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2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案(第二套)

2017年12月英语六级考试真题及答案（第二套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Seek to understand others,and you will be understood " you can cite examples to ilustrate your views. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200。

Part II

Listening comprehension(30miutes)

Section a

Directions: in this section, you will hear two long conversations at the end of each comversation you will hear four questions. both the comversation and the questions will be spoken only once. afier you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b) cand d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer Sheet i with a single line through the centre.

Questions1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard

1.a)they reward businesses that eliminate food wast

b)they prohibit the sale of foods that have gone stale

c) they facilitate the donation of unsold foods to the needy

d) they forbid businesses to produce more foods than needed

2. a)it imposed penalties on businesses that waste food

b)it passed a law aiming to stop overproduction

C)it voted gainst food import from outside europe

d) it prohibited the promotion of bulk food sales.

3. a) it has warmed its people against possible food shortage.

b) it has penalized businesses that keep overproducing foods

c)it has started a nationwide campaign against food waste.

d) it has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods.

4 .a)the confusion over food expiration labels.

b)the surplus resulting from overproduction

c)americans' habit of buying food in bulk

d)a lack of regulation on food consumption

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

5. a) it has started a week-long promotion campaign.

b)it has just launched its annual anniversary sales

c) it offers regular weekend sales all the year round

d)it specializes in the sale of ladies designer dresses

6. a)price reductions for its frequent customers.

b)coupons for customers with bulk purchases.

c)free delivery of purchases for senior customers.

d) price adjustments within seven days of purchase.

7. a)mail a gift card to her.

b) allow her to buy on credi

c) credit it to her account

d) give her some coupons.

8. a) refunding for goods returned

b) free installing of appliances.

c)prolonged goods warranty.

d)complimentary tailoring

Section b

Directions: in this section, you will hear two passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear Iree or four questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b, cand d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard

9. a)they are thin, tall, and unlike real human beings.

b)they have more than twenty different hair textures

c)they have twenty-four different body shapes in total

d)they represent people from virtually all walks of life.

10.a)they do not reflect young girls aspirations

b)they are not sold together with the original

c) their flat feet do not appeal to adolescents

d) their body shapes have not changed much

11. a)in toy stores

b) in shopping malls.

c)on the internet

d)at barbie shops

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

12. a )moveable metal type began to be used in printing

b) chinese printing technology was first introduce

c)the earliest known book was published

d) metal type was imported from korea

13. a) it had more than a hundred printing presses.

b)it was the biggest printer in the 16th century.

c) it helped the german people become literate.

d) it produced some 20 million volumes in total

14. a)it pushed handwritten books out of circulation.

b)it boosted the circulation of popular works.

c)it made writing a very profitable career.

d) it provided readers with more choices.

15. a) it accelerated the extinction of the latin language.

b) it standardized the publication of grammar books.

c) turned translation into a welcome profession.

d) it promoted the growth of national languages

Section c

Directions: in this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. the recordings will be played only once. after you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b, c and d)Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16. a) they get bored after working for a period of time.

b) they spend an average of one year finding a job.

c)they become stuck in the same job for decades.

d) they choose a job without thinking it through.

17. a)see if there will be chances for promotion.

b)find out what job choices are available.

c)watch a film about ways of job hunting.

d) decide which job is most attractive to you.

18. a)the qualifications you have.

b)the pay you are going to get.

c)the culture of your target company.

d) the work environment you will be in.

19. a) it is as important as christmas for african-americans.

b) it is a cultural festival founded for african-americans.

c) it is an ancient festival celebrated by african-americans.

d) it is a religious festival celebrated by african-americans

20. a)to urge african-americans to do more for society.

b) to call on african-americans to worship their gods

c) to help african-americans to realize their goals.

d) to remind african-americans of their sufferings.

21. a)faith in self-determination

b)the first fruits of the harvest

c) unity and cooperative economics

d creativ

e work and achievement.

22. a)they recite a principle

b)they take a solemn oath

c)they drink wine from the unity cup

d) they call out their ancestors' names.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard

23. a) it is one of the world's most healthy diets.

b) it contains large amounts of dairy products.

c)it began to impact the world in recent years.

d) it consists mainly of various kinds of seafood.

4. a) it involved 13, 000 researchers from asia, europe and america.

b) it was conducted in seven mid-eastern countries in the 1950s

c) it is regarded as one of the greatest researches of its kind.

d)it has drawn the attention of medical doctors the world over.

25. a) they care much about their health.

b) they eat foods with little fat.

c)they use little oil in cooking

d) they have lower mortality rates

Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

The pacific island nation of palau has become home to the sixth largest marine

world. the new marine reserve, now the largest in the pacific, will--26-- no fishing or mining. Palau also established the world, first shark sanctuary in 2009.

The tiny island nation has set aside 500,000 square kilometres-80 percent -of its maritime --27--, for full protection, that's the highest percentage of an--28 --economic zone devoted to remaining 20 percent of the palau seas will be reserved for local fishing by individuals and small-scale-- 29-- fishing businesses with limited exports.

"island --30--have been among the hardest hit by the threats facing theocean, "said

president.Tommy remengesau jr in a statement. "creating this sanctuary is a bold move that the people of palau recognise as 31 to our survival. we want to lead the way in restoring the health of the occan for future generation

Palau has only been an_ 32 nation for twenty years and has a strong history of environmental protection. it is home to one of the world's finest marine ecosystems, with more than 1,300 species of fish and 700 species of coral.

Senator hokkons baules lead 33 of the palau national marine sanctuary act, said the sanctuary willhelp build a- 34 future for the palauan people by honoring the conservation traditions of our

past". these include the centuries-old custom of"", where leaders would call a temporary stop to fishing for key species in order to give fish 35 an opportunity to replenish(补充).

a)allocate

b) celebrities

c)commercial

d)communities

e）essential

f）exclusive

g)independent

h) indulge

i)permit

j)secure

k) solitary

L)spectacle

m)sponsor

n)stocks

o)temitory

Data sharing: an open mind on open date

[ A] It is a movement building steady momentum: a call to make research data, software code and experimental methods publicly available and transparent. a spirit of openness is gaining acceptance in the science community, and is the only way, say advocates, to address a'crisis' incience whereby too few findings are successfully reproduced. furthermore, they say, it is the best way for researchers to gather the range of observations that are necessary to speed up discoveries or to identify large-scale trends.

[B] the open-data shift poses a confusing problem for junior researchers. on the one hand,the drive to share is gathering official steam. since 2013, global scientific bodies have begun to back politics that support increased public access to reseach.on the other hand,scientists disagree about how much and when they should share date,and they debate whether sharing it is more likely to

accelerate science and make it more robust, or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.as more journals and make it more robust,or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.as more journal and funders adopt data-sharing requirements, and as a growing number of enthusiasts call for more openness, junior researchers must find their place between adopters and those who continue to hold out, even as they strive to launch their own careers.

[C] one key challenge facing young scientists is how to be open without becoming scientifically vulnerable. they must determine the risk of jeopardizing a job offer or a collaboration prosal from those who are wary of-or unfamiliar with -open science. and they must learn How to capitalize on the movement's benefits such as opportunities for more citations and a way to build a reputation without the need for conventional metrics, such as publication in high-impact journals.

[D] some fields have embraced open data more than others. researchers in psychology, a field rocked by findings of irreproducibility in the past few years, have been especially vocal

sup-porters of the drive for more-open science.A few psychology journals have created incentives to increase interest in repar open science. a few psychology journals have created incentives porters of the drive for me lucible science -for example, by affixing an",badge to articles that clearly state where data are available. according to social psychologist brian nose executive director of the center for open science, the average data-sharing rate for the journal Psychological science, which uses the badges, increased tenfold to 38% from 2013 to 2015.

[E] funders, too, are increasingly adopting an open-data policy .several strongly ergement,and some require,a date-management plan that makes data available .The us national science foundation is among these, some philanthropic (慈善的) funders, including the bill Gates foundation in seattle, washington, and the wellcome trust in london, alopen data from their grant recipients.

[F] but many young researchers, especially those who have not been mentored in open

science .are uncertain about whether to share or to stay private.Graduate students and postdoes,who often are working on their lab head's grant may have no choice if their supervisor or another senior opposes sharing.

[G] some fear that the potential impact of sharing is too high, especially at the early stages of a career." Everybody has a scary story about someone getting scooped(被抢先),” says new York university astronomer david hogg. those fears may be a factor in a lingering hesitation to share data even when publishing in journals that mandate it.

[H] researchers at small labs or at institutions focused on teaching arguably have the most to lose when sharing hard-won data. ""with my institution and teaching load, i don't have postdocs and grad students", says terry mcglynn, a tropical biologist at california state university,Dominguez hills. "the stakes are higher to share data because it's a bigger fraction of hats happening in my lab.

[I] researchers also point to the time sink that is involved in preparing data for others to

view.Once the data and associated materials appear in a repository(存储库), answering questions and handling complaints can take many hours.

[J] the time investment can present other problems. in some cases, says data scientist karthik Ram, it may be difficult for junior researchers to embrace openness when senior colleagues many of whom head selection and promotion teesht ridicule what they may view as misplaced energies. "i've heard this recently -that embracing the idea of open datad code makes traditional academics uncomfortable, "says ram. "the concem seems to be that open advocates don't spend their time being as productive as possible."

[ K]an open-science stance can also add complexity to a collaboration. kate ratliff, who studies social attitudes at the university of florida, gainesville, says that it can seem as if there are two camps in a field-those who care about open science and those who don't . " there a new area to navigate-'are you cool with the fact that i'll want to make the data open?'-when talking with somebody about an interesting research idea, "she says.

[L] despite complications and concerns, the upsides of sharing can be significant. for example,when information is uploaded to a repository, a digital object identifier(DOI)is assigned.

Scientists can use a DOT to publish each step of the research life cycle, not just the final paper. In so doing, they can potentially get three citations- one each for the data and software.in addition to the paper itself. and although some say that citations for software or data have little currency in academia,they can have other benefits.

[M] many advocates think that transparent data procedures with a date and time stamp will protect scientists from being scooped. "this is the sweet spot between sharing and getting credit for it. while discouraging plagiarism(剽窃). " says ivo grigorov, a project coordinator at the naional institute of aquatic resot

Research secreta - in charlottenlund, denmark. hogg says that scooping is less of a problem than many think. "the two cases i'm familiar with didn't involve open data or code, "he says.

[N] Open science also offers junior researchers the chance to level the palying field by gaining better access to crucial date. ross mounce, a postdoc studying evolutionary biology at the university of cambrige,UK, is a vocal champion of open science, partly because his fossil others' data. he says that more openness in science could help to discourage what some perceive as a commom practice of shutting out early-career scientists' requests for data.

[O] communication also helps for those who worry about jeopardizing a collaboration, he

says,Concems about open should be discussed at the outset of a study. "whenever you start a project with someone, you have to establish a clear understanding of expectations for who owns the data, at what point they go public and who can do what with them, he says.

[p] in the end, sharing data, software and materials with colleagues can help an early -career researcher to gain recognition--a crucial component of success. "the thing you are searching for reputation" says titus brown,a genomics(基因组学) researcher at the university of Califomia, davis,."to get grants and jobs you have to be relevant and achieve some level of public recognition. anything you do that advances your presence- especially in a larger

phere, outside the communities you know- is a net win."

36. astronomer david hogg doesn't think scooping is as serious a problem as generally thought.

37. some researchers are hesitant to make their data public for fear that others might publish something similar before them

38. some psychology joumals have offered incentives to encourage authors to share their data.

39. there is a growing demand in the science community that research data be open to the public.40. sharing data offers early-career researchers the chance to build a certain level of reputation

41. data sharing enables scientists to publish each step of their research work, thus leading to more citations

42. scientists hold different opinions about the extent and timing of data sharing

43. potential problems related to data sharing should be made known to and discussed by all participants at the beginning of a joint research project

44. sharing data and handling data-related issues can be time-consuming

45. junior researehers may have no say when it comes to sharing data.

Section c

Directions: there are 2 passages in this section. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c)and D) You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage one

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

In the beginning of the movie, robot, a robot has to decide whom to save after two cars plunge into the water-del spooner or a child. even though spooner screams"save her save her! "the robot rescues him because it calculates that he has a 45 percent chance of survival compared to sarah's 11 percent. the robot's decision and its calculated approach raise an important question:

would humans make the same choice? and which choice would we want our robotic counterparts to make?

Isaac asimov evaded the whole notion of morality in devising his three laws of robotics, which hold that 1. robots cannot harm humans or allow humans to come to harm; 2. robots must obey

humans, except where the order would conflict with law i; and 3. robots must act in

self-preservation, unless doing so conflicts with laws i or 2. these laws are programmed into asimov's robots-they don' t have to think, judge, or value. they don't have to like humans or believe that wrong or bad. they simply don't do it.

The robot who rescues spooner s life in / robot follows asimov's zeroth law: robots cannot harm humanity(as opposed to individual humansor allow humanity to come to harm--an expansion of the first law that allows robots to determine what's in the greater good. under the first law,a robot could not harm a dangerous gunman, but under the zeroth law, a robot could kill the gunman to save others.

Whether it's possible to program a robot with safeguards such as asimov's laws is debatable a word such as"harm"is vague (what about emotional harm is replacing a human employ harm), and abstract concepts present coding problems. the robots in asimov's fiction expose complications and loopholes in the three laws, and even when the laws work, robots still have to assess situation.

Assessing situations can be complicated. a robot has to identify the players, conditions, and possibe outcomes for various scenarios,Its doubtful that a computer program can do that-aleast, not without some undesirable results. a roboticist at the bristol robotics laboratory programmed a robot to save hur

oxies(5) called""from danger. when one h-boheaded for danger, the robot successfully pushed it out of the way. but when two h-bots became percent of the time, unable to decide which to save and letting them both"die. "the experiment highlights the importance of morality without it, how can a robot

decide whom to save or what's best for humanity, especially if it can't calculate survival odds?

46. what question does the example in the movie raise?

a) whether robots can reach better decisions

b) whether robots follow asimov's zero"

d) how robots should be programmed.

47. what does the author think of asimovs three laws of robotics?

a) they are apparently divorced from reality.

b)they did not follow the coding system of robotics.

c)they laid a solid foundation for robotics.

d) they did not take moral issues into consideration.

48. what does the author say about asimov's robots?

a they know what is good or bad for human beings

b)they are programmed not to hurt human begings

c)they perform duties in their owners'best interest.

d)they stop working when a moral issue is involved.

49. what does the author want to say by mentioning the word"harm"in asimov's laws?

a)abstract concepts are hard to program.

b) it is hard for robots to make decisions

c) robots may do harm in certain situations

d) asimov's laws use too many vague terms

50. what has the roboticist at the bristol robotics laboratory found in his experiment.

a）robots can be made as intelligent as human begings some day

b) robots can have moral issues encoded into their program

c)robots can have trouble making decisions in complex scenarion.

d)robots can be programmed to perceive potential perils.

PassageTwo

Questions 5i to 55 are based on the following passage.

Our world now moves so fast that we seldom stop to see just how fast we seldom stop to see just how far wu have come in just a few year.The latest iPone 6s,for example,has a dual-core proccssor and fite nicely into your pocket. by comparison, you would expect to find a technological specification like this on your tandard laptop in an office anywhere in the world.

its no wonder shat new applications for the internet of things are moving ahcad fast when almost every new decice we buy has a plup on the eng of it or a wireless connection to the internet. Soon, our current smartphone lifestyle wil

ate our own smart home lifestyle too.

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