考研英语长难句经典200句解析

考研英语长难句经典200句解析

1．Tight-lipped elders used to say, “It?s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”

结构分析：本句的主干是elders used to say…。直接引语中是主系表结构, 注意not…but 结构。

参考译文：出言谨慎的长辈们过去常说，“问题不是你在这个世界上想要什么，而是你能得到什么。”

2．Y ou can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living.

结构分析：这句话是and连接的两个并列句。在第一个分句中，as是连词，引导比较状语从句，把a mental blueprint of a desire和a blueprint of a house相比较。第二个分句中的主干结构是：each of us is…making blueprints…。第二个分句中用一般进行时表示经常发生的事情。这样的结构常常用来表达经常发生的令人不快的、令人讨厌的事情。

参考译文：你可以在脑子里为你的愿望画一幅蓝图，就象给房子画蓝图那样。实际上，在日常生活中，我们每一个人都在不断地描绘着这些蓝图。

3．While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.

结构分析：and 连接两个并列句。第一个分句的主干是：employer is deciding whether…; 第二个分句的主干是：your “wares”and abilities must be displayed…。第一个分句中while引导了一个伴随性动作talking作时间状语，decide后面接了一个whether引导的宾语从句：whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you。

参考译文：你的未来雇主在与你谈话时，就在掂量，你的教育背景、工作经历及其他资历是否能使其受益，而你的“商品”和能力必须合理而有序地展示出来。

4．When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell.

结构分析：when 引导时间状语从句，主句是：you have something tangible to sell。注意本句中have+ n.+to do这个结构。

参考译文：当你精心准备好自己能力和愿望的蓝图后，你就有具体明确的东西可以推销了。

5．

parliamentary coverage, children?s programmes and films for an annual license fee of ￡83 per household.

结构分析：句子的主干是They are brought…for an annual license fee…, 其中谓语部分用了被动语态。实际结构是bring后接双宾语bring sb sth,在这句话中，直接宾语很长，是一系列名词的罗列：前面的名词是用逗号连接，最后两个并列成分用and 连接。

参考译文：每户每年交83英镑的收视费便可收看体育、喜剧、戏剧、音乐、新闻时

事、教育、宗教、议会报道、儿童节目及电影。

6．The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain.

结构分析：句子的结构是but连接了两个转折关系的句子。其中at least for the time being 前后用逗号与句子其他部分分开，是插入语。前一句子的主干结构是The Corporation will survive as…, 后一个句子的主干是its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject…。

参考译文：英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来，至少目前会这样，但它的作用、规模和节目却成了全英国争论的话题。

7．The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC—including ordinary listeners and viewers—to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.

结构分析：这句话的主干是The debate was launched by the Government，使用了被动语态。后面which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰government, 定语从句中不定式to say后面是两个并列的宾语从句，一个由what 引导，一个由whether引导，两部分用and 连接，副词even表示进一步强调。另外两个破折号之间的部分属于插入部分，是用来进一步定义anyone的。anyone 后面的with介词词组也是用来修饰anyone 的。

参考译文：英国政府发起了这场争论，它邀请每一位对BBC有看法的人——包括普通的听众和观众——对公司好坏进行评说，甚至可以评说他们是否认为公司值得办下去8．The BBC “isn?t broke”, they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word “broke”, meaning having no money), so why bother to change it?

结构分析：这句话是so连接的两个因果关系的句子。they say 是插入语。which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面引号中的部分。

参考译文：他们说“BBC没有破产”，意思是说公司没有垮，那干吗自找麻烦去改变它呢？

9．But it is the arrival of new satellite channels —funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers? subscriptions —which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.

结构分析：首先这个句子使用了强调结构：it is… which, which 指代前面的channels。破折号中间的插入成分相当于定语，(which are ) funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers?subscriptions 修饰channels。其中and连接两个partly by。

参考译文：但新的卫星频道的出现——部分资金来自广告收入，部分来自用户收视费——从长远来看会带来最大的变化。

10．The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.

结构分析：这句话的主干是The change met…require ments…and prevented the decline…。其中by engaging a large professional element 是说明met the technical requirements的方式。the decline in efficiency 后面的that引导定语从句修饰前面的decline in efficiency。

参考译文：这种变革通过聘用大量专业人员来适应新时代的技术要求，并阻止了效率的降低，这种效率的降低使得许多家族商行在那些精力充沛的创业者之后的第二、第三代手中破产倒闭。

11．Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.

结构分析：这个句子的主干是…manipulation…increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class…。其中an element 是class 的同位语。representing irresponsible wealth 是现在分词，作定语修饰前面的element, detached from是过去分词作后置定语，相当于是省略了which is 的定语从句。and 连接两个detached from, 都修饰前面的wealth。

参考译文：这种大规模地、非个人性地对资本和企业进行操作，极大地增加了作为一个阶层的股东的数量和重要性，作为国民生活的一部分，股东阶层代表着不承担责任的财富与土地拥有者应尽义务的分离，而且同样与企业的责任管理分离。

12．Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “co mfortable”classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders?meeting to dictate their orders to the management.

结构分析：句子主干是Towns…sprang up to house…classes,后面两个who 引导两个定语从句修饰前面的classes。except是介词，它后面的that 指代relation。drawing 和attending 是并列关系，作介词of 的宾语。动词不定式to dictate their orders to the management作目的状语。理解这个句子的关键在两个who 引导的定语从句都是修饰classes。

参考译文：像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城市的兴起，是为了给大批隐退的享乐阶层人士在这里过着舒适的生活。他们依赖丰厚的收入，除了领取红利，偶尔参加股东会议，向管理人员发号施令，他们与外界没有联系。

13．The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good.

结构分析：这个句子是and 连接的两个并列句。第一个句子的主干是The “shareholders”had no knowledge…。employed 作定语修饰前面的workmen，相当于省略了who were ( employed by) …。which 引导定语从句in which he held shares修饰前面的company。第二个句子的主干是his influence…was not good，是常见的主语+系动词+表语结构。

参考译文：这种股东不了解持股公司里工人们的生活、思想和需求。他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。

14．The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.

结构分析：这个句子是but连接的两个转折关系的句子。第一个句子的主干结构是the … manager …was in more direct relation with…。第一个句子中acting for 是现在分词作定语，修饰manager。第二个句子的主干是he had seldom that…knowledge of the workmen…。which引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的familiar personal knowledge。Passing away是现在分词作定语修饰前面的family business。under the more patriarchal system of the old family business是介词词组作状语，修饰谓语动词had often had。

参考译文：代公司进行管理的领薪经理与工人及其需求有更直接的关系，但他们甚至也已不像当年更具家长管理式的制度下的企业老板那样熟悉工人的情况。

15．Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country?s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial”thinking about things technological.

结构分析：句首是介词词组作状语，谓语动词would single out 后面用分号分隔开的各个部分是名词性词组，这些都是single out 的宾语。a labor force that welcomed the new technology 中that 引导定语从句，修饰前面的labor force。最后的形容词technological 是后置定语，修饰前面的things。

参考译文：在诸多形成因素中，我想挑选出这些：这个国家优异的小学教育；欢迎新技术的劳动大军；奖励发明者的做法；尤其是美国人在处理技术问题时所具有的非语言的，“空间”思维的天赋。

16．Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage.

结构分析：句子主干是observers related A to B。

参考译文：目光敏锐的外国观察家把美国人的适应能力和发明创造这种教育优势联系起来。

17．A further stimulus to invention came from the “premium” system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it.

结构分析：这是一个主从复合句，句子的主干是…stimulus came from…。其中逗号后的which引导了一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的“premium” system。句末的it指代前面的patent system。定语从句中，and连接了两个并列的谓语动词：preceded和ran。

参考译文：推动发明的另一刺激因素来自“奖赏”制度，它产生于专利制度之前，且有好多年与专利制度同时运作。

18．Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.

结构分析：句子的主干是Americans flocked to these fai rs…，后面的动词不定式to admire the new machines and thus to renew都是表明flocked 的目的，作状语。

参考译文：美国人纷纷涌向博览会去欣赏新机械，也因此更加坚信技术进步造福人类。

19．As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process… The designer and the inventor … are able to assemble and manipulate in

their minds devices that as yet do not exist.”

结构分析：句子的主体部分是直接引语，有两个句子。第一个句子中是分号连接的两个并列句。第一个分句的主体结构是A technologist thinks about objects…, 其中that 引导了定语从句that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions修饰前面的objects。第二个分句中使用了被动语态，主语they 指代前面的objects。第二个句子中，that引导定语that as yet do not exist修饰前面的devices。

参考译文：正如尤金·弗格森曾指出的：“技术人员思考那些不能用明确的语言进行描述的物体；这些物体在头脑中以视觉性的、非语言性的方式来处理……设计者和发明者……能在头脑中组装并操作那些尚不存在的机械装置。”

20．Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.”

结构分析：句子结构是Robert Fulton once wrote + 直接引语。直接引语中，句子的主干是The mechanic should sit down…。like 在这里是连词，“如同，同样”，构成比较。like a poet 后面省略了和前面句子一样的谓语部分：should sit down。considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts 是现在分词作状语，表示伴随动作，其中them指代前面的letters。后面的which 引导定语从句in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea修饰前面的exhibition。

参考译文：罗伯特·富尔顿曾写道：“技术人员坐在杠杆、螺钉、楔子、轮子等中间，如同一位诗人处在词汇之中，应把它们看作为自己思想的一种表达，每一个新组合都能传达一个新的意念。”

21．The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life.

结构分析：句子的主干是The goal…will be to try to explain…,其中explain 后面接的是双宾语：explain to sb sth, 这里sth是that 引导的宾语从句：there are not…。

参考译文：所有这些书的目的是试图告诉那些迷惑而且常常是还不开通的芸芸众生：就宇宙和生命的起源与演化问题而言，不可能存在着两个同样站得住脚的科学理论。22．“Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.

结构分析：句子的主干是…creationism is base d… on religion , not science。其中which引导了一个非限制性定语从句which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms…修饰creationism, 在这一定语从句中，whenever 引导时间状语从句：whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given。

参考译文：有人竭力宣扬“科学”神造论，每当课堂上讲授进化论时，这些人就想争抢“相同的课时”来解释这一学说。神造论是以宗教为基础的，而非科学。

23．In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.

结构分析：第一句话的主干是…he takes off… and gives…,第二句话是and连接的两个并列句。在第二个分句中，前面插入了一个介词词组：for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists。其中unfamiliar 相

当于省略了who are 的定语从句，修饰those。their programmes and tactics 和their deception and distortion 中的两个their 都指代creationists。

参考译文：在书的最后三章，他毫不客气地对神造论者进行了猛烈抨击。他揭露了这些人的活动和战术，对那些不了解神造论者做事方式的人来说，其欺骗和歪曲事实的程度会让他们感到气愤和吃惊。

24．On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: “This book stands for reason itself.”And so it does―and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism /evolution debate.

结构分析：第一句话中用了直接引语做宾语。第二句话是对第一句的赞同，破折号后作进一步解释；其中隐含一个if 引导的状语从句表示虚拟语气。在正式的文体中，倒装句可以用来代替if 引导的表示假设的状语从句。were reason the only judge in the creationism /evolution debate 相当于if reason were the only judge in the creationism /evolution debate。

参考译文：这部优秀作品的封面上引用了斯蒂芬·杰·古尔德的一句话，“这本书本身代表理性”。的确——如果理性是神造论和进化论之争的唯一裁判标准，一切问题就已解决了。

25．After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia?s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.

结构分析：句子的主干是Australia?s Northern Territory became the first legal authority…,其中，句首是表示时间的介词词组作状语：After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates，后面的动词不定式to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die 相当于定语从句，修饰legal authority, who 引导定语从句修饰前面的patients。

参考译文：经过6个月的争论和最后16个小时的激烈辩论，澳大利亚北部地区当局成为全世界第一个立法允许医生可以根据绝症病人个人意愿来结束其生命的合法机构。

26．Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back.

结构分析：第一句中逗号前后表示对比：Some have breathed…others…bitterly attacked,其中others 后面的including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association是对其进一步解释。Its passage中的its指代前面提到的the bill。第二句与第一句是转折的关系。

参考译文：一些机构如释重负，其他一些机构，包括教会、倡导生命权利的组织以及澳大利亚医学会都对这一决议及其仓促的通过进行了猛烈的抨击。但是大势已定，无法逆转。

27．In Australia―where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part―other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.

结构分析：句子的主干是…other states are going to consider…。句首的in Australia 是介词词组作地点状语，后面where 引导定语从句where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing

community attitudes have all played their part，进一步说明Australia的情况。

参考译文：在澳大利亚，老龄化人口，寿命延长技术和变化的公众态度，这些因素都发挥着各自的作用。其他州也将考虑制定类似的法律来解决安乐死问题。

28．After a “c ooling off ” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met.

结构分析：两个句子都是简单句。第一句中前面是介词词组作时间状语：After a “c ooling off ” period of seven days。第二句使用了被动语态the wish can be met。

参考译文：在经过7天的冷静期之后，病人可签署一份申请证明。48小时后，就可以满足其安乐死的愿望。

29．There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Y et it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.

结构分析：第一个句子是there be结构，of course 是插入语。第二句是主语+系动词+表语结构。注意双重否定结构，hardly unknown表示肯定。第三句使用了so…that 结构: 其中made so frequently 是过去分词作定语，修饰前面的observation。It指代observation。

参考译文：当然也有例外。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员、粗鲁的侍者和没有礼貌的出租车司机也并非罕见。但因为人们常有上述的结论，所以这就值得评论一番了。30．Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.

结构分析：句子的主干是Strangers and travelers were welcome…a nd brought…。注意diversion 在本句中作“解闷，消遣娱乐”讲。

参考译文：陌生人和旅行者给他们的生活带来了娱乐消遣，因而受到欢迎，同时还带来了外面世界的消息。

31．Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.

结构分析：本句是一个简单句。traveling alone是现在分词作定语修饰前面的someone, if hungry, injured, or ill…实际上是简略的if 引导的状语从句，这里作插入成分。注意后半句中的turn to…结构。

参考译文：单独旅行时如果挨饿、受伤或生病，通常只能向最近的村民或村落求助32．It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers.

结构分析：句子的主干是it was not a matter of choice …or merely a charitable impulse ,是主语+系动词+表语的结构。表语由并列的两部分组成，由or 连接。

参考译文：这对旅行者来说不只是一个选择的问题，而对居民来说也并非是一时行善的冲动。

33．The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.

结构分析：本句的主干是The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as A nor B, but as C, 使用了被动语态。其中neither….nor…结构后面用的是同样的词性成分：形容词superficial

和artificial。

参考译文：很多美国人的这种随意的友好态度不应被看作是表面的或虚假的，而应当看成是一个文化传统历史发展的结果。

34．As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.

结构分析：本句的主干是…a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships。As 在这里是一个代词，表示“这一情况，这一事实”。

参考译文：任何发达国家的情况都是一样，在美国，所有社会相互关系下面都隐含着一系列复杂的文化信号，各种设想和传统习惯。

35．The phrase “substance abuse”is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.

结构分析：句子的主干是The phrase “substance abuse” is often used … to make clear…, to make clear that 是动词不定式作状语，表示目的。That 后面接的是宾语从句作动词make clear 的宾语。注意as…as 的用法。

参考译文：他们经常用“药品滥用”这个短语来代替“毒品滥用”以便弄清许多物质，如酒精、烟草，如果滥用就与海洛因和可卡因一样有毒。

36．We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.

结构分析：句子的主干是We live in a society…, 后面which 引导宾语从句in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive, 修饰society。冒号后面的部分是并列关系的名词词组，用来举例说明前面提出的观点，开始可以略去不看。冒号前面的部分是动词不定式，相当于定语成分，修饰前面的中心词，表示其功效。

参考译文：我们生活的社会当中，物质（药物）在医疗和社交方面的使用很普及：服用阿斯匹林来缓解头痛，喝点酒来交际，早晨喝咖啡提神，吸烟来消除紧张。37．Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

结构分析：句子的主干结构是Dependence is marked first by…, and then by…,其逗号隔开的部分是with+ n.+ 过去分词作状语，用来进一步解释药物依赖的第一种表现。when the substance is discontinued 是表示时间的状语从句。注意and 连接两个by 引导的介词词组是并列关系，这样就能把握句子的主干了。

参考译文：对药物的依赖首先表现为不断增长的耐药量，要产生想得到的结果所需要的药品剂量越来越大，然后表现为当停止用药后，会出现难受的停药症状。38．Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens.

结构分析：这是一个简单句。句子的主干是Psychoactive substances are…grouped according to…,使用了被动语态。其中whether 引导宾语从句whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens 作介词

according to的宾语。

参考译文：精神刺激性药品通常可分为兴奋剂，镇静剂和幻觉剂。

39．“Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?”Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “Y ou have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?”

结构分析：这是一个有直接引语的复杂句。首先抓住核心句Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week, 前后是直接引语。这个直接引语的前半部分是一个一般疑问句，后面由两个转折关系的句子构成，由连词but连接。第一个分句是简单句，but后面的句子是一个一般疑问句。由情态动词must引导，包括由and连接的两个并列部分，corrupt our nation 和threaten our children as well。在后面threaten our children as well这部分的主语you被省略了。

参考译文：参议员罗伯特·罗尔上星期质问时代华纳公司高层管理者们时说：“这就是你们要成就的事业吗？你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂，但你们是否非要败坏我们的国家，威胁我们的孩子不成？”

40．It?s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.

结构分析：这是一个有定语从句的复杂句。主干是It?s a self-examination… ,that 后面引导的是定语从句，修饰self-examination，定语从句的宾语是一个of词组，核心词是issues, 在of后面是三个并列的短语，都是用来修饰和限定issues的。at various times是插入语。

参考译文：这是在不同时期包含了责任，创作自由和公司底线问题的自我反省。

41．The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company?s rap music on the grounds of expression.

结构分析：第一个句子是简单句。主语是The flap over rap，谓语是is not making，使用的是make +n.+adj.的结构。第二句的主干是Levin has defended the company?s rap music on the grounds of…。

参考译文：人们对说唱乐的不安使他的日子更不好过。莱文一直以言论为自由为借口来为公司的说唱乐辩护。

42．“The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.

结构分析：这里直接引语被分成两部分，一部分在主句前，另一部分在主句后。直接引语是主句的宾语。直接引语的主干是The test…lies not in…but in…,however…, 这是一个用副词however 连接的并列复合句。

参考译文：他在《华尔街日报》专栏中写道：“对任何一个民主社会的考验不在于它能多有效地控制各种意见的表达，而在于这个社会是否给予了人们思考和表达的最广泛的自由，无论这些结果有时会引起多大的争论和愤怒。

43．During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month?s stockholders?meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society?s ills”and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New Y ork, who uses rap to communicate with students.

结构分析：句子的主干是Levin asserted that…and even cited…。During…stockholders? meeting 这一部分是表示时间的状语从句。a teacher in the Bronx, New Y ork是宾语his son的同位语，who uses rap to communicate with students 是son的非限制性定语从句。

参考译文：在上个月的股东会议上，大家就摇滚乐的歌词进行了讨论。莱文宣称“音乐不是社会问题的病因”，而且举了他在布隆克斯当教师的儿子的例子。他的儿子用说唱乐的形式与学生进行交流。

44．“I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.”

结构分析：本句的主干是I think…,后面的部分是这句话的宾语从句。在宾语从句中that 引导一个同位语从句，说明case具体情况的是some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this。associated with 是过去分词作定语，修饰people。

参考译文：鲁斯说，“我想情况大概是这样的：公司里有些人可能最近才刚开始意识到这一点。”

45．Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such a s “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.

结构分析：第一个句子中,主干为Much of the language…, makes it sound like…。used to describe monetary policy修饰language ,后面的such as “steering the economy to a soft landing”or “a touch on the brakes”是对前面的language 进一步说明。It 指代前面提到的monetary policy。

参考译文：很多用来描述货币政策的词, 例如“经济软着陆”, “轻踩经济刹车”, 使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。事实远非如此。

46．Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.

结构分析：这句话承接前面陈述的原因。Hence 后面只是一个名词词组，中心词是the analogy, 后面that 引导定语从句修饰前面的analogy。with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel 是介词词组修饰前面的car。注意此句没有谓语动词，只是一个名词性的短语。

参考译文：因此这样的类比（就如同）把货币政策的实施比作是驾驶一辆挡风玻璃污浊，后视镜破碎且方向盘失灵的汽车。

47．This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.

结构分析：这是一个并列句，前后用分号隔开两个子句，是递进关系。后面一个分句中，主语是inflation，使用了被动语态的现在完成时。lower是表语，than expected in Britain and America ,以及over the past couple of years 都是介词短语作状语。

参考译文：这不是昙花一现。在过去若干年里，英国和美国的通货膨胀率连续低于预测水平。

48．Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America?s, have little productive slack.

结构分析：这是一个主从复合句。Since连接了两个句子。主句的主干是Economists have been…surprised by …。原因状语的主干是conventional measures suggest that…,代词that 引导了宾语从句作为suggest 的宾语。在宾语从句中，and especially America?s economy, 是前面主语both economies 的同位语。

参考译文：经济学家对英美两国有利的通货膨胀数据感到特别诧异，因为传统的计量方法表明两国经济，特别是美国经济几乎没有萧条的时候。

49．The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.

结构分析：第一句中，主干是explanation is… a little defective。第二个句子主干是…economists argue that…,that 后面是宾语从句。这个宾语从句的基本结构为structural changes …have upended …models…,其中models后面是一个that引导的定语从句。

参考译文：不幸的是，最令人鼓舞的解释也有缺陷。有些经济学家论证说，世界经济结构的巨大变化已经大大改变了旧有的经济模式，即以经济增长和通货膨胀之间的历史联系为基础的模式。

50．Perhaps it is humankind?s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.

结构分析：本句应用了一个强调句型it is… that…,强调的是suffering, that中的idea 定语为of forcing the waters to do our bidding, 因此本句正常的语序为humankind?s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.

参考译文：可能正是因为人类长期遭受旱涝灾害的困扰才使得这种让水听命于人的理想如此让人着迷。

51．It doesn?t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves.

结构分析：本句主干为it doesn?t help that…，that 从句中的主语为building a big, powerful dam, striving to assert themselves作nations and people的定语。

参考译文：即便修建一个巨大的威力无比的水坝来作为民族成就的象征也没有什么用。

52．The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left―all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.

结构分析：本句的主干为The Aswan Dam stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the silt。第一个silt 后面有一个that 引导从句that floods left, 修饰silt; 破折号后面的all代替的是破折号前面所说的the fertile silt，介词短语in respect for后面的宾语带了一个which引导的从句，修饰a giant reservoir of disease.

参考译文：例如阿斯旺大坝阻止了洪水泛滥，但也使埃及失去了洪水退后留下的肥沃淤泥——得到的是一个有巨大疾病的水库。现在淤泥积满了水库以至于不能发电。

53．This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.

结构分析：本句的主干是Slovaks and Hungarians stopped sending in the troops, in their contention over a dam 指sending in the troops 的原因，short of 指“差一点就”。

参考译文：本周，在文明欧洲的中心地区，斯洛伐克和匈牙利就在多瑙河建坝问题上发生冲突，差点动用了军队。

54．Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the costs and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts.

结构分析：本句的主干是Study can help to resolve conflicts。The impacts of dams 与the costs and benefits of controlling water并列来修饰study.

参考译文：对大坝的影响和治水的成本及收益进行合理的研究有助于解决这些冲突。

55．What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.

结构分析：本句的主语是一个从句what is harder to establish, 表语也是个从句，它的主干是whether the productivity revolution is for real, 表语从句中的that businessmen assume they are presiding over是the productivity revolution的定语从句。

参考译文：然而更难分辨的是，这些商人们设想的由他们领导的这场生产率革命是否真实。

56．The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.

结构分析：本句中有一个较长的表语从句。该表语从句中有两个分句，中间用and so 连接，第一个分句中that 引导的定语从句修饰rebound, 第二个分句中省略了主语part of the recent acceleration.

参考译文：麻烦的是近年部分的增长是由于经济周期的正常反弹引起的，因此，它不能证明有商业复苏的趋势。

57．There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction”, between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.

结构分析：本句的主干是there is a disjunction between the mass and the picture。that points to a leap in productivity 是business anecdote的定语从句，reflected by the statistics 作the picture 的定语。

参考译文：正如财政部长罗伯特·鲁宾所说, “有关生产率大幅度提高的商界奇闻与统计数字反映的情况大相径庭”。

58．New ways of organizing the workplace―all that re-engineering and downsizing―are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.

结构分析：本句的主干是New ways are one contribution, 破折号之间的部分说明new ways of organizing the workplace, which引导的是an economy 的非限制性定语从句。

参考译文：组织工场的新方法——所有的重新策划和缩小规模——对于提高经济体整个生产率只起到一部分作用。还有许多其他的因素。例如，设备和机械的联合投资，新技术，教育和培训的投资。

59．Think of Gallileo?s 17th century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake?s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton.

结构分析：句子主干是think of trial or remarks, for 表示trial的原因rebelling belief, before the Catholic Church 指的是trial 的地点，against 指的是remarks the的对象。

参考译文：想想看，17世纪伽利略因他反叛的信仰而遭受天主教会的审判，或者是诗人威廉·布莱克对依萨克·牛顿的机械的世界观的尖锐批判。

60．Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meeti ngs such as “The Flight from Science and Reason,” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.

结构分析：本句的主干是Defenders have voiced their concerns at meetings。Such as 后面列举的是两个meeting 的名称。Held in New Y ork City in 1995作第一个meeting的定语，which assembled last June near Buffalo作第二个meeting的非限制性定语从句。

参考译文：科学的捍卫者们也在一些会议上表示了他们的担忧。比如，1995年在纽约举行的”远离科学和理性”会议，去年6月在布法罗附近召开的“信息（迷信）时代的科学”会议。

61．A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.

结构分析：本句主干很清楚：a survey reveals that…。That从句中的主干是the tag has been attached to many other groups …。后面的from …to…结构指的是from authorities to Republicans, 两个词后各有一个who引导的定语从句。

参考译文：1996年的一项新闻报道的调查揭示了反科学这一标签与许多其他群体系在了一起，从提倡消灭现存最后的天花病毒的官方人士到倡议减少基础研究基金的共和党人。

62．Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia.

结构分析：本句主干是Few would dispute that…，that 从句的主干是the term scorns science and longs for return，whose 引导的定语从句作the Unabomber的定语。

参考译文：很少会有人对将“反科学”这个词用在反原子弹团体身上提出质疑。它在1995年的宣言中公开蔑视科学并渴望回到前技术时代的乌托邦（理想之国）。

63．The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.

结构分析：本句乍一看不易明白，实际是主谓倒装并插入到了句子中间，主语为Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University，谓语为argues，argue的宾语从句中主干是the true enemies of science are those who…。

参考译文：斯坦福大学的保罗·埃利希，作为一个环境研究的先驱者，他争辩道，科学真正的敌人是那些对全球变暖、臭氧层稀薄和其他工业增长的后果提出质疑的人。64．Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.

结构分析：本句是一个倒装句，主干是the picture is emerging from the 1980 census, 倒装的原因是picture的定语部分太长不适于将主语部分置前。后面的as 引导的从句表示伴随。

参考译文：1980年人口普查显示：随着东北及中西部地区的人口增长几乎为零，这个国家地域间的竞争越来越激烈。

65．This development―and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead―has enthroned the South as America?s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation?s head counting.

结构分析：本句的主干是the development has enthroned the South as …。破折号中间部分为主语补充，for the first time in the history of the nation?s head counting 作状语。

参考译文：此发展——以及对美国政治、经济在未来几年的潜在的强有力的影响一一使南部在全国人口普查中有史以来首次成为美国人口最密集的地区。

66．Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too―and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday?s “baby boom” generation reached its child-bearing years.

结构分析：本句有两个分句。前一个的主干是immigrants played a role，后一句是一倒装结构，正常语序为bigger crops of babies also played a role, as 引导一个状语从句。

参考译文：不断涌入的移民潮也起了一定作用——还有过去的那次“婴儿潮”出生的一代已经到了婚育年龄，他们生下的数量更为可观的孩子也起到了一定作用。67．Often they chose―and still are choosing―somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.

结构分析：本句主干为：they chose and are still choosing colder climate。In order to 引导表示目的的状语，escape 的对象是smog, crime 和other plague.

参考译文：他们过去常常选择，现在也依然选择居住在那些气候较为寒冷的地区，如俄勒冈、爱达荷，还有阿拉斯加，为的就是躲避这个黄金州的烟雾、犯罪，及城市化进程中的其他问题。

68．As a result, California?s growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent―little more than two thirds the 1960s? growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.

结构分析：句中“dropped to 18.5%”是下降到18.5%，比较容易出错的是“two thirds the 1960s?growth figure” 是20世纪60年代的增长的2/3。

参考译文：结果，加利福尼亚的人口增长率在20世纪70年代时降到18.5%，这稍高于20世纪60年代增长率的2/3，大大低于西部其他各州。

69．Unlike most of the world?s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth?s surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.

结构分析：本句分号分开两个并列句，前一个分句中，that make up the earth?s surface是drifting plates

的定语，on the contrary后面是第二个分句，them 指的是前面说的hot spots。

参考译文：与世界上绝大部分火山不同，它们并不都在形成地球表面的巨大漂移板块的边缘。相反，许多热点处于板块深处。

70．The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined.

结构分析：本句是一个主系表结构，主语部分是The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean，remainders of where the two continents were once joined 是表语，表语中where the two continents were once joined 是地点状语从句。

参考译文：但互相吻合的海岸线和某些似乎是跨越海洋的地质特征提醒人们两个大陆曾经是连在一起的。

71．The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of the plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth?s interior.

结构分析：本句由两个分句组成，前一分句中carrying these continents为the plates的定语，后一分句中两个with respect to …作前面每个motion的定语。

参考译文：带有这些大陆的板块的相对运动已经能够被详细地表述出来，但是一个板块相对于另一板块的运动还不能轻易解释为它们相对于地球内部的运动。

72．It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it.

结构分析：本句结构较简单，it 是形式主语，to determine后面是whether…or whether…引导的选择关系从句。

参考译文：要确定两块大陆是反向移动的，还是一块静止不动另一块漂移这都是不可能的。

73．As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.

结构分析：本句中第一部分是一个主从复合句，句中的it 指的是the dome, 第二部分用了一个so that 结构，是一个表示结果的从句。

参考译文：随着圆顶的增长，它开始出现深深的裂缝（裂纹）；至少有一些情况是大陆可能沿着其中一些裂缝完全裂开，因此这个热点就引发了一个新的海洋的形成。74．While warnings are often appropriate and necessary —— the dangers of drug interactions, for example ——and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.

结构分析：本句中while 引导一个让步状语从句，the dangers of drug interactions, for example举例说明的是warnings 的内容，many指的是warnings.后面的it作为形式主语，指的是that引导的从句。

参考译文：尽管警告通常是适当和必要的，如对药物相互作用的危险提出警告，而且很多还是州或联邦政府所要求的，然而当顾客受到伤害时，这些警告能否可以让生产者和销售者豁免责任尚不清楚。

75．As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything.

结构分析：本句中as 引导的是伴随状语从句，其中claim作主语，where引导的定语从句修饰cases。

参考译文：随着一些个人伤害的指控继续进行，有些法庭逐渐开始偏向被告一方，尤其是在审理那些警告标签可能起不到什么作用的案件的时候。

76．In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet.

结构分析：很明显本句的主干是Julie Nimmons fought a lawsuit, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois是Julie Nimmons的同位语. Involving后面的所有部分是lawsuit的定语，who was paralyzed in a game是player 的定语，while wearing a Schutt helmet为定语中包含的时间状语。

参考译文：5月，伊利诺斯州Schutt体育用品公司总裁Julie Nimmons就赢得一场官司。这场官司涉及到一位橄榄球运动员，他戴着Schutt公司生产的头盔参加比赛时，受伤瘫痪了。

77．At the same time, the American Law Institute ——a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight —— issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.

结构分析：本句是一个简单句,句子主干为the institute issued new guidelines for tort law。a group of judges, lawyers, and academics为institute的构成，whose 从句增加说明了这些人的情况。Stating后面的句子作tort law的定语, 其中有一个很长的that从句。

参考译文：在此同时，美国法律协会——该协会由一群法官、律师和学者组成，他们的建议分量极重，发布了新的民事侵权法指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意那些显而易见的危险，或者给顾客提供一份冗长的包括可能造成的危险的清单。

78．If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.

结构分析：本句中if引导的是一个条件从句，主句中provide for有两个宾语，一个是the benefits of customers, 另一个是protection against legal liability, not 的存在决定provide for 要the benefits of customers，而舍protection against legal liability。

参考译文：如果该法律团体的合理的目的能够实现的话，提供产品信息就是为了顾客的利益，而不是为了保护公司避免承担法律责任了。

79．Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company ' s private intranet.

结构分析：本句的主干是companies are limiting the risk, by conducting …作句子的状语，who are given access to the company?s private intranet是partners的定语从句，指出其所受到的待遇。

参考译文：有的公司为了避免风险，只与那些熟悉的贸易伙伴进行网上交易，这些贸易伙伴有权利进入该公司的企业内部网。

80．In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to

targeted customers.

结构分析：本句的主干是software companies have developed tools，that 从句为tools的定语从句，transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers是that从句中的伴随状语，说明push 的同时发生的事情。

参考译文：但是，在过去一年里，软件公司开发出来的工具可以使公司直接向顾客推出信息，直接向目标客户传递市场信息。

81．Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request.

结构分析：句中that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request为notion定语从句，that 从句中flowing onto the screen为主语information的定语，comes为谓语。

参考译文：网上文化高度重视这一理念，即经过专门请求的信息才能出现在屏幕上。

82．The examples of V irtual Vineyards, https://www.sodocs.net/doc/414203583.html,, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.

结构分析：本句结构比较清晰，The examples of V irtual Vineyards, https://www.sodocs.net/doc/414203583.html,, and other pioneers为主语部分，show为谓语，show后面是that引导的一个宾语从句，该从句中elling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security为a Web site的定语。

参考译文：V irtual Vineyards, https://www.sodocs.net/doc/414203583.html,和其它先驱网站的实例表明，一个将交互性、热情服务和安全性合理结合以销售适类商品的站点是可以吸引网上客户的注意的。

83．An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.

结构分析：此句较难分辨，主语是an invisible border，谓语是divides，后面是两个宾语those arguing for…，其中两个arguing for …分别修饰两个those, 现在分词作定语。

参考译文：把计算机引入教室，有的人争辩说是为了学生的就业前景，有的人主张以此达到对教育进行彻底改革的更加宏伟的目标，以上两种人之间有一条无形的界限。84．An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law.

结构分析：此句的主干是an education… is a technical education, that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job 作an education 的定语从句，justified for这个过去分词短语引导后面的部分一起修饰前面的表语an technical education.

参考译文：目的是为学生找到工作的教育是一种职业教育，证明其合理性的理由同法律对教育目的的普遍要求就很不同了。

85．Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.

结构分析：在该句中较难看出的是 a charact er who …修饰的是the American citizen 而不是conception。who引导的定语从句中who is incomplete是主句，if 引导一个条件从句.if 从句中assess后跟一个宾语how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.

参考译文：我们都持有一个美国公民的构想，如果其不能恰当地认识到生活和幸福是如何受外在事物影响的，那么他的美国公民特征就是不完整的。

86．Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.

结构分析：本句主干是：this is to produce professional, country后面的限定成分很长，分两部分：一个是as large as ours，一个是where the economy is spread …and involves…。

参考译文：此外，象我们这样一个经济既跨越如此众多的州、又牵涉到如此之多的跨国公司的大国，要培养出所需的各种职业人才是不可能的。

87．But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal , can be the difference between having a job and not.

结构分析：本句是一个主从复合句，主句为professional training might be the way to go，since 引导原因状语从句，主干为skill can be the difference between…，all other factors being equal 为独立主格结构。

参考译文：但是对少数学生而言，职业培训也许是必由之路，因为在其他因素相同的情况下，熟练的技能也许是能否找到工作的决定性因素。

88．Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment—although no one had proposed to do so—— and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Prinoeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.

结构分析：本句的主干为he ordered that …and asked an independent panel of experts to …，Declaring that…为本句的伴随状语；order后跟that引导的宾语从句，其中使用了虚拟语气，谓语部分省略了should。Asked后面的chaired by Prinoeton president Harold Shapiro实际是panel的定语，这部分使用了ask…to…结构。

参考译文：他宣布还反对利用这种不正常的动物克隆技术去克隆人，并禁止使用联邦资金做这样的实验——尽管没有人提议要那样做，并责成成立一个由普林斯顿大学校长哈罗德·夏皮罗主持的独立专家小组，在90天内拿出有关克隆人类的政策的建议，向白宫汇报。

89．NBAC will ask that Clinton 's 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended in- definitely , and possibly that it be made law.

结构分析：本句结构较简单，ask后有两个宾语从句，都使用了虚拟语气，第一个that从句中主语为Clinton?s 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning，核心词是ban.

参考译文：NBAC将请求克林顿将禁止使用联邦资金克隆人的90天禁令无限期地延长，并且可能形成立法。

90．The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.

结构分析：本句的关键是对whether引导的不定式短语的理解，that后面部分为legislation的定语，从句中的it作形式宾语，它指的是for private funding to be used for human cloning.

参考译文：然而，该小组尚未在一个关键问题上取得一致意见，即是否建议立法，将利用私人基金克隆人定为犯罪。

91．In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to at- tempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning. "

结构分析：本句主干为Shapiro suggested that…，discussed at the 17 May meeting 这一过去分词结构修饰recommendation, 主句中的that从句作census 的同位语。从句中的it 为形式主语。

参考译文：在5月17日会议上讨论的建议草案序言中，夏皮罗指出，该小组已取得广泛的共识，认为“试图利用成人细胞核克隆婴儿将是为道德所不容的。”92．Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos ( the earliest stage of human offspring before birth）for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo' s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.

结构分析：本句是一个主从复合句，前面because引导原因状语从句，这个从句的宾语是use，of 说明了use的对象，后面是两个并列的不定式短语to create embryos or to knowingly endanger，后面是主句部分。

参考译文：因为现行的联邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金创造研究用的胚胎（人类子嗣降世前的最初阶段）或明知故犯地危及胚胎的生命，NBAC将在胚胎研究这一问题上保持沉默。

93．The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.

结构分析：本句主干是the fact answer the question。Fact后面的that从句是它的同位语，其中and 后面省略了与前面相同的部分the apple fell。the question后面部分是它的定语从句，省略了that或which引导词。

参考译文：苹果朝地上掉落而不是往树上飞，这一事实回答了牛顿长期以来一直对月球和行星那些较大的天上果实所存的疑问。

94．In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the "scientific method" a substitute for imaginative thought.

结构分析：本句的主干是you might gather the impression that…，that 从句为impression的定语从句，注意从句中a substitute for 这一短语的用法。

参考译文：在和一些科学家，特别是较为年轻的科学家们交谈时，也许会有这样一种印象，即他们发现了“科学方法”，亦即想象思维的代名词。

95．If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.

结构分析：本句是一个主从复合句，首先是一个if 引导的条件状语从句，使用了as…as…的结构，第二个as后面跟一个句子，indicate是reports的谓语；主句中的it 是形式主语，for后面是本句的真正主语，measurable in dollars and cents是results的后置定语。

参考译文：如果实验完全按照科学杂志报告中陈述的那样照计划不折不扣地去设计完成，那么，管理人员就预期研究会产生以美元，美分计的结果，这完全符合逻辑。

96．It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.

结构分析：本句中it 是形式主语，for auditors后面部分为真正的主语，believe后面的that从句的主干为scientists…should not be distracted by…，scientists后面部分较复杂，先是跟了一个who定语从句，这个定语从句中又包含由where和how引导的两个从句。

参考译文：审计人员也完全有理由相信，确切知道自己的目标并知道如何使其得以实现的科学家们根本没必要三心二意，一只眼盯着现金登记卡，而另一只眼睛则盯着显微镜。97．Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team. "

结构分析：本句是一个倒装句，将否定词nor置于句首，后面主语management和谓语is发生倒装，if 引导的条件从句插入句中使用。注意短语to be blamed for的使用，who “work well with the team”为thinkers 的定语从句。

参考译文：如果象科学家们写作论文想要反映的那样，渴求规律性和与某种标准模式的一致性，那么管理人员歧视研究人员中的“标新立异者”，而赞赏“善于合作”的思想上较为循规蹈矩的人，那也是无可指责的。

98．It?s scientists were the world?s best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.

结构分析：第一句中its workers the most skilled 省略了being, 这是一个伴随状语。第二句中，beyond 表示“在……之外”，在这里是超出的意思，whose economies the war had destroyed 作定语从句修饰the Europeans and Asians.

参考译文：它的科学家是世界上最好的，它的工人是最富有技巧的。美国和美国公民的繁荣是欧亚两大洲人民做梦都想不到的，因为二战摧毁了这些国家的经济。

99．For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which American had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to the next casualty.

结构分析：全句的主干是一个主谓结构it looked…，as though引导的从句是looked 的表语。表语从句中主语为the making of semiconductors , 谓语是was going to be,而逗号之间的两个which从句是the