大学英语语法精讲与练习

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1．名词前的单位词（1. 3）

a piece of

advice/bread/cake/chalk/work/furniture/cloth/paper/ne ws

/information/evidence/luggage/luck/business

an item of news/information

a drop of oil/water/whiskey

an article of clothing/lu ggage/furniture

a bar of chocolate/soap/iron/gold

an ear of wheat/rice

a loaf of bread

a lump of coal/sugar/clay

a slice of bread/bacon/meat/cake

表示成群的单位词

a flock of birds/geese/pigeons/visitors/customers

a herd of bees/ants/ stars

a pack of thieves/wolves/hounds(猎狗)

a bunch of keys/bananas/grapes/roses

a bundle of clothes/letters/firewood

a crowd of robbers

2. 主语与谓语的一致

主语与谓语一致的原则：

1）语法一致

2）概念一致：谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志。

The crowd were fighting for their lives.

Three years in a strange land seems like a long time. 3）就近原则

Here is a dictionary and a few books.

Only one out of five were present.

符合语法一致的几种情况（4）

1）当主语为单数，虽后续with, along with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than, like, besides, but, except, in addition to引导的短语，谓语用

单数。

An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.

Nobody but John and George was there.

The teacher as well as the students was asked to attend the party.

2）主语由“a portion of, a series of, a king of etc.+名词”

构成时，谓语用单数。

A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for

language lab use.

符合概念一致的几种情况

1）集合名词做主语时

Our group are visiting the Museum next week. （我们

全体成员）

Our group is assigned to take the first bus.（我们小组）2）名词词组中心词为表示度量、时间等的复数名词时，谓语动词采用单数形式

Ten dollars is not enough.

Fifty kilograms is not too heavy to carry.

符合就近原则的几种情况

1）由并列连词or, either…or, neither…or, not only…but also 连接的两个主语.

Either you or I am late.

Not only the students but also the teacher is going to the film.

2）each…and each…, every …and every…, no…and no…后续单数谓语动词。

Each book and each pen is found in its place.

No teacher and no student is interested in it.

3）“many a/more than one+单数名词做主语时，谓语为单数形式。

Many a student is having practice in this plant.

More than one student was late for class this morning.

3.形容词

不具有比较意义的比较结构

1) more/rather A than B: 与其说是B，不如说是A

He is rather diligent than clever. 说他聪明不如说他勤奋。

It is even more a picture than a poem. 这与其说是一首诗，到不如说是一幅画。

2) all the more… : 因而更加…

That’ll make the work all the more difficult.

3) much more 更加，何况

It’s difficult to understand his books, much more his lectures.

4) much less 更不

I didn’t even see him, much less speak to him.

5) none the less依然

For all his years, he is none the less vigorous and active.

6) other than 不同于…，非…

The truth is quite other than what you think.

7) know better than… 很明白而不至于…

She certainly knows better than to do it herself.

8) none other than 不是别人而正是…

It was none other than Miss Mary.

部分同根形容词的辨义（5. 5）

1)s ensible 可查觉得；明智的

sensitive 对…敏感的

sensational 耸人听闻的

He is sensible of the danger of his position.

The old woman is very weak and sensitive to cold.

It was a sensational news report.

2) economic 有关经济的

economical 节俭的

We should be economical in the use of our funds.

The country is in a bad economic state.

3)i ndustrial 工业的

industrious 勤劳的

It is an industrial country.

The Chinese people are brave and industrious.

4)h istoric 有历史意义的

historical 有关历史的

Where did the historic May 4th Movement take place?

Is it a historical novel?

5)p ractical实际的，实践的

practicable 可行的

Now that you are going to live in France, you’ll be able to make practical use of your knowledge of French.

Is it practicable to try to grow crops in deserts? 6)s ociable 和蔼可亲的

social社会的；社交的

We spent a sociable evening drinking.

There are different opinions on various social questions.

7)c onsiderate 体贴的

considerable 相当大的；值得重视的/substantial

It was considerate of you not to play piano while I

was having a sleep.

When her father died, Jane became head of a very considerable business empire.

8)c ontinual 略有间隙/隔的“连续不断”

continuous没有间隙/隔的“连续不断”

We’ve had continuous hot weather for three weeks.

I’m really tired of your continual complaints.

9)c redible 可信的，可靠的

credulous 轻信的

It’s hardly credible.

She was so credulous that she could be easily fooled.

与形容词构成固定搭配的介词（5. 8）

about

anxious, crazy, curious, doubtful, eager, uneasy

at

bad, efficient, good, quick, slow, skillful

for

anxious, available, fit, grateful, good, greedy, insufficient, necessary, ready, responsible, ripe, sorry, suitable, valid

from

absent, distinctive, diverse, different, free

in

abundant, confident, deficient, fortunate, major, rich, poor

of

afraid, ashamed, aware, capable, careful, certain, conscious confident, convinced, critical, doubtful, fond, full, greedy, guilty, ignorant, independent, proud, short, shy, sick, thoughtful, tired, typical, uncertain, worthy, regardless

on

dependent, hard, keen

to

accustomed, obliged, applicable, available, benefit, convenient, dear, drink, equal, equivalent, essential, faithful, familiar, fit, grateful, harmful, helpful, identical, important, loyal, necessary, obvious, opposite, polite, preferable, previous, prior, proportional, relative, resistant, senior, sensitive, similar, superior

with

angry, comparable, consistent, content, familiar, identical, patient, pleased, popular, strict, satisfied

She is very anxious about her husband’s hea lth.

He was slow at learning a language.

I am very grateful for the help you have given me. All the main roads are now free of obstructions.

The trees are abundant in fruits.

They went camping, so as to be independent of inns and hotels.

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