she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？
2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。
The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing. 气温可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。
car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。
He can‘t (couldn‘t) have enough money for a new
You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. Y ou could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。
3）表示允许。Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。
4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？
他不可能超过六十岁。
He can‘t (couldn‘t) be over sixty.
How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？
5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？
. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。
I‘m afraid we couldn‘t give you an answer today
2.may (might)
1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。
He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。
May (Might) I ask for photo your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？在回答以may引起的问句时，多避
ou‘d better not. / No, you mustn‘t.
等，
免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don‘t ./ Y
以免显得太严峻或不客气。
2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。
He may be at home. 他可能在家。
She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。
He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。
他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。
They might be having a meeting, but I‘m not sure.
3.Must
1）表示义务。意为―必须‖（主观意志）。
We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。
You mustn‘t talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。
--Must we hand in our exercise—books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？
）
--No, you needn‘t. / No, you don‘t have to.
不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustn‘ｔ
2）表示揣测。意为―想必、准是、一定‖等，只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。
She‘s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of mone y. 她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。
4.Shall
1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。Shall I get some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？
Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？
2）表说话人的意愿，有―命令、允诺、警告、决心‖等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令）
You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。
（允诺）He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。
（警告）Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）
5.Will
1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。
None is so blind as those who won‘t see.
不愿看的人眼最瞎。
If you will read the这本书，我会把它借给你。
2）表请求，用于疑问句。
请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。
Will you close the window? It‘s a bit cold.
Won‘t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？
3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。The door won‘t open. 这门打不开。
The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车
辆行人通过。
6.Should
1）表义务。意为―应该‖（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。You shouldn‘t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。
2）表推测，意为―想必一定、照说应该、估计‖等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。
They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。
7.Would
1）表意I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。
2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？
Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？
They wouldn‘t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。
3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她
每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。
8.ought to
1）表义务，意为―应该‖（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。You are his father. You ought to take care
of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他。You oughtn‘t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。
2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。
Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。
There‘s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4e4074768.html,ed to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。
There used to be a building at the street corner, bn. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。
我过去不抽烟。
I usedn‘t (didn‘t use) to smoke.
Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗？
（一）need和dare的用法
need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实
义动词时，可用于各种句式。
1.用作情态动词--Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要来吗？--需要。
You needn‘t telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。
I don‘t think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。
She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。
How dare you say I‘m unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平？
Not one of them dared mention this. 他们谁也不敢提这件事。
need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。
2.用作实义动词You don‘ｔ
We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。
The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。
We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。
He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。
为固定习语）
I dare day he‘ll come again. 我想他会再来的。（I dare say…
（二）情态动词后跟完完成这项工作的。
He isn‘t here. He must have missed the train. 他还未到，一定是没赶上火车。
Where can (could) he gone? 他能到那里去了呢？
You may (might) have read about it. 你可能在报上已经读到这件事了。
You could (might) have been more careful. 你本来可以更细心的。
He needn‘t have worried it. 他本不必为此事担心。
There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party. You ought to have come, but why didn't you? 昨天的聚会非常有意
思。你本应该来，为何不来呢？
ust 2.情态动词后跟进行式，表示―想必正在……‖，―可能正在……‖，―应当正在‖等意。It‘s twelve o‘clock. They m having lunch. 现在是十二点。他们一定正在吃饭。
1．May I stop my car here? No, you_＿＿＿. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. don't have to
2. Must we clean the house now? No, you _______. A. needn't B. may not C. mustn't D. can't
3. John his father about his failure in the exam. A. dares not tell B. dares not telling C. dare not tell D. dares not to tell
4. You ___return the book now. You can keep it next week if you like. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not
5. Johnny, you play with the knife, you ___hurt yourself.
A. won't...can't
B. mustn't...may
C. shouldn't, must
D. can't...shouldn't
6. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_____ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
7. Would you go out for a walk with me? No, I . My girl friend is coming. A. wouldn't B. shall not C. won't D. shouldn't
8. Man____ die without water. A. will B. can C. need D. shall
9. If he started at 9 0'clock, he be there by now. A. need B. shall C. ought to D. must
10. I mailed the letter two weeks ago. She_____it.A. must receive B. can't receive C. might receive D. must have received
11.The professor gave orders that the experiment_____ before 5:30p.m.
A. be finished
B. will finish
C. must be finished
D. would be finished
12. There was plenty of time. You_____.
A. mustn't hurry
B. mustn't have hurried
C. needn't hurry
D. needn't have hurried
13. Tom was a diligent boy. He___ go to school though it was raining hard. A.was able to B. could C. couldn't D. wasn't able to
14. ______I go back before lunch? No, I don't think you________.A. Need...must B. Do...need to C. Must...have to D. May .... ought to
15. The teacher___ do all the exercises, but a pupil_______.
A. needn't....must
B. may not...must
C. needn't....needn't
D. can't....must
16. Would you open the window please ? Yes, I______. A. will B. would C. do D. can
17. A lion only attacks a human being when it is hungry. A. Should B. Can C. will D. shall
18. ____Must I finish this novel this morning ? ____No, you_____. A. mustn't B. might not C. don't have to D. can't
19. The taxi ____ only hold six passengers. It is full. You take the next one.A. may...may B. can...may C. may...can D. must...can
20. I a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.A. may come B. may have come C. could have come D. must have come
八年级数学上册 知识点总结
《数学》（八年级上册）知识点总结 第一章 勾股定理 1、勾股定理 直角三角形两直角边a ，b 的平方和等于斜边c 的平方，即2 2 2 c b a =+ 2、勾股定理的逆定理 如果三角形的三边长a ，b ，c 有关系2 2 2 c b a =+，那么这个三角形是直角三角形。 3、勾股数：满足2 2 2 c b a =+的三个正整数，称为勾股数。 第二章 实数 一、实数的概念及分类 1、实数的分类 正有理数 有理数 零 有限小数和无限循环小数 实数 负有理数 正无理数 无理数 无限不循环小数 负无理数 2、无理数：无限不循环小数叫做无理数。 在理解无理数时，要抓住“无限不循环”这一时之，归纳起来有四类： （1）开方开不尽的数，如32,7等； （2）有特定意义的数，如圆周率π，或化简后含有π的数，如 3 π +8等； （3）有特定结构的数，如0.1010010001…等； （4）某些三角函数值，如sin60o 等 二、实数的倒数、相反数和绝对值 1、相反数 实数与它的相反数时一对数（只有符号不同的两个数叫做互为相反数，零的相反数是零），从数轴上看，互为相反数的两个数所对应的点关于原点对称，如果a 与b 互为相反数，则有a+b=0，a=—b ，反之亦成立。 2、绝对值 在数轴上，一个数所对应的点与原点的距离，叫做该数的绝对值。（|a|≥0）。零的绝对值是它本身，也可看成它的相反数，若|a|=a ，则a ≥0；若|a|=-a ，则a ≤0。 3、倒数 如果a 与b 互为倒数，则有ab=1，反之亦成立。倒数等于本身的数是1和-1。零没有倒数。 4、数轴 规定了原点、正方向和单位长度的直线叫做数轴（画数轴时，要注意上述规定的三要素缺一不可）。 解题时要真正掌握数形结合的思想，理解实数与数轴的点是一一对应的，并能灵活运用。 5、估算
七年级英语上册语法学习知识点总结.doc
七年级英语上册语法学习知识点总结 初一英语语法学习知识点总结初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常 用语出发的，但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小，容易被忽视，但这些知识点掌握不熟练，往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时，要认真、细心，不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面，总结出了初一英语语法，如果要复习英语句法的同学，可以参考一下，一、初一英语语法——词法1、名词a）、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, americans, germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加 es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, chinese, japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
初一下册英语语法总结
初一下册英语语法总结 初一下册英语语法总结 7.if+一般现在时.剩下部分一般将来时(will)8.When someone is in trouble we mustn't laugh at him.9.It's the +n beginning of a new term.三种时态:一般过去时态Be动词过去式的句式。否定句是在was/were后面加not, was not=wasn’t/were not=weren’t。一般疑问句是把was/were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大写。实义动词过去式的句式： 肯定式： 主语+动词故去式+其它。如，They had a good time yesterday.否定式： 主语+did not+动词原形+其他。如，They didn’t have a good time yesterday.一般疑问句： Did+主语+动词原形+其它?肯定回答： Yes,主语+did. 否定回答： No,主语+didn’t.如，Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?如，What time did you finish your homework?一般现在时态当主语是第三人称单数时，肯定句为： 主语+动词的s形式+宾语否定句为： 主语+助动词doesn't+动词原形+宾语疑问句为：
Does+主语+动词原形+宾语肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词does.注： 第三人称单数用了 does 后面就不用动词的s形式了,而用动词原形.动词的一般现在时态, 除了第三人称单数(he she it) 外,其余都 用动词原形。当主语是其他人称时，肯定句为： 主语+动词原形+宾语否定句为： 主语+助动词don't+动词原形+宾语疑问句为： Do+主语+动词原形+宾语肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词do.注： 变为疑问句,要在句首加"do" ; 变为否定句, 要在动词前面加"do not", 可以简写为 "don't".知识点： 1.现在进行时的主要结构用来表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行的动作和用来表示当前的活动或现极端一直在进行着的动作。在其句子中 一般都会有两个词与时态有关： 1)表示时间的状语2)动词的相应变化。如，I’m reading a book now.在这个句子中，时间状语now,决定了时态为现在进行时，而动词am reading也体现了现在进行时。肯定句： 主语+be+v.ing+…否定句： 主语+be+v.ing+…疑问句： Be+主语+ving?特殊疑问句+be+主语+ving?2.ving形式的构成1)直接在动词原形末尾加-ing,如play-playing2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing,如have-having3)以重读闭音节结尾的单词，结尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写这个字母，再加-ing。如，begin-beginning。
人教版八年级上册数学各单元知识点归纳总结
第十一章三角形 一、知识框架： 二、知识概念： 1.三角形：由不在同一直线上的三条线段首尾顺次相接所组成的图形叫做三角形. 2.三边关系：三角形任意两边的和大于第三边，任意两边的差小于第三边. 3.高：从三角形的一个顶点向它的对边所在直线作垂线，顶点和垂足间的线段叫做三角形 的高. 4.中线：在三角形中，连接一个顶点和它对边中点的线段叫做三角形的中线. 5.角平分线：三角形的一个内角的平分线与这个角的对边相交，这个角的顶点和交点之间 的线段叫做三角形的角平分线. 6.三角形的稳定性：三角形的形状是固定的，三角形的这个性质叫三角形的稳定性. 7.多边形：在平面内，由一些线段首尾顺次相接组成的图形叫做多边形. 8.多边形的内角：多边形相邻两边组成的角叫做它的内角. 9.多边形的外角：多边形的一边与它的邻边的延长线组成的角叫做多边形的外角. 10.多边形的对角线：连接多边形不相邻的两个顶点的线段，叫做多边形的对 角线. 11.正多边形：在平面内，各个角都相等，各条边都相等的多边形叫正多边形. 12.平面镶嵌：用一些不重叠摆放的多边形把平面的一部分完全覆盖，叫做用 多边形覆盖平面， 13.公式与性质： ⑴三角形的内角和：三角形的内角和为180° ⑵三角形外角的性质： 性质1：三角形的一个外角等于和它不相邻的两个内角的和. 性质2：三角形的一个外角大于任何一个和它不相邻的内角. n-·180° ⑶多边形内角和公式：n边形的内角和等于(2) ⑷多边形的外角和：多边形的外角和为360°. n-条对角 ⑸多边形对角线的条数：①从n边形的一个顶点出发可以引(3)
线，把多边形分成(2)n -个三角形.②n 边形共有(3)2 n n -条对角线. 第十二章 全等三角形 一、知识框架： 二、知识概念： 1.基本定义： ⑴全等形：能够完全重合的两个图形叫做全等形. ⑵全等三角形：能够完全重合的两个三角形叫做全等三角形. ⑶对应顶点：全等三角形中互相重合的顶点叫做对应顶点. ⑷对应边：全等三角形中互相重合的边叫做对应边. ⑸对应角：全等三角形中互相重合的角叫做对应角. 2.基本性质： ⑴三角形的稳定性：三角形三边的长度确定了，这个三角形的形状、大小就全确定，这个性质叫做三角形的稳定性. ⑵全等三角形的性质：全等三角形的对应边相等，对应角相等. 3.全等三角形的判定定理： ⑴边边边（SSS ）：三边对应相等的两个三角形全等. ⑵边角边（SAS ）：两边和它们的夹角对应相等的两个三角形全等. ⑶角边角（ASA ）：两角和它们的夹边对应相等的两个三角形全等. ⑷角角边（AAS ）：两角和其中一个角的对边对应相等的两个三角形全等. ⑸斜边、直角边（HL ）：斜边和一条直角边对应相等的两个直角三角形 全等. 4.角平分线： ⑴画法： ⑵性质定理：角平分线上的点到角的两边的距离相等. ⑶性质定理的逆定理：角的内部到角的两边距离相等的点在角的平分线上. 5.证明的基本方法： ⑴明确命题中的已知和求证.（包括隐含条件，如公共边、公共角、对顶 角、角平分线、中线、高、等腰三角形等所隐含的边角关系）
七年级下册英语语法重点归纳整理
七年级下册英语语法重点归纳整理 Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from? 一.短语： 1 .be from = come from 来自于---- 2. live in 居住在--- 3. on weekends 在周末 4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信;写信给某人 5 .in the world 在世界上in China 在中国 6.pen pal 笔友14 years old 14岁favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7.the United States 美国the United Kingdom 英国New York 纽约 8.speak English 讲英语like and dislike 爱憎 9.go to the movies 去看电影play sports 做运动 二.重点句式： 1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live? 3 What language(s) does he speak? 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon? 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. Unit 2 Where’s the post office?
八年级上册英语语法归纳
八年级上册英语语法归纳 【篇一】 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的? 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father’s job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如： ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特? ---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制;而Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如： What color do you like best? (所有颜色) 你最喜爱什么颜色? Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范围) 你最喜爱哪一种颜色? 3. what 与which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如：Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国? 4) 频度副词的位置 1.常见的频度副词有以下这些： always(总是，一直) usually(通常)
often(常常，经常) sometimes(有时候) never(从不) 2.频度副词的位置： a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如： David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。 b.放在行为动词前。如： We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7：10去上学。 c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。 3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：Never have I been there. 5) every day 与everyday 1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如： We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天7：10去上学。 I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。 2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。 She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
初二上册数学知识点汇总完整版!!!
初二上册数学知识点汇总完整版！！！ 初二数学上上册知识点 第十一章三角形 一、知识框架： 二、知识概念： 1、三角形：由不在同一直线上的三条线段首尾顺次相接所组成的图形叫做三角形。 2、三边关系：三角形任意两边的和大于第三边，任意两边的差小于第三边。 3、高：从三角形的一个顶点向它的对边所在直线作垂线，顶点和垂足间的线段叫做三角形的高。 4、中线：在三角形中，连接一个顶点和它对边中点的线段叫做三角形的中线。 5、角平分线：三角形的一个内角的平分线与这个角的对边相交，这个角的顶点和交点之间的线段叫做三角形的角平分线。 6、三角形的稳定性：三角形的形状是固定的，三角形的这个性质叫三角形的稳定性。
7、多边形：在平面内，由一些线段首尾顺次相接组成的图形叫做多边形。 8、多边形的内角：多边形相邻两边组成的角叫做它的内角。 9、多边形的外角：多边形的一边与它的邻边的延长线组成的角叫做多边形的外角。 10、多边形的对角线：连接多边形不相邻的两个顶点的线段，叫做多边形的对角线。 11、正多边形：在平面内，各个角都相等，各条边都相等的多边形叫正多边形。 12、平面镶嵌：用一些不重叠摆放的多边形把平面的一部分完全覆盖，叫做用多边形覆盖平面。 13、公式与性质： （1）三角形的内角和：三角形的内角和为180°（2）三角形外角的性质：性质1：三角形的一个外角等于和它不相邻的两个内角的和。性质2：三角形的一个外角大于任何一个和它不相邻的内角。（3）多边形内角和公式：边形的内角和等于·180°（4）多边形的外角和：多边形的外角和为360°（5）多边形对角线的条数：①从边形的一个顶点出发可以引条对角线，把多边形分成个三角形。②边形共有条对角线。 初二数学上上册知识点 第十二章全等三角形
人教版七年级英语上个单元重点语法归纳总结
七年级英语上Unit1 My name’s Gina. What’s your name? 你叫什么名字？Alan./I’m Alan./My name’s Alan. Alan./我是Alan./我的名字是Alan. What’s his name? 他叫什么名字？He’s Eric./His name’s Eric. 他是埃里克。/他的名字是埃里克。 What’s her name? 她叫什么名字？She’s Mary/Her name’s Mary. 她是玛丽。/她的名字是玛丽。 Is he Jack? 他是杰克吗？Yes, he is./No, he isn’t. His name is Mike. 是的，他是。/不，他是迈克。 Are you Helen? 你是海伦吗？Yes, I am./No, I’m not. I’m Gina. 是，我是。/不，我不是，我是吉娜。 what’s=what is name’s=name is I’m=I am he’s=he is she’s=she is 重点语法： 1、英文名Tony Brown中Tony为first name（名），Brown为last name或family name（姓）。 2、人称代词 人称 单数复数 主格宾格主格宾格 第一人称I me we us 第二人称you you you you 第三人称he she it him her it they them
3、物主代词 单 数 复 数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 形容词性 物主代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性 物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 中 文 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他（她、它）们的 记忆口诀：一个变（my 变成mine ），两个不变（his,its ），其它的都加“ s ” 。 人称代词和Be 动词在一般现在时的用法 主语 be 主语 be I am we are you are you are he is they are she is it is Be 动词在一般现在时中，单数is, 复数are 物主代词 I my we our you your you your he his they their she her it its I my mine we our ours 单复数 人 称 类 别
初一下册英语语法总结外研版
初一下册英语语法总结外研版 导读：本文初一下册英语语法总结外研版，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears? (语法点总结)一．重点词组eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cuteplay with her friends kind of South Africa other animalsat night in the day every day during the day二. 交际用语1. Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever.2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting.3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.4. What other animals do you like?I like dogs, too. Why?Because they’re friendly and clever.5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.6. She’s very shy.7. He is from Australia. 8．He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.10．Let’s see the pandas first.11．They’re kind of interesting.12．What other animals do you like? 13．Why do you want to see the lions?三. 重点难点释义1、kind of 有点，稍微Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。kind 还有“种类”的意思如：各种各样的all kinds ofWe have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.2、China n. 中国Africa n. 非洲China 和
人教版八年级英语上册重点语法及句型归纳
1、不定代词 A.形容词修饰不定代词时，要后知，做后置定语。 I’ll tell you something interesting. B. 不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。 Everyone is here. 2、一般过去时：在一般过去式的句子中，要注意不规则动词过去式的形式与拼写，要牢记一般过去时的时间状语。 I went to the cinema yesterday. / He hurt his foot last night. 3、频度副词：在使用频度副词时，要注意频度副词在句子中的位置是：置于be动词/情态动词/助动词之后，置于实意动词之前，而且对频度副词疑问要用 how often。 He always sits in the front of the classroom. / I am never late for school. ------How often do you watch TV? -----Every night. 4、形容词、副词的比较等级 A.Than 是比较级的标志词，than前的形容词或副词要用比较级。 He is taller than me. B.有比较范围（如： in 或 of 短语）时，用最高级。 He is the tallest of the three boys. C.形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the. I’m the best student in my class.
D.不规则变化的形容词、副词的比较等级要记牢。 He plays the piano worst. 5、动词不定式 A.跟动词不定式作宾语的常用动词要记牢。如：agree (同意)； offer (提出)； intend， plan (打算，计划)； demand， ask (要求)； promise (答应)； help (帮忙)； prepare (准备)； decide (决定)； refuse (拒绝)；dare (敢于)； choose (选择)； wish，hope，want， expect ,would like (希望，想要)； fail ；（不能；忘记）； pretend (假装)； manage (设法)； determine （决心）。 记忆口诀：同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心坚。 B.要注意区分某些动词跟动词不定式和动名词所表达的不同意义，如 stop doing 和 stop to do 的区别。既能接不定式，又能接动词-ing 形式，但意思不同的动词或词组：即“四'记’”“力争”“不、后悔”。四“记”指“记得、记住（remember）”；“忘记（forget）”“计划、打算（mean）”；“继续（go on)”；力争指“try”；“不”“后悔” 6、一般将来时 A.要注意一般将来时的构成：be going to do 和 will do. B. 一般将来时的时间状语： next month / week / ....., in + 时间段，tomorrow 等。
人教版初二数学上册知识点归纳
人教版初二数学上册 因式分解 1.因式分解：把一个多项式化为几个整式的积的形式，叫做把这个多项式因式 分解；注意：因式分解与乘法是相反的两个转化 ? 2?因式分解的方法：常用“提取公因式法”、“公式法”、“分组分解法”、“十字 相乘法”. 3?公因式的确定：系数的最大公约数?相同因式的最低次幕 . 注意公式：a+b=b+a ； a-b=-(b-a); (a-b)2=(b-a)2； (a-b)3=-(b-a)3. 4 ?因式分解的公式： (1) 平方差公式：a2-b2= (a+ b ) (a- b ); ⑵完全平方公式： a2+2ab+b2=(a+b)2, a2-2ab+b2=(a-b)2. 5?因式分解的注意事项： (1) 选择因式分解方法的一般次序是：一 提取、二 公式、三 分组、四 十字; (2) 使用因式分解公式时要特别注意公式中的字母都具有整体性； (3) 因式分解的最后结果要求分解到每一个因式都不能分解为止； (4) 因式分解的最后结果要求每一个因式的首项符号为正； (5) 因式分解的最后结果要求加以整理； (6) 因式分解的最后结果要求相同因式写成乘方的形式 . 6 ?因式分解的解题技巧：(1)换位整理，加括号或去括号整理；(2 )提负号; (3)全变号；(4)换元；(5)配方；(6)把相同的式子看作整体；(7)灵活分 组；(8)提取分数系数；(9)展开部分括号或全部括号；(10)拆项或补项. 7?完全平方式：能化为(m+n ) 2的多项式叫完全平方式；对于二次三项式 x2+px+q , 有“ x2+px+q 是完全平方式二 2 ” . 分式 A 1 ?分式：一般地，用 A 、B 表示两个整式，A - B 就可以表示为B 的形式，如 A 果B 中含有字母，式子B 叫做分式. 3. 对于分式的两个重要判断：(1)若分式的分母为零，则分式无意义，反之有 意义；(2)若分式的分子为零，而分母不为零，则分式的值为零；注意：若分式 的分子为零，而分母也为零，则分式无意义. 有理式 2.有理式：整式与分式统称有理式；即 整式 分式
七年级初一上册英语语法大总结
七年级（初一）上册英语语法大总结 初中英语并不难学，只要掌握了诀窍一切都易如反掌这里为你集锦了初一一年来的语法知识，希望对广大同学们有所帮助。 .初一 1.there be 句型“有”指“某地有某物”形式：there is, there are 例：There is some food in the fridge。冰箱里有一些食物。 There are many books on the desk. 桌上有许多书。 区分：there is 用于修饰单数名词和不可数名词，例如：a book , an egg, milk， ice-cream ....... there are 用来修饰可数名词复数 如果要表达某处没有某物则要用there be 句型的否定形式，即在there be 后加not ,即 there be not 形式：there is not (there isn't) there are not (there aren't) 例： There isn't any milk in a glass。 There aren't any vegetables in the fridge. 若表示是否有，则要用 there be 句型的疑问句即把be 提前 Be there 形式Is there , Are there 例：Is there any milk in the glass?
Are there any vegetables in the fridge? 注意：这里涉及some any 的用法 some 用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是在表示请求的 疑问句中，是想要得到肯定答复的，要用some。例：Would you like some milk? 对于there be 疑问句的回答：肯定：Yes,there is\are. No,there isn't\aren't. 2.have\has got 有指某人有某物 例：I have a dog.我有一只狗。 He has a sister and a brother.他有一个姐姐和一个弟弟。 区分：have\ has: have用来修饰第一人称和第二人称和第三人称复数（I ，we ，they) has用来修饰第三人称单数（she, he , it ） 若表示某人没有某物，则要用否定形式，即在have\has got 后加not 即have not (haven't)got ,has not (hasn't)got. 例：I haven't got a sister but i have a brother. She hasn't got bright eyes and long hairs. 某人是否有某物则要用have\has got的疑问形式，Have\Has +sb.\sth. + got Have they got a picnic at weekends? Has the dog got a host family?（寄宿家庭）
人教版七年级英语语法总结
七年级英语语法----时态（一般现在时现在进行时一般过去时）学习手册 在七年级英语学习中我们主要学习了３种时态，即一般现在时现在进行时一般过去时。今天我们就将这３种时态进行对比学习。Come on my friends! 一、一般现在时 定义：表示经常、反复发生的动作，经常存在的状态或者习惯性动作（有时间规律发生的事情）的一种时间状态。（很拗口，但要学会就必须深刻体会，so please 将其狂读3遍） 具体用法 1、表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。（always, usually, often, sometimes, every day\ morning\ night\ evening\afternoon\week,） e.g. I go to school at 8:00 every morning. 2 表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态及喜好等。 e.g She is 11 years old . I don’t like English. She can speak English well. 3表示客观事实和普遍真理。 e.g The earth moves around the sun. 基本结构构成 含有be（am、is 、are）动词的用法 肯定句：I am+其它 You \ they\ we are +其它 She \he \ it+is +其它 否定句：I am not+ 其它。 You \ they\ we are not +其它 She \he \ it+is +not +其它 一般疑问句及回答： Are you +其它？ 肯定回答：yes, I am. 否定回答：no, I am not. Are you\ they\ you+ 其它？ 肯定回答: yes,we \they are. 否定回答：no, we \they are not. Is she\ he \it+其它？ 肯定回答: yes,she \he \it is. 否定回答:no,she \he \it is not. 从上面结构中你能总结出be动词的用法吗？单数________，复数_________ ；我用_________，你用__________ ，______________-连着她他它。
八年级上册英语语法汇总
一. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 （1）单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est。 ①单音节单词 small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest ②少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词 clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest （2）以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st。
large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest （3）以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）单词中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest （4）以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest （5）其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily （6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→furthest/farthest 2. 形容词和副词比较级的用法 （1）“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。 Tom is taller than Kate. 汤姆比凯特高。
初二上数学知识点总结
初二上数学知识点总结 初二上数学知识点总结 多做好知识点归纳，对自己的学习很有帮助，今天我们就一起来看看初二上数学知识点总结吧! 初二上数学知识点总结 1 全等三角形的对应边、对应角相等 2 边角边公理(SAS) 有两边和它们的夹角对应相等的两个三角形全等 3 角边角公理( ASA)有两角和它们的夹边对应相等的两个三角形全等 4 推论(AAS) 有两角和其中一角的对边对应相等的两个三角形全等 5 边边边公理(SSS) 有三边对应相等的两个三角形全等 6 斜边、直角边公理(HL) 有斜边和一条直角边对应相等的两个直角三角形全等 7 定理1 在角的'平分线上的点到这个角的两边的距离相等 8 定理2 到一个角的两边的距离相同的点,在这个角的平分线上
9 角的平分线是到角的两边距离相等的所有点的集合 10 等腰三角形的性质定理等腰三角形的两个底角相等(即等边对等角) 21 推论1 等腰三角形顶角的平分线平分底边并且垂直于底边 22 等腰三角形的顶角平分线、底边上的中线和底边上的 高互相重合 23 推论3 等边三角形的各角都相等,并且每一个角都等 于60° 24 等腰三角形的判定定理如果一个三角形有两个角相等,那么这两个角所对的边也相等(等角对等边) 25 推论1 三个角都相等的三角形是等边三角形 26 推论 2 有一个角等于60°的等腰三角形是等边三角 形 27 在直角三角形中,如果一个锐角等于30°那么它所对 的直角边等于斜边的一半 28 直角三角形斜边上的中线等于斜边上的一半 29 定理线段垂直平分线上的点和这条线段两个端点的距离相等 30 逆定理和一条线段两个端点距离相等的点,在这条线 段的垂直平分线上
七年级上册英语语法知识总结
七年级上册英语语法知 识总结 TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】
七年级上册英语语法知识总结1、词语分类： （1）名词(n.):表示名称的词。 （2）动词（v.）表示动作或者状态的词。 （3）形容词(adj.)：修饰名词，表示人或者事物特征的词。 （4）副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或者副词。 （5）冠词（art.）：用于名词前，说明所指事物。 （6）代词(pron.);代替名词。 （7）数词(num.):表示数量或者顺序。 （8）连词（conj.）连接词与词，短语与短语，句子与句子。 （9）介词(prep.)：表示名词与其他词的关系，方位介词，时间介词等。 （10）感叹词(conj.)：表情感的词。 2、名词 分类： （1）专有名词：表示人、地方、团体、机构名称的词。 （2）普通名词：分为可数名词和不可数名词。 （3）可数名词：单数变复数的规则。 规则变换： ①普通的加，如book-- ； ②以，，，，等结尾的，加，如：class- ,box- ,watch- ,dish- ； ③以辅音加y结尾的，变为加；如：family- ;
④以o结尾的，有生命的加，无生命的加，如photo- , tomoto- ; ⑤以fe结尾的变fe为，如life- ,knife- ; 不规则变换：man- ,woman- ,child- . 所有格： “XX的”，以s结尾的在末尾加，不以s结尾的加。例如：Mary- 。parents- .另外要分清单独拥有和共同所有，例如：Lucy’s and Lily’s , Lucy and Lily’s 。 2、冠词 （1）定冠词the的用法：表示特定的一类人、事物，表示这、那、这些、那些的意思。在元音音素前发，在辅音音素前发。 特殊用法：①用在世界独一无二或者方位名词前，如：the east. the sun. ②用在序数词和形容词最高级前。 ③用在乐器名词前，如:play the piano. ④y用在山川河流湖泊前。 ⑤用在表复数的姓氏名词前，如：the Greens. ⑥用在某些形容词前表一类人或者物。如：the rich ,the old. （2）不定冠词：a：，an . 3、（1）人称代词
2020初一下册英语语法知识点总结
2020初一下册英语语法知识点总结 初一的英语大部分都是衔接小学的，初一的英语词汇量也不多，语法和句型都比较简单，用心学就能学好。 初一下册英语语法知识 一. 时间的表达法 (1)直读式，即直接读出时间数字 7: 05 sevenfive 8:16 eight sixteen (2) 过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。(以30分为分界线) 1:25 twenty-five pastone 2:30 halfpast two 3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five (3)12小时制 6:00 a.m. 上午6点8:20 p.m. 下午8点20分 (4)24小时制
13:00 13点钟22:15 22点15分 (5)15分可用quarter 4:15 a quarter pastfour 5:45 a quarter to six (6)时间前通常用介词at at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m. 二. 关于时间的问法 (1)以when提问,“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段，也可以是较短的时间点，如： ①When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候? ②My birthday is Dec. 29th. 我的生日是12月29日。 这里就是指一天的时间段 ①When do you go home? 你几点回家?
②I go home at 4:30 p.m. 我下午4：30回家. 这里when问的是具体的时间。 (2)具体几点我们通常用what time提问，如： ①What time is it now?/What’s the time now? 现在几点了? It’s 9:26. 现在九点二十六。 ②What time is it by your watch? 你手表几点了? It’s 8:36. Oh, It’s50 minutes late. 8:36，哦，它慢了50分钟。 ③What time do you get up? 你几点起床? I get up at 6:00 a.m. 我早上6点起床。 初一英语基础知识 短语归纳
八年级上学期的英语语法总结(精)
八年级上学期的英语语法总结(全部! 一、只能修饰可数名词的词语有: many, many a(n, a good / great many, a (great / large number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如: Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening. 开张后的头几天,很多人去了那儿。 I have been there dozens of times. 我已去过那儿很多次了。 There’re a number of students reading English in the classroom. 教室里有许多学生在读英语。 Many a student has(=many students havevisited the Great Wall.(谓语动词用单数 很多学生都游览过长城。 In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow. 冬天很多动物在雪下冬眠。 注意: many所修饰的复数名词前若有限定词,many 后面要接of, 表示―……中的很多‖。例如: A great many(of the graduates have found jobs. 毕业生中很多人已经找到了工作。 二、只能修饰不可数名词的词语有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如: Is there much water in the bucket? 桶里有很多水吗? He always has a great amount of work to do. 他总是有很多工作要做。 三、既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有: a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三个词语后谓语动词的数依of 后的名词的单复数而定,a great / large quantity of (其后谓语用单数,quantities of (其后谓语用复数。例如: There is still lots of snow in the garden. 花园里还有许多雪。 There is plenty of rain here. 这儿的雨水很多。 A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall. 大厅里放了很多鲜花。 There are large quantities of food in the cupboard. 橱柜里有许多食物。 在所有这些表示―很多‖的词语中many, much 是最常用的词,它们既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于疑问句和否定句。例如: Are there many people in the street?