中文菜谱常见翻译方法公司内部档案编码:[OPPTR-OPPT28-OPPTL98-OPPNN08]
中文菜谱常见翻译方法
中餐菜谱不容易翻译,原因是中国人的饮食文化比较发达,对菜名特别讲究。菜单翻译的核心内容是菜用什么原料做成,因为外国人在餐桌上最关心的是吃什么东西。其次要讲清楚的是菜的用料,刀法和烹调方法。由此可见,要译好菜谱,就必须知道一些主要的用料,刀法,烹调方法及某些准备步骤,希望下面的英文翻译对诸位在翻译公司工作的同行有所帮助:
1.常见的用料
鸡 chicken 鸭 duck 鹅 goose 鱼类 fish 肉类 meat猪肉 pork 牛肉 beef 小牛肉veal 羊肉 mutton 小羊肉 lamb牛尾 oxtail 里脊 fillet 排骨 spareribs 腰子kidney 肚子 tripe肝 liver 舌 tongue 下水 offals 蹄子 trotter 胗 gizzard 鸡什 giblets 鹿肉 venison 鸡脯 chicken breast 甲鱼 turtle 海味 seafood虾shrimp 干贝 scallop 螃蟹 crab 鱿鱼 squid 海蛰 jellyfish黄鳝 finless eel 海螺 whelk 野味 game 兔 rabbit 鸽 pigeon鹌鹑 quail 龙虾 lobster 牡蛎oyster 田螺 snail 田鸡 frog蛇 snake 腌肉 bacon 香肠 sausage 火腿 ham 熊掌bear’s paw鱼翅shark’s fin 燕窝bird’s nest
2.煮前的准备工作
去骨 boning 例如,去骨鸭掌打鳞 scaling 例如,去鳞鱼 scaled fish
剥/去皮 skinning 例如,去皮田鸡
skinned frogs
脱壳 shelling 例如,虾仁
shelled shrimps
腌制 pickling
例如,咸酸菜 pickled vegetables
3. 常用刀法及用料形状
(1)常用刀法
切片 slice 切丝 shred 切丁 dice 切柳 fillet 切碎 mince捣烂 mash 酿入
stuff
(2) 常用用料形状
肉/ 鱼片sliced meat / fish 或 meat / fish slices 肉丝 shredded meat 或pork shreds肉/鸡丁 diced pork / chicken 或meat / chicken cubes 肉末minced meat肉丸 meat balls 肉馅 meat filling
4. 中餐菜单翻译法
(1)直译法。英译时把对应的制作方法译出来,再以该菜的主要原料为中心词。
如:炖牛肉 Stewed Beef
(2)直译加注法。英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意,然后再补充说明其内在含义。
如:
狮子头Lion’s Head ——Pork Meat Balls
全家福 Happy Family——A combination of shrimps, pork, beef, chicken, lobster and mixed vegetables with brown sauce
(3) 意译法。此法可分为三种情况:
1)原料+with+作料。以原料为中心词,有时捎带把烹调法也译出,再加上用介词with 或in 与作料构成的短语即可。如:
海米白菜 Chinese Cabbage with Dried Shrimps
鱼香肉丝 Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce
2) 作料+原料。即把作料用作修饰语,放在中心词原料的前面。如:
咖喱牛肉 Curry Beef 古老肉 Sweet & Sour Pork
3) 以“实”对“虚”法。即舍去中菜名里的喻义,夸张等说法而用平直,明白的英语译出。如:
发财好市 Black Moss Cooked with Oysters
彩凤喜迎春 Baked Chicken and Fried Quail Eggs
蚂蚁上树 Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork
龙虎凤大烩 Thick Soup of Snake, Cat and Chicken
4) “移花接木”法。借用西方人熟悉并了解的欧洲菜名或主食名来译部分中菜名与少数主食,因为它们之间有许多相似之处。译文地道,通俗易懂,能收到事半功倍的效果。如:
烤排骨 Barbecued Spare Ribs 饺子 Chinese-style Ravioli
5) 音译加释义法。先按中文用拼音译出,然后再加以解释性的英译,使英译文保留点“中国味”。
如:包子 Baozi——Stuffed Bun 馒头 Mantou——Steamed Bread
6)“随机应变”法:原料+地名+Style。应用此法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的地方风味特色菜名。英译出原料名后,再稍加“点拨”就可以大功告成。如:
广东龙虾 Lobster Cantonese Style 麻婆豆腐 Bean Curd Sichuan Style
5. 中餐常见的烹调方法
中菜的烹调方法至少有50多种,但大体不离:煮(boiling), 煲/炖(stewing),烧/焖/烩(braising), 煎(frying),炒(stir-frying),爆(quick-frying),炸(deep-frying),扒(frying and simmering), 煸(sauteing),煨(simmering), 熏(smoking),烤(roasting/barbecuing), 烘(baking), 蒸(steaming), 白灼(scalding)等基本方法。
煮 boiled. 如“煮咸牛肉” (Boiled Corned Beef)
煲/炖 stewed.
如“清炖牛尾” (Stewed Ox Tail in Clear Soup)
烧braised. 如“红烧牛蹄” (Braised Ox Trotters in Brown Sauce)
煎(pan-)fried.
如“煎明虾” (Fried Prawns)
炒stir-fried 如“炒鸡丁” (Stir-Fried Chicken Dices)
爆 quick-fried.
如“葱爆羊肉” (Quick-fried lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce)
炸 deep-fried. 如“炸大虾” (Deep-fried prawns)
扒fried and simmered.
如“虾子扒海参” (Fried and Simmered Sea Cucumber with Shrimps Roe)
煸sauted .
如“干煸鳝鱼” (Sauted Eel Slices)
煨simmered. 如“煨牛肉” (Simmered Beef)
焖 braised 如“黄酒焖猪排” (Braised pork chops in rice wine)
烩 braised 如“烩鸡丝” (Braised chicken shreds with peas)
熏 smoked 如“熏鱼” (Smoked Fish)
烘 baked 如“烘鸽” (Baked Pigeon)
蒸 steamed 如“蒸鲜鱼” (Steamed Fresh Fish)
酱/醋 marinated 如“酱鸡” (Marinated Chicken)
卤 spicy; stewed in gravy 如“卤鸭”(Spicy Duck)
涮 instant-boiled
如“涮羊肉” (Instant-Boiled Mutton Slices)
酿 stuffed 如“酿青椒” (Stuffed Green Pepper)
烤 roast; barbecued
如“烤鹅” (Roast Goose)
清蒸 steamed (in clear soup) 如“清蒸桂鱼” (Steamed Mandarin Fish)
清炖 stewed in clear soup 如“清炖甲鱼” (Stewed Turtle in Clear Soup)白灼/微煮 scalded
如“白灼海虾”(Scalded Prawns)
红烧 braised in brown sauce 如“红烧蹄筋” (Braised Pork Tendon in Brown Sauce)
干烧 in pepper sauce 如“干烧干贝” (Scallop in Pepper Sauce)
麻辣 with hot pepper
如“麻辣豆腐”(Bean Curd with Hot Pepper / Spice Bean Curd)
酱爆 in bean sauce 如“酱爆肉丁” (Diced Pork in Bean Sauce)
鱼香 in (spicy) garlic sauce 如“鱼香肉丝” (Shredded Pork in Garlic Sauce)
糖醋 with sweet and sour sauce 如“糖醋排骨” (Spareribs with Sweet and Sour Sauce)
宫保 with chili and peanuts 如“宫保鸡丁” (Diced Chicken with Chili and Peanuts)
脆皮 crisp (in spicy sauce) 如“脆皮鱼” (Crisp Fish)
香酥 crisp fried 如“香酥鸡” (Crisp Fried Chicken)
焦熘fried in sauce 如“焦熘鱼片” (Fried Fish Slices in Sauce)
甜酸 sweet and sour 如“甜酸肉”(Sweet & Sour Pork)
胡辣 with pepper and chili 如“胡辣海参” (Sea Slug with Pepper and Chili)
油淋 drip-fried with oil
如“油淋兔” (Drip-Fried Rabbit with oil)
干煸 dry-sauteed 如“干煸季豆” (Dry-sauteed String Beans)
盐水 boiled in salt water 如“盐水虾” (Boiled Shrimps in Salt Water)家常 home style 如“家常豆腐” (Bean Curd Home Style)
陈皮 with spicy orange peel 如“陈皮鸡” (Chicken in Spicy Orange Peel)
回锅 double-sauteed 如“回锅肉” (Double-sauteed Pork Slices)
五香 spiced 如“五香牛肉” (S piced Beef)
干炸 dry deep-fried 如“干炸羊肉”(Dry Deep-fried Lamb Breast)
软炸 soft deep-fried 如“软炸里脊” (Soft-fried Pork Fillet)
酥炸 crisp deep-fried 如“酥炸羊脯” (Crisp Fried Lamb Breast)
串烤 skewered 如“串烤羊肉青椒”
(Skewered Mutton with Green Pepper)
铁扒 grilled 如“铁扒乳鸽” (Grilled Baby Pigeon)
烧烤 roast 如“烤乳猪”(Roast Suckling Pig)
砂锅 in casserole
如“砂锅鱼翅” (Shark’s Fin in Casserole)
锅巴 with sizzling /crispy rice crust 如“锅巴海参” (Sea Slug with Sizzling / Crispy Rice Crust)
芙蓉 with egg white 如“芙蓉海参” (Sea Cucumbers with Egg white)
麻酱 with sesame paste 如“麻酱海参”(Beche-de-mer with Sesame Paste)
三鲜 with two other delicacies 如“三鲜海参” (Sea Cucumbers with Other Two Delicacies)
醋溜 in distilled grains sauce 如“醋溜鸡片” (Sliced Chicken in Distilled Grains Sauce)
凉拌 in soy sauce 如“凉拌海蛰” (Jellyfish in Soy Sauce)
酸辣 hot and sour 如“酸辣黄瓜” (Hot and Sour Cucumber)
姜汁 in ginger sauce 如“姜汁扁豆” (Snap Beans in Ginger Sauce)
蚝油 in oyster sauce 如“蚝油香菇” ( Mushrooms in Oyster Sauce)
蒜泥 with mashed garlic 如“蒜泥胡豆” (Broad Beans with Mashed Garlic)什锦 mixed; assorted
如“什锦丝冬粉” (Assorted Shreds with Vermicelli)
茄汁 in tomato sauce 如“茄汁鸡脯” (Chicken Breast in Tomato Sauce)
咖喱 with curry 如“咖喱牛肉” (Fried Beef withy Curry)
八宝 (stuffed) with eight delicacies
如“八宝鸡” (Chicken Stuffed with Eight Delicacies)
葱爆 quick-fried with scallion in ginger sauce 如“葱爆羊肉” (Quick-fried Lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce)
粉蒸 steamed in rice flour 如“粉蒸牛肉” (Steamed Beef in Rice Flour)
奶油 in cream sauce 如“奶油鱼肚” (Fried Fish Maw in Cream Sauce)
木犀 with scrambled eggs and fungus
如“木犀肉” (Fried Pork with Scrambled Eggs and Fungus)
醉 liquor-preserved 如“醉蟹” (Liquor-preserved Crabs)
辣味 in chili sauce
如“辣味烩虾” (Braised Prawns in Rice Wine)
豆豉 in black bean sauce 如“豆豉桂鱼” (Mandarin Fish in Black Bean Sauce)
黄焖 braised in rice wine 如“黄焖大虾” (Braised Prawns in Rice Wine)椒盐 with pepper and salt
如“椒盐排骨” (Spare Ribs with Pepper and Salt)
怪味 multi-flavored 如“怪味鸡” (Multi-flavored Chicken)
西餐 (Western Food)
头盘及沙拉类
1腌熏三文鱼
Smoked Salmon
2腌三文鱼
Marinated Salmon with Lemon and Capers
3 凯撒沙拉
Caesar Salad
4 鲜蘑鸡肝批
Chicken Liver Terrine with Morels
5 奶酪瓤蟹盖
Baked Stuffed Crab Shell
6 鲜果海鲜沙拉
Seafood Salad with Fresh Fruit 7 厨师沙拉
Chef's Salad
8 金枪鱼沙拉
Tuna Fish Salad
9 尼斯沙拉
Salad Nicoise
汤类
10 奶油蘑菇汤
Cream of Mushroom Soup
11 奶油胡萝卜汤
Cream of Carrot Soup
12 奶油芦笋汤
Cream of Asparagus Soup
13 番茄浓汤
Traditional Tomato Soup
14 海鲜周打汤
Seafood Chowder
15 法式洋葱汤
French Onion Soup
16 牛肉清汤
Beef Consommé
17 匈牙利浓汤
Hungarian Beef Goulash
18 香浓牛尾汤
Oxtail Soup
19 意大利蔬菜汤
Minestrone Soup
20 蔬菜干豆汤
Hearty Lentil Soup
21 牛油梨冻汤
Chilled Avocado Soup
22 西班牙番茄冻汤
Gazpacho
禽类
23 红酒鹅肝
Braised Goose Liver in Red Wine 24 奶酪火腿鸡排
Chicken Cordon Bleu
25 烧瓤春鸡卷
Grilled Stuffed Chicken Rolls 26 红酒烩鸡
Braised Chicken with Red Wine 27 烤鸡胸酿奶酪蘑菇馅
Baked Chicken Breast Stuffed with Mushrooms and Cheese 28 炸培根鸡肉卷
Deep-Fried Chicken and Bacon Rolls
29 水波鸡胸配意式香醋汁
Poached Chicken Breast with Balsamic Sauce
30 烤火鸡配红浆果少司
Roast Turkey with Cranberry Sauce
31 烤瓤火鸡
Roast Stuffed Turkey
32 烧烤鸡腿
Barbecued Chicken Leg
33 烤柠檬鸡腿配炸薯条
Roasted Lemon Marinade Chicken Leg with French Fries
34 扒鸡胸
Char-Grilled Chicken Breast
35 咖喱鸡
Chicken Curry
36 秘制鸭胸配黑菌炒土豆
Pan-fried Duck Breast with Sautéed Potatoes and Truffles 牛肉类
37 红烩牛肉
Stewed Beef
38 白烩小牛肉
Fricasseed Veal
39
牛里脊扒配黑椒少司
Grilled Beef Tenderloin with Black Pepper Sauce
40 扒肉眼牛排
Grilled Beef Rib-Eye Steak
41 西冷牛排配红酒少司
Roast Beef Sirloin Steak with Red Wine Sauce
42 T骨牛扒
T-Bone Steak
43 烤牛肉
Roast Beef
44 罗西尼牛柳配苯酒汁
Beef Tenderloin and Goose Liver with Truffle and Port Wine Sauce 45 青椒汁牛柳
Beef Tenderloin Steak with Green Peppercorn Sauce
46 铁板西冷牛扒
Sizzling Sirloin Steak
47 香煎奥斯卡仔牛排
Pan-fried Veal Steak Oscar with Hollandaise Sauce
48 咖喱牛肉
Beef Curry
49 威灵顿牛柳
Fillet Steak Wellington
50 俄式牛柳丝
Beef Stroganoff
51 烩牛舌
Braised Ox-Tongue
52 红烩牛膝
Osso Bucco
53 黑胡椒鹿柳配野蘑菇和芹菜烤面皮
Venison Fillet Black Pepper Coat with Wild Mushroom and Celery Brick 猪肉类
54 烧烤排骨
Barbecued Spare Ribs
55 烟熏蜜汁肋排
Smoked Spare Ribs with Honey
56 意大利米兰猪排
Pork Piccatta
57 瓤馅猪肉卷配黄桃汁
Stuffed Poke Roulade With Yellow Peach Sauce
58 煎面包肠香草汁
Pan-fried Swiss Meat Loaf with Pesto Sauce
59 炸猪排
Deep-Fried Pork Chop
羊肉类
60 扒羊排
Grilled Lamb Chop
61 扒新西兰羊排
Grilled New Zealand Lamb Chop
62 烤羊排配奶酪和红酒汁
Roast Lamb Chop with Cheese and Red Wine Sauce
63 羊肉串
Lamb Kebabs
64 烤羊腿
Roasted Mutton Leg
鱼和海鲜类
65 海鲜串
Seafood Kebabs
66 扒金枪鱼
Grilled Tuna Steak
67 扒挪威三文鱼排
Grilled Norwegian Salmon Fillet
68 三文鱼扒配青柠黄油
Grilled Salmon with Lime Butter
69 比目鱼柳和扇贝配红酒核桃汁
Braised Sole fillet & Sea Scallops with Red Wine and Walnuts 70 煎比目鱼
Pan-fried Whole Sole
71 烤三文鱼柳配香草汁和黑橄榄酱
Roasted Salmon Fille t With Pesto Black Olive Purée
72 烤三文鱼排意大利宽面和藏红花汁
Roasted Salmon Steak With Tagliatelle & Saffron Sauce 73 煎红加吉鱼排
Grilled Red Snapper Fillet
74 黄油柠檬汁扒鱼柳
Grilled Fish Fillet in Lemon Butter Sauce
75 扒大虾
Grille king Prawns
76 蒜茸大虾
Grilled King Prawns with Garlic Herb Butter
77 巴黎黄油烤龙虾
Baked Lobster with Garlic Butter
78 奶酪汁龙虾
Gratinated Lobster in Mornay Sauce
79 香炸西班牙鱿鱼圈
Deep-Fried Squid Rings
80 荷兰汁青口贝
Gratinated Mussels Hollandaise Sauce
蛋类
81 火腿煎蛋
Fried Eggs with Ham
82 洛林乳蛋饼
Quiche Lorraine
83 熘糊蛋
Scrambled Eggs
面、粉及配菜类
84 海鲜通心粉
Macaroni with Seafood
85 海鲜意粉
Spaghetti with Seafood
86 意大利奶酪千层饼
Cheese Lasagna
87 什莱奶酪比萨饼
Pizza Vegetarian
88 海鲜比萨
Seafood Pizza
89 烤牛肉蘑菇比萨
Roast Beef and Mushroom Pizza
90 肉酱意大利粉
Spaghetti Bolognaise
91 意大利奶酪馄饨
Cheese Ravioli in Herbed Cream Sauce 92 咖喱海鲜炒饭
Stir-Fried Seafood Rice with Curry 93 红花饭
Saffron Rice
94 阿拉伯蔬菜黄米饭
Couscous with Vegetables
95 西班牙海鲜饭
Paella
96 牛肉汉堡包
Beef Burger
97 鸡肉汉堡包
Chicken Burger
98 美式热狗
American Hot Dog
99 俱乐部三文治
Club Sandwich
100 金枪鱼三文治
Tuna Fish Sandwich
101 烤牛肉三文治
Roasted Beef Sandwich
102 健康三文治
Healthy Sandwich
103 烟熏三文鱼
Smoked Salmon
104 土豆泥
Mashed Potatoes
105 里昂那土豆
Lyonnaise Potatoes
106 公爵夫人土豆
Duchesse Potatoes
107 烩红椰菜
Braised Red Cabbage with Apple 甜品
西点类
108 黑森林蛋糕
Black Forest Cake
109 英式水果蛋糕
English Fruit Cake
110 草莓奶酪蛋糕
Strawberry Cheese Cake
111 草莓蛋糕
Strawberry Cake
112 蓝莓奶酪蛋糕
Blueberry Cheese Cake
113 美式奶酪蛋糕
American Cheese Cake
114 绿茶奶酪蛋糕
Green Tea Cheese Cake
115 意大利提拉米苏
Italian Tiramisu
116 大理石奶酪蛋糕
Marble Cheese Cake
117 咖啡奶酪蛋糕
Coffee Cheese Cake
118 红莓松糕
Cranberry Muffin
119 干果派
Mixed Nuts Pie
120 蓝莓松糕
Blueberry Muffin
121 琳泽蛋糕
Linzer Cake
122 芒果木司蛋糕
Mango Mousse Cake
123 苹果派
Apple Pie
124 草莓酥条
Strawberry Napoleon Sliced 125 巧克力榛子蛋糕