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2019年考研英语大纲新增词汇详解共22页

2019年考研英语大纲新增词汇详解共22页
2019年考研英语大纲新增词汇详解共22页

2013年考研英语大纲新增词汇详解

accustom

vt.

使习惯于(to):~ oneself to rising early使自己习惯于早起 / ~ sb. to sea life使某人习惯于海上生活 / ~ one's ears to the din使自己的耳朵适应喧闹声

alienate

vt.

1使疏远,使不友好;离间;

The management must never become ~d from the employees.管理层决不能脱离员工。

2【律】转让,让渡(财产等)3使转移;使转向

?alienator n.

allegiance

n.

1(对国家、政府、事业、个人等的)忠诚;效忠,忠贞:give ~ to效忠于

2(臣子对君主的)臣服义务

3(侨民对所居国政府的)效忠义务

ape

n.

1无尾猿;类人猿

2猴

3粗野的大汉

4模仿者,学样的人

vt. 模仿,学…的样

adj. 〈口〉疯狂的;狂热的◇go ~〈口〉发疯;变得狂热:go ~ over a girl为一个姑娘神魂颠倒

?apelike adj. / aper n.

archaeology

n.

1考古学

2(某民族的)文化遗迹,古迹

?archaeological adj. / archaeologically adv. / archaeologist n. / archaeologize vi.

bail

n.

【律】保释金;保释人;保释;accept (或refuse) ~ 准许(不准许)保释

vt.

1、保释(某人);(法官)将(在押犯)交保释放

2 、托付(财务)

~ out 1保释:~ sb. out保释某人 2帮助(某人)脱离困境;从困境中摆脱出来 / forfeit ~ 保释后不出庭候审 / go (stand) ~ for 做…的

保释人;为…提供保释金 / hold sb. to ~ 拘留某人直至交保 / jump ~〈口〉=forfeit ~ / on ~ 交保后:be out on ~ 在保释中 / post ~ 缴纳保释金 / save (surrender to) one's ~ 保释后如期到庭受审

bail

n. 戽斗,桶(用来舀出船舱里的水)

vt. 舀(水);从(船)中舀水(out):~ (out) the boat(或~water out of a boat)舀出船舱里的水

vi. 舀出船舱里的水

◇~ on〈美口〉让…失望 / ~ out 1(从飞机上)紧急跳伞2畏难而去?bailer n.

bail

1[~s]【史】(城堡的)外层防卫桩;栅栏

2(厩内的)横栏

3(板球的)三柱门上的横木

4〈澳〉(挤乳时)扣住母牛头部的闸架

◇~ up〈澳〉1(挤乳时)用闸架扣住(母牛)的头部 2拦路抢劫 3〈口〉(尤指为交谈而)拦住,强行留住(某人)

bail

n.

1(车棚等)半圆形棚架

2(壶、桶等的)半圆形拎环

3(打字机上的)压纸杆

blog n. 博客,网络日志

botany n.

1植物学

2[总称](某地区的)植物

buzz

n.

1嗡嗡声,蜂音

2嘁嘁喳喳,噪杂声

3〈口〉流言谣言

4(蜂鸣器等发出的)信号声

5〈口〉电话:give sb. a ~ 给某人打电话

6骚动

7〈美口〉(吸毒或饮酒产生的)陶醉感;兴奋

vi.

1(蜂等)嗡嗡叫,(机器等)营营响

2用蜂鸣器发出信号

3忙碌,忙乱;急行:~ about (或around)到处奔忙 / ~ along匆忙走过4嘁嘁喳喳;说闲话;充满低沉嘈杂的声音

vt.

1使嗡嗡叫,使营营响

2用蜂鸣器传呼;〈口〉给…打电话

3私下说出(或传播);嘁嘁喳喳地表示;私下告诉(某人):~ a rumour

暗中散播谣言 / The committee ~ed its

indignation. 委员们异口同声表示愤慨。

4猛扔(石子等)

5(飞机)低飞掠过;高速飞行(另一飞机)进行骚扰

6〈英方〉喝完(一瓶酒)

◇ ~ off 〈口〉走开,离去

censorship

n.

1审查(制度),检查(制度)

2审查员(或检查员)的职位

3【心】潜意识压抑力(或作用)

4古罗马监察官的职位(或权力)

comet

n.

【天】彗星

?cometary adj.

contagious

adj.

1(接)触(传)染的;(有)触染性的;带触染源的:a ~ disease 传染病 / a ~ ward触染病房

2(情绪等)感染性的;蔓延的;会扩散的:~ laughter有感染力的笑声?contagiously adv. / contagiousness n.

converge

vi.

1(道路、车辆、人群等)会合,集中

2为共同利益(或目的等)会聚;趋同

3【数】收敛

vt.

使会合,使集中;使会聚

culprit

n.

1犯人,罪犯

2导致过错的人;事故的起因;问题的根源:The real ~ is the greenhouse gases. 问题的真正原因就是温室气体

daunt

vt.

威吓;使胆怯,使气馁:He felt completely ~ed by the difficulties. 他完全被困难吓倒了。/ Nothing ~ed, he tried again. 他毫不气馁,重新再试。

debut

n.

〈法〉

1初进社交界

2(演员的)首次演出;首次露面

vt.&vi. 首次演出

default

n.

1不履行,违约,拖欠

2【体】弃权

3【律】未到庭:judgment by ~ 缺席判决

4【计】默认

vi.

1不履行,拖欠:~ on one's loans不偿还贷款

2【律】不到庭

3【体】弃权;由于弃权而输掉

vt.

1不履行,拖欠

2【律】宣布…未到庭

3【体】对(比赛)弃权;由于弃权而输掉(比赛)

4【计】默认(to):The program will ~ to its own style. 程序将默认选用自身风格。

◇go by ~ 没有,缺乏;因疏忽而致丧失 / in ~ of 因没有…;在缺少…时 / make ~【律】缺席

defer 1

vt.&vi.

(deferred; deferring) 推迟,(使)延期,(使)迟延

defer 2

vi.

(deferred; deferring) 听从,遵从:~ to sb.'s opinions听从某人的意见

?deferrer n.

deplore

vt.

1哀叹,悲叹;哀悼:~ sb.'s inefficiency对某人的不称职深表遗憾2强烈反对;谴责

?deploringly adv.

diabetes

n.

【医】糖尿病

dinosaur

n.

1【古生】恐龙

2(尤指废弃过时的)庞然大物

3保守、顽固的人

?dinosaurian n.&adj

dioxide

n.

【化】二氧化物

n.

([复]~s)

1胚;胚胎;(尤指受孕后8周内的)胎儿:a developing ~ 生长中的胚胎

2(事物的)初期,萌芽期;萌芽状态(的事物)

adj.

胚胎的;初期的,萌芽期的;未成熟的;未发达的

◇in ~ 尚未成熟的;在计划中的,在酝酿中的

?embryonal adj.

endorse

vt.

1赞同;支持;认可:The application was ~d by the committee.申请书已由委员会批准。

2在(支票等)背面签名,背书;签署(书名)

3签(注);批准(公文等):have one's licence ~d(驾驶员等)执照被注上违章记录

4为(产品等)代言

◇~ over背书(支票等)转让权利:~ over a bill to another person 背书票据把权利转让给别人

?endorsable adj.

ethic

标准理论;道德准则(或体系)

fiscal

adj.

1国库的;国家岁入的

2(政府)财政的:~ policy财政政策

n.

〈古〉

1印花税票

2财政年度,会计年度

3(苏格兰等地的)检察官

?fiscally adv.

franchise

n.

1(经营)特权,特许;特许经营(权)

2特许经营的商店

3〈美口〉(职业运动联合会给予的)会员队拥有权

4〈美口〉职业运动队

5〈美口〉职业运动队的主力队员(译作franchise player)6保险免赔限度;保险免赔额

7公民权;选举权

vt.

1给…以特许(经营权)

2给予…公民权(或选举权)

freelance

n.

1自由职业者(如自由撰稿人等)

2(中世纪的)雇佣兵

vi.

当自由职业者

adj.

自由职业的

adv.

以自由职业者身份

genre

n.

1(文艺作品的)样式,体裁

2[总称]风俗画(亦作genre painting)

glacier

n.

冰川

guild

n.

1(中世纪的)行会,同业公会;(互助性的)协会:Writers’ Guild of

Great Britain英国作家协会

2【植】依赖植物集团

herald

n.

1(旧时的)传令官

2(英国的)司宗谱纹章的官

3(常用作报纸的名称)通报者;使者;预言者;先驱

vt.

1宣布;通报

2预示…的来临:The first buds ~ spring. 新芽报春到。

hormone

n.

【生化】激素

?horlmonal,hormonic adj.

hygiene

n.

卫生;卫生学;保健学:personal ~ 个人卫生

inaugurate

vt.

1开始;开展:~ a new era of economic prosperity开创经济繁荣的新纪元

2为…举行就职典礼,使正式就任:~ a president举行总统就职典礼

3为…举行开幕式;为…举行落成(或通车等)仪式:The Export Commodities Fair was ~d yesterday. 出口商品交易会昨天开幕了。

?inaugurator n.

ivory

n.

1象牙;(海象等的)长牙:artificial ~ 人造象牙

2牙质:dental ~ 牙质

3(外表或用途等)类似象牙之物

4象牙色,乳白色

5象牙制品,仿象牙制品

6高级白板纸

7[the ivories]〈口〉琴键

8[ivories]〈口〉牙齿

adj.

1象牙制成的;似象牙的

2象牙色的,乳白色的

lyric

n.

1抒情诗;抒情作品

2[~s](尤指流行歌曲的)歌词

adj.

1歌(一样)的;适于演奏(或歌唱)的;适合用里拉琴伴奏的

2抒情的;写抒情诗的:(the) ~ drama歌剧/a ~ poet抒情诗人/~ poetry 抒情诗

3(感情、风格等)奔放的,不拘束的:explode with ~ wrath勃然大怒4(歌手)歌喉柔美的;(嗓音)柔和优美的

marathon

n.

1【体】马拉松赛跑(全长42.195公里)

2(游泳、滑冰等的)长距离比赛;耐力比赛;马拉松式的活动(或事件、会议等);长期(或艰巨的)任务

adj.

马拉松式的;长期(或艰巨)的:a ~ effort长期艰苦的努力

vi.

参加马拉松赛跑(或马拉松式的比赛、活动)

?marathoner n.

memorandum

n.

([复] ~s或memoranda)

1备忘录:a ~ book备忘录/a protest ~ 抗议书

2(契约等条文的)节略

3便笺,便函

module

n.

1组件,部件;模块

2(教育)单元

3(宇宙飞船上各个独立的)舱:a command ~ 指令舱/a lunar ~ 登月舱

4(尤指用于协调建筑物及构件尺寸的)模数

5【数】模

6(古典建筑中的)圆柱下部半径度

neutron

n.

【物】中子

nostalgic

adj. 恋旧的,怀旧的;引起怀旧的

n.

怀旧的人

?nostalgically adv.

obesity

n.

肥胖(症)

overhaul

vt.

1解体检修,大修;详细检查:have the crane ~ed对吊车进行大修/go to the doctor to be ~ed找医生检查身体

2彻底革新(或改革);全面修订

3〈英〉赶上,追越:~ the other two competitors赶上其他两名选手

4解松(船的缆绳)

n.

1解体检修,大修;详细检查:undergo a thorough ~ 受彻底检查

2彻底改革;全面修订:~s of the school curriculum学校课程改革portfolio

n.

([复] ~s)

1(皮制)公事包;文件夹:a lecture ~(教师用的)讲义夹

2大臣职;部长职:offer sb. the foreign affairs ~ 委任某人为外交大臣(或部长)/resign one’s ~ 辞去大臣(或部长)职/a minister without ~ 不管部大臣(或部长)

3(一投资者所持有的)投资组合;有价证券财产目录

4(艺术家等的)代表作选辑

recession

n.

1(经济的)衰退(期):The economy is in deep ~.经济正处于严重的衰退之中。

2后退,退回;撤回

3凹进处

4(基督教做完礼拜后牧师和唱诗班的)退场(行列)

redeem

vt.

1买回;赎回:~ a mortgage赎回抵押品/~ pawned goods赎回当掉的物品

2重获;弥补;挽回:~ one’s position恢复地位/~ one’s honour挽回名誉

3偿还,还清:~ a mortgage还清按揭贷款

4赎救,解救,拯救:~ a slave赎救一个奴隶/~ a prisoner from captivity 解救被监禁的囚犯

5【宗】(上帝)救赎

6[~ oneself]使免咎,使改过:He was trying to ~ himself for his earlier failure.他努力挽回早先失败的影响。

7履行(诺言等),践(约):~ one’s obligation履行义务

8补偿,补救:~ an error弥补过失

9兑换(纸币)成硬币(或金、银);兑(证券等)为现金;凭(赠券等)取物

?redeemable adj.

rehearse

v.

1排练,排演:~ a play排戏/~ a part in a play排练戏中的角色/The orchestra has been ~d many times for the programme.管弦乐队已经为这个节目排练了好多次。

2练习;演练;训练(某人):~ an action练习一个动作

3详述;复述:~ the events of the day列举当天发生的各种事情vi.

1排练,排演

2练习,演练

?rehearser n.

salient

adj.

1显著的:~ features显著的特征

2突出的;凸起的

3(水等)喷射的,涌出的

4(纹章学用语)(狮子等)后腿站立前爪举起的

n

1凸出物

2【军】突出部

?saliently adv.

snobbish

adj.

1势利的;谄上欺下的

2自以为懂行的

?snobbishly adv./snobbishness n.

stagnant

adj.

1停滞的,不流动的:~ water死水

2(水等因不流动而)污浊的:The long disuse of the room made the air ~. 房间长期不使用使室内空气变得污浊。

3迟钝的,呆笨的:a ~ mind迟钝的头脑

4萧条的,不景气的:Business was ~. 生意萧条。

?stagnancy n. / stagnantly adv.

statistics

n.

[复]

1统计;统计资料: ~ of population人口统计 / capital construction ~ 基本建设统计/Statistics tell part of the story. 统计数字说明了部分问题。

2[用作单]统计学

taboo

n.

([复] ~s)

1禁忌,忌讳,戒忌:under ~ 属禁忌之列 / the old ~ on kissing in public不得在公开场合接吻的传统禁忌

2禁忌的事物

3不做某事的一致行动:There is a ~ on smoking in this office. 在这间办公室里一律不准吸烟。

4【语】禁忌语

adj.

禁忌的,忌讳的;禁止的:Birth control is no longer a ~ subject.节育已不再是忌讳的话题。

vt.

把…列为禁忌;禁止;抵制与…往来

toil 1

vi.

l苦干,辛劳从事(于)(at, on, through):~ at one’s task辛苦工作

2艰苦地行动;跋涉:~ along the road艰苦地沿路行进/~ up a hill 使劲爬上山

n.

苦工,苦活;难事:Some books are a ~ to read.有些书读起来真费劲。◇sweet ~ 喜欢干的辛苦工作/~ and moil辛辛苦苦地工作

?toiler n.

toil 2

n.

[常作~s]网,罗网;圈套,陷阱;困境:be caught in the ~s of the law 落入法网/in the ~s of despair处于绝望之中

◇be taken in the ~s 1落网 2被迷惑;受困惑

transit

2019考研英语必背5500词汇表(R)

2019考研英语必背5500词汇表(R) 1rabbit n.兔子 2race n.赛跑;人种,种族;属,种 v.赛跑 3racial a.种的,种族的 4rack n.挂物架,搁物架 v.使痛苦,折磨 5racket n.球拍 6radar n.雷达 7radiant a.发光的,辐射的,容光焕发的 8radiate v.放射,辐射;散布,传播 9radical a.差不多的,重要的;激进的,极端的;全然的 10r adioactive a.放射性,放射引起的 11r adius n.半径,半径范围,有效航程,范围,界限 12r ag n.抹布,破布,碎布 13r age n.愤慨 14r aid n/v..袭击,搜查 15r ail n.栏杆,围栏;(pl.)铁路;铁轨;横杆,栏杆 16r ailroad n.(railway)铁路 v.由铁道运输 17r ain n.雨;雨天;下雨 vi.下雨 vt.使大量落下 18r ainbow n.虹 19r aise v.举起,提升;增加;饲养;引起;竖起;提出 20r ake n.耙子,耙机 v.耙;搜索,探究 21r ally v.重整,恢复,振作 n.聚集,集会,拉力赛 22r andom a.随机的,随意的 n.随机,随意 23r ange n.范围,领域;排列,连续;(山)脉v.排列成行 24r ank n.军衔,社会阶层;排 v.分等级,把…分类 25r ap n.叩击,轻拍,斥责 v.敲,拍,打,斥责,使着迷 26r ape n./vt.掠夺,蹂躏,强奸 27r apid a.快,急速的 n.(pl.)急流,湍滩 28r are a.稀有的,难得的,珍奇的;稀薄的,稀疏的 29r arely ad.很少,难得,特别地 30r ash a.轻率的,鲁莽的 n.皮疹 31r at n.鼠 32r ate n.速率;等级;价格,费用 v.估价;评级,评价 33r ather ad.相当,有一点儿;宁愿,宁可 34r atio n.比,比率 35r ational a.理性的,合理的 36r aw a.未煮过的,生的;未加工过的,未经训练的 37r ay n.光线,射线 38r azor n.剃刀 39r each v.抵达;(out)伸手,够到 n.能达到的范围 40r eact v.反应,起作用;(against)反对,起反作用

2019考研英语阅读真题中长难句解析(45)

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